damage assessment operating guide - official · pdf filedamage assessment . operating guide ....

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

Operating Guide

An Attachment to the ESF 14 – Recovery - Damage Assessment Plan

Cleburne County EOP Cleburne County, Alabama

January 2011

Damage Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS

C lebur ne C ounty 3 J anuar y, 2011

Table of Contents

i. PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................................................... 4 ii. POLICIES. ........................................................................................................................................... 4 iii. SITUATIONS. ................................................................................................................................ 4 iv. CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS. ................................................................................................... 4

A. Initial Damage Assessment (IDA). ................................................................................................. 4 B. Damage Assessment Team (DAT) Operations. .............................................................................. 6 C. Consolidation of Damage Assessment Data. .................................................................................. 6 D. Training Program ............................................................................................................................ 7 E. Damage Assessment Phases. .......................................................................................................... 9

v. TABS. ................................................................................................................................................ 21 A. Damage Assessment Organizational Chart. .................................................................................. 21 B. Field Assessment Teams (FAST) Operating Guide. ..................................................................... 23 C. Example Impact Statement. .......................................................................................................... 27 D. Damage Assessments (DAT) Standard Operating Guide ............................................................. 29 E. Phase 4: State/Federal Damage Assessment Teams (S/F-DATs) ................................................ 37 F. ATC-20-2 Inspection Procedure. .................................................................................................. 41 G. Job Action Guides. ........................................................................................................................ 45 H. Functional Aids. ............................................................................................................................ 51 I. Damage Assessment Team Equipment List. (ATC 20-2) .......................................................... 115 J. Field Safety for Damage Assessment Teams.............................................................................. 117 K. Critical Facilities Inventory (CFI). ............................................................................................. 119 L. Guidance for Owners and Occupants of Damaged Buildings (Appendix A; ATC 20-2) .......... 120

Damage OPERATING GUIDE Assessment

4 C lebur ne C ounty J anuar y, 2011

I . PUR POSE .

This Standard Operating Guide (SOG) explains the process of activation, assignment, deployment, and operation of Initial Damage Assessment (IDA) Teams to efficiently and as accurately as possible document damage in the Cleburne County area. This will assist in determining the need for federal disaster assistance.

I I . POL I C I E S.

In Cleburne County, damage assessment is accomplished in four (4) phases:

1. Spot Reporting: Initial information as to the nature and extent of a disaster event.

2. Field Assessment Teams (FAST): Takes place within hours after an incident and focuses on identifying lifesaving needs, imminent hazards, identifying damages and impacts.

3. Local Damage Assessment: Identifies and fixes dollar amounts to damages.

4. State/Federal Damage Assessment: Includes a detailed inspection of damage to individual sites by state/federal personnel.

I I I . SI T UAT I ONS.

A. Pre-planning for damage assessment is an ongoing process. Procedures and teams must be in place before the disaster event occurs. Successful damage assessment begins immediately and continues through the recovery phase. Damage assessment is conducted separately from life saving and property protection operations.

B. The goal of a damage assessment system is to quickly and efficiently collect, analyze, and summarize data about damages resulting from an emergency or disaster event. Information is gathered to: 1. Identify the needs of victims.

2. Describe and document the type, extent, and location of damages for emergency decision making

purposes at all levels of government.

3. Establish disaster recovery priorities and the type and quantity of resources and personnel required during recovery.

4. Determine the need for, and type of State and Federal disaster assistance to ensure Cleburne County’s

short and long-term needs are met.

C. Damage assessment is not a single event. It is a system comprised of distinct activities conducted at different times and for different purposes after disaster impact.

I V . C ONC E PT S OF OPE R AT I ONS.

A. Initial Damage Assessment (IDA). 1. An IDA provides vital information to the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) enabling efficient

Damage Assessment OPERATING GUIDE


direction of resources to the areas most in need and effectively reducing the impact of the disaster on businesses and residences in Cleburne County.

2. A timely and accurate IDA gives the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA) the

necessary data to determine if disaster damage exceeds available resources. County and State senior leadership can decide if the event is of sufficient severity to warrant a request for federal disaster assistance.

3. Within 12 hours of the disaster, it will be the responsibility of EOC Planning Section to develop a

Damage Assessment Overview (DAO).

4. This DAO will be completed quickly and is intended to be an overview estimation of areas within the County that have sustained damage and will need to be surveyed to determine the extent of damage (Windshield Survey).

5. The DAO will be compiled using information from a variety of sources and may not necessitate on-

site visits by EOC staff. Information used to compile the DAO will come from reports and logs of Law Enforcement/Fire Rescue/EMS, and 911 calls. Additional information may come from the American Red Cross (ARC), Alabama Power, National Weather Service, media reports and the EOC Public Information Officer (PIO).

6. Cleburne County EMA maintains an up-to-date Critical Facilities Inventory (CFI), which includes airports, schools, hospitals, sewage and water treatment facilities, nursing homes and bridges. These facilities may be contacted to identify damage sustained by them, if any. Based on the report from the critical facilities, Detail Assessment Teams will be dispatched for an in-depth safety review. Cleburne County Information Services will maintain the CFI of facilities identified on a GIS map layer.

7. EOC Planning Section may decide to do a windshield survey of affected areas to clarify damage

reports. A windshield survey is accomplished by driving through the affected areas and observing the extent of damage to homes, businesses and public buildings or infrastructures. This survey is intended to assess the broad scope of the damage. (This should be completed in the first few hours of the event.)

8. EOC staff will use EMITS to communicate damage assessment information to AEMA.

9. DAO is used to identify a “footprint” of locally damaged areas that will need to be prioritized and

assessed in more detail through a house-by-house, street-by-street damage assessment. Based on reports from critical facilities, Detail Assessment teams will be dispatched for an in-depth safety review. This will comprise the IDA process and yield the data necessary to determine if a request by County and State senior leadership members for federal disaster assistance is warranted.

10. EOC Planning Section may request a flyover to observe and photograph damaged or inaccessible

areas. This will assist in prioritizing areas needing an IDA. This near real time data can be transmitted to the EOC via radio/video streaming. In the event the flyover identifies severe and widespread damage, this information could be used to justify a request for an immediate Presidential declaration.

11. DA information is sent to AEMA through the EOC Manager, by way of a Situation Report (SITREP), after analysis and consolidation. EOC staff will monitor the situation, using GIS to predict areas of probable damage, and will pass this information to the DATs in a DAO. EOC Planning Section will use the SITREP’s, GIS mapping and any other data to prioritize affected areas needing an IDA.



B. Damage Assessment Team (DAT) Operations.

1. If an event is expected to cause severe damage, emergency management can pre-deploy the DAT to

areas where the anticipated disaster and damage is expected. This may facilitate a more timely and accurate Damage Assessment (DA).

2. EOC Planning Section may recommend to the EOC Management Section that the DAT’s activate and

pre-deploy immediately (when safe to do so) to perform an IDA of damaged and prioritized areas. EOC Planning Section will contact American Red Cross (ARC) and other appropriate agencies, as well as designated County/City personnel and instruct them to assemble personnel to staff the DAT’s. EOC Planning Section may activate to brief and deploy additional DAT’s as the situation warrants and personnel are available.

3. The IDA will be a cooperative effort by DATs, composed of a minimum of 2 people:

A County/City representative, an ARC representative and other representatives, as required or available, will perform this joint DA effort. This coordination will ensure adequate personnel and reduce duplicative assessments, the number of people and groups asking disaster victims the same or similar questions.

4. Team Leader Responsibilities.

• Monitor overall performance and appropriate conduct. • Assignment of roles to team members. • Provide accurate and timely assessment of damage levels (hard copy or electronic). • Maintain communications with EOC. • Plan routes to, through, and from damage assessment sites.

5. DAT personnel will assemble at the EOC for briefing by EOC Planning Section and to receive team assignments. DAT briefings may also be conducted over the radio if pre-deployed.

6. DAT Team Equipment Kits (TEK) will be initially inventoried and issued by EOC Logistic Section.

Once issued, team members will be responsible for security of the kits. TEKs will be stored at the EOC. DATs will review the TEK checklist prior to departure to the field. DATs are responsible for proper use of all equipment.

C. Consolidation of Damage Assessment Data.

1. All DATs will report to the EOC with all collected damage assessment data. EOC Planning Section

will be responsible for consolidating data into the WebEOC database. 2. GIS Layers.

The consolidated database may be translated into a GIS map to identify the affected areas and the degree of damage to each of these areas. • MINOR DAMAGE - areas indicated in Yellow. • MAJOR DAMAGE - areas indicated in Orange. • DESTROYED - areas indicated in Red.



3. Data Analysis. The EOC Management and Planning Sections will review and analyze the data to verify individual damage assessments are consistent. If inconsistencies are identified, the DAT responsible for the data in question will be consulted. Reassessment may be requested.

4. The data will be forwarded to all appropriate agencies where an estimated dollar amount of damages

to specific areas, including costs for damage to structures, contents, business losses, and public infrastructures. A total dollar amount for the disaster event will also be estimated. (See Tab H, Section 25; Calculations of Amount of Damage for method of estimating total dollar lost.)

5. The EOC Management Section will review the data and total dollar estimate of all damages and

provide information to AEMA. County and State senior leadership will make a recommendation to seek a Federal Declaration of a Major Disaster or an Emergency. IDA data will be used to structure a joint Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) with FEMA and AEMA.

D. Training Program

When disaster strikes the EOC needs to deploy DATs to rapidly assess damage. There must be a pool of personnel thoroughly trained and properly equipped to do the job. Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) will provide initial and refresher training to personnel ensuring a cadre of qualified personnel.

1. At a minimum, approximately 26 personnel are to be trained for DATs and may include the

following: • Six (2) from Cleburne County Property Appraisers Office. • Six (6) from Cleburne County Engineers Office. • Four (4) from other municipalities. • Six (2) from American Red Cross. • Twelve (12) from Volunteer Fire Departments.

2. A DAT training invitation will be sent to any municipality or state agency that may send personnel to

assist Cleburne County EMA in DA.

3. All DAT members should consider having current inoculations for Diphtheria/Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Measles/Mumps/Rubella, Polio and a current TB Test.

4. DAT training will cover, at a minimum, the following:

• Overview on damage assessment and DATs. • What is DA. • Why do DA. • What is DA data used for. • How are DATs staffed. • What is the mission/responsibility of the DATs. • What are the roles of the DAT members.

5. The Federal Response and assistance.

• Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA). • Federal Disaster Declaration Process.



• Federal Disaster Assistance.

6. Review of this SOG. • IDA Concepts and Principles. • Standardized process to complete IDA. • County centered and coordinated. • Joint IDA Teams. • Mutual cooperation among all agencies. • Damage Assessment Overview (DAO). • DAT activation and briefing of assignments. • Team Equipment Kits (TEK) will be reviewed to include explanations of and the purpose for

each item. • DAT deployment, communications, and field operations. • Safety in the field. • Contact with the public and media. • Recovery brochures. • Operation of the Laptop Computers. • Basic operation, moving through programs and menus, and entering data.

7. Damage Assessment Data Base.

Instruct DAT members on how to create and access damage assessment reports or the backup method if an automated system is not available.

8. Estimating Damage.

Practical guidance will be given with the goal of establishing consistent standards among all DAT personnel. The damage levels (on a scale from 1 to 10) for estimating damage will be reviewed including damage description, things to look for in evaluating a structure, water level assessment guidance when flooding is involved. Category differences of FEMA and ARC damage levels. Estimating structure contents damage, and the formula to determine the dollar amounts. With students arranged into simulated DATs, practical exercises in assessment of damage will be conducted. DATs will be provided with written descriptions and photographs of damaged properties. Students will assess damage as a team, decide on a damage level, estimate the dollar amount of damage, and enter all data on the assessment into the appropriate database. After the assessment of each property, one DAT will explain to the class their reasoning concerning the assessment made of the property. The instructor will then provide the “textbook” answer for that exercise property.

9. Global Positioning System (GPS).

The complete operation of the GPS units will be reviewed so that Latitude and Longitude coordinates for assessment sites can be obtained.

10. Brief the students concerning the various communications equipment utilized by the DATs.

11. Briefing by EOC Public Information Officer (PIO).



• Dealing with the media and the public in the field. • The types of questions the media or public might ask of the DATs and what to expect from the

media. • How the DATs should answer questions from the media and public. • To whom should the media and public be referred for more detailed answers to their questions?

12. Recovery brochures, their content and distribution.

E. Damage Assessment Phases. The ability of local governments to perform damage assessment quickly and accurately is critical to providing an adequate local government response for life-threatening situations and imminent hazards. Coordinated and timely assessments allow local governments to prioritize response activities, allocate resources, request mutual aid, and request state/federal assistance. Cleburne County EMA’s damage assessment system consists of the following phases (See Flowchart at the end of this section).

1. Phase 1: Spot reports by citizens, media, and emergency responders. This is a quick snap shot of the

event.

a. During the first few hours following the occurrence of disaster, the EMA Duty Officer will be the focal point for the initial spot reports from the emergency responders, 911 dispatch centers, the media, and the general public.

Key information as to the nature and extent of the disaster and a description of the affected area allows the EMA Duty Officer to map, record, and direct response to critical areas.

b. Methods include Spot Reporting, and Initial Reports. Information may be obtained by radio and

telephone from emergency personnel on scene (rescue, law, fire, public works, home owners, businesses, etc).

c. Analysis includes identifying:

• Area(s) of impact. • Threatened area(s). • What has happened? • What needs to be done? • What is needed? • Status of emergency response to include personnel, equipment, supplies, vehicles,

communications, and facilities. • Estimates of dead, injured, and damages. • Number of people at risk. • Public protection actions taken. • Public protection actions needed.

2. Phase 2: Field Assessment Teams (FAST) activated.

a. Local FAST Teams are activated to provide a quick overview of what happened and to report



what happened as rapidly as possible to the Cleburne County EMA. b. These initial first impressions reports form the basis for emergency proclamations, and requests

for assistance from the state and federal government. c. Critical information includes: locations of injuries, deaths, damages; types and extent of damages;

impact on people; local resources available; and assistance needed. This information will be communicated to the EMA Duty Officer or EOC, who will put entries into WebEOC.

Methods include:

• Windshield Assessment/Survey: FAST teams drive through all affected areas visually

gathering data. • Aerial Inspection (Fly Over): Weather permitting, aircraft are utilized for initial FAST

assessments, and later for more detailed assessments. Input can be written observer logs, photos, or video.

d. The EOC Situation Analysis Unit will:

• Collect and analyze initial assessment and damage information to include:

− Locations of injuries, deaths, and damages. − Types and extent of damages. − Impact on people.

• Identify immediate victim needs (shelters, water availability, etc.). • Identify resource requirements in the effected areas. • Identify local resources availability. • Provide preliminary status reports required by state and federal governments to determine

eligibility for a Governor/Presidential Disaster Declaration. • Provide initial damage assessment data and information. • Prepare an initial situation map illustrating the footprint (location, size, etc.) of the affected

area to aid in deploying response and recovery resources. − The footprint may be revised several times during response until the full extent of the

impacted area is clearly identified. • Make recommendations as to actions to be taken based on the assessment information. • Provide a consolidated, overall situation report for responding agencies/departments. • Provide information necessary for Emergency Public Information.

e. Immediate analysis will include:

• A description of the disaster. • Where the disaster struck. • Approximate number of people affected. • Demographics of the affected area. • Whether the disaster is still occurring and other current conditions. • Any conditions that could affect the ability to carry out relief coordination.

3. Phase 3: Local Damage Assessment Teams (L-DATs) are activated to provide a detailed evaluation

of what happened.



a. The EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader coordinates with and directs L-DATs into specific

impact areas to gather data on the number of individual homes, apartments, mobile homes, businesses, public buildings, public infrastructure, critical facilities that have been damaged or destroyed.

Each local government should establish L-DATS. Cleburne County EMA will assist with training.

b. The L-DATs provide a more detailed assessment of the damaged areas which includes both Rapid Evaluation Survey and Detail Assessment Surveys.

They’re responsibilities include the following:

• Identify addresses for each damaged building or structure. • Estimate the extent of damage to each building or structure: destroyed, major, or minor. • Rate the safety of damaged buildings and structures, and post signage. • Determine type of debris and estimate amounts.

c. Methods include:

• Walking through the area, block by block and street by street. • Detailed engineers reviews and reports. • Obtaining a more detailed assessment of the damaged area through telephone or personal

interviews. • Use of media reports (print, video).

d. Analysis includes:

• Number of people killed or injured. • Exact locations of impacts, damages, and debris. • Number of displaced persons. • Determination of structural integrity and posting of building conditions.

− Inspected –LAWFUL OCCUPANCY PERMITTED (Green in color): No apparent hazard found, although repairs may be required.

− Restricted (Yellow in color): The following information is to be completed on the form by DAT members only.

This structure has been inspected and found to be damaged as described below, or Entry, occupancy and lawful use are restricted as indicated below.

− Unsafe – DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY (Red in color): Extreme hazard may collapse. Imminent danger of collapse. Unsafe for occupancy or entry, except by authorities.

• Extent of the disaster impact and the dollar amount of damages (necessary for state, and federal assistance application).

e. Documentation includes:



• Photos. • Video. • News articles. • Written estimates. • Records of expenditures. • Estimated economic impact.

f. The EOC Damage Assessment Unit will transfer data onto FEMA forms in preparation for the arrival of State and Federal Damage Assessment Teams (S/F-DATSs) as appropriate.

g. Impact statements are to be completed by the EOC Planning Section and sent to Alabama

Emergency Management Agency (AEMA).

4. Phase 4: State and Federal Damage Assessment Teams (S/F-DATs).

a. Because federal funding may be involved, and as a part of the public assistance process, state and federal damage assessment teams will want to identify and validate damaged property in public infrastructure, define the scope of repairs, and determine repairs or replacement costs. A timely and well managed EMA damage assessment will demonstrate Cleburne County leadership, and will enable the state/federal assessments teams to do their job in a timely manner, maximizing public assistance benefits.

b. Roll of the EOC Damage Assessment Unit.

• Provide personnel to assist with damage assessment. • Ensures that escorts are provided for state and federal teams when inspecting affected areas. • Develops maps of affected areas. (Ensure that sites are numbered on the maps.) • Prioritize sequence of site visitations to ensure most heavily damaged area are visited. It may

not be necessary to visit isolated damage sites. 5. Responsibilities.

a. Local Government.

Local governments are encouraged to develop their own procedures to guide their initial response to emergency events occurring within their jurisdiction. Responsibilities that a local government cannot fulfill can be deferred to the Cleburne County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). Local governments are encouraged to consider the following in their emergency planning efforts: • Cleburne County EMA is the lead agency responsible for organization direction and control,

and mobilization and coordination of resources during emergencies. Each local government should identify a point of contact for implementation.

• Initiate response to emergencies and activate a local on-scene command post as necessary. • Establish and maintain contact with EMA; request CAT or EOC support. • Develop and maintain a local emergency plan/procedures. • Provide adequate communications capabilities. • Maintain a constant schedule of training, testing, and maintenance: manpower, equipment,

supplies.



b. Cleburne County EMA.

• Designated by the Cleburne County Commission to serve as lead agency for direction,

control and coordination of emergencies and disasters occurring within Cleburne County. • Ensures development of and maintains the County Comprehensive Emergency Management

Plan (CEMP). • Provides coordination among local, state, federal, private and volunteer organizations. • Maintains liaison with neighboring jurisdictions. • Identifies and maintains all necessary human services facilities for emergency use. • Ensures a functional EOC. • Monitors the situation for CAT or EOC activation. • Activates CAT/EOC, when necessary. • Advises elected officials, departments and agencies of government and other non-government

relief agencies regarding the nature, the magnitude, and effects of the emergency. • Prepares Emergency Proclamations with the Cleburne County Commission. • Coordinates requests for emergency assistance. • Ensures that the Emergency Alert System (EAS) is functional. • Establishes and maintains a public information center within the EOC.

− Develops and maintains appropriate current emergency public information material in support of emergency public protection actions.

− Disseminates emergency information and instructions to the general public, and coordinates implementing actions of departmental public information officers.

• Maintains a county-wide comprehensive damage and needs assessment system. • Develops and maintains a current personnel roster for EOC staffing. • Provides updates to EOC staff. • Reviews this CEMP annually and updates as necessary. The update shall take into account

changes identified by tests, exercises and actual events. • Forwards CEMP updates and changes to all organizations and individuals identified as

having responsibility for implementation.

c. State. If local capabilities are exceeded, and a local emergency has been declared, state government agencies can augment assistance to local government to meet the emergency needs of victims during declared emergencies/disasters. Requests for state assistance are processed through the Cleburne County EMA. Documentation showing disaster impacts is vital to the requests for state and federal assistance. As a minimum a request for assistance should include the following:

• Type of disaster. • Time the disaster occurred or threatens to occur. • Actions already taken. • Areas and number of people affected. • Estimates of loss of life and extent of damage. • Type and amount of assistance needed.

The Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA) receives and coordinates requests for



state assistance. The Governor may declare a state of emergency to authorize use of state resources. Additionally, AEMA may activate the state EOC to coordinate state and federal resources in support of the Cleburne County EMA.

d. Federal.

Federal government agencies can provide supplemental assistance to local and state government to meet the emergency needs of victims during declared emergencies/disasters. Requests for federal assistance are processed through AEMA. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) receives and coordinates requests for federal assistance. The President may make a disaster declaration to authorize use of federal resources.

6. Recovery. a. General Recovery Functions.

(1). Damage Assessment. Two different types of joint local, state and federal preliminary damage

assessment occur: Assessment of damage to homes and businesses; Assessment of damage to public infrastructure, special districts and private nonprofit organizations. Engineers with the public assessment team are able to provide information on preventive (mitigation) work to do during repair. Damage assessment is performed for management purposes, to obtain a disaster declaration, and to inform the public.

(2). Requesting Federal Assistance. • Based on a joint federal and state preliminary damage assessment (PDA) that the ability

to recover is beyond local and state capability, the Governor may request federal assistance through a Presidential Declaration. Request packages are prepared by the Alabama Emergency Management Agency from the damage assessment data.

• Other requests may be made to federal agencies under their own authority from existing

or emergency programs, such as the U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA) or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Governor's request for assistance from federal agencies under their own authorities from existing or emergency programs is transmitted directly to the agency or agency administrator involved. The specific assistance, if declared, is then provided directly from the federal agency.

• The request made to the President through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for assistance under the authority of Public Law (PL) 93-288, as amended by PL 100-707, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988, as amended, will be for an "emergency" or "major disaster" declaration. − If the President denies federal assistance, the cost of recovery would be borne by local

and state governments. − If the request is approved by the President and an "emergency" declaration is made,

limited assistance will be provided per PL 93-288, as amended. See Section C in this Annex.

− If the request is approved by the President and a "major disaster" declaration is made, a federal-state agreement on commitment and assistance is agreed upon, and various assistance programs are provided.



(3). Recovery Facilities.

• A Disaster Field Office (DFO) is established to facilitate federal-state coordination of

private and public disaster assistance. The Governor appoints (or has previously appointed) a “Governor’s Authorized Representative (GAR)” to work in partnership with federal officials and to represent the state’s interests. The President appoints a federal coordinating officer (FCO) to coordinate federal assistance and requests the Governor to designate a state coordinating officer (SCO). The SCO coordinates state and local efforts, working closely with the FCO.

• Disaster Recovery Centers (DRCs) may be established to manage the cooperative effort between the local, state, and federal government for the benefit of disaster victims (individuals, families and small businesses). Agencies and organizations offering assistance provide representatives to the DRC where Damage Assessment System disaster victims, through an "entrance/exit interview" process, may receive information and referral to the specific agencies/organizations that can best meet their needs. Application for assistance should initially be made through the national tele-registration hot-line (1-800-462-9029 or TDD 1-800-462-7585). FEMA, state and local emergency management will jointly determine the locations, dates and times for the operation of the DRCs.

7. Two Types of Federal Assistance.

a. ASSISTANCE UNDER A DECLARATION OF "EMERGENCY" is specialized assistance to

meet a specific need and is generally limited to those actions which may be required to save lives and protect property, public health, safety, or to lessen the threat of a more severe disaster. (Note: Under 44 CFR, subpart E, a five (5) million dollar cap for debris removal and emergency management measures.) Examples of emergency assistance are: • Emergency mass care, such as emergency shelter, emergency provision of food, water,

medicine, and emergency medical care. • Clearance of debris to save lives and protect property and public health and safety. • Emergency protective measures, including: Search and rescue; Demolition of unsafe

structures; Warning of further risks and hazards; Public information on health and safety measures; Other actions necessary to remove or to reduce immediate threats to public health and safety, to public property, or to private property when in the public interest.

• Emergency communications. • Emergency transportation. • Emergency repairs to essential utilities and facilities.

b. Assistance under a declaration of "MAJOR DISASTER" provides a wide range of assistance to

individuals and/or to local and state governments and certain non-profit organizations.

8. Human Services – Individual Assistance.

a. Individual Assistance Programs. • Temporary housing, until alternative housing is available, for disaster victims whose homes

are uninhabitable. Home repair funds for uninsured losses may be given to owner-occupants



in lieu of other forms of temporary housing assistance, so that families can quickly return to their damaged homes. Other forms of assistance include rental assistance up to 18 months and/or use of mobile homes.

• Disaster unemployment assistance and job placement assistance for those unemployed as result of a major disaster and who have used up their regular unemployment benefits.

• Individual and family grants of up to $30,300 (this amount is adjusted for inflation annually) to help meet disaster-related necessary expenses or serious needs when those affected are unable to meet such expenses or needs through other programs or other means. − Legal services to low-income families and individuals. − Crisis counseling and referrals to appropriate mental health agencies to relieve disaster-

caused mental health problems. − Loans to individuals, businesses, and farmers for repair, rehabilitation or replacement of

damaged real and personal property and some production losses not fully covered by insurance.

− Agricultural assistance, including technical assistance; payments covering a major portion of the cost to eligible farmers who perform emergency conservation actions on farmland damaged by the disaster; and provision of federally owned feed grain for livestock and herd preservation.

− Veteran’s assistance, such as death benefits, pensions, insurance settlements, and adjustments to home mortgages held by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) if a VA-insured home has been damaged.

− Tax relief, including held from the Internal Revenue Service in claiming casualty losses resulting from the disaster, and state tax assistance.

− Waiver of penalties for early withdrawal of funds from certain time deposits. − The Cora Brown Fund, to assist victims of natural disasters for those disaster-related

needs that have not been or will not be met by other programs.

b. Other programs can include: • Low Interest Deferred Payment Loan Program, available to home owners and rental property

owners for repair or reconstruction of real property damaged or destroyed in a natural disaster. Applicants must first exhaust insurance or all other federal and state disaster assistance in order to qualify.

• Housing and Urban Development Program, offered to low income applicants. Program will pay a percentage of rental costs for a maximum of eighteen months.

• Social Security Assistance, help in expediting delivery of checks delayed by the disaster, and in applying for social security disability and survivor benefits.

• Emergency Individual and Family Needs, emergency food, clothing, shelter, and medical assistance may be provided to individuals, families having such needs as a result of the disaster.

• Contractor's Licensing, guidance in obtaining licensed contractors to assist home owners in repair or restoration of damaged property.

• Insurance Information, advice to persons on insurance requirements, claims, and problems with settlement.

• Consumer Fraud Prevention, a program to obtain consumer advice, and to report consumer fraud and price gouging.

9. Infrastructure – Public Assistance.

a. The Public Assistance Program is intended to help repair or replace damaged/destroyed public



property and infrastructure. After a Presidential Disaster Declaration, the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA), and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) will join Cleburne County in determining the extent of damages and will conduct “Applicant’s Briefings” to clarify public assistance requirements, procedures, and eligible projects.

b. The federal government can provide a minimum of 75% of the funding for the recovery work that

FEMA rules as eligible. c. Request for Public Assistance (RPA). This form is the official notification to FEMA of the intent

to apply for Public Assistance funding. The form provides general identifying information, including the applicant’s name, address, primary and secondary contacts.

d. The State-Local Disaster Assistance Agreement. This agreement, signed by a representative of both

the AEMA and Cleburne County, stipulates the conditions under which the Public Assistance grant is administered.

e. Project Worksheets. The basis for Project funding is the "Project Worksheets" which identify the

damaged property, define the scope of work, and establish the cost of repair or replacement. These are prepared by a county/state/federal team. The Project Worksheets may be supported by engineers or contractor estimates, photographs, maps, and other appropriate data. The scope of work, as outlined on the Project Worksheet, is the guideline for determining eligibility.

f. Cleburne County responsibilities will include:

• Compiling a list of all sites where damage occurred. • Documenting all the damage. • Coordinating the damage survey team(s). • Reviewing and signing all Project Worksheets. • Selecting project funding options. • Project management. • Preparing reports and documentation. • Participating in final inspections. • Participating in audits. • Providing insurance for approved projects.

g. Other forms of Public Assistance which may be made available under a Presidential declaration

of a major disaster include: • Use of federal equipment, supplies, facilities, personnel, and other resources (other than the

extension of credit) from various federal agencies. • Community disaster loans, payment of school operating expenses, repairs to federal-aid

system roads, repairs to projects.

h. Federal requirements tied to financial assistance: • The Disaster Relief Act requires that an applicant, for assistance for the repair or restoration

of damaged public or private nonprofit facilities, shall purchase and maintain such insurance as may be reasonably available, adequate and necessary to protect such facilities against future loss.



• In addition, the applicant must comply with appropriate hazard mitigation, environmental protection, flood plain management and flood insurance regulations as a condition for receiving federal disaster assistance.

10. Overview of a Federal Disaster Operation.

This overview illustrates response and recovery actions Federal agencies likely will take to help State and local governments that are overwhelmed by a major disaster or emergency. Key operational components that could be activated include the Regional Operations Center (ROC), Emergency Response Team - Advance Element (ERTA), National Emergency Response Team (ERT-N), Emergency Support Team (EST), Emergency Response Team (ERT), Disaster Field Office (DFO), Catastrophic Disaster Response Group (CDRG), and Disaster Recovery Center (DRC).

a. FEMA’s National Emergency Coordination Center continually monitors potential disasters and

emergencies. When advance warning is possible, FEMA may deploy, and may direct Federal agencies to deploy liaison officers and personnel to a State Emergency Operations Center to assess the emerging situation. A ROC may be activated, fully or partially. Facilities, such as mobilization centers, may be established to accommodate personnel, equipment, and supplies.

b. Immediately after a disaster, local jurisdictions respond using available resources and notify State

response elements. As information emerges, they also assess the situation and request State assistance if needed. The State reviews the situation, mobilizes State resources, and informs the FEMA Regional Office of actions taken. The Governor declares a state of emergency, activates the State emergency operations plan, and requests a Presidential disaster declaration. The State and FEMA jointly conduct a Preliminary Damage Assessment to validate the State’s request and determine the kind of Federal assistance needed.

c. After the declaration, a ROC, staffed by regional personnel, coordinates initial regional and field

activities such as deployment of an ERT-A. The ERT-A assesses the impact of the event, gauges immediate State needs, and makes preliminary arrangements to set up operational field facilities. (If regional resources appear to be overwhelmed or if the event has potentially significant consequences, FEMA may deploy an ERT-N.)

d. An interagency EST, composed of Emergency Support Function (ESF) representatives and

FEMA support staff, carries out initial activation and mission assignment operations and supports the ROC from FEMA Headquarters.

e. A Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO), appointed by the FEMA Director on behalf of the

President, coordinates federal activities. The FCO works with the State Coordinating Officer to identify requirements.

f. The FCO heads the interagency ERT. The ERT works with the affected State and conducts field

operations from the DFO. ESF primary agencies assess the situation and identify requirements. Under FEMA mission assignments or their own authorities, agencies supply goods and services to help the State respond effectively.

g. The CDRG, composed of representatives from FRP signatory agencies, convenes at FEMA

Headquarters when needed to provide guidance and policy direction on coordination and operational issues. The EST supports the CDRG and coordinates with the ERT.



h. As immediate response priorities are met, recovery activities begin in the field. Federal and State agencies helping with recovery and mitigation convene to discuss State needs.

i. Tele-registration is activated and has a toll-free telephone number disaster victims can call to

apply for assistance. A toll-free disaster helpline is established to answer common questions. One or more DRCs may be opened where victims can obtain information about disaster assistance, advice, and counsel. The affected area is inspected to determine the extent of damage, and funds for approved assistance are obligated.

j. Concurrently, Applicant Briefings are conducted for local government officials and certain

private nonprofit organizations to inform them of available assistance and how to apply. Applicants must first file a Request for Public Assistance. Eligible applicants will then be notified and will define each project on a Project Worksheet, which details the scope of damage and a cost estimate for repair to a pre-disaster condition. The Project Worksheet will be used as the basis for obligating funds to the State for eligible projects.

k. Throughout response and recovery, mitigation staff at the DFO examines ways to maximize

mitigation measures. Hazard Mitigation Site Survey Teams contact local officials to identify potential projects and suggest which ones should be included in an early implementation strategy. The strategy, produced in cooperation with Federal, State, and local officials, focuses on viable opportunities to provide funds, technical assistance, and staff support to incorporate mitigation into the repair and replacement of damaged or destroyed housing and infrastructure.

l. As the need for full-time interagency coordination at the DFO ceases, the ERT plans for selective

release of Federal resources, demobilization, and closeout. Federal agencies then work directly with their grantees from their regional or headquarters offices to administer and monitor individual recovery programs, support, and technical services.


20 C lebur ne C ounty

J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally

Damage Assessment TABS


V . T AB S. A. Damage Assessment Organizational Chart.

Damage TABS Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



B. Field Assessment Teams (FAST) Operating Guide. 1. Purpose.

The purpose of this SOG is to describe the organization, concept of operations and logistical matters of the interdisciplinary local field assessment teams (FAST). They will be the first to go into an area that has been subjected to the impact of a disaster or other major weather event.

2. Situation and Assumptions.

a. Situation.

1). An initial damage estimate is critical to organization of recovery measures in the immediate

aftermath of a major disaster or storm. A quick determination is needed of where damage is, damage severity, the kinds of resources needed and where they are most needed. This initial damage estimate is also essential to obtaining a state or federal emergency declaration and to obtain external assistance from these sources. Factors that could hamper the rapid assessment are:

• Immediate post-impact over-flights of the impact areas may not be feasible due to

lingering severe weather and lack of daylight and other factors. • Road debris and downed power lines can hamper early rescue efforts. • Random reentry efforts can waste response capabilities, cause duplication of effort and

cause damage to critical utilities. • A variety of public and private organizations have valid reasons for early reentry to

impacted areas which can cause congestion gaining entry. • The routes that need to be opened and the critical facilities that need to be accessed first

can be identified in advance of any event and preplans developed. • There are few facilities where “stay-behind”, Field Assessment Team personnel can find

refuge and secure essential equipment during a major event. • Communications capabilities are likely to be seriously impaired for an unpredictable

period of time in the immediate aftermath of a major disaster or storm. This could interfere with dispatch of damage assessment teams and rescue units.

b. Assumptions.

Organizations with responsibilities in this SOG will perform as expected.

(1) Organization and Responsibilities

(a). Each of the FAST will have primary operational responsibilities within their own jurisdiction, or in a specified portion of the County area.

(b). Each of the FAST consists of at least two persons, four preferably from the following

organizations. Team members may be solicited from other organizations to suit the situation. Each member is to be outfitted by his organization with appropriate personal gear and mission equipment. (See Tab I_ for a list of recommended equipment.) The FAST team leader will be appointed from the members. Each member of the team represents unique professional and technical expertise.



J anuar y, 2008

• Law Enforcement. • Fire-Rescue/EMS. • Public Works. • Building Department. • Recreation and Parks. • RACES (Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services). • ARC.

(c). The roster of FAST members will be maintained by the JCEMA. It will be developed

from information supplied by the above participating agencies. It may not be possible for the organizations involved to list anyone other than the supervisor(s) who represent there team personnel. The FAST roster will be formally updated and distributed by the JCEMA to all FAST members. Roster changes made by participating organizations will be disseminated through the JCEMA as they occur. Full roster verification will be performed each time the FAST are activated.

(d). The JCEMA will coordinate an annual FAST training session(s) and at other times as the participants agree that additional training would be productive.

(e). Individual members of the FAST are required to provide their employer with a copy of their family emergency plan. When activated they are also required to bring to their designated assembly point at least one full change of clothing, rain gear and gloves, a flashlight and three days’ supply of food and water.

3. Concept of Operations.

a. General.

(1). The primary function of the FAST is to reenter an area impacted by a disaster, or other

serious weather event as soon as situation permits, to make an initial estimate of how bad the damage is, where the damage is, and what specific resources are needed and in what priority. It is expected that the FAST will be able to complete their prescribed tasks in 2 hours or less, (Windshield Survey) and then be withdrawn for possible assignments as escort to incoming response units or damage assessment teams.

(2). The routes to be checked by each of the FAST will be depicted on maps developed for each of the FAST areas and provided separate from this SOG. The FAST are to follow these pre-set instructions automatically as there may be no communications possible between the teams and the EOC immediately after the storm. The priorities and missions defined in these maps may be augmented in briefings for the FAST when they are activated and pre-positioned. These basic mission tasks may be modified post-impact by direction from the EOC once radio communications have been reestablished.

(3). FAST may assist the State Initial Assessment Teams, a function of the Alabama Emergency

Management Agency, if activated.

b. Pre-Event: The FAST will be activated and briefed when conditions indicate that it is likely they will be deployed.



(1). The briefing will normally take place by telephone, fax, or radio. (2). The briefing will include review of maps and mission, coordination and communications

specifics and issue of any additional maps and equipment such as the radios issued to facilitate communications within the teams.

(3). Whenever possible, FAST members will be alerted early enough for them to make necessary

arrangements for their families. (4). FAST will relocate to refuge facilities to secure equipment and conduct communications

checks within their team and with the EOC. c. Trans-Event: The FAST will remain in place until they see that it is safe for them to move out,

maintaining contact with the EOC by radio for as long as possible. d. Post-Event: Each FAST is organized to be a cohesive unit made up of specialized skills, which

gives the team exceptional capability for self-directed accomplishment of the common mission. Each team is therefore prepared to devise and execute a team plan suited to the situation encountered and to adjust that plan as circumstances warrant. Team activities will include the following in mission accomplishment.

• Upon event conclusion, as determined either by direct observation or as advised by the EOC

or other authority, the team will: − Start and maintain efforts to establish radio contact with the EOC until successful.

RACES radio operator should travel in the team chief vehicle. − Check personnel, vehicles and equipment for injuries and damage. − Finalize a plan to suit the situation, load equipment and start on designated route. Bypass

major obstacles as necessary to avoid delays. Make notes of damage sites, taking photographs to supplement notes and mark maps to show impacted areas where further action by follow-on forces will be needed.

− Keep the EOC advised of progress, delays and observations so that the EOC can begin to organize follow-on forces for rescue and recovery operations.

− When the mission is completed, assemble and account for all personnel and equipment, return to the initial assembly area or elsewhere as directed by the EOC, and prepare to brief EOC DAT and incoming rescue or recovery personnel.

− Team notes, mapping and photographs and debriefing of team members will be needed by the EOC.

− Team equipment and team members may be needed for further missions elsewhere. Team members are not to be released to other tasks until debriefed. The team chief or other team member may debrief all team members and collect team reports for presentation to the EOC.

− Team members will be assisted through the EOC to obtain status regarding their families and homes.

4. Logistics and Administration.

a. Tools and equipment-individual: All team members are to be equipped with the following items

and should wear heavy leather boots. (See Tab I for a list of additional recommended equipment.)



J anuar y, 2008

• Non-perishable food for at least 3 days. • Rain suit, hardhat, rubber gloves, leather gloves, ear protection, safety glasses, and flashlight

with spare batteries. • Medications and other personal items.

b. Team equipment: provided by members’ organizations as follows (per team). This list may be

modified as team experience is gained.

• Cellular phones and organizational radios to the extent feasible. • 1 still color camera, with film. • 2 pair field glasses, binoculars. • 1 video camcorder, if possible, (with tape and spare battery, ac inverter). • Radios for internal team communications. • Compass. • Team area map set (with markers), source: JCEMA.

c. Vehicles are to be furnished by FAST members’ organizations.

d. Administration of this SOG is the responsibility of the JCEMA.

e. Changes to this SOG will be made after consultation with the parties involved. All parties

involved are encouraged to identify improvements to this SOG.

f. Team equipment lists are subject to modification as recommended by team members. Unilateral changes by organizations are to be avoided as they may adversely affect the overall team mission.



C. Example Impact Statement. 1. Background.

Provide brief narrative description of pre-disaster conditions covering, where applicable, factors such as:

• General economic conditions in affected area(s). • Income level(s) of affected persons. • Special language or ethnic considerations. • Availability of vacant housing in the affected area(s) into which homeless people could be placed. • Extent, types and provisions of insurance to cover losses and description of uninsured damages. • Unemployment. • Other relevant factors.

2. Impact.

Provide a narrative description of impacts to document a clear picture of the magnitude and severity of the disaster as reflected by losses or damages, effects on state or local governments. The resultant hardships, economic and social consequences should be addressed. The following factors should be addressed only when applicable.

a. Significant effects on people.

• Deaths. • Injuries. • Missing persons. • Continuing public health and safety problems. • Extent of damages to homes. • Continuing occupancy of mass shelters. • Additional unemployment in the affected areas resulting from the major disaster. • Other significant personal property losses. • Extent types and provisions of insurance coverage of losses or damages (describe nature and

extent of uninsured damages).

b. Significant effects on local governments.

• Isolated families or communities. • Interruption of essential public services. • Search and rescue efforts. • Continuing public health and safety problems. • Extent, types and provisions of insurance coverage. • Loss of tax base. • Financial hardships. • Loss of governing capabilities (deaths or injuries to key officials, loss of records, etc.).

c. Significant effects on private, non-profit organizations (educational, utility, emergency, medical, or custodial care facilities.



J anuar y, 2008

d. Significant effects on businesses.

• Extent of disruption in services or closings. • Extent of insurance coverage. • Financial hardships. • Employees. • Losses or damages to facilities or inventories and their importance to the area.

e. Significant effects on agriculture.

• Major crop/livestock losses. • Extent of insurance. • Financial hardship. • Losses or damages to facilities and their importance to the area. • Outlook for future plantings.

3. Local Response.

a. Specific assistance provided by the local government(s) as a result of the incident (number of personnel, equipment, departments involved and days of utilization.

b. Details on other local resources which have been or will be used, if not described in detail in the

letter. Also indicate assistance provided by community or private volunteer organizations. Indicate disaster/emergency history within past 12 months.

c. Restrictions. Indicate resources which cannot be used due to any type of restrictions such as local

prohibitions or debt or borrowing limitations. Also indicate what steps have been taken by city/county officials to remove or avoid the impact of such restrictions.

d. Financial Data. Furnish information concerning the availability now of any local emergency fund

money or money from the city/county’s discretionary funds. Provide general fund balance and status of applicable budgets for damage involved.



D. Damage Assessments (DAT) Standard Operating Guide 1. Overview

The phrase damage assessment is used to describe several distinct activities conducted at different times and for different purposes after disaster impact. Each of these activities warrants individual discussion in some detail.

a. Situation Reporting.

This refers to the type of occurrence, types and extent of damage, and the impact on local governments the county occurs early in the emergency. This information is necessarily fragmentary and incomplete, but is required to determine the nature and extent of special assistance required. Situation reports are comprised of information obtained by spot reporting and information provided by FAST.

b. Damage Assessment.

(1). This occurs somewhat later in time and is a structured attempt to quantify overall damages to

property and the number of people injured or killed. Damage assessments are used to justify requests for gubernatorial and presidential disaster declarations. This phase consists of gathering preliminary estimates in dollars and general descriptions of the location, nature, and severity of the damage sustained by the public and private sectors. The following further defines the value of and actions associated with damage assessments.

(2). To support claims for public and private property losses under state and federal disaster

recovery programs, Cleburne County will conduct a detailed assessment of damage to both the public and private sector and submit reports to the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA). (Note: Requests for assistance must be accomplished by damage assessment information relative to eligible publicly-owned facilities).

(3). Damage assessment should be conducted using at the scene surveys by teams of qualified

local inspectors representing both the public and private sectors. Where required, these teams will be augmented by inspectors from appropriate state and federal agencies. Types of damage assessment include:

(a). Individual Assistance Damage Assessment Relates to estimates of damage to the private

sector and includes damages to homes, businesses, farms, possessions, and other improvements.

(b) Public Assistance Damage Assessment Involves damage to public buildings, facilities,

roads, bridges, sewer plants, etc. Public assistance is composed of emergency work and permanent restoration. Emergency work is defined as that necessary to save lives, protect public health and safety, and protect property. An example of emergency costs would be those associated with temporary facilities or temporary restoration of services. Permanent restoration is the cost associated with bringing a facility back to pre-disaster conditions.

(c). Building Inspections: This is a more thorough, professional evaluation of individual

building safety and habitability. It is conducted by local building officials.



J anuar y, 2008

(4). Damage Assessment Objectives.

(a). To determine nature/extent of damage for proper prioritization and resource allocation. (b). To provide information during or after an emergency or disaster and detailing the

situation, location, and extent and nature of damage. (c). To provide information to determine priorities and requirements for deployment of

resources and personnel in an affected area. (d). To determine need and types of federal/state assistance. (e). To document and support requests for assistance.

2. Organization.

a. Primary.

Primary responsibility for seeking and compiling damage assessment information resides with local Damage Assessment Teams, communications centers, officers of special districts, and the American Red Cross.

b. Support.

Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency is responsible for assuring that damage information is forwarded to the next level as rapidly and accurately as possible. In particular, the following agencies will provide rapid damage assessment figures in their given areas of expertise: Public Works Departments, Building Departments, Police and Fire Departments, schools, and health and social service agencies. Private sector representatives will also be used to support the collection of damage assessment information. These may include:

• Chamber of Commerce and other business or industrial associations (collect, assemble, mad

provide information on the effects of the disaster on local businesses). • Farm Bureau (provide information on impacts in the agricultural sector). • Utility companies (provide information on damage to utility and lifeline systems). • Structural Engineers Association (provide volunteer structural engineers to support early

building inspection activities). • American Society of Civil Engineers (provide assistance in evaluating damages to utility

systems.

3. Responsibilities

a. Local Government Damage Assessment Teams (L-Dats).

(1). L-DATs are organized by Cleburne County EMA and comprised of trained local government personnel operating in the field who visibly inspect damaged and destroyed structures and other facilities, gather information for the EOC, complete the Damage Assessment forms, and otherwise operate at the direction of the EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader and Damage Assessment Unit. L-DAT members are able to evaluate public and private sector damages as



well as conduct infrastructure assessment independent of, or in support of State Initial Impact Assessment Teams.

2) Damage Assessment Teams are composed of at least two (2) individuals trained in the

methods and procedures for damage assessment and are selected based upon their interests, training, expertise, and availability.

b. Damage Assessment Team Leaders.

Damage Assessment Team Leaders are pre-selected local government or county employees who have been trained in damage assessment methods and procedures and who will lead the damage assessment teams in the fields.

c. EOC Damage Assessment Unit.

The EOC Damage Assessment Unit is responsible for supervising the County’s damage assessment process to include pre-emergency planning, mobilization and personnel and resources, deployment of damage assessment teams in to the field, compiling county-wide damage assessment information, and preparing required Initial Damage Assessment Reports. The Damage Assessment Unit Leader serves in the EOC when activated, and reports the EOC Planning Section Chief.

d. Cleburne County Commission.

• Provides overall direction and control. • Makes disaster declarations and requests state and federal assistance. • Issues emergency rules and proclamations during the emergency period. • Makes administrative policy decisions.

e. Cleburne County Emergency EMA.

• Overall lead agency for direction, control, and coordination of disaster operations within

Cleburne County. • Develops and maintains the Cleburne County Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan

(CEMP). • Provides coordination among local, state, federal, private and volunteer organizations. • Maintains liaison with neighboring jurisdictions. • Coordinates operations in the EOC. • Activates CAT/EOC, when necessary.

4. Concept of Operations.

a. Pre-Emergency Operations.

(1). The Cleburne County EMA will develop and maintain damage assessment procedures and

provide training in the use of these procedures.

(2). Local governments will insure that local damage assessment personnel are appointed and trained and that procedures for relaying information on damages the EOC are in place.



J anuar y, 2008

(3). The EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader, along with the EOC Planning Section, will

identify sources of economic, tax, and cost estimating information likely to be needed for damage assessment purposes, as well as identify methods to access that information immediately following a disaster.

b. Organizational Structure.

Damage assessment personnel are organized and deployed by the EOC Damage Assessment Unit, and report their assessments to the EOC. The EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader, under the guidance of the EOC Planning Section Chief, directs the County’s damage assessment process.

c. Damage Assessment Activation.

(1). The EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader will activate the damage assessment teams. (2). Pre-Deployment Briefing.

(a). Once activated, team members will receive instructions as to where and when to report

for a pre-deployment briefing. At that briefing, team members will discuss the team operation , including:

• Travel and logistical concerns. • Survey assignments. • Survey methodology. • Data collection, compilation and reporting. • Public relations in the field. • Working with local officials. • Weather. • Potential hazards. • Other topics deemed pertinent to the situation.

(b). Normally, this briefing will be conducted at the EOC. In some situations, the initial

briefing will be conducted at or near the incident scene. In rare cases, the briefing will be conducted over the telephone as part of the initial contact, or by fax or e-mail sent directly to the member’s normal work location. The Team Leader will determine the most expeditious and appropriate method for disseminating pre-deployment information based on situational needs.

(3). Field Supplies.

The local government and/or Cleburne County EMA will provide appropriate maps and other basic supplies for conducting assessments. The Team Leader will have the necessary computing equipment to collect and compile assessment data and produce a report. Team representatives must provide their own inclement weather gear (winter coats, gloves, boots, umbrellas, rain ponchos, etc.) and any function-specific specialized equipment or supplies needed (i.e., technical manuals, electronic detection equipment, etc.). Hard hats should also be used.



(4). Weather and Ground Conditions.

Team members should be prepared to conduct assessments in all types of weather and ground conditions. The only exceptions would be dangerous conditions that could place team members in jeopardy, such as lightning, deep or rapidly moving floodwaters, severe cold weather, numerous downed power lines, risk of explosion, etc. The Team Leader will carefully assess the weather and ground conditions before field assessments commence. Team members will be expected to follow the recommendations made by the Team Leader with regard to safety while conducting field assessments.

(5). Training and Certification.

(a). Team members are expected to attend training sessions. Classroom style refresher

training (approximately two (2) hours in length) will be scheduled for delivery as needed. Team members completing each session will receive a certificate of completion.

(b). Team representatives are encouraged to attend other emergency management training

courses to broaden their understanding of emergency management activities in Cleburne County.

(6). Assignment and Responsibilities.

Attached to this SOG are Team Leader and Team Member Job Action Guides listing responsibilities and checklists associated with each assignment. The responsibilities listed under each assignment are not all-inclusive, additional responsibilities may have to be addressed based on the situational circumstances. The Team Leader will determine those additional responsibilities and discuss them at the pre-deployment briefing.

d. EOC Damage Assessment.

(1). A Damage Assessment Unit will be established in the EOC within the Planning Section. The Damage Assessment Unit will cooperate with Situation Analysis Unit in preparing early situation reports and in providing briefings to EOC Management Section. The Damage Assessment Unit is also responsible for providing required information to the Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA).

(2). EOC Damage Assessment Unit actions include:

• Plots on an appropriate county tax map the known geographical limits of the disaster’s

impact using the FAST assessment information and other filed reports from law enforcement and fire department personnel.

• Overlays the entire disaster stricken area with an appropriately labeled grid or quadrant system.

• Assigns teams according to quadrant contents (i.e., public or private sector damage assessment teams). Quadrants with both public and private sector damages will be noted with quadrant contents assigned to specific damage assessment teams as needed.

• Receive data from damage assessment teams: − Completed quadrants will be marked off the appropriate tax assessor’s map.



J anuar y, 2008

− All submitted private and public sector reports will be reviewed to ensure accuracy and completeness.

− Shortfalls or data inconsistencies will be addressed with the appropriate team leader(s) and an attempt will be made to expeditiously correct the shortfalls.

− Compile data in suitable formats for various reporting purposes (i.e., for use in an updated County Situation Report or Impact Statement) for use in completing state and federal forms.

(3). The Damage Assessment Unit will also document all damage assessment related incurred as a

result of the disaster. e. Damage Assessment Methodology.

(1). As soon as possible, damage assessment of the affected area identified by FAST Teams will

be completed by damage assessment team members.

(2). Damage Assessment Team members will not enter obviously unsafe structures or facilities, but immediately tag or otherwise mark these structures, and report them to the EOC Damage Assessment Unit for transmittal to appropriate building inspections agencies for mitigation.

(3). Damages to certain pre-determined critical facilities will also be noted and included in the

team’s report to the EOC Damage Assessment Unit so that Detail Assessment teams can be dispatched.

(4). Damage Assessment Team members are briefed Cleburne County EMA or the EOC Damage

Assessment Unit Leader on the suspected areas of impact, purposes of the assessments and any anticipated concerns.

(5). Team members are equipped with essential equipment, supplies and transportation prior to

deployment.

(6). Damage Assessment Teams will be deployed to areas thought to be the most severely impacted and later to areas of lesser impact. Structures deemed uninhabitable or otherwise unsafe will be tagged and the location of such structures transmitted to the EOC Damage Assessment Unit for referral to the proper authorities. Teams will continue inspections of designated critical facilities upon arrival in the area.

f. Field Reporting.

(1). The Damage Assessment Team Leader will contact by radio or telephone the EOC’s Damage

Assessment Unit upon arrival in the designated area and when ready to begin damage assessment.

(2). The Damage Assessment Team members will continue to assess damages until completed or

until the EOC Damage Assessment Unit asks that the team to quit, and return to the EOC or other designated site, or relocate to another quadrant or area to continue damage assessment.

(3). Complete damage assessment forms along with supporting photographs, measurements,

maps, etc, and will be delivered to the EOC Damage Assessment Unit by the Damage



Assessment Teams. (See Tab H; Functional Aids for examples.)

g. Critical Facilities Inspection.

(1). Critical facilities are those locations providing essential lifeline services to the community or qualify as a high occupancy structure, or as a high risk hazard to the community. Critical facilities and their priority will vary from city to city but some examples of their priorities would be:

Priority 1:

• Major Government Buildings. • Fire Stations. • Sheriff’s Office/Police Stations. • Public Works Yard(s). • County Administrative Building(s). • Medical Facilities. • Hospital(s). • Emergency Clinics. • Convalescent/Residential Care Facilities.

Priority 2:

• Transportation.

− Interstate Systems. − Major Arterial Roads. − Airports. − Railway Systems. − Bridges, Overpasses.

• Essential Lifeline/Utility System Sites. − Electric. − Gas. − Water/Sewer. − Telephone.

• Educational Facilities. − All Schools.

Priority 3:

• High Occupancy Structures/Locations.

− Shopping Malls. − Stadiums, Arenas. − High Rise Buildings. − Large Industrial Complexes.

• High Risk Construction/Engineering. − Reservoirs/Flood Control Basins. − Tilt-up Buildings. − Unreinforced Masonry Buildings.



J anuar y, 2008

• High Risk HAZMAT locations. − Oil Refineries. − Chemical/Waste Processing and Treatment Plants. − Gas Stations. − Identified High Risk HAZMAT carriers/handlers. − Pipelines for petroleum.

(2). Information Required on Critical Facilities.

• Critical facility number designation. • Name of facility. • Street address. • Map coordinates. • Title/name of facility contact person. • Telephone number • Type of hazard potential.

(3). Rapid Evaluation Safety Assessment Forms will be completed and submitted to the Damage Assessment Team Leader. (See Functional Aid 10 in the Attachment section of this guide)



E. Phase 4: State/Federal Damage Assessment Teams (S/F-DATs)

1. After the initial assessment by local damage assessment teams, EMA completes federal damage assessment forms in preparation for a visit by a combined state-federal assessment team and in anticipation of possible federal assistance. At a minimum a copy of the Preliminary Damage Assessment Summary Form for each impacted jurisdiction should be faxed to AEMA for review. This will help determine whether a formal Preliminary Damage Assessment should be pursued.

2. Upon receipt of this information, it will be reviewed by AEMA to determine if there are any state

programs that can assist with the repair and restoration of the damaged public facilities. If state programs are available, then a brief description of the program together with the name and phone number of the contact person will be provided by AEMA. If the cumulative damages appear to be beyond the state’s capability to assist, then a formal visit by the State/Federal Preliminary Damage Assessment teams will be arranged to further document the damages and determine whether a request for a Presidential Disaster Declaration is justified.

3. Upon arrival of state and federal personnel, Public Assistance Preliminary Damage Assessment

(PDA) teams are formed. The teams consist of federal, state, and local personnel who will verify the initial disaster assessment and add any new findings to the initial reports. At the same time, a private sector damage assessment for homes, businesses, and farms may be underway.

4. Preparing for the Disaster.

a. Establish an accounting system that will track all disaster-related charges separately. This should

include payroll (regular separate from overtime); equipment time and mileage; equipment rentals and/or purchases; materials and supplies purchased; and contracted work.

b. Determine which agencies need to be contacted, in-house as well as outside agencies. A

telephone list of all potentially impacted agencies should be prepared. The list should include the contact name, telephone number, and fax number for each potentially impacted agency. Be sure that each agency has the necessary forms on file, in advance.

5. Preparing for the PDA Team.

a. Collect initial damage data and transmit to AEMA. b. Assimilate and collect damage information on the following forms:

(1). PDA-1: Preliminary Damage Assessment Worksheet. (2). PDA-2: Preliminary Damage Assessment (Summary).

Note: Refer to Tab H, Functional Aid # 16 & 17 for copy of these forms.

c. The intent of the forms is to depict the magnitude, impact, dollar damage, and what action is

going to be taken to deal with the situation.

6. Completing PDA-1.

A separate Preliminary Damage Assessment Worksheet needs to be completed for each type or



J anuar y, 2008

category of work by each affected public agency. A copy of this worksheet is included with these instructions. The categories are:

a. Emergency Work.

• Category A-Debris Clearance (cleaning up debris off of publicly owned properties). • Category B-Emergency Protective Measures (emergency response activities for the protection

of lives and property).

Estimated costs for Categories A and B should be based only on overtime costs for permanent full-time employees. If your jurisdiction had to hire temporary help for these activities, then the regular- and overtime costs for these employees can be included in the preliminary estimates. The costs that can be recognized as noted above are for both salaries and benefits. All equipment costs related to emergency work can be included based upon hourly rates.

b. Permanent Work.

• Category C-Road Systems (repair of damaged roads-roads on the federal aid system should

be estimated separately from the off federal aid system roads). • Category D-Water Control Facilities (damages to dikes, levees, drainage channels, and other

similar facilities). • Category E-Public Buildings and Equipment (damages to publicly owned buildings and

equipment facilities damaged by or lost in floodwaters). • Category F-Public Utility Systems (damages to water, sewer, sanitary sewer, electrical utility

systems, water and/or sanitary sewer treatment plants that are publicly owned or owned by private nonprofit organizations).

• Category G-Parks (damages to park facilities, fences, etc.). • Regular and overtime costs for salaries and benefits of permanent and temporary employees

are recognized for permanent work.

7. The worksheets should be completed by all cities, counties, school districts, water districts, drainage districts, other special purpose districts, and private nonprofit organizations that have either public utility systems or are providing services of a governmental nature. Recognized private nonprofit organizations include museums, zoos, community centers, libraries, homeless shelters, senior citizen centers, rehabilitation facilities, and facilities which provide health and safety services of a governmental nature. This form is a worksheet to be used by the affected public agency to compile damage locations and estimate repair costs. The left side of this form is for local use and the right side is for the state/federal assessment team.

8. Completing PDA-2.

a. Each organization, either public or private nonprofit, should then summarize each of the category

worksheets on the Preliminary Damage Assessment Summary form. Local agencies will fill out the form headers (general information) and the left side of the form. The state/federal assessment team will use the right side. The disaster impact section, page 2, of this form must be completed, describing how the damages are impacting the organization. Page 2 of this form does not replace the supplemental justification information.

b. After this information is compiled, fax it to AEMA. The back up information supporting the



worksheets should be retained at your office.

9. Develop Map(s) Of Affected Areas. In addition to Forms PDA-1 and PDA-2, EMA must also provide a map(s) of the area(s) affected by the disaster. The map, to be used by the PDA team, should reflect the location of damaged facilities and be numbered to identify specific entries on Form PDA-1. Reference numbers may be either shown on appropriate entries on the forms, or on a separate list.

10. Local Participation on the Damage Assessment Team.

a. Participate as part of PDA Team. When state and federal personnel arrive in the local area, several PDA teams will be formed to include members of local agencies. Local representatives are vital to the team since they are:

• Familiar with the geography of the jurisdiction. • Familiar with damaged areas. • The liaison between the PDA team and other local officials. • Have expertise to provide input on scope of work to be accomplished.

b. Provide Some Transportation.

Although state and federal personnel may provide some transportation for on-site inspection, it may be necessary for local government to supplement transportation, especially to hard-to-access areas. When on-site inspection and verification is completed, the right side of PDA Forms 1 and 2 will be completed by the PDA team leaders. The originals of the forms will by retained by federal members of the teams, including handwritten work documents. Copies will be supplied to the local EMA for their use. Results of the PDA team effort will be used, if necessary, as part of the basis for a Governor’s request to the President for a declaration of an emergency or major disaster. It will also form the departure point for later detailed project worksheets prepared after a presidential declaration.

c. Checklist for Public Property Damage Assessment.

(1). Prepare a list of damaged public facilities (sites) and work already completed as a direct

result of the disaster. Record damage information on PDA Forms 1 and 2. (a). Fax copy of PDA Form 2 for each impacted agency to AEMA, Public Assistance

Program. (b). Mark the location of each damage site or area on a map where disaster-related costs were

or will be incurred. The applicant should identify all damage sites before the team arrives. (c). Make available to the team, photographs, site sketches, or drawings of each damage site.

Provide copies of photographs for inclusion with PDA request.

(2). Designate a person(s) to accompany the team(s) (may need several) who has knowledge of



J anuar y, 2008

the damage location sites and the repairs already done and those that need to be done.

11. Support transportation and logistic needs of PDA, as needed.

Give the team as much information on labor, equipment, and materials as possible.

a. Inform the team which sites will be repaired or reconstructed by contract and those by force account, or both. If a contractor’s bid estimate has been received, provide a copy to the team.

b. Provide the team with a copy of insurance policies or any insurance settlements received. c. Simultaneously gather and submit supplemental justification information.



F. ATC-20-2 Inspection Procedure.

The rapid evaluation method is designated to conserve the limited personnel resources in the immediate post event period. Inspectors are to look for readily observable, gross kinds of structural distress and other threats to building and life safety. The procedure for rapid screening is summarized below.

1. Examine the entire outside of the structure. 2. Examine the area around the structure for hazards to the inspector and the public. 3. Ordinary enter a building only if the structure cannot be viewed sufficiently from the outside or when

there is suspected or reported gross nonstructural distress (i.e., fallen ceiling or badly damaged partitions visible from the outside).

NOTE: DO NOT ENTER OBVIOUSLY UNSAFE STRUCTURES.

4. Evaluate the structure as follows and completely fill out the Damage Assessment Forms.

a. Collapsed, partial collapsed, or building off foundation. b. Structure noticeably leaning. c. Obvious severe damage and distress. d. Chimney, parapet, or other falling hazards. e. Other hazards or dangers are present. f. Estimate the square footage of damage. g. Interview occupants, if available.

5. Post the structure according to the results of the evaluation. Use one (1) of the three (3) placards

(INSPECTED, RESTRICTED USE, OR UNSAFE). On the INSPECTED placard, indicate whether only the EXTERIOR or the EXTERIOR and INTERIOR were inspected by checking the appropriate box. Post every entrance to a building classified RESTRICTED USE or UNSAFE.

6. Explain the significance of UNSAFE or RESTRICTED USE postings to building occupants, and

advise them to leave immediately. Areas designated as AREA UNSAFE must also be evacuated.

Posting Classification. INSPECTED (Green in Color). No apparent hazard found, although repairs may be required. Original lateral load capacity not significantly decreased. No restrictions on use or occupancy. To post a building with this placard the following conditions must be satisfied: a. There are no potential instabilities present (e.g., floors or wall separations).



J anuar y, 2008

b. Original vertical and lateral load capacity has not been significantly decreased.

c. No falling or other hazards are present, unless these have been appropriately posted or barricaded

and do not present an immediate hazard to the building being inspected.

d. No evidence of significant foundation or roof damage.

e. Main exits are operable and accessible.

f. No other apparent unsafe conditions exist.

RESTRICTED USE (Yellow in Color). Dangerous conditions exist and damage to exits. Entry by owner permitted only for emergency purposes and only at own risk. NO usage on a continuous basis. ENTRY BY PUBLIC NOT PERMITTED. a. Serious doubts about its safety which can only be resolved by an Engineering Evaluation.

b. Uncertainty about the possibility of further damage due to weather conditions or geologic

hazards. c. Uncertainty about the presence of other hazards (e.g. possible toxic material release)

UNSAFE (Red in Color). Extreme hazard may collapse. Imminent danger of collapse. Unsafe for occupancy or entry, except by authorities. a. Obvious safety hazards. b. Degree of damage is such that a danger of collapse could occur or that the building is not

habitable. c. Other unsafe conditions (e.g. massive toxic spill).

Posting Procedures.

a. Mount the appropriate placard in a clearly visible place near the main entrance. Place additional

placards at all other entrances to a building classified as RESTRICTED USE or UNSAFE. b. If an area is unsafe, notify the Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency so that

barricades or yellow “DO NOT CROSS LINE” tape to designate the area not to be entered can be placed.



Changing Posting Classification. There may be a need to change the posting of a building. This can result from several situations including: • Re-inspection by the damage assessment team. • Evaluation by a structural engineer.

The owner of the property can request a reevaluation of the posting by contacting the Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency. Change of posting must be preformed by a member of the damage assessment team and reported to the Damage Assessment Officer.



J anuar y, 2008

Damage Assessment JOB ACTION GUIDES


G. Job Action Guides.

1. EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader.

Reports to: EOC Planning Section Chief.

Supervises:

Damage Assessment Team Leader Responsibilities:

• The Damage Assessment Unit Leader, a member of the Planning Section, oversees maintenance of detailed records of damage assessment information and support of the documentation process. These responsibilities require the following actions: − Collect damage assessment information from the Operations section and other verifiable

sources and prepare appropriate reports. − Provide damage assessment information to the Planning Section Chief. − Utilize the Cleburne County damage assessment procedures and forms.

Activation Phase. Respond to the Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) EOC. Obtain briefing from the EOC Planning Section Chief. Set up your section work station including maps and status boards. Review your position responsibilities as established by this checklist. Clarify any issues regarding your authority and assignment and what others in the organization

members responsibilities. Determine staffing requirements to meet 24-hour operational periods (two 12-hour shifts); request

additional personnel as required. Utilize Logistics Request Forms to request additional resources through the appropriate unit in

the Logistics Section, as needed. Ensure that all your incoming unit personnel are fully briefed. Think ahead and anticipate situations and problems before they occur; based on the existing and

forecast situation determine future requirements. Open and maintain a Significant Event Log ; maintain all required records and documentation to

support the After Action Report and the history of the emergency/disaster to include: − Messages received. − Actions taken. − Decisions, justification, and documentation. − Requests filed. − EOC personnel, time on duty, and assignments.

Note: Precise information is essential to meet requirements for reimbursement by AEMA and FEMA.

Damage JOB ACTION GUIDES Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

Operational Phase. Develop a plan for your unit in support of EOC and field operations as requested; assign specific

responsibilities. Coordinate with all Operations Units (Law Enforcement, Fire, Public Works, Medical/Health,

Care and Shelter, and Building and Safety) for preliminary damage assessment. Keep up to date on the situation and resources associated with your unit; maintain current status

reports and charts and maps. Provide periodic situation or status reports to the Planning Section Chief. Establish operating procedure with the Communications Unit of the Logistics Section for use of

telephone, radio, and data systems; make any priorities or special requests known. Review situation reports as they are received; verify information where questions exist. Anticipate potential situation changes in all units planning; develop options for all plans and

procedures requiring off-site communications. Determine and anticipate your support needs and forward to the Planning Section Chief. Conduct periodic briefings; ensure that unit is aware of priorities. Monitor unit activities and adjust staffing and organization as appropriate to meet current needs. Use face-to-face communication in the EOC whenever possible and document decisions and

policy. Refer all media contacts to the EOC PIO. Be prepared to participate in Incident Action Planning meetings, if requested. Ensure that all your unit personnel and equipment time records and record of expendable

materials used are provided to the Planning Section Chief at the end of each operational period. Brief your relief at shift-change time; ensure that in-progress activities are identified and follow-

up requirements are known. Coordinate collection of damage assessment information. Collect, record, and total the type, location, and estimated value of damage using the Damage

Assessment Report form; provide to the Planning Section Chief for review; post appropriate information on charts.

Use inspection records, videos, photographs, etc. to provide a record trail of damaged structures requiring immediate demolition.

Provide documentation to the Legal Officer on those structures which may need to be demolished in the interest of public safety.

Coordinate with the American Red Cross, utility companies, and other sources for additional damage assessment information.

Provide final damage assessment reports to the Documentation Unit. Deactivation Phase.

Ensure that all required forms or reports are completed and turned in to the Planning Section

Chief prior to your release and departure. Be prepared to provide input to the After Action Report. Determine what follow-up to your assignment might be required before you leave; communicate

information to the EOC Planning Section Chief. Deactivate the Damage Assessment position and close out logs when authorized by your Section

Chief; return vest and equipment to their original location. Leave forwarding phone number where you can be reached.



2. Damage Assessment Team Leader.

Reports to: EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader.

Supervises:

Damage Assessment Team Members.

Responsibilities: • The Damage Assessment Team Leader's responsibilities are administrative in nature. They are

designed to insure that damage and needs assessment procedures are implemented when safety permits.

• Coordinate assessment procedures. • Assign assessment teams; provide expedient training. • Secure Map Packets and Assessment Forms. • Identify and designate replacement for Shift Change.

Activation Phase. Respond to the Cleburne County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) EOC. Obtain briefing from the EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader.

Operational Phase.

Maintain a Log of Events. Use spot reports to determine location of disaster. Plot situation on Damage Analysis Map. Turn over current reports and records to your replacement, if applicable. Supervise damage assessment operations in the field. Check status of operations on an ongoing basis. Collect all reports from the Damage Assessment Team members to be turned into the EOC.

Deactivation Phase.

Brief and turn in all reports to the EOC Damage Assessment Unit Leader.



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



3. Damage Assessment Team Member.

Reports to: Damage Assessment Team Leader.

Supervises:

Additional personnel assigned.

Responsibilities. • The Damage Assessment Team Member's responsibilities are operational in nature. They are

designed to gather damage information. • Gather initial assessment information.

Activation Phase.

Respond to the Cleburne County Emergency management Agency (EMA) EOC. Obtain briefing from the Damage Assessment Unit Leader and receive assignment.

Operational Phase.

Respond to disaster site and begin damage assessment operations under the supervision of the

Damage Assessment Team Leader. Utilize appropriate forms in Damage and Needs Assessment reporting.

Deactivation Phase.

Reconvene at the EOC, after the Damage Assessment Team Leader has released you, to give an

After Action Report.



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally

Damage Assessment FUNCTIONAL AIDS


H. Functional Aids.

1. Cleburne County EMA Spot Report. (2 Pages)

EMA Damage And Needs Assessment

CLEBURNE COUNTY EMA SPOT REPORT For Use By Field Personnel, Dispatch Centers, EMA Duty

Officer Form EMA/DA-1

Name/Reporting Unit

Location of Incident/Damage

Problems/Damage

Actions Taken

Assistance Needed

Provide this information IMMEDIATLEY to your Dispatch Center or EMA Duty Officer at (205) 254-2039.

Damage FUNCTIONAL AIDS Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

Make Special Note Of:

• Status of high life-hazard occupancies (Critical Facilities).

• Fire(s), (i.e., dwellings, businesses).

• Street/road disruptions, (i.e., debris, power lines, water).

• Mass casualties, (i.e., motor vehicle, structure collapse).

• Trapped victims, (i.e., motor vehicle, dwellings, businesses).

• Hazardous materials release, (i.e., fixed site, transportation).

• Utility-line disruptions, i.e., (Power lines, water mains, etc).

• Need for evacuations, (i.e., life-hazard occupancies).

• Health/medical concerns, (i.e., health/medical care facilities).

• Crowd control, i.e., (unruly, looting, etc).



2. Phase 1; Damage Assessment Spot Reporting Time Delineating Schedule

Period of Time Field Analysis Level

Analysis Actions

Field Dispatch Centers EMA Duty Officer EOC

Impact Spot Reporting Form EMA/DA-1.

Make report to dispatch or EMA Duty Officer

Form EMA/DA-1. Make reports to EMA

Duty Officer. Form EMA/DA-1 N/A



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



3. Cleburne County Windshield Survey.


CLEBURNE COUNTY WINDSHIELD SURVEY

For Use By FAST Teams Form EMA/DA-2

Name of FAST Team Leader Phone # Street/Rural Road Jurisdiction Date Area Boundaries North South East West

Calculations Residential Businesses &

Industrial Facilities

Roads, Bridges

Communications; Telephone, Radio

Health Care Facilities

Water System,

Treatment Facilities

Single-Family

Multi-Family

Des

troye

d

Total: Total: Total: Total: Total: Total: Total:

Maj

or


Min

or


Sewer System,

Waste Treatment Facilities

Electric-Transmission

Lines, Transformers,

Stations

Fire/EMS Stations Police Stations

Public Buildings,

Government Facilities

Other (See list on

back of this form)

Des

troye

d


Maj

or


Min

or




J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



Instructions Windshield Survey Form

This form is used to record observations of impacts by a FAST team driving through or flying over an impacted area (windshield survey).

1. Define or describe the area surveyed on top of the form.

2. Be sure to include name and phone number of the team leader.

3. Review the categories of buildings, facilities, and infrastructure.

4. As you drive (fly) through the assigned area, use the space provided to make “tally marks” under the categories indicating whether the building/facility/infrastructure is destroyed, has major damage, or minor damage.

5. Total each box that has “tally marks” when the survey is completed.

6. Deliver or fax this form to the EMA EOC. Definitions.

Destroyed: More than 75% of the structure/dwelling is affected; it is neither usable nor economically repairable.

Major:

50% to 75% of the structure/dwelling is affected; it is damaged to the extent that is no longer usable and may be returned to service only with extensive repairs; loss of utilities.

Minor: Structure/dwelling is damaged and may be used under limited conditions; may be restored to service with minor repairs.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Systems upon which critical facilities are dependent. Consider vital community infrastructure systems to be within the following: transportation, communications, and utilities.

Airports Electrical Streets/Roads/Highways Bridges/Culverts Natural Gas Telephone Canals/Dams Radio/TV/Print Media Water/Sewer Computer Systems Railroad Waterways-Navigable

CRITICAL FACILITIES

1. Specific structures or facilities that support the delivery of essential services (i.e., law enforcement,

fire, EMS, government, etc.).

2. Critical facilities are also defined as locations having high concentrations of people either temporarily or permanently such as high occupancy structures, special population facilities, or special community events. These situations cause an “overload” on the community’s essential services, or cause an immediate focusing of essential services when a disaster occurs (i.e., response to schools, day care centers, hospitals, etc.). Airports Hotels/Motels/Resort Complexes Banks/ATMs/Credit Unions Kitchens Bridges/Freeway Overpasses Microwave Towers/Satellite Ground Terminals Business Establishments – Large Newspaper Productions Facility Campgrounds/Parks/Recreation Areas Police Stations/Dispatch Centers Colleges/Universities/Laboratories Power Plants/Sub Stations Computer Data Bases/Service Centers Prisons/Jails/Detention Centers Convention Centers Railroad Yards Emergency Operations Center Restaurants Factories Schools Fairgrounds Shopping Malls Fire Stations/Dispatch Centers Sirens (Fixed) Food Storage Facilities Stadiums/Sports Arenas/Racetracks Fuel Storage Telephone Switching/Relay Stations Government Offices – Main Theaters/Civic Centers/Concert Halls High Occupancy Structures TV/Radio Stations Hospitals/Nursing Homes/ Clinics/ Pharmacies/Ambulance Stations

Warehouse/Equipment Storage Complexes



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



4. Cleburne County Situation Report.


CLEBURNE COUNTY SITUATION REPORT (For Use by the EOC Situation Analysis Unit)

Form EMA/DA-3

Type of Incident Report # Jurisdiction Date

General Information Municipalities/Corresponding Populations Affected

Deaths Injured Shelter Status N/A # Open # on Standby # Evacuees

General Description of Impacted Area

Status of Impact to Homes and Businesses

Homes and Businesses Destroyed Major Damages (>50%)

Minor Damages (<50%)

Single-Family Dwellings Multi-Family Dwellings Industry and Other Businesses TOTAL HOMES AND BUSINESSES

Status of Impact to the Infrastructure

Facility or Service Description of Impact Roadways and Bridges (Include traffic control and signing, etc.).

Communications (Telephone, radio, satellite, etc.).

Health Care (Hospitals, urgent care centers, clinics, etc.).

Water Treatment (Include water distribution systems).

Waste Water Treatment Electric Utilities (Include estimated days before power restored).

Other (Specify).

Status of Local Response

Local Emergency Declaration

Level of Command Center Activation

Mutual Aid on Scene

Shelter Locations



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



5. Phase 2; Damage Assessment EMA FAST Teams Time Delineating Schedule.

Period of Time Field Analysis Level Analysis Actions


Impact-1 Hour Spot Reports: First Impression

Continue use of Form EMA/DA-1 by

Responders.

Continued use of Form EMA/DA-1.

Continued use of Form EMA/DA-1. N/A

1-3 Hours FAST Teams Windshield Survey

Use of Form EMA/DA-2 by FAST

Teams.



Use of Form EMA/DA-3 by CAT or EOC

Situation Analysis Unit.

4-12 Hours

FAST Teams Windshield Surveys Continue; Analysis Reports Compiled.

Use of Form EMA/DA-2 by FAST

Teams.


Use of Form EMA/DA-3 by EOC Situation

Analysis Unit.



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



6. Example Impact Statement (As Applicable to Cleburne County). a. Background.

Provide a brief narrative description of pre-disaster conditions covering, where applicable, factors such as:

(1). General economic conditions in affected area(s). (2). Income level(s) of affected persons. (3). Special language or ethnic considerations. (4). Availability of vacant housing in the affected area(s) into which homeless people could be

placed. (5). Extent, types and provisions of insurance to cover losses and description of uninsured damages. (6). Unemployment. (7). Other relevant factors.

b. Impact.

Provide a narrative description of impacts to document a clear picture of the magnitude and severity of the disaster as reflected by losses or damages, effects on people, and effects on state or local governments. The resultant hardships, economic and social consequences should be addressed. The following factors should be addressed only when applicable. (1). Significant effects on people.

(a). Deaths. (b). Injuries. (c). Missing persons. (d). Continuing public health and safety problems. (e). Extent of damages to homes. (f). Continuing occupancy of mass shelters. (g). Additional unemployment in the affected areas resulting from the major disaster. (h). Other significant personal property losses. (i). Extent, types and provisions of insurance coverage of losses or damages (describe nature and

extent of uninsured damages).



J anuar y, 2008

(2). Significant effects on local governments.

(a). Isolated families or communities. (b). Interruption of essential public services. (c). Search and rescue efforts. (d). Continuing public health and safety problems. (e). Extent, types and provisions of insurance coverage. (f). Loss of tax base. (g). Financial hardships. (h). Loss of governing capabilities (deaths or injuries to key officials, loss of records, etc.).

(3). Significant effects on private, non-profit organizations (educational, utility, emergency, medical,

or custodial care facilities).

Same as Significant effects on people (listed above). (4). Significant effects on businesses.

(a). Extent of disruptions in services or closings. (b). Extent of insurance coverage. (c). Financial hardships. (d). Employees. (e). Losses or damages to facilities or inventories and their importance to the area.

(5). Significant effects on agriculture.

(a). Major crop/livestock losses. (b). Extent of insurance. (c). Financial hardship. (d). Losses or damages to facilities and their importance to the area. (e). Outlook for future plantings.

(6). Significant factors not otherwise covered under paragraphs A through E.



c. Local Response.

(1). Specific assistance provided by the local government(s) as a result of the incident (number of

personnel, equipment, departments involved and days of utilizations. (2). Details on other local resources which have been or will be used, if not described in detail in

the letter. Also indicate assistance provided by community or private volunteer organizations. Indicate disaster/emergency history within the past 12 months.

(3). Restrictions: Indicate resources which cannot be used due to any type of restrictions such as

local prohibitions or debt or borrowing limitations. Also indicate what steps have been taken by city/county officials to remove or avoid the impact of such restrictions.

(4). Financial Data: Furnish information concerning the availability now of any local emergency

fund money or money from the city/county’s discretionary funds. Provide general fund balance and status of applicable budgets for damage involved, (e.g., road and bridge budget if local road and bridge damage is shown).



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



7. Phase 3; Initial Disaster Assessment Teams Time Delineating Schedule.

Period of Time Field Analysis Level Analysis Actions


12 Hours-3 Days Initial Disaster Assessment

Forms; EMA/DA-4 EMA/DA-5


Continued use of Form EMA/DA-3

and GIS.

1-7 Days Rapid Evaluation Safety Assessment Form EMA-DA-6 Continued use of Form

EMA/DA-1. N/A

Continued use of GIS; Compile

data into State/Federal

Forms as appropriate.

7-21 Days Detailed Evaluation Safety Assessment Form EMA/DA-7 Continued use of Form

EMA/DA-1. N/A

Continue use of GIS; Compile

data into State/Federal

Forms as appropriate.



J anuar y, 2011

Blank Intentionally



8. Damage Assessment Form. (2 pages)


DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FORM For Use By Damage Assessment Teams Form EMA/DA-4

Incident Date Time Page

Team Members Area of the County

GPS Address Type & Amount of Debris

Type of Occupancy “G” Inspected “Y” Limited Entry “R” Unsafe

Damage Est. & Sq. Ft.

Insurance Type of Damage/ Comments

R1 R2 B/I R/B C H W S E F/E P PB O Y N Residential: R1-Single Family. R-2-Multi-Family, B/I-Business & Industrial Facilities, R/B-Roads/Bridges; C-Communications: Telephone, Radio; H-Health Care Facilities; W-Water System/Treatment Facilities; S-Sewer System/Waste Treatment Facilities; E-Electric/Transmission Lines/Transformers/Stations; F/E-Fire/EMS Stations; P-Police Stations; PB-Public Buildings/Government Facilities; O-Other.

Damage Estimate 3 (Destroyed) – Not habitable, Cannot be repaired. 2 (Major) - Not habitable, Needs extensive structural repairs. 1 (Minor) - May be habitable, Needs minor repairs or clean-up.

Type of Occupancy Posted Definitions “G” Inspected (Green Sign) – No apparent hazard. “Y” Limited Entry (Yellow Sign) – Portions of building are unsafe. “R” Unsafe (Red Sign) – Structure is unsafe to enter.



J anuar y, 2008

Instructions for Using Form EMA/DA-4

The field Disaster Assessment Form is to be filled out as follows:

1. If a GPS locator is provided then fill in the coordinates of the location of the damaged building or property. This location should be taken in the center location at the front of the house or property.

2. If possible place the address of the property or at the minimum the road or street name in the address box.

3. Place the letter G (Green), Y (Yellow), or R (Red) for the color tag that you will be placing on the building or property. This letter will go under the column that best represents the type of use the building is being occupied for, Example: B/I for Business, R1 for Single Family Residential.

4. The square footage of damage will be determined by estimation by walking off the damage area. This number is very important as it will be used to determine the amount of loss for the disaster. (Note: 1 large step=3 feet).

5. If someone is available to interview determine if insurance is available on the property and contents. Place this information in the appropriate boxes.

6. Place the name of all assemblies, schools and other commercial property in t he comments box, or other important information. T H I S I NF OR M AT I ON I S V E R Y I M POR T ANT AND C R I T I C AL T O T H E DAM AG E ASSE SSM E NT PR OC E SS. Y OU M UST B E E X AC T W I T H Y OUR I NF OR M AT I ON.



9. Cleburne County Interview Form.


CLEBURNE COUNTY INTERVIEW FORM For Use By Damage Assessment Teams Form EMA/DA-5

Method of Interview

Field Telephone Walk-In Mail

General Information

Name

Address

Telephone

Current residence (if displaced)

Extent of Damages

Type Single-Family Dwelling Number in family: Mobile Home Apartment

Business Public Building Other

Description of Damage:

Is the Dwelling Habitable (Safe, Secure, And Sanitary)? Yes No

Insurance Yes % of loss covered by insurance (estimate)

No



J anuar y, 2008

Blank Intentionally



10. ATC-20 Rapid Evaluation Safety Assessment Form.



J anuar y, 2008



11. ATC-20 Detailed Evaluation Safety Assessment Form. (2 pages)



J anuar y, 2008



12. ATC – 20 Fixed Equipment Checklist



J anuar y, 2008



12. Cleburne County Placard – INSPECTED.



J anuar y, 2008



13. Cleburne County Placard – RESTRICTED USE.



J anuar y, 2008



14. Cleburne County Placard – RESTRICTED USE WITH INSTRUCTIONS.



J anuar y, 2008



15. Cleburne County Placard – UNSAFE.



J anuar y, 2008



16. Preliminary Damage Assessment Worksheet. (3 pages) Form PDA - 1

County Category of Work

Public Agency Date

This form should be used as a worksheet by the affected Public Agency or Indian Tribe to compile damage values. Note: The damages must be compiled on a category-of-work basis.

Emergency Work: Category A – Debris Clearance; B – Protective Measures, Permanent Work; C – Road Systems; D – Water Control

Facilities; E – Public Buildings and Equipment; F – Public Utility Systems; G – Parks and Other.

1. Please indicate type of Road System (on or off) on the category of work line. 2. Please transfer totals to Preliminary Damage Assessment Summary (PDA – 2).

3. The President declares disaster areas (usually) by county. The coordination of the state/federal damage assessment will be through Cleburne County EMA. Please provide copies to that office as soon as possible.

To be completed by Public Agency or Indian Tribe To be completed by State/Federal Team

Brief Description of Damage Location Estimated Cost of Repair Estimated Cost of Repair Comments



J anuar y, 2008

PDA – 2; Pg. 1 County Name of Applicant Local Contact Phone # Population Total Budget Maint. Budget Date Budget Begins

Damage Cost Estimates

Category of Work FEMA CORPS FHWA NRCS

Local Team Local Team Local Team Local Team

A. Debris Clearance $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

B. Protective Measures $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

C. Road Systems $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

D. Water Control Facilities $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

E. Public Buildings/Equip $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

F. Public Utilities $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

G. Parks/Other $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Sub-totals $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

Local Total Dollar Estimate $ Team Total Dollar Estimate $

Disaster Impact (Narrative)

(Local) (Team)

Please complete the narrative questions on page 2 of this form,

detailing the impact on your jurisdiction.

Local Rep: Agency: Phone: Date:

State Rep: Agency: Phone: Date:



Federal Rep: Agency: Phone: Date:

PDA – 2; Pg. 2

Applicant: _________________________________________________________________________________________ County: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Identify and describe damages, which constitute a health and/or safety hazard to the general public. 2. Describe population adversely affected directly or indirectly by the loss of public facilities or damages. 3. What economic activities are adversely affected by the loss of public facilities or damages? 4. Describe how the applicant intends to repair the damage, provide a schedule for accomplishing the work, and describe the

source and availability of funds to accomplish the repairs. How quickly can the damages be repaired, without degradation of public services?

5. What is the impact on public services if a declaration is not made?



J anuar y, 2008



17. Phase 4; Public Assistance Preliminary Damage Assessment Time Delineating Schedule.

Period of Time Damage Assessment Level

Assessment Actions

Cleburne County EOC State Federal

5-7 Days

Preliminary Damage Assessment Public Damages Private Dwellings

Representatives on PDA Teams

PDA

PDA

Category A – Debris Removal Category B – Protective Measures Category C – Road Systems Category D – Water Control Facilities Category E – Public Buildings and Equipment Category G - Other



J anuar y, 2008



18. Cleburne County Response and Recovery Flowchart.

EMA

Law Enforcement

Dispatch

Fire Dispatch

911

Establish Incident Command

Activate Level of Command

On-Scene Command Post/EOC Activated

Notify other Jurisdictions

Tasks • Establish Protective Zones • Establish Command Post • Assign Staff • Establish Communications • Designate Staging Area • Establish Traffic Control • Secure the Area

Notification (1)

Point of Contact (Fire, Police, Public Works)

• 24-Hour Dispatch • EMA Initial Report Situation Analysis

Managing Emergency Operations

(2)



J anuar y, 2008



19. Response Overview.

Mitigation Programs/Activities And Plans/Preparedness Period

1.

Disaster Occurs

2. Cleburne County EMA • First Response: Save Lives/Property • Activate EOC and CEMP • Notifies AEMA • Requests Mutual Aid from

Neighboring Jurisdictions

3.

AEMA • Assign Incident/Case Number • Notify Governor • Activate SEOC, if necessary • Receives Situation Reports

4.

Cleburne County EMA • Declares Emergency • Requests state assistance to preserve life and

property • Provides Analysis, Documentation to support

requests

Governor of Alabama • Declares State of Emergency • Activates State Emergency Plan • Activates SEOC, if not done already • Provides State Assistance, Resources to Preserve Life and

Property

5.

6.

Response Overview

Governor of Alabama • Requests Federal

Assistance to Preserve Life and Property

• Provides Analysis, Documentation to Support Request

7.

Federal Emergency Disaster Declared

• Federal Response Plan Activated

• Governor Appoints State Coordinating Officer

• President, FEMA appoints Federal Coordinating Officer

Joint Local, State, Federal Response Efforts

9.

Immediate Threat to Life and Property Recedes

10.

Recovery Activities

11.

Lessons Learned 12.

8.



J anuar y, 2008



20. Recovery Sequence of Assistance.

Personal Insurance Coverage

Disaster Housing (FEMA) (Safe, Sanitary, and Secure)

Rental Assistance Home Repair Mortgage Rental Lodging Expense Assistance Assistance Reimbursement

Owners & Renters; Owners Only Owners & Renters Owners & Renters

Home/Personal Property Loans (SBA)

(Return to Pre-Disaster Conditions • Structure. • Personal Property. • Autos.

Individuals & Family Grant (Serious & Necessary Needs Only) • Medical, Dental, Funeral. • Transportation. • Home Repair. • Personal Property. • Tools of Trade.

And

Or

Other Agency Programs SBA Loans. Legal Assistance. Farm Programs. Consumer Services. IRS. Veteran’s Benefits. Disaster Unemployment. Aging Services. Insurance Information. Crisis Counseling.

Additional Assistance/Unmet Needs • FEMA’s Cora Brown Fund.

Voluntary Agencies (Emergency Needs)

• Food. • Clothing. • Shelter. • Medical.



J anuar y, 2008



21. Public Assistance Flowchart.

Step 4 FEMA/State Review

Step 5 Obligation of

Approved Projects

Step 7 Completion of

Work

Step 8 Final Inspection/

Certification

Step 9 Final

Payment

Step 10 Single Audit Act

Requirements

Step 11 State Approval of

Audit

Step 2 Kickoff Meeting

Step 3 Project Worksheet

Preparation

Step 1 Applicant’s

Briefing

Step 6 Initial

Payments



J anuar y, 2008



22. Disaster Programs for Homeowners, Renters, and Business Owners.

Program/Agency Assistance Eligibility Specific Criteria Emergency Assistance coordinated by the American Red Cross (ARC) and Voluntary Agencies Active in Disasters (VOAD).

Emergency food, clothing, shelter, mad medical assistance.

Available to individuals and families with disaster-related emergency needs

Also makes referrals to church groups and other voluntary agencies.

Disaster Housing Assistance – Administered and funded by FEMA.

Grants for disaster housing or for emergency repairs needed to make a residence livable until more permanent repairs can be made.

Available to homeowners and renters whose permanent homes are uninhabitable because of the disaster.

Housing assistance grants supplement any insurance coverage an individual might have

Homeowners. Grants made to homeowners who can return to their home by making minimal repairs. Homeowners with substantial property damage may qualify for initial disaster housing grants. Extensions may be granted on a case-by-case basis.

Renters Renters may qualify for short-term rental assistance. Extensions may be granted on a case-by-case basis.

Home/Personal Property Disaster Loans – U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).

Low-interest loans to repair or replace uninsured disaster-damaged real estate and personal property.

For individuals located in counties included in Presidential disaster declarations. Loans limited to amount of uninsured, SBA verified losses

Maximum loans: $ XXX.XX – real property. $ XXX.XX – personal property.

Individual and Family Grant Program – Administered by State, funded by FEMA.

Grants to meet serious disaster related needs and necessary expenses not covered by insurance or other Federal, State, or voluntary agencies.

Persons with serious unmet needs who do not qualify for SBA disaster loans.

Maximum grant of up to $ XXX.XX depending on family composition and needs. Most grants are lower.

Business Disaster Loans. (SBA)

Loans to repair or replace destroyed or damaged business facilities, inventory, machinery or equipment, etc., not covered by insurance. Economic Injury Disaster Loans or working capital loans to assist small businesses during the disaster recovery period.

Business located in counties declared disaster areas by the President. Small businesses located in declared and contiguous counties.

$ X, XXX.XX statutory loan limit.

Tax Assistance – Expedited Federal tax Individuals and families with Under certain circumstances a



J anuar y, 2008

Program/Agency Assistance Eligibility Specific Criteria Internal Revenue Service 800-829-1040

deductions for casualty losses to home, personal property or household goods. Assistance and information on State income tax returns can also be obtained from the State Department of Revenue.

disaster-related losses totaling more than 10% of adjusted gross income.

taxpayer may file an amended return during the year of the disaster or for previous years and obtain a tax refund in a matter of weeks.

Disaster Unemployment Assistance – Funded by FEMA; administered by the State Employment Security Agency. Call local/state employment or job services office.

Weekly benefits available to individuals out of work because of the disaster.

Available to all individuals out of work because of the disaster, including self-employed persons, farm owners, and others not covered under regular unemployment insurance.

Program assistance ends twenty-six (26) weeks after disaster declaration. Proof of income required.

Farm Assistance – Farm Service Agency. Call county extension office.

Emergency loans for physical or production losses.

Available to farmers who were operating and managing a farm at the time of the disaster.

Loans limited to the amount necessary to compensate for actual losses to essential property and/or production capacity.

Insurance Information – State Insurance Commissioner, American Insurance Association, FEMA, and National Flood Insurance Program. State Department of Insurance.

Assistance and/or counseling regarding ways to obtain copies of lost policies, file claims, expedited settlements, etc.

Individuals and families with disaster-related legal issues.

For such matters as replacing legal documents, transferring titles, contracting problems, will probates, insurance problems, and certain landlord related problems.

Social Security Benefits – Social Security Administration.

Assistance expediting delivery of checks delayed by the disaster.

Assistance in applying for Social Security disability and survivor benefits.

Individuals eligible for Social Security.

Veterans Benefits – Department of Veterans Affairs.

Assistance with information about benefits, pensions, insurance settlements and VA mortgages.

Help in applying for VA death benefits, pensions, and adjustments to VA insured home mortgages.

Consumer Services – State Department Consumer Affairs.

Counseling on consumer problems such as product shortages, price gouging, and disreputable business practices.

Aging Services – State Agency responsible for services.

Services to the elderly such as meals, home care, and transportation.



23. Recovery Overview.



J anuar y, 2008



24. Overview of Federal Disaster Operation Flowchart.



J anuar y, 2008



25. Calculations of Amount of Damage.

Once all data from the Damage Assessment forms has been placed in to the database, it is the responsibility of the Damage Assessment Unit to affix the correct dollar amount for rebuilding the structure. This is accomplished by using the following tables and calculating the square footage of the damage times either of the cost for rebuilding if the Assessed Tag was YELLOW or the full amount of the cost for rebuilding if the Assessed Tag was RED. The GOOD amount will be used in all cases.

Example for a single family dwelling that has a YELLOW TAG and 1000 sq. feet of damage.

1000 sq. ft. X $58.00/2 (Type VI Good category Single Family Dwelling) Total Loss $29,000.

The International Code Council is pleased to provide the following Building Valuation Data (BVD) for its members. The BVD will be updated and printed at six-month intervals. The BVD table provides the “average” construction costs per sq. ft., which can be used in determining estimated damage and replacement costs for a jurisdiction. The estimated damage and replacement costs can be established by using the BVD table and a Permit Fee Multiplier, which is based on the total construction value within the jurisdiction for the past year. The Square Foot Construction Cost table presents factors that reflect relative value of one construction classification/occupancy group to another so that more expensive construction is assessed greater permit fees than less expensive construction. ICC has developed this data to aid jurisdictions in determining permit fees and can also assist in estimating damage and replacement costs. It is important to note that while this BVD table does determine an estimated value of a building (i.e., Gross Area x Square Foot Construction Cost), this data is only intended to assist jurisdictions in determining their permit fees and estimated damage and replacement costs. This BVD table provides jurisdictions with a simplified way to determine the estimated value of a building that has been damaged and the replacement costs cost of construction.

Building Valuation.

The average costs include structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, interior finish and normal site preparation. The data is a national average and does not take into account any regional cost differences. To this end, the table containing the regional cost modifiers was last printed in the October 2003 issue and has been discontinued.

Estimated damage and replacement costs.

The estimated damage and replacement costs is determined using the building gross area of damage, the Square Foot Construction Cost and the Permit Fee Multiplier. Estimated damage and replacement costs = Gross Area x Square Foot Construction Cost x Permit Fee Multiplier

Example. Type of Construction: IIB Area: Amount of damage to 1st story = 8,000 sq. ft. Height: 2 stories Amount of Damage to 2nd story = 8,000 sq. ft. Use Group: B 1. Gross area.

Business = 2 stories x 8,000 sq. ft. = 16,000 sq. ft. 2. Square Foot Estimated damage and replacement cost:

B/IIB = $137.27/sq. ft. 3. Estimated damage and replacement costs



J anuar y, 2008

Business = 16,000 sq. ft. x $137.27/sq. ft = $2,196,320.00 Estimated damage and replacement cost table.

OCCUPANCY TYPE CONSTRUCTION TYPES Group (2006 International Building Code) 1A 1B 2A 2B 3A 3B 4 5A 5B A-1 Assembly, theaters, with stage 196.11 189.78 185.37 177.60 167.20 162.27 171.92 152.56 146.94 A-1 Assembly, theaters, without stage 177.62 171.29 166.88 159.10 148.75 143.82 153.43 134.10 128.49 A-2 Assembly, nightclubs 149.94 145.74 142.04 136.49 128.53 124.91 131.71 116.50 112.58 A-2 Assembly, restaurants, bars, banquet halls 148.94 144.74 140.04 135.49 126.53 123.91 130.71 114.50 111.58 A-3 Assembly, churches 180.72 174.39 169.98 162.21 151.82 146.89 156.54 137.18 131.57 A-3 Assembly, general, community halls, libraries, museums 152.81 146.48 141.07 134.30 122.33 118.97 128.63 108.26 103.65 A-4 Assembly, arenas 176.62 170.29 164.88 158.10 146.75 142.82 152.43 132.10 127.49 B Business 154.16 148.70 144.00 137.27 125.07 120.41 131.97 109.81 105.37 E Educational 166.52 160.91 156.34 149.52 140.14 132.98 144.59 123.34 118.69 F-1 Factory and industrial, moderate hazard 92.68 88.42 83.70 80.93 72.45 69.29 77.68 59.67 56.50 F-2 Factory and industrial, low hazard 91.68 87.42 83.70 79.93 72.45 68.29 76.68 59.67 55.50 H-1 High Hazard, explosives 86.84 82.58 78.86 75.09 67.79 63.63 71.84 55.02 0.00 H2,3,4 High Hazard 86.84 82.58 78.86 75.09 67.79 63.63 71.84 55.02 50.85 H-5 HPM 154.16 148.70 144.00 137.27 125.07 120.41 131.97 109.81 105.37 I-1 Institutional, supervised environment 152.30 147.08 143.14 137.34 128.24 124.73 138.61 116.09 111.54 I-2 Institutional, hospitals 256.26 250.80 246.11 239.38 226.55 0.00 234.08 211.31 0.00 I-2 Institutional, nursing homes 179.18 173.72 169.02 162.30 150.51 0.00 157.00 135.27 0.00 I-3 Institutional, restrained 174.99 169.52 164.83 158.10 147.16 141.52 152.80 131.92 125.48 I-4 Institutional, day care facilities 152.30 147.08 143.14 137.34 128.24 124.73 138.61 116.09 111.54 M Mercantile 111.44 107.24 102.53 97.99 89.62 87.00 93.21 77.59 74.67 R-1 Residential, hotels 154.24 149.02 145.08 139.28 129.95 126.44 140.32 117.80 113.25 R-2 Residential, multiple family 129.33 124.11 120.17 114.37 105.16 101.65 115.53 93.01 88.46 R-3 Residential, one- and two-family 122.11 118.76 115.86 112.68 108.62 105.77 110.77 101.74 95.91 R-4 Residential, care/assisted living facilities 152.30 147.08 143.14 137.34 128.24 124.73 138.61 116.09 111.54 S-1 Storage, moderate hazard 85.84 81.58 76.86 74.09 65.79 62.63 70.84 53.02 49.85 S-2 Storage, low hazard 84.84 80.58 76.86 73.09 65.79 61.63 69.84 53.02 48.85 U Utility, miscellaneous 65.15 61.60 57.92 55.03 49.70 46.33 51.94 39.23 37.34



Occupancy Types.

1. Assembly: Groups A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5.

A-1 Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or motion pictures including, but not limited to: • Motion picture theaters. • Symphony and concert halls. • Television and radio studios admitting an audience. • Theaters.

A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption including, but not limited to: • Banquet halls. • Night clubs. • Restaurants. • Taverns and bars.

A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A including, but not limited to: • Amusement arcades. • Art galleries. • Bowling alleys. • Churches Community halls. • Courtrooms Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption). • Exhibition halls. • Funeral parlors. • Gymnasiums (without spectator seating). • Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating). • Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating). • Lecture halls. • Libraries. • Museums. • Waiting areas in transportation terminals. • Pool and billiard parlors.

A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limited to: • Arenas. • Skating rinks. • Swimming pools. • Tennis courts.

A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to: • Amusement park structures.



J anuar y, 2008

• Bleachers. • Grandstands. • Stadiums.

2. Business: Group B.

Business Group B occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:: • Airport traffic control towers. • Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds. • Banks. • Barber and beauty shops. • Car wash. • Civic administration. • Clinic—outpatient. • Dry cleaning and laundries; pick-up and delivery stations and self-service. • Educational occupancies above the 12th grade. • Electronic data processing. • Laboratories; testing and research. • Motor vehicle showrooms. • Post offices. • Print shops. • Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists, physicians, engineers, etc.). • Radio and television stations. • Telephone exchanges.

3. Educational: Group E.

Educational Group E occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by six or more persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums, which are accessory to churches in accordance with Section 302.2 and have occupant loads of less than 100, shall be classified as A-3 occupancies.

4. Factory and Industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2.

Factory Industrial Group F occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that are not classified as a Group H hazardous or Group S storage occupancy.

5. High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5

High-Hazard Group H occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, that involves the manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of those found in Tables 307.7(1) and 307.7(2) (see also definition of "Control area").

Group H-1.



Buildings and structures which contain materials that present a detonation hazard shall be classified as Group H-1. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Explosives Group H-2,3,4,5 All other occupancies that contain large amounts of hazardous materials.

6. Institutional: Groups I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4

Institutional Group I occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, in which people are cared for or live in a supervised environment, having physical limitations because of health or age are harbored for medical treatment or other care or treatment, or in which people are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as Group I-1, I-2, I-3 or I-4.

Group I-1. This occupancy shall include buildings, structures or parts thereof housing more than 16 persons, on a 24-hour basis, who because of age, mental disability or other reasons, live in a supervised residential environment that provides personal care services. The occupants are capable of responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following: • Residential board and care facilities. • Assisted living facilities. • Halfway houses. • Group homes. • Congregate care facilities. • Social rehabilitation facilities. • Alcohol and drug centers. • Convalescent facilities.

Group I-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or custodial care on a 24-hour basis of more than five persons who are not capable of self-preservation. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

• Hospitals. • Nursing homes (both intermediate-care facilities and skilled nursing facilities). • Mental hospitals. • Detoxification facilities.

Group I-3.

This occupancy shall include buildings and structures that are inhabited by more than five persons who are under restraint or security. An I-3 facility is occupied by persons who are generally incapable of self-preservation due to security measures not under the occupants’ control. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:



J anuar y, 2008

• Prisons. • Jails. • Reformatories. • Detention centers. • Correctional centers release centers.

Group I-4, day care facilities.

This group shall include buildings and structures occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial care for less than 24 hours by individuals other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the person cared for. A facility such as the above with five or fewer persons shall be classified as a Group R-3 or shall comply with the International Residential Code in accordance with Section 101.2. Places of worship during religious functions are not included.

7. Mercantile: Group M.

Mercantile Group M occupancy includes, among others, buildings and structures or a portion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. Mercantile occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following: • Department stores. • Drug stores. • Markets. • Motor fuel-dispensing facilities. • Retail or wholesale stores. • Sales rooms.

8. Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4.

R-1 Residential occupancies where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: • Boarding houses (transient). • Hotels (transient). • Motels (transient).

R-2 Residential occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature, including: • Apartment houses. • Boarding houses (not transient). • Convents. • Dormitories. • Fraternities and sororities. • Monasteries. • Vacation timeshare properties. • Hotels (non-transient). • Motels (non-transient).



R-3 Residential one- and two-family, occupancies where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and not classified as R-1, R-2, R-4 or I and where buildings do not contain more than two dwelling units as applicable in Section 101.2, or adult and child care facilities that provide accommodations for five or fewer persons of any age for less than 24 hours. Adult and child care facilities that are within a single-family home are permitted to comply with the International Residential Code in accordance with Section 101.2.

R-4 Residential occupancies shall include buildings arranged for occupancy as residential care/assisted living facilities including more than five but not more than 16 occupants, excluding staff.

9. Storage: Groups S-1 and S-2.

Storage Group S occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occupancy.

10. Utility and Miscellaneous: Group U.

Buildings and structures of an accessory character and miscellaneous structures not classified in any specific occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and maintained to conform to the requirements of this code commensurate with the fire and life hazard incidental to their occupancy. Group U shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

• Agricultural buildings. • Aircraft hangars, accessory to a one- or two-family residence (see Section 412.3 ). • Barns. • Carports. • Fences more than 6 feet (1829 mm) high. • Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy. • Greenhouses. • Livestock shelters private garages. • Retaining walls. • Sheds. • Stables. • Tanks. • Towers.

Construction Types.

Types I and II. Type I and II construction are those types of construction in which the following building elements are of noncombustible materials.

• Structural frame Including columns, girders, trusses • Bearing walls both Exterior and Interior • Exterior nonbearing walls and partitions • Interior nonbearing walls and partitions • Floor construction (Including supporting beams and joists)



J anuar y, 2008

• Roof construction (Including supporting beams and joists). Type III.

Type III construction is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and the interior building elements are of any material permitted by this code. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exterior wall assemblies of a 2-hour rating or less.

Type IV. Type IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT) is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and the interior building elements are of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces. The details of Type IV construction shall comply with the provisions of this section. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exterior wall assemblies with a 2-hour rating or less.

Type V. Type V construction is that type of construction in which the structural elements, exterior walls and interior walls are of any materials permitted by this code.

Damage DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TEAM Assessment EUIPMENT LIST


I. Damage Assessment Team Equipment List. (ATC 20-2)

Personal Items

• Personal Identification (including passport/visa when appropriate) • Official Identification • Driver’s license • Cash/credit cards/traveler’s checks/change • Backpack • Eyeglasses/safety glasses (including extras) • Prescription medication • Hard Hat • Roots/sturdy shoes (steel toe, steel shanks) • Rain gear/extra clothing • Personal hygiene supplies • Dust mask • Transportation to and from the damage area

Suggested items

• Canteen • Water purification tablets • Safety goggles • Safety vests • Gloves • Knee pads • Sleeping bag • Personal first aid kit • Sunscreen lotion • Snacks

Suggested minimum Red Cross kit per person

• Backpack • Battery Powered Flashlight (batteries included) • Battery Powered Radio (batteries included) • Emergency Blanket • Food Bars (4,800 calories total) • Work Gloves (one pair) • Light Sticks (3 each; one lasts 12 hours) • Moist Towelettes (6) • Breathing Mask (NIOSH-N95) • Plastic Sheeting (10'x10') • Rain Poncho • Personal First Aid Kit • Roll of Duct Tape • Water (2 quarts) • Water Container (2.5 gallon)

DAT Damage Equip. List (cont’d) Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

• Whistle • Personal Hygiene Comfort Kit (includes shampoo/body wash, wash cloth, toothbrush and

toothpaste, comb, and deodorant) • First Aid and Emergency Preparedness Guide

Field Equipment

Essential Items:

• Cell phone or radio • Maps • Data recording materials/equipment (e.g., forms and clipboard) • PDA, Laptop computer, micro recorder, camera (still/digital/video) • Paper/notebook/pens/pencils/permanent magic markers • Plastic flagging or tape • Flashlight and extra batteries

Suggested Items:

• Portable battery-powered radio • Tape measure or laser distance finder • Plumb bob and string • Magnetic compass • Swiss army knife/leatherman

Equipment Normally Supplied by Local Jurisdiction

Essential Items:

• Official identification/field passes • Inspection forms • Posting placards • Yellow “Do Not Cross Line” tape • Staple gun/thumbtacks for placards • Communication equipment • Names and phone number of emergency personnel • Locations of assistance locations (i.e. shelters, food and water locations, FEMA locations) • Copies of “Guidance for owners and occupants of damaged buildings”

Suggested Items:

• Battery operated lanterns and extra batteries • Assorted tools: hammers, handsaws, crowbars, wire cutters, gas cutoff wrench • Carpenter’s level/surveyor’s hand levels

Damage DAMAGE ASSESSMENT TEAM Assessment FIELD SAFETY


J. Field Safety for Damage Assessment Teams.

1. Safety in the Field.

Following disaster, many buildings become so heavily damaged that the danger from collapsed or falling debris can be quite high. Consequently, teams must be conscious of their own safety. Remember the following safety tips: • Always travel in teams of at least two (2) people. • Always wear a hard hat. • Survey the building exterior completely before entering. • Enter a building only if deemed safe to do so. • Avoid all areas where a hazardous material release is suspected or confirmed. • Use available safety equipment when appropriate. • Be alert for falling objects. • In case of fire, evacuate the area and alert the fire department immediately. • Avoid downed power lines and buildings under them. • In case of gas leaks, shut off the gas (if possible) and report the leak

2. Hazardous Materials.

Hazardous materials are very prevalent in any community. Most chemicals are marked for identification and safety purposes. In most communities the fire department is assigned the responsibility for maintaining information on hazardous materials stored in the area. Try to obtain this information before beginning an inspection. Sites that have potential spills should be approached from upwind. If a spill is suspected do not approach. Notify fire department and EOC. a. Recognition of Hazardous Materials.

• The type of facility (e.g. building used for chemical storage, industrial plant, and

laboratory) is often an indicator that hazardous substances may be found. • Clues to possible hazardous material spills include:

− Breached container. − Obvious solid or liquid spill − Unique odors, strange noises, or physical reactions (e.g. nausea, dizziness,

eye/skin irritation, dead animals). − Pipeline rupture.

• Damaged fireproofing or broken insulation on pipes and around boilers in older buildings may indicate friable asbestos.

b. Actions to be Taken When Hazardous Materials Found. • Leave, seal off, if possible, and post any area where a chemical spill or asbestos

contamination is suspected.

Damage DAT Field Safety (cont’d) Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

• Notify the local fire department or, if unavailable, the EMA Duty Officer/EOC. If possible, make note of the chemical name or any markings on the container.

Damage CRITICAL FACILITIES Assessment INVENTORY


K. Critical Facilities Inventory (CFI). Facility Address POC Number Email Airports School Boards Hospitals Sewage and Water Treatment Facilities Water Authorities Water Boards Other Nursing Homes Bridges

Damaged Building Damage Guidance (cont’d) Assessment


J anuar y, 2008

L. Guidance for Owners and Occupants of Damaged Buildings (Appendix A; ATC 20-2)

This appendix is intended to provide basic information to owners or tenants of buildings that suffer earthquake damage. Guidance is provided to answer many of the typical questions that arise during the post-earthquake recovery period. The issues covered include (1) the safety evaluation process and the meaning of each of the three safety evaluation postings; (2) the process of securing services to perform repairs; and (3) how to obtain aid from disaster assistance organizations. Building jurisdictions or other agencies may adapt this chapter for use as a handout or other document if the ATC source document is credited.

A.1 Understanding Safety Assessment Procedures and Postings

If a building you own or in which you reside or work is damaged by an earthquake it should be inspected by safety evaluation personnel working for the local government building jurisdiction. You can contact the jurisdiction to request this safety evaluation. The evaluation may not be possible until a few days after the earthquake, depending on the extent of local damage and the number of available qualified inspectors and engineers assigned to your area. If substantial damage is apparent, do not wait for an official evaluation of the building: the prudent choice is to discontinue use and occupancy of the building to prevent potential injuries that may occur due to collapse or other falling hazard conditions that could occur unexpectedly or as a result of earthquake aftershocks. You may want to engage a design or construction professional at this time to inspect the damage, recommend repair work, obtain emergency permits, or begin repair work, as required. This process is discussed below in Section A.2.

When an authorized safety evaluation team from the jurisdiction does arrive it is very important to cooperate with them by providing both information about observed damage and access to the building. The first safety evaluation team to arrive will likely be conducting what is called a Rapid Evaluation. They will spend 15 to 60 minutes inspecting the property, depending on its size, complexity, and extent of damage. Their responsibility is to quickly determine if a building is safe enough to occupy, and if not, to decide what restrictions to place on its use or entry. The inspection will result in one of three posting placards (discussed below) being placed near the entrances to the building indicating the outcome of the team’s safety evaluation. The team will also record the inspection findings and posting placard determination on an evaluation form for the jurisdiction.

Unsafe Posting (Red Placard)

If damage visible from the exterior obviously poses a severe hazard for entry or occupancy, the safety evaluation team may be limited to inspecting only the exterior of the building. In such cases the posting most likely to be used is a red UNSAFE placard. This placard indicates it is unsafe to occupy or enter the building for any reason. Even when a building can be entered for inspection it is still possible that internal damage could pose dangers requiring an Unsafe posting. It is also possible that an otherwise safe building must be posted Unsafe because it is threatened by falling hazards from a nearby building. The legal questions that may arise from such a circumstance are important, but unfortunately they are beyond the scope of this document.

The UNSAFE placard is posted only when there is an immediate risk associated with entry, use, or occupancy. While its meaning may vary somewhat among building jurisdictions, it usually means that the building owner must apply for a permit to enter the building by means acceptable

Damage DAMAGED BUILDING Assessment GUIDANCE


to the jurisdiction. These means may include engaging an engineer and contractor (See Section A.2 below) to assess the risks and, as necessary, remove falling hazards, shore unstable elements, provide protective scaffolding, or otherwise mitigate hazards. It is very important to understand that the “red tag” Unsafe posting does not automatically mean that the property has been condemned or will require demolition. Indeed, rarely is damage so severe or the threat to either an adjacent property or important right-of-way so high that an order to demolish a building is issued. Local officials normally will contact and involve the building owner and the owner’s engineer or contractor in the process of making any demolition decisions and allowing for belongings removal. Some building owners may voluntarily choose to demolish their building if repairing it is clearly uneconomical, but again, this is not the usual consequence for buildings posted Unsafe. There are several options for building owners for the removal of goods from buildings posted Unsafe, depending on the specific condition of a building and the policies of the jurisdiction.

1. The owner, with or without the assistance of a construction professional, proposes to the

jurisdiction a method of how and where the building may be entered without hazard in order to remove belongings. If this method is acceptable to the jurisdiction, it allows the owner or tenants to enter the building in accordance with the method. The jurisdiction may require that a permit be obtained. It may also require that any entry be under the supervision of the jurisdiction or the construction professional, and that hard hats be worn by those entering the building.

2. At the discretion of the jurisdiction, the owner takes out an emergency permit to perform

sufficient work on the building to make it safe to enter to remove belongings. The owner will need to present a hazard mitigation and entry plan that is satisfactory to the jurisdiction. The jurisdiction may require that licensed engineers or contractors prepare this plan and supervise its execution. This plan might include shoring of parts of the building, removal of falling hazards, construction of overhead barriers, or other means that permit safe entry to all or part of the building. This plan may or may not be a part of an overall plan to repair the building.

3. The jurisdiction may believe that the building is so precarious that no hazard mitigation

measures are possible that would permit even limited entry to remove belongings. This can occur when the building condition creates an undue risk even to workers attempting to mitigate the hazards. The jurisdiction should invite the owner and the owner’s professional construction consultants to propose a mitigation and entry plan. If no hazard and mitigation plan can be proposed that is satisfactory to the jurisdiction, the building would have to be demolished with the belongings still inside. The urgency of this determination will depend on whether the building threatens an adjacent property or important right-of-way.

Jurisdictions have often taken an active role in expediting the above options when the building owner has been unwilling or unable to perform. In the case of tenant demands for access and owner inaction, the jurisdiction may mitigate hazards as necessary to allow for limited belongings access. The jurisdiction may proceed with demolition if the need is pressing and the owner is uncooperative.

Restricted Use Posting (Yellow Placard)

An intermediate posting called Restricted Use is used by the evaluation team to address situations where a clearly unsafe condition does not exist but the observed damage precludes unrestricted occupancy. Unlike the Unsafe posting, the Restricted Use posting does not usually require that the owner obtain a permit to allow entry. For example, if the evaluation reveals damage of a



J anuar y, 2008

nature that requires that there be no entry to a portion of the building or some restriction on the use or occupancy of the whole building, the yellow RESTRICTED USE placard will normally be used.

Examples of nonstructural damage that could lead to a Restricted Use posting include the loss of use of basic sanitary facilities due to broken water or sewer pipes or damage to a fire sprinkler system required for safe full occupancy. Localized structural damage may place a portion of a building in an unsafe condition while other areas remain usable. Overall damage may be such that entry is appropriate for occupants to remove belongings and for contractors to make repairs, but is not appropriate for normal occupancy. A description of the limits or conditions of continued use will be written on the RESTRICTED USE placard. If you are present when a Restricted Use posting is made, you should ask the inspectors for a clear explanation of the limits placed on entry or occupancy and this verbal explanation should be consistent with the limits as written on the placard. If you return to your property and find a RESTRICTED USE placard that does not adequately explain the limits of entry or use, you should contact the jurisdiction for more specific information before entering the building.

When there is damage that is not a safety hazard but is detrimental to the quality of health or living conditions for long-term occupancy, the jurisdiction may have instructed the inspectors to place a RESTRICTED USE placard. No occupancy or use restrictions would be stated, but the placard would note that the owner must correct the listed deficiencies under a permit.

In addition to posting the entire building, posting may be necessary at specific locations outside a building. In situations in which a potential falling hazard exists, the immediate area below that part of the building may be marked or otherwise barricaded with yellow tape having a message that reads Do Not Cross Line, Restricted Area—Keep Out, or similar cautionary wording. Damaged masonry chimneys, parapets, or veneers above outside spaces are examples of falling hazards requiring such barricading.

Inspected Posting (Green Placard)

Where damage does not pose any significant safety hazard, the proper posting should be a green INSPECTED placard. This posting is intended only to inform occupants that the building may be safely occupied; it does not imply that existing damage should be ignored or that repairs are not necessary.

If the inspection team was not able to enter the building but found no hazards at the exterior, the INSPECTED placard will be marked “Exterior Only.” If the inspection team was also able to enter the building and found no hazards, the INSPECTED placard will be marked “Exterior and Interior.” If you return to your building and find an INSPECTED placard marked “Exterior Only,” you should request a re-inspection if you believe there are hazards inside the building.

Posting Changes

It is possible that subsequent aftershocks could create new damage or increase the initial damage, causing the need for an Inspected or Restricted Use posting to be changed to a more restricted level of use. If you have evidence that an aftershock has substantially increased damage to your building, you should contact the building inspection office to schedule a re-inspection. It is likely that the building inspection office will consider the re-inspection of posted buildings after a major aftershock, even if re-inspections are not requested by the owner.



The Rapid Evaluation team may decide that a more extensive inspection is needed. They will post the building to their best judgment, but they will also request what is called a Detailed Evaluation. The jurisdiction may also require that all Unsafe and Restricted Use postings by Rapid Evaluation teams receive a Detailed Evaluation as a second opinion to ensure that the restrictions on your property use are appropriate. The Detailed Evaluation team will have more time and will have specialist members to conduct a more thorough investigation that may result in a posting different from that given by the Rapid Evaluation team. In the meantime, however, the posting by the Rapid Evaluation team must be observed.



J anuar y, 2008

A.2 Steps to Take to Ensure Damage Is Properly Repaired If your building is damaged in an earthquake and appears repairable, you will need to assess the damage, determine what efforts are necessary for re-occupancy, and begin these efforts. You will probably need the services of design and construction professionals and permits from the local building jurisdiction. Your choice of which construction professional to initially contact will depend on your preliminary assessment of the repair and hazard mitigation needs, your knowledge and acquaintance with the local professionals, and their availability.

You may begin the engagement of design and construction professionals at any time, that is, you need not wait until the Rapid and, if done, Detailed Evaluations are completed. The jurisdiction will usually allow the entry and occupancy of a building to be determined by a design professional engaged by the owner, if their written and signed occupancy recommendations appear reasonable and are posted on the building.

Most architects, contractors, and engineers belong to either a regional or state association that can provide names, phone numbers, or perhaps some information on the type of work in which their members specialize. The building inspection office may also provide similar lists but it is very unlikely that they will offer to recommend any specific firm. Recommendations are perhaps best sought from other individuals, business associates; family, friends, or neighbors who have recently used the services of the type of professional you are seeking. In certain cases an engineering geologist may also be needed when a building site is steeply inclined or has certain soil conditions that must be considered in the repair design.

After reviewing the recommendations for and availabilities of architects, contractors, or engineers, you can then begin the process of engaging them. When widespread damage occurs, the resulting demand for construction repairs may cause even legitimate local construction professionals to charge higher prices than would normally be expected. Obtaining several bids for the needed repair work can help secure a more reasonable price. Prior to signing any contract to perform repairs or other services, be sure that it contains a complete description of the scope of work and requires that a building permit be obtained. Contractors often require that a percentage of the full contract price be paid before beginning work, but it is generally neither necessary nor prudent to pay the entire amount in advance. For example, state law in California limits the advance payment that must be given to a contractor prior to beginning work to ten percent of the total contract price.

Permits will be needed from the jurisdiction to begin work, and obtaining them might be done by you or by the construction professionals you have engaged. The local building jurisdiction office will be a very busy and perhaps even a confusing place to obtain permits and information needed to initiate repairs after a major earthquake. The specific rules applying to the reconstruction or repair of your building will undoubtedly be somewhat different than those used in non-disaster situations. Since some of the requirements may be waived (e.g., fees) and others may be specially imposed (e.g., soil or engineering reports) under these circumstances, you should definitely inquire about what rules apply to your specific location and extent of damage. There may be situations that require an older structure to be repaired using current standards for earthquake resistance rather than those used in the original construction. Use of these current methods can substantially reduce the damage caused by future earthquakes, but this will also usually raise the cost of the repair work.

In the aftermath of most disasters where large numbers of buildings are damaged or destroyed, there are likely to be opportunists posing as legitimate contractors willing to assist you in making



needed repairs. The best way to avoid these unscrupulous or illegal operators is to ask for proof of both a current state contractor’s license and a certificate of worker’s compensation insurance. Although this evidence cannot necessarily ensure top quality workmanship, it certainly will avoid other problems that can result from using the services of either uninsured or unlicensed individuals.

If you are attempting to make repairs on your own without the help of contractors, be aware that you will still need a building permit or similar authorization and that you must request the required inspections for that work. Certain minor cosmetic work (e.g., replacing or patching cracked interior wall finish materials) may be exempted, but other repairs (e.g., fixing chimneys, or repairing any damaged structural members) will likely need a permit. While this may seem bothersome, it will help prevent challenges to the adequacy of the work performed when a property is sold or if insurance claims are made.

A.3 Guidelines for Securing Disaster Assistance

The details, limitations, and eligibility requirements for various types of federal, state, or local aid cannot be specifically listed here, because they are subject to change and are often unique to the situation and the disaster. The best source for current information on these subjects will be the locally established disaster application center.

If earthquake-specific coverage is included in an insurance policy covering your property, your first step should be to contact the claims office of the insurance company. You may also be eligible to make a claim for federal or state assistance to cover uninsured losses or deductibles that may apply to your coverage. Whether or not insurance coverage applies to your losses, you should document all the visible damage with photographs and a narrative of what each shows. Also keep a record of the nature, extent, and cost of any emergency repairs made by yourself or others immediately after the earthquake and any other expenses related to the earthquake damage or the loss of use of the building. The importance of such documentation cannot be over-stressed, because the full amount of any insurance settlement or financial assistance that may be available in the form of low interest loans and, occasionally, grants, will require significant proof regarding damages, repairs, and expenses.

Damage to your home may be severe enough to require your family to relocate to temporary or even long-term alternative housing. Following a disaster, the local chapter of the American Red Cross is responsible for providing emergency shelters at locations such as schools. Information on the exact locations can be obtained from the Red Cross or local government authorities. Other local nonprofit and community service organizations may also be providing aid including food and clothing, and state and county health departments may offer personal counseling.

If a presidential declaration of a disaster is made, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), or other cognizant federal agency, in conjunction with local government, will establish a local Disaster Application Center (DAC). These centers will normally begin functioning several days to a week after a disaster, and their locations will be announced by newspapers and other media. Representatives from local, state and federal agencies with disaster relief responsibility will be assigned to these centers.

FEMA, or other cognizant federal agency, will address the needs of owners or tenants facing long-term displacement from their principal housing. This assistance can take several forms but often is provided by vouchers that cover a portion of the costs to obtain alternative existing housing. Business owners will be able to apply for loans from the federal Small Business



J anuar y, 2008

Administration (SBA) at the Disaster Application Center. There is also a program for homeowners. These loans are normally made at below-market interest rates and can be applied to repairing or replacing a building; however, loan eligibility is based on the ability of the borrower to repay. To verify reported damages and assess the amount of financial assistance you may be eligible to receive, representatives from the jurisdiction processing your assistance claim will normally inspect your building.



Blank Intentionally

damage assessment operating guide - official · pdf filedamage assessment . operating guide ....

Documents