dan lutgen rancho bernardo high school dlutgen@powayusd
DESCRIPTION
Mexican Revolution via Murals 1750-1914. Dan Lutgen Rancho Bernardo High School [email protected]. Teotihuacan. Mexican Revolution via Murals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• Dan Lutgen
• Rancho Bernardo High School
Mexican Revolution via Murals1750-1914
Mexican Revolution via Murals•As early as 1000 BCE – Toltecs, Aztecs and Maya adorned temples and public
building with murals. Murals told stories of everyday life (Mexican Realism).
•Post-Spanish invasion = Christian murals
•Mexican Revolution = native Mexican culture again
Teotihuacan
1345 Aztecs built Tenochtitlan at Lake Texcoco
Snake on cloth represents Quetzalcoatl- goddess of creation
The city was an important religious center filled with pyramids topped with temples
Slave laborer is identified by simple loin cloth
Mountains and lake provide natural defense of city
Importance of family as mother carries child in rebozo
What raw materials would be used to create mats?
Aztecs called
themselves Mexica
Moctezuma II 1502
Petates, or mats, were woven out of reed
Tenochtitlan Marketplace by Diego Rivera
Spanish Conquest
Hernan Cortes 1519
Aztecs surrender 1521
Winged angel shows partnership of Church and Cortes
Cortes is carrying an iron sword – resting on dismembered bodies of Aztec victim
Aztecs had no metal to match iron’s strength
Fire in background represents widespread destruction of Spanish soldiers and smallpox.
What is this?
Cortes is a machine… symbolic of European technology
Conquest by Jose Orozco
Small pox decimated Aztecs
United Streaming European Rule video clip under Mexican Rev
Absorption of the Indian by Jose Orozco
White European, Hernan Cortes, sits with an Indian woman, Malinche.
Symbolic of mixing of two groups to create mestizo people.
Mestizo make up majority of Mexicans today
Dead mestizo shows unhappiness and ill-treatment of mestizo
Partnership
Yet, restraint – many Mexicans consider Mayan Malinche a traitor
Legend: Malinche was given to Cortes as a translator – later they produced a son
Colonial Domination by Diego RiveraCross, Spanish flag and sword represent colonization
Cuauhtemoc, last Aztec emperor, bowing to conquistadors
Conquistadores use branding iron to brand Indian slave
Brutal labor of gold mines
Yoked to plow
Bag of goldDescribe the European faces…
Euro faces drawn as animals
Huge land grants given to Spanish - encomiendas
Rivera attempted to summarize 300 years
Total Indian population fell from 25 million to 1 million by 1700
United Streaming Mexican independence clip
Fight for Liberty by Jose Orozco
Mexican Independence
1810-1821
Father Hidalgo (killed 1811) against Spanish rule
Color red – death and violence
Masses of people – popularity of independence movement among Indians and mestizos.
Priest’s collar and cross – role of Church in rebellion
What do you think a fiery machete represent?
Machete is symbol of agriculture and fire is revolt.
Hidalgo and Father Morelos both executed during war by Mexican creoles (Spanish decedents)
Creole Agustin Iturbide then lead independence from Spain, but without reforms of masses
Criollos – Spanish descent
United Steaming video Mexican Revolution
Juaraz 1831-1872 and the Fall of the Empire by Jose Orozco
Juarez - Zapotec Indian - first to bring legitimate reforms to MexicoMexican flag – patriotism of middleclass
Violent colors
Control of Church
Machetes in hands of peasants
1862 – Mexico conquered by France (Napoleon III). Archduke Maximilian of Austria became
Emperor of Mexico. Cinco de Mayo = Mexican victory, though French eventually won war.
Juarez leadership came against European intrusion from Spain and France
1867- Juarez conquered Mexico City and executed Maximillian Then continued his reforms until his death in 1872
1855 – overthrew dictator Santa Anna, began reforms
Repression – History and Perspective of Mexico
Repression during rule of Porfirio Diaz (34 year rule)
Note force used to control farmers (land fell into hands of huge hacienda owners).
Sickle represents farm workers
Government forces on horse heavily loaded with weapons
1876 Diaz came to power – dictator for 34 years.
Welcomed foreign investors
Police enforced Diaz’ laws
Revolution against Porfirian (Porfirio Diaz) Dictatorship 1911 unseated Diaz
Peasants lost lands and were forced to work on large haciendas for little wage – conditions near slavery
Government forces used to coerce the farm hands to work.
Peasants responded by rebelling against government.
The Trench by Jose Orozco
Mexican Revolution
By 1910, dissatisfaction of Diaz regime lead to open revolt.
“Viva la Revolucion”
Three soldiers mirroring the Christian Trinity, add religious element to the movement
The carbines and rifle reinforce the atmosphere of revolution
Red – violent and bloody nature of 10-year long revolution
Sharp angles of bodies inject drama
Land Distribution by Diego Rivera
Most tangible result of revolution was the redistribution of hacienda land to landless
1917 Constitution guaranteed lands and factory workers protection
Nation Culture changed as Zapata and Madero became heroes.
1910 – 2% owned land
1940 – 33% owned land (President Lazaro Cardenas)
Madero became president 1911
•1913 – Madero was assassinated
•Revolts against the new president, Gernal Huerta (died in jail of liver failure 1816) came from caudillos (strongmen) Emiliano Zapata and Pacho Villa (assassinated 1923).
•1920 Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) ruled Mexico from 1920 - 2000
Mural by Diego Rivera showing aunified Mexican society
Baile en Tehuantepec, 1928 Diego Rivera painting showing
indigenism