daily news diary

DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.10.2020

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DAILY NEWS DIARY of

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27.10.2020

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Warm Greetings.

DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in sync with the

UPSC pattern.

It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains.

Daily articles are provided in the form of Question and

Answers

To have a bank of mains questions.

And interesting to read.

Providing precise information that can be carried

straight to the exam, rather than over dumping.

Enjoy reading.

THE HINDU - TH

INDIAN EXPRESS - IE

BUSINESS LINE - BL

ECONOMIC TIMES - ET

TIMES OF INDIA - TOI




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INDEX Essay Paper

Editorial

1. Domestic Violence (2020) Judgement……………………………….………………….....04

GS 1

Geography 1. New findings in Indus-Valley civilization ................………………………..……….....….05

GS 3 AGRICULTURE

1. Millets cultivation…………………………………………………………………………………….……06

ENVIRONMENT

2. Climate change effecting the Himalayans Bear………………………………………………08




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ESSAY PAPER

EDITORIAL

Q - What factors can be attributed to the high incidence of domestic violence in Indian families?

Are laws not in force to prevent victimization of women in their own homes? Analyse. Also

suggest ways which can check this problem.

In 2005, Parliament enacted the protection of women from Domestic Violence (DV) Act.

The DV Act was a critically important law that recognised and codified a set of rights intended

to protect women from domestic violence and domestic abuse.

The recognised the Domestic Violence is triggered – and enabled by the vast differences of

power that exist within our family structure.

Long-standing norms that operates to make the husband’s family home as the default

matrimonial home, or create and sustain disparate earning capacities between the spouses,

ensure that, in many cases, women lack the social and economic support structure that would

enable them to effectively resist domestic violence, or to leave abusive relationships.

DV Act prescribed a set of remedies that women could avail of in situation where they were

faced with domestic violence:

One of these remedies is the right to residence, codified under Section 17 of the DV Act.

The right to residence is based on the recognition that in a significant number of relationships,

the marital household will either be under the legal control of the husband, or his parents,

and the women will not always be in a position to return to her own family home.

In such situation, the threat – or the potential social shame – of homelessness creates a

situation of “no exit” from the abusive relationship.

To prevent this DV Act specifically provides that “every woman in a domestic relationship

shall have the right to reside in the shared household”, and that she cannot be excluded or

evicted from it, except through legal process.

SUPREME COURT 2007 JUDGEMENT:

The SC interpreted in a narrow and restrictive meaning to the right of residence. It held that only

where the “shared household” either legally belonged to the husband, or where it was joint family

property.

The judgement based its interpretation on a strained reading of the phrase “shared household” under

the DV Act, and by raising the spectre of the “chaos” that would ensure of every place the married

couple had ever stayed in could be treated as a “shared household”, where the wife could claim

residence rights.




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SUPREME COURTS 2020 JUDGEMENT:

In Satish Chander Ahuja v Sneha Ahuja, the court acknowledged that its old reading was wrong, and

the specific purpose of the DV Act- which was to protect the rights of women subjected to domestic

violence, within the Indian social context – required a broad reading of “shared household” and

residence rights.

Thus held that residence right were not limited to situations where the shared household was joint

family property, or belonged to the husband.

The court judgement is important not just for its progressive outcome, but also for its reasoning:

The court refrains from treating the entitlements under the DV Act as paternalistic gifts to protect

the “weaker” party, but expressly frames them in the language of rights.

It is, therefore an important step forward in making the DV Act an effective rights-legislation.

GS-1

Geography Q - Examine the different aspects and uniqueness of Indus Valley Civilisation in relation to its social

practices on the line of recent discovery along with suitable examples.

Context: The year 2020 marks 100 years of discovery of Indus Valley Civilisation, and a new study has

shown that dairy products were being produced by the Harappans as far back as 2500 BCE.

By analysing residues on ancient pots, researchers show the earliest direct evidence of dairy product

processing. This has thrown fresh light on the rural economy of the civilisation. The studies were

carried out on 59 shards of pottery from KotadaBhadli, a small archeological site in present-day

Gujarat.

When we talk about Harappans, we always refer to the metropolitan cities and the big towns. But

we have no idea of the parallel economy — agro-pastoral or rural. We know they had great urban




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Planning, trading systems, jewellery making. But we don't have any idea how the common masters

were living during the Harappan times, their lifestyle and how they were contributing in the larger

network.

Carbon isotope studies:

The team used molecular analysis techniques to study the residues from ancient pottery. “Pots are

porous. So as soon as we put any liquid form of food, it will absorb it. The pot preserves the molecules

of food such as fats and proteins. Using techniques like C16 and C18 analysis we can identify the

source of liqids.

Traces were seen in cooking vessels indicating that milk may have been boiled and consumed.

Residues in a bowl were also found, showing that either heated milk or curd could have been served.

There are also remains of a perforated vessel, and similar vessels were used in Europe to make

cheese. So it is possible that they were further processing milk into different forms.

Animal husbandry:

The team was also able to show which type of animals were being used for dairy production. They

studied the tooth enamel from fossils of cattle, water buffalo, goat and sheep found in the area. Cows

and water buffalo were found to consume millets, while sheep and goats ate nearby grass and leaves.

A preliminary study suggested that most of the cattle and water-buffalo died at an older age,

suggesting they could have been raised for milk, whereas the majority of goat/sheep died when they

were young, indicating they could have been used for meat.

The large herd indicates that milk was produced in surplus so that it could be exchanged and there

could have been some kind of trade between settlements. This could have given rise to an industrial

level of dairy exploitation.

The most fascinating thing about the Indus Valley Civilisation is that it is faceless — there is no king,

no bureaucratic organisations, but there are these very close regional interactions between

settlements, a symbiotic relationship of give and take that helped the civilisation survive for so long.

GS-3

AGRICULTURE Q – What are the reformative steps taken by the government to increase the Millet production in more efficientmanner?




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Q – Prepare a short note on Millets and its significance also write the steps taken by government to increase its production?

Millets also known as Super food and its production is seen as an approach for sustainable

agriculture and a healthy world. Multidimensional benefits associated with ,millets and address

the issue related to nutrition security, food systems security and farmers welfare.

In 2018 Millet has been declared as the National Year if Millets and India has called for declaring

2023 as the “International Year of Millets”.

But in general perception it is considered as the “poor person’s food”. Therefore, it is necessary

to re-brand coarse cereals/millets as nutri-cereals and promote their production and

consumption.

MILLETS PRODUCTION IN INDIA:

The three major millets are jowar (sorghum), bajra (pearl millet), and ragi (finger millet).

Along with that, India grows a rich array of bio-genetically diverse and indigenous varieties of “small

millets” like kodo, kutki, chenna and sanwa.

Major production includes: Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,

Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana.

As Millets are resistant to climatic stress, pests and diseases, this makes them a sustainable food

source for combating hunger in changing world climate.

Millets are not water or input-intensive, making them a sustainable strategy for addressing climate

change and building resilient agri-food systems.

It has high dietary fibre, nutri-cereals (iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, copper, vitamins and

antioxidants.

It helps in healthy development in children and also reduces the risk of heart diseases.

It can easily be grown on dry, low-fertile, mountainous, tribal and rain-fed areas.

Millets are good for soil and have shorter cultivation cycles and require less cost-intensive

cultivation.




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STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT:

Increase in MSP: The govt has hiked the MSP of millets, which came as a big price incentive for

farmers.

To provide a steady market for the produce, the govt has included millets in the public distribution

system.

The govt has introduced provision of seed kits and inputs to farmers, building value chains through

Farmer Producer Organisations and supporting the marketability of millets.

The ministry of Women and Child Development has been working at the intersection of agriculture

and nutrition by setting up nutri-gardens, prompting research on the interlink ages between crop

diversity and dietary and running a behaviour change to generate consumer demand for nutri-cereals.

EVORNMENT

Q - ‘Climate Change’ is a global problem. How will India be affected by climate change? How Himalayan

animals in some states of India will be affected by climate change?

Climate change is one of the largest threats currently faced globally, which has the capacity to change

the face of the globe due to its ill effects. In this regard, the phenomenon is given the highest

importance when it comes to tackling it.

Threats to Himalayan Brown Bears:

According to study conducted by Zoological Survey of India, there is a massive decline of 73% of the

bear's habitat by 2050. The habitat of the brown bear is most vulnerable to global warming, as the

elevation on which the bear resides is getting warmer faster than other elevation zones of Himalayas.

Habitats will become uninhabitable

Loss of connectivity of protected areas

Himalayan Brown Bears: • This bear is heavier built and has a brown coat. • One of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas. • IUCN status: Least Concern • The Himalayan brown bear in India is found through the Western Himalayan states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand at alleviation of 3000-5000 m. They have also been




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Observed in southern and western Ladakh, in the upper Suru and Zanskar valleys.

• The best place to find them in India is the Greater Himalayan National Park in Himachal Pradesh

although they are very difficult to spot as they spend most of their time above the tree line in alpine

Scrubs and meadows. In fact, these bears are one of the least arboreal bear species, meaning they

spend More time on ground than on trees.

Consider the following statements regarding Indus Valley civilization –

1. Dairy processing was done. 2. Animal Husbandry was practiced. 3. We have definitive proof of existence of large parallel rural economy. Select the correct option: a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 only d. All the above

Hey from yesterday….

Which of the following can be one of the reasons of Anaemia 1. less iron intake

2. Deficiency of folic acid

3. Deficiency of B12

Select the correct answer using the code given below a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1, 2 and 3 d. 2 and 3 only

Answer: c

Note: Iron. Iron-rich foods include beef and other meats, beans, lentils, iron-fortified cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, and dried fruit.

Folate. This nutrient, and its synthetic form folic acid, can be found in fruits and fruit juices, dark green leafy vegetables, green peas, kidney beans, peanuts, and enriched grain products, such as bread, cereal, pasta and rice.

Vitamin B-12. Foods rich in vitamin B-12 include meat, dairy products, and fortified cereal and soy products.

Vitamin C. Foods rich in vitamin C include citrus fruits and juices, peppers, broccoli, tomatoes, melons and strawberries. These also help increase iron absorption.




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