danh muc ten phatminh

7/31/2019 Danh Muc Ten Phatminh

1/14

Date

Invention OrDiscovery

Inventor OrDiscoverer

Nationality

1250 Magnifying glass Roger Bacon English1450 Printing press Johann Gutenberg German1504 Pocket watch Peter Henlein German1590 Compound microscope Zacharias Janssen Dutch1593 Water thermometer Galileo Italian1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch

1625 Blood transfusionJean-BaptisteDenys

French

1629 Steam turbine Giovanni Branca Italian

1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal French1643 Barometer

EvangelistaTorricelli

Italian

1650 Air pump Otto von Guericke German

1656 Pendulum clockChristiaanHuygens

Dutch

1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton English

1671 Calculating machine

Gottfried Wilhelm

Leibniz German1698 Steam pump Thomas Savery English1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull English

1710 PianoBartolomeoCristofori

Italian

1712 Steam engineThomasNewcomen

British

1714 Mercury thermometerDaniel GabrielFahrenheit

German

1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley English1725 Stereotyping William Ged Scottish1745 Leyden jar (condenser) E.G. von Kleist German1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin American1758 Achromatic lens John Dollond British1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison British


2/14

1764 Spinning jenny James Hargreaves British1769 Spinning frame R. Arkwright English

1769Steam engine (withseparate condenser)

James Watt British

1769 Automobile Nicholas-JosephCugnot French

1775 Submarine David Bushnell American1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison English1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin American

1783 Balloon

Joseph MichelMontgolfier and

Jacques tienneMontgolfier

French

1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle British1785 Power loom

EdmundCartwright

British

1786 Steamboat John Fitch American1788 Flyball governor James Watt British1791 Gas turbine John Barber British1792 Illuminating gas William Murdock Scottish1793 Cotton gin Eli Whitney American1795 Hydraulic press Joseph Bramah English

1796 Lithography Aloys Senefelder German1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner British

1799Fourdrinier machine(papermaking)

Louis Robert French

1800 Jacquard loomJoseph MarieJacquard

French

1800 Electric batteryCount AlessandroVolta

Italian

1801 Pattern loomJoseph MarieJacquard French

1804 Screw propeller John Stevens American1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve British1804 Steam locomotive Richard Trevithick British

1805 ElectroplatingLuigi GasparoBrugnatelli

Italian


3/14

1810Food preservation (bysterilization and exclusionof air)

Franois Appert French

1810 Printing press Frederick Koenig German

1814 Railroad locomotive GeorgeStephenson British

1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy British1816 Bicycle (no pedals) Karl D. SauerbronnGerman

1819 StethoscopeRen-Thophile-HyacintheLannec

French

1820 Hygrometer J.F. Daniell English

1820 Galvanometer

Johann Salomo

CristophSchweigger German

1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday British

1823 SiliconJns JakobBerzelius

Swedish

1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon British1824 Portland cement Joseph Aspdin British1827 Friction match John Walker British1829 Typewriter1 W.A. Burt American

1829 Braille printing Louis Braille French1830 Platform scales

ThaddeusFairbanks

American

1830 Sewing machineBarthlemy

ThimonnierFrench

1831 Phosphorus match Charles Sauria French

1831 ReaperCyrus HallMcCormick

American

1831 Dynamo Michael Faraday British

1834 Electric streetcar ThomasDavenport

American

1835 Pistol (revolver) Samuel Colt American1837 Telegraph Samuel Finley

Breese MorseSir Charles

AmericanBritish


4/14

Wheatstone

1838 Morse codeSamuel FinleyBreese Morse

American

1839 Photography

Louis Jacques

Mand DaguerreandJoseph NicphoreNiepce WilliamHenry Fox Talbot

FrenchBritish

1839 Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear American1839 Steam hammer James Nasmyth Scottish

1839 Bicycle (with pedals)KirkpatrickMacMillan

British

1845 Pneumatic tire Robert WilliamThompson American

1846 Rotary printing press Richard March HoeAmerican1846 Nitroglycerin Ascanio Sobrero Italian

1846 GuncottonChristian FriedrichSchnbein

German

1846 EtherCrawfordWilliamson Long

American

1849 Reinforced concrete F.J. Monier French

1849 Safety pin Walter Hunt American1849 Water turbine

James BichenoFrancis

American

1850 Mercerized cotton John Mercer British1851 Breech-loading rifle Edward Maynard American

1851 OpthalmoscopeHermann LudwigFerdinand vonHelmholtz

German

1852 Nonrigid airship Henri Giffard French

1852 Elevator (with brake) Elisha Graves Otis American1852 Gyroscope

Jean Bernard LonFoucault

French

1855 Hypodermic syringe Alexander Wood Scottish1855 Safety matches J.E. Lundstrom Swedish1856 Bessemer converter (steel)Sir Henry British


5/14

Bessemer

1858 HarvesterCharles andWilliam Marsh

American

1859 Spectroscope

Gustav Robert

Kirchhoff andRobert WilhelmBunsen

German

1860 Gas engineJean-Joseph-tienne Lenoir

French

1861Web-fed newspaperprinting press

Richard March HoeAmerican

1861 Electric furnace Wilhelm Siemens British

1861 Machine gunRichard Jordan

Gatling

American

1861 Kinematoscope Coleman Sellers American1865 Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister English

1866Paper (from wood pulp,sulfite process)

Benjamin ChewTilghman

American

1866 DynamiteAlfred BernhardNobel

Swedish

1868 Dry cellGeorgesLeclanch

French

1868 Typewriter Carlos Glidden andChristopherLatham Sholes

American

1868 Air brakeGeorgeWestinghouse

American

1870 CelluloidJohn Wesley Hyattand Isaiah Hyatt

American

1871Continuous currentdynamo

Znobe-ThophileGramme

Belgian

1874 Quadruplex telegraph Thomas AlvaEdison American

1876 TelephoneAlexander GrahamBell

American

1877Internal-combustionengine (four-cycle)

Nikolaus AugustOtto

German


6/14

1877Talking machine(phonograph)

Thomas AlvaEdison

American

1877 Microphone Emile Berliner American1877 Electric welding Elihu Thomson American

1877 Refrigerator car G.F. Swift American1878 Cream separator

Carl Gustav deLaval

Swedish

1878 Cathode ray tubeSir WilliamCrookes

British

1879 Cash register James J. Ritty American

1879Incandescent filamentlamp

Thomas AlvaEdisonSir Joseph Wilson

Swan

AmericanBritish

1879Automobile engine (two-cycle)

Karl Benz German

1879 Arc lampCharles FrancisBush

American

1880 LinotypeOttmarMergenthaler

American

1884 Steam turbine C.A. Parsons English

1884 Rayon (nitrocellulose)

Comte Hilaire

Bernigaud deChardonnet French

1884Multiple-wheel steamturbine

Sir CharlesAlgernon Parsons

British

1884Nipkow disk (mechanicaltelevision scanning device)

Paul GottliebNipkow

German

1884 Fountain penLewis EdsonWaterman

American

1885 Graphophone (dictatingmachine)

Chichester A. Bell

andCharles SumnerTainter

American

1885 AC transformer William Stanley American1887 Air-inflated rubber tire J.B. Dunlop Scottish1887 Gramophone (disk Emile Berliner American


7/14

records)

1887 Gas mantleBaron Carl Auervon Welsbach

Austrian

1887 Mimeograph Albert Blake Dick American

1887 Monotype Tolbert Lanston American1888

Adding machine(recording)

William SewardBurroughs

American

1888 Kodak camera George Eastman American1889 Steam turbine C.G. de Laval Swedish

1890 Rayon (cuprammonium)Louis HenriDespeissis

French

1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal German

1891 Motion picture camera(kinetograph)

Thomas Alva

EdisonWilliam K. L.Dickson

AmericanBritish

1891Motion picture viewer(kinetoscope)

Thomas AlvaEdisonWilliam K. L.Dickson

AmericanBritish

1891 Synthetic rubberSir WilliamAugustus Tilden

British

1892 AC motor Nikola Tesla American1892 Three-color camera

Frederick EugeneIves

American

1892 Rayon (viscose)Charles FrederickCross

British

1892Vacuum bottle (Dewarflask)

Sir James Dewar British

1893 Photoelectric cellJulius Elster HansF. Geitel

German

1893 Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel German

1893 Gasoline automobileCharles EdgarDuryea and

J. Frank DuryeaAmerican

1894 Motion picture projection Louis Jean Lumireand Auguste Marie

French


8/14

LumireCharles Francis

JenkinsAmerican

1895 X-rayWilhelm Konrad

Rntgen

German

1895 Rayon (acetate)Charles FrederickCross

British

1895 Wireless telegraphMarcheseGuglielmo Marconi

Italian

1896 Experimental airplaneSamuel PierpontLangley

American

1898Sensitized photographicpaper

Leo HendrikBaekeland

American

1900 Rigid dirigible airship Graf Ferdinandvon Zeppelin German

1902 RadiotelephoneValdemar PoulsenReginald AubreyFessenden

DanishAmerican

1903 AirplaneWilbur Wright andOrville Wright

American

1903 Windshield wipers Mary Anderson American1903 Electrocardiograph Willem Einthoven Dutch

1905 Diode rectifier tube (radio) Sir John AmbroseFleming British

1906 GyrocompassHermannAnschtz-Kmpfe

German

1907 BakeliteLeo HendrikBaekeland

American

1907Triode amplifier tube(radio)

Lee De Forest American

1908 CellophaneJacques Edwin

BrandenbergerSwiss

1908Two-color motion picturecamera

C. Albert Smith British

1909 Salvarsan Paul Ehrlich German1910 Hydrogenation of coal Friedrich Bergius German1910 Gyroscopic compass and Elmer Ambrose American


9/14

stabilizer Sperry1911 Air conditioning W.H. Carrier American1911 Vitamins Casimir Funk Polish

1911 CellophaneJacques Edwin

BrandenbergerSwiss

1911 Neon lamp Georges Claude French

1912 Mercury-vapor lampPeter CooperHewitt

American

1913 Ramjet engine Ren Lorin French1913 Multigrid electron tube Irving Langmuir American

1913 Cracked gasolineWilliam MeriamBurton

American

1913 Heterodyne radio receiver

Reginald Aubrey

Fessenden American1915 Automobile self-starter

Charles FranklinKettering

American

1916Browning gun (automaticrifle)

John MosesBrowning

American

1916Gas-filled incandescentlamp

Irving Langmuir American

1916 X-ray tubeWilliam DavidCoolidge

American

1919 Mass spectrographSir Francis WilliamAstonArthur JeffreyDempster

BritishAmerican

1922-26

Sound motion pictures T.W. Case American

1922 InsulinSir Frederick GrantBanting

Canadian

1923 Autogiro Juan de la Cierva Spanish

1923 Television iconoscope Vladimir KosmaZworykin

American

1924 Quick-frozen food Clarence Birdseye American

1925Television image dissectortube

Philo TaylorFarnsworth

American

1926 Aerosol can Erik Rotheim Norwegia


10/14

n

1926 Liquid-fuel rocketRobert HutchingsGoddard

American

1928 PenicillinSir Alexander

Fleming

British

1930 Bathysphere(Charles) WilliamBeebe

American

1930Freon (low-boiling fluorinecompounds)

Thomas Midgleyand coworkers

American

1930 Modern gas-turbine engine Sir Frank Whittle British

1930Neoprene (syntheticrubber)

Father JuliusArthur Nieuwlandand Wallace Hume

Carothers

American

1931 CyclotronErnest OrlandoLawrence

American

1931Differential analyzer(analogue computer)

Vannevar Bush American

1932 Phase contrast microscope Frits Zernike Dutch

1932 Van de Graaff generatorRobert JemisonVan de Graaff

American

1933Frequency modulation

(FM)

Edwin Howard

ArmstrongAmerican

1935 Buna (synthetic rubber) German scientists German

1935 Radiolocator (radar)Sir Robert Watson-Watt

British

1935 CortisoneEdward CalvinKendall

Tadeus Reichstein

AmericanSwiss

1935 Electron microscope German scientists German1935 Sulfanllamide Gerhard Domagk German

1935 Nylon Wallace HumeCarothers

American

1936 Twin-rotor helicopter2 Heinrich Focke German

1937 SnowmobileArmandBombardier

Canadian

1938 Ballpoint pen Georg and Hungaria


11/14

Ladislao Biro n1939 DDT Paul Mller Swiss1939 Helicopter3 Igor Sikorsky American

1940 BetatronDonald William

KerstAmerican

1941 Turbojet aircraft engine Sir Frank Whittle British

1942 Guided missileWernher vonBraun

German

1942 Nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi American1942 Xerography Chester Carlson American

1944V-2 (rocket-propelledbomb)

German scientists German

1945 Atomic bomb

U.S. government

scientists American1945 Streptomycin

Selman A.Waksman

American

1946 Electronic digital computerJohn PresperEckert, Jr., and

John W. MauchlyAmerican

1947 Holography Dennis Gabon English1947 Chlormycetin Mildred Rebstock American

1947 Polaroid Land camera

Edwin Herbert

Land American1947 Bathyscaphe Auguste Piccard Swiss1947 Microwave oven Percy L. Spencer American1948 Scintillation counter Hartmut Kallmann German

1948 Aureomycin

Benjamin MingeDuggar andChandra BoseSubba Row

American

1948 Transistor

John Bardeen,

Walter HouserBrattain, andWilliam Shockley

American

1949 Ramjet airplane Ren Leduc French

1950 Color televisionPeter CarlGoldmark

American


12/14

1952 Hydrogen bombU.S. governmentscientists

American

1952Bubble chamber (nuclearparticle detector)

Donald ArthurGlaser

American

1953 Maser Charles Townes American

1954 Solar batteryBell TelephoneLaboratoryscientists

American

1954 Polio vaccine Jonas Salk American

1955 Synthetic diamondsGeneral Electricscientists

American

1955 Carbon dating W.F. Libby American

1955 Optical fibersNarinder S.

KapanyIndian

1956 HovercraftChristopherCockerell

English

1956First prototype rotaryengine

Felix Wankel German

1956 VideotapeCharles GinsbergRay Dolby

American

1957Sodium-cooled atomicreactor

U.S. governmentscientists

American

1957 Artificial earth satellite USSR governmentscientists Soviet

1958 Communications satelliteU.S. governmentscientists

American

1959 Integrated circuitJack KilbyRobert Noyce

American

1960 Laser

Charles HardTownes, Arthur L.Schawlow, and

Gordon Gould

American

1960 Chlorophyll synthesizedRobert BurnsWoodward

American

1960 Birth-control pillGregory Pincus,

John Rock, andMin-chueh Chang

American

1962 Light-emitting diode (LED) Nick Holonyak, Jr. American


13/14

1964 Liquid-crystal display George Heilmeier American1965 Kevlar technology Stephanie Kwolek American

1966Artificial heart (leftventricle)

Michael EllisDeBakey

American

1966 Tunable dye laser Mary Spaeth American1967 Human heart transplant

ChristiaanNeethling Barnard

SouthAfrica

1970First complete synthesis ofa gene

Har GobindKhorana

American

1971 Microprocessor Ted Hoff American

1971Nuclear magneticresonance imaging

RaymondDamadian

American

1972Electronic pocket

calculator

J.S. Kilby and J.D.

MerrymanAmerican

1972Firstmagnetohydrodynamicpower generator

USSR governmentscientists

Soviet

1973Skylab orbiting spacelaboratory

U.S. governmentscientists

American

1974Recombinant DNA (geneticengineering)

U.S. scientists American

1975CAT (computerized axial

tomography) scanner

Godfrey N.

HounsfieldBritish

1975 Fiberoptics Bell Laboratories American

1976 SupercomputerJ.H. Van Tasseland Seymour Cray

American

1978Synthesis of human insulingenes

Roberto Crea,Tadaaki Hirose,Adam Kraszewski,and Keiichi Itakura

American

1978Mammal to mammal genetransplants

Paul Berg, Richard

Mulligan, andBruce Howard American

1979 Compact discJoop SinjouToshi Tada Doi

DutchJapanese

1979 Genetic flaw repaired inmouse cells byrecombinant DNA and

W. FrenchAnderson andcoworkers

American


14/14

micromanipulationtechniques

1981

Space transportation

system (space shuttle)

NationalAeronautics and

SpaceAdministrationengineers

American

1982 Artificial heart Robert K. Jarvik American

1983Scanning tunnelingmicroscope

Gerd BinnigHeinrich Rohrer

GermanSwiss

1986High-temperaturesuperconductors

J. Georg BednorzKarl A. Mller

GermanSwiss

1992 Magnetic boat Yoshiro Saji Japanese

Notes

1) An impractical prototype that was never widely used.

2) Both rotors operated on a horizontal plane.

3) One rotor operated on a horizontal plane to provide lift,while another rotor operated on a vertical plane to counterthe torque generated by the first rotor.

danh muc ten phatminh

Documents