d. l. mcauslan, d. korystov, and j. j. longdell
DESCRIPTION
D. L. McAuslan, D. Korystov, and J. J. Longdell Jack Dodd Centre for Photonics and Ultra-Cold Atoms, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011. Coherent Spectroscopy of Rare-Earth-Ion Doped Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators. David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
D. L. McAuslan, D. Korystov, and J. J. LongdellJack Dodd Centre for Photonics and Ultra-Cold Atoms,
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Coherent Spectroscopy of Coherent Spectroscopy of Rare-Earth-Ion Doped Rare-Earth-Ion Doped
Whispering Gallery Mode Whispering Gallery Mode ResonatorsResonators
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs). Strong Coupling Regime of Cavity QED. Experiments.
◦Atom-Cavity Coupling.◦Coherence Time.◦Population Lifetime.◦Spectral Hole Lifetime.◦Optical Bistability/Normal-Mode Splitting.
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
OutlineOutline
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Whispering Gallery ModesWhispering Gallery Modes
Electric field confined to equator.
High quality factor.
Small mode volume.
Ideal for strong coupling cavity QED.
[1] S. Arnold et al., Opt. Lett. 28 (2003).
[1]
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Whispering Gallery ModesWhispering Gallery Modes
Microdisk Microtoroid Microsphere Crystalline
r~10-100 μm.
Q=107.r~20-100 μm.
Q=108.r~10-500μm.
Q=109.r~100-5000μm.
Q=1011.
[2] [3]
[1] T. J. Kippenberg, PhD. Thesis (2004).[2] A. Schliesser et al., Nature Physics 4 (2008).[3] Y. Park et al., Nano Lett. 6 (2006).[4] J. Hofer et al., PRA 82 (2010).
[1]
[2] [3][4]
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
κ – cavity decay rate:
γ – atomic population decay rate:
γh – atomic phase decay rate:
g – coupling between atoms and cavity:
Strong Coupling RegimeStrong Coupling Regime
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Critical atom number:
Saturation photon number:
N0<1, n0<1. “Good cavity” strong coupling regime: g > κ, γ, γh. “Bad cavity” strong coupling regime: κ > g >> γ, γh.
Strong Coupling RegimeStrong Coupling Regime
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Reversible State Transfer
Single Atom Detection
Why Strong Coupling?Why Strong Coupling?
D. L. McAuslan et al., Physical Review A 80, 062307 (2009)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Measure the properties of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 resonator.◦ Atom-cavity coupling.◦ Coherence time.◦ Population lifetime.◦ Spectral hole lifetime.
Calculate cavity QED parameters to determine viability of strong-coupling regime.
Aim of ExperimentsAim of Experiments
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Resonator:◦ 0.05% Pr3+:Y2SiO5.
◦ r = 1.95mm.◦ Q = 2 x 106.
Sample:◦ 0.02% Pr3+:Y2SiO5.
◦ 5x5x5mm cube.
Experimental SetupExperimental Setup
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
LO
Probe
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
π = 0.32μs for Pin = 700μW
ππ Pulse LengthPulse Length
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
Rabi frequency:
Atom-Cavity Coupling:
Compare to g calculated from the theoretical mode volume (V = 5.40 x 10-13 m3 for r = 1.95mm):
Atom-Cavity CouplingAtom-Cavity Coupling
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
e-2τ/T2
e-2τ/T2
Through Resonator Coupled into Resonator
Coherence TimeCoherence Time
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
e-2τ/T2
e-2τ/T2
Through Resonator Coupled into Resonator
Coherence TimeCoherence Time
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
T2 = 30.8 μs T2 = 21.0 μs
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
Through Resonator Coupled into Resonator
e-Τ/T1
e-Τ/T1
Population LifetimePopulation Lifetime
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
Through Resonator Coupled into Resonator
e-Τ/T1
e-Τ/T1
Population LifetimePopulation Lifetime
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
T1 = 205μs T1 = 187μs
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)
Spectral Hole LifetimeSpectral Hole Lifetime
D. L. McAuslan et al., ArXiv:1104.4150 (2011)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Optical bistability and normal-mode splitting studied by Ichimura and Goto in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 Fabry-Perot resonator [1].
Theory modified for a WGM resonator.
Fitting to experimental data gives:◦ g = 2π x 2.2 kHz.
Optical BistabilityOptical Bistability800μW 400μW
200μW 100μW
80μW 40μW
Sweep Sweep
[1] K. Ichimura and H. Goto, PRA 74 (2006)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
This resonator:◦ κ = 2π x 138 MHz.◦ γ = 2π x 0.851 kHz.
◦ γh= 2π x 2.34 kHz.
◦ g = 2π x 1.73 kHz.
◦ N0 = 2.15 x 105, n0 =0.166.
Need:◦ Smaller resonators.◦ Higher Q factors.◦ Different materials.
Cavity QED ParametersCavity QED Parameters
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Smaller VSmaller V
Single point diamond turning.◦ Crystalline resonators with R = 40 μm.◦ Possible to reduce V by 3 orders of magnitude.
[1]
[1] I. S. Grudinin et al., Opt. Commun. 265 (2006)David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Higher QHigher Q
We have measured Q = 2 x 108 in Y2SiO5 resonators.
Q = 3 x 1011 in CaF2 [1].
Bulk losses in Y2SiO5 measured using Fabry-Perot cavity [2].◦ α ≤ 7 x 10-4 cm-1.◦ Max Q ~ 3 x 108.
At least 2 orders of magnitude improvement possible.
Bulk losses should be lower in IR.[1] A. A. Savchenkov et al., Opt Exp. 15 (2007)[2] H. Goto et al., Opt. Exp. 18 (2010)
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
N0<1 for different materials.
MaterialsMaterials
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011
Performed an investigation into strong coupling cavity QED with rare-earth-ion doped WGM resonators.
Direct measurement of cavity QED parameters of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 WGM resonator.◦ g = 2π x 1.73 kHz.◦ γ = 2π x 0.851 kHz.◦ γh = 2π x 2.34 kHz.
Observed optical bistability and normal-mode splitting in resonator.
Achieving the strong coupling regime of cavity QED is feasible based on existing resonator technology.
ConclusionsConclusions
David McAuslan – QIP-REIDS2011