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INFFUSER®

INDUCTION DIFFUSERS

®

…Breathing Life

Into Your Building…

SB-INF/1.0 (09/12)

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Our Mission…

“To be the leading specialist in energy efficient and environmentally sustainable HVAC technologies

and technical expertise, with the aim of delivering the most efficient and value added solution.”

Going Beyond Conventional Wisdom…

In the design of a typical HVAC system many decisions are made based largely on past experience and

conventional wisdom. While this often results in a satisfactory system, it may not result in an optimal

“green” design. With the movement toward sustainable building designs, there is an increased emphasis

on improving both the energy efficiency and comfort level of all types of HVAC systems.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems typically provide adequate room temperature control, but there

are often concerns about air movement and humidity control at part load conditions. In addition, the

supply fans in an ‘all-air’ HVAC system tend to consume the most energy in a typical North American

commercial building.

DADANCO INFFUSERS offer an opportunity to improve both the energy efficiency and comfort level of

VAV systems, as well as in other conventional HVAC systems in many market sectors including Schools

and Universities, Healthcare and Hospitals, Hotels, Laboratories, Commercial offices, Government,

Institutional and Defense buildings, either for New build or Green renovation.

Contents…

What is an INFFUSER Page 3

What is Internal or External entrainment Page 4

Why are INFFUSERS “Green” Page 5

Induction versus Aspiration Page 6

Common Applications Page 7

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What is an INFFUSER…

DADANCO’s INFFUSERS are quite

simply an ‘induction diffuser’ that

uses special nozzles located in the

underside of the air plenum to mix

primary air (ducted from the central

air handling plant) with secondary air

that is Induced from either the ceiling

return air plenum (via *External

entrainment) or room (via *Internal

entrainment) to increase the total

amount of air delivered to the space.

When INFFUSERS are used in conjunction with low temperature supply air systems that operate with

primary air temperatures in the range of 48°F-50°F, the correct selection based on the space design

conditions will ensure that the mixed air (primary plus secondary) delivered by the INFFUSER is above

the room dew point, without the need for local fans, filters, controls or power supply at the outlet.

INFFUSERS have been successfully used in conjunction with primary air temperatures as low as 43°F,

however such applications must be referred to DADANCO for approval. INFFUSERS are an ideal

replacement outlet for conditioned spaces that suffer from poor or inadequate air movement. They

are available as either a 4’ long or continuous 1 slot 1-way or 2 slot 2–way linear diffuser or as a 2’ x 2’ 4–

way diffuser, all with the option of either *Internal or *External entrainment. DADANCO’s technology

nozzles rapidly induce secondary air to reduce the momentum and height of the potential core zone,

significantly reducing noise generation.

DADANCO INFFUSERS are whisper

quiet at inlet static pressures in the

range of 0.1 - 0.3” w.c., and are suitable

for use in any air distribution system

where increased air movement and

tempered primary air temperatures

would be of benefit.

(*see entrainment description on page 4)

IDL20e(Linear 2–way discharge)

IDS60e(Square 4–way discharge)

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What is Internal or External entrainment…

With Internal entrainment models the

conditioned primary air from the central air

handling plant (1) is ducted into the INFFUSER

plenum (2). This air leaves the plenum through

a series of nozzles located in its underside into

a sub divided mixing chamber behind the

diffuser (3). This process induces secondary

room air (4) up through the central area of

the diffuser into the Inffuser mixing chamber

directly from the room where it’s mixed with

the primary air. This mixed (and tempered) air

(5) is then discharged into the room via the

outer areas of the diffuser.

With External entrainment models the

conditioned primary air from the central

air handling plant (1) is ducted into the

INFFUSER plenum (2). This air leaves the

plenum through a series of nozzles located in

its underside. This process

induces secondary air from

the ceiling return air plenum

(3) into the discharge path from the

nozzles where it mixes with the primary air.

This mixed (and tempered) air (4) is then

discharged into the room via the diffuser.

In both cases the primary air is tempered

by the induced secondary air before the

combination is discharged into the room via

the diffuser.

External Entrainment

Internal Entrainment

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Why are Inffusers “Green”…

In an “all-air” system such as VAV, primary air is typically delivered to the room at 55ºF. Most designers,

striving to reduce energy and save space, never consider the merits of using lower primary air

temperature due to their concerns about achieving occupier comfort while delivering colder air.

On a typical building (at sea level) with

a space design temperature of 75ºF

and primary air at 55ºF (20 ΔT), for

every ton of cooling needed, 553 cfm

of primary air has to be conditioned

and delivered by the central plant.

When the temperature is lowered by

5ºF to 50ºF (25 ΔT), the air volume is

reduced to 443 cfm (approximately 20%

less to provide the same amount of

sensible cooling). This graph shows the

Percentage Change in Primary Air Flow when the air temperature is changed relative to the initial ΔT.

When the biggest consumer of energy in the HVAC system is the primary air fan, any reduction in flow

provides energy savings and lower operating costs. As lower primary air temperatures tend to be below

the space dew point, concerns about condensation forming must be a consideration along with the

diffusers’ ability to mix the colder air within the given throw distance in order to avoid drafts and, on VAV

systems under part load conditions, the increased potential for the colder air to dump as the air volume

decreases.

DADANCO’s INFFUSERS use entrainment to temper the primary air and increase the volume delivered

(typically 1–2 times the amount of primary & generally in the 60’s ºF in cooling and 80’s ºF in heating)

meaning that the air is delivered above the dew point, is warmer and as a result, needs less mixing in

the room to avoid drafts. Therefore, the possibility for dumping is dramatically reduced, and by correct

selection, the condensation risk is eliminated. Even with 20% less air volume, the latent cooling capacity

of the air at 50ºF (95% RH) is over 2 times that of air at 55ºF at the same RH, therefore lower primary air

temperatures offer significantly better humidity control. So INFFUSERS are ‘Green’ because they allow

you to save energy by reducing the primary air volume needed to cool the building, reducing the size of

the central air handler and ductwork, saving operation cost. Laboratory tests were conducted at varying

primary air temperatures and room humidity levels. These test results indicate that, with a room design

temperature of 75ºF, moisture did not form on the Inffuser faces using 46ºF primary air until the room’s

relative humidity reached 75%. With adequate latent cooling capacity being provided by the primary

air, this condition will not occur.

0%

5%

10%

15%

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10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

Initial Delta T (F)

% C

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Air

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1 ( F ) Change2 ( F ) Change





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Induction versus Aspiration…

The induction process is significantly different to aspiration. Aspiration occurs when room air mixes

with the air being discharged from the terminal outlet, which occurs to a varying extent with all types

of diffusers.

The amount of air being induced by the

INFFUSERS can be closely controlled

and measured by varying the number

and size of nozzles within the unit.

Induction, as opposed to aspiration, is

the process of mixing primary and room

air within the INFFUSER before the

mixed (and tempered) air is discharged

into the room.

The aspiration process relies on mixing

the supply and room air within the

room, in essence using the room as a

mixing chamber.

High aspiration products such as swirl diffusers do not induce air from the room or ceiling return plenum

into the product’s internal mixing chamber prior to discharging into the room, so when primary air is

supplied at 48°F through one of these devices, you have to consider all the inherent issues of delivering

low temperature air significantly below the room dew point into the room.

DADANCO INFFUSERS utilize unique nozzle and fluid dynamics technology to provide very high air

entrainment ratios at low pressure drops and superior performance at low noise levels.

Due to the fact that DADANCO INFFUSERS are an induction device, airflow

measurements should not be taken with an air capture hood. The only way to

accurately measure the primary air flow into the INFFUSER is by reading the

static pressure from the commissioning sampling tube from the INFFUSER

plenum. A ‘primary air flow vs. static pressure’ chart is provided for each unit.

Do not utilize static pressure readings in the duct near the INFFUSER inlet and presume it will be the

same as that in the unit’s primary air plenum for commissioning purposes as this measurement could

be significantly different from that measured through the commissioned sampling tube.

Primary Air(Ducted)

Secondary Air(by Induction)

Aspiration

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Common applications…

Any air distribution system where an increase in the quantity of

supply air delivered to the room at a more temperate temperature

is of benefit such as those spaces that suffer from:

• Needingmorecoolingcapacitydeliveredwithexistinginfrastructure.

• Poororinadequateairdistribution.

• Dumpingordraftissuesundercooling.

• Stratificationproblemsunderheating.

Any air distribution system being designed to save energy or striving to achieve LEED certification and,

therefore, the use of low temperature primary air (45-50ºF), in order to reduce primary airflow volume

by 20-30%, is of benefit such as in spaces where:

• Therearebuildingconstraintsthatlimitspaceavailableforthecentralairhandlingplant.

• Therearebuildingconstraintsthatlimitthespaceavailableforsupply/returnductwork&terminal outlets.

• Thezoneshavelowtomediumsensiblecoolingandheatingloaddensities.

• Thezoneisrunningat,ornearto,minimumfreshairrequirementsandtighthumiditycontrol is essential.

Type Application Solution

Improve the energy performance of an existing VAV or CAV system.

Reduce primary air temperature and airflow rate leaving the cooling coil to maintain the cooling capacity required. Replace existing diffusers with INFFUSERS to temper the air being delivered to the conditioned space.

Existing

Air distribution/movement is inadequate andexisting ductwork sizes are not large enough to permit supply air quantities to be increased.

Retain ductwork and replace existing diffusers with INFFUSERS to increase the supply air quantity and air movement being delivered to the conditioned space.

Building Cooling capacity is inadequate and existing ductwork sizes are not large enough to permit supply air quantities to be increased.

Retain ductwork and reduce the primary air temperature for increased cooling capacity using INFFUSERS to temper the air being delivered to the conditioned space.

Replacement of fan-powered VAV units to eliminate fan energy and VAV terminal maintenance considerations.

Replace fan-powered VAV units with single duct VAV terminals, retain ductwork, replace existing diffusers with INFFUSERS to temper the air being delivered to the conditioned space

New

LEED design where lower temperature primary air delivers benefits in fan energy savings and reduced system infrastructure.

Design the system for lower primary air temperatures and air quantities using INFFUSERS to temper the air and deliver higher air circulation rates to the space.

Building Where internal zone loads are less than 15 Btu/h/sq.ft. and good air circulation andhumidity control is required.

Design the system with low temperature (48°F) primary air andflowrateofapproximately0.5cfm/sq.using INFFUSERS to temper the air and deliver higher air circulation rates to the space.

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Government, Institutional & Defense Buildings

Hospital & Healthcare………………

Schools & Universities……………

Commercial Offices……………

Green Renovations………

Laboratories………

Hotels…… ®

260 North Elm Street Westfield, MA 01085 Ph: (413) 564 – 5657 Fax: (413) 568 – 5384

www.dadanco.com [email protected]

www.facebook.com/dadanco twitter.com/dadancohvac

Made in the USA

DADANCO INFFUSERSare produced in Westfield, MA

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