DARK MATTER

DARK MATTER:

• It is called dark matter because it can’t be seen due to the fact it does not reflect light.

• Dark matter is made up of atoms, molecules and subatomic particles.

• We know its existence because it can be estimated based ont he gravitational effects it causes in other celestial bodies made of ordinary matter.

• It represents almost a 21% of the whole matter of the universe.

TYPES OF DARK MATTER:

• Ordinary matter: made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. The brown dwarf stars are also consider to be ordinary dark matter

• Extrordinary dark matter: black holes are include due to their gravitatory well. Also neutron stars and black dwarf stars are part of the extraordinary dark matter.

FRITZ ZWICKY

• Dark matter was first proposed by Fritz Zwicky in 1933 due to the fact that there is a type of energy in the vacunm that influence the orbit of the planets and the expansion of the universe. Athough he proposed this almost a century ago, dark matter is still a mystery nowadays.

Antimatter, dark matter and dark energy

Antimatter, dark matter and dark energy are

three absolutely different things, unlike what many people understand.

We have already explained the concept of dark matter so now we will develop the antimatter and the dark energy.

ANTIMATTER• It is like the common and current matter of what we are

done, but made of particles which electrical load is changed of sign. An anti electron or positron might be an example. The antimatter is form of antiparticles.

• It was predicted theoretically and discovered experimentally practically one century ago. It even has technological applications in medicine .

• It is the least enigmatic of the three concepts that we are going to differentiate.

DARK ENERGY It is a very complicated physical concept. The Universe expands more and more rapid

since the Big Bang and so that this is possible we need something that is accelerating it.

And if there is an acceleration, there has to be a force. This force is what we call dark energy.

It represents around 70% of the present matter of the universe.

THE PROBLEM OF DARK MATTER

EQUIPMENTS:

• Many experiments offer opposing results between them.• Some experiments face to lighter particles while others

face to heavy particles.• Technology nowadays is not able to locate dark matter

because lenses doesn’t have enough sensitivity.• One of the most advanced equipments of the NASA are

Fermi and PAMELA.• Fermi: spatial telescope of gamma rays.• PAMELA: European satellite of cosmic rays

FERMI

PAMELA

Explanation of the problem

• We are in “ the decade of dark matter”• Although there are many experiments going on none of them

none of them can explain exactly the dark matter.• It will continue the war between the mass of particles and the

dark matter.• The problem of dark matter is defined by the difficulty of

being seen due to the fact that it does not reflect light.• The way to clarify this would be to continue studying galaxies,

supernovas, etc in order to see if it exists so much dark matter as it seems.

Alternative Theory

• Robert H Sanders proposed a hypothesis not very conventional to explain the disagreements that the astrophysics find between the matter directly observed in the galaxies and what should be in the data of the dynamics of this systems.

• Sanders says, that difference is explained recurring to the density of the energy of the vacuum more than recurring to the existence of invisible dark matter for normal telescopes.

• He applies the Modified Dynamic of Newton to predict the curves of rotation without recurring to dark matter.

NEW DARK MATTER GALAXY

• Based on the gravitational perturbations of the gases on the rims of our Milky Way several scientists came to the conclusion that there exists a dark matter galaxy not known up to this moment at approximately 260. 000 distance light years.

• If it exists, this Galaxy probably is not completely composed of dark matter , because scientists have stated that there are some small stars that can help them to find the galaxy

If the existence of this Galaxy is confirmed, it would be a fundamental step in our comprehension of how the universe

became condensed from essential matter and energy after Big Bang.