The Ship Stability Research Centre (SSRC) Expertise

George MermirisResearch Fellow

Presentation on the 26th of January in Galicia, Spain

Outline• SSRC Introduction • Decision-support systems• Damage stability & survivability • Software platform for RBD implementation and tool integration• Multi-objective / Multi-criteria design optimisation • Marine hydrodynamics (Potential code, RANSE, SPH, etc.) • Manoeuvring • Onboard systems availability • Fire simulation• Evacuation and pedestrian dynamics simulation (EVE/EVI) • Crashworthiness and residual strength assessment • Utilisation of databases in design and operation • Energy efficiency of ships and ship systems (DEMO)

• University of Strathclyde, Glasgow (www.strath.ac.uk)

• Member of the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (www.strath.ac.uk/na-me)

SSRC Introduction

SSRC IntroductionMission statement“To tackle, from a foundation of academic strength, problems of fundamental, strategic and applied nature, aiming to enhance understanding and knowledge in the fields of ship dynamics, stability and safety and to contribute to the development of cost-effective solutions and application to best practice of ship design/operation/regulation”

• To develop critical technologies of measuring safety level by addressing operational, extreme, accidental and catastrophic scenarios, accounting for the human element, and integrate these into a design environment

• To develop and implement effective procedures for safe, secure and economic operation of ships and for enhanced training

• To establish suitable risk-based-life-cycle design and regulatory frameworks to facilitate the implementation of first principles approaches to safety assurance

• To bridge the technological gap between front end research and industry best practice, to offer enhanced safety through innovation

SSRC Introduction

• Director: Prof. Dracos Vassalos • Staff: 20

• 8 ongoing research projects

SSRC Introduction

Decision-support system (Integrated Standard - iSTAND)• Monitoring of ship status• – Monitoring of sensors / alarms concerning flooding / fire / explosion /• – Status of relevant actuators (WT doors, valves, slide doors,, fire fighting, etc.)• • Diagnosis / Prognosis• – Evaluation of time evolution of ship status (current and forecast)• – Evaluation of residual functionality of pertinent critical systems• – Evaluation of mustering / abandonment, as appropriate• – Evaluation of proposed actions by operator (e.g., compartment sealing, bilge• pump activation, boundary cooling and so on)• • Advising• – Proposed procedure to be followed for the specific emergency and current• ship condition, supported by suitable advisory information.• – Dynamic evaluation of the proposed procedure based on new ship status and• the result of actions taken• • Execution and follow-up• – Execution of the proposed procedure• – Triggering of actions

Decision-support system (Integrated Standard - iSTAND)

Damage stability & Survivability

Parametric subdivision and layout for damage stability and survivability in conceptual ship design

Addition ofwatertight subdivision above freeboard deck.

Damage stability & SurvivabilityIn order to study the behaviour of the damaged ship in waves we need to produce as detailed a model of it as possible

Through time-domain simulations we get information about ship movements and flood water mass and location as well as floating position and ship dynamics.

Damage stability & SurvivabilityVisualisation of the test cases can allow us to follow the flood water progress and trace any vulnerabilities in a particular design

We can also determine the significant wave height a ship can survive so as to check compliance with damage stability regulations

Damage stability & SurvivabilityThe process can be verified and enhanced by physical experimenting. Again the models used are highly elaborate and detailed and testing is carried out for various loading conditions and sea states as well as various damage cases.

Damage stability & Survivability

Further enhance the ttc model

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Damage scenarios identification

Analytical “time-to-capsize” (ttc) model assess survivability

in a range of sea conditions

Numerical simulation

e.g. PROTEUS3

Model experiments

Data collection and

analysis

Establishment of uncertainty bounds

on ttc model

Comparison of the “cumulative probability of capsize” within given time

between analytical model and first-principle approaches

Whether experimental cases fit the proposed

ttc model ?

Uncertainty bound to be used as decision-making

criteria for measuring ship vulnerability

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Damage stability & SurvivabilityProjects: - SAFEDOR (www.safedor.org) - FLOODSTAND (http://www.tkk.fi/Units/Ship/Research/FloodStand/Public/index.html ) - GOALDS (N/A)

Publications: - Jasionowski, A, "Fast and accurate flooding prediction - analytical model,"

SAFEDOR, D2.1.3. , November 2006. - Jasionowski, A, Vassalos, D, Scott, A, “Ship Vulnerability to Flooding”, 3rd

International Maritime Conference on Design for Safety, Berkeley California, Sept 26 28th, 2007.

- Jasionowski, A, Vassalos, D, “Technical Summary of the Investigation on The Sinking Sequence of MV Estonia”, Safety at Sea Report No VIES01-RE-005-AJ, May 2008.

RBD Implementation / Tool integration

• Integration of tools to carry out design spiral activities– Centralised control of design process– Access to parametric data and files– Instant reflection of any design change in all design

objectives– Result visualisation– Data analysis & decision supportIntegrated

tools and data

Design iterations/versions

Data dependency analysis

Comparison of design versions

RBD Implementation / Tool integrationProjects: - SAFEDOR (www.safedor.org) Integration of design (NAPA) and risk estimation (fire and flooding risks by SSRC) and various simulation (evacuation, smoke/heat propagation by SSRC) tools for carrying out Risk Based Design - VIRTUE (www.virtual-basin.org) Integration of various CFD and design tools for comprehensive hydrodynamic optimisation; coupling RANSE and potential codes - BESSTIntegration of design and risk estimation tools for sensitivity analysis

Publications: 1. Vanem E., Puisa R., and Skjong R., ‘Standardized risk models for formal safety assessment of maritime transportation’, in Proceedings of the ASME 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, May 31 – June 5, 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.2. Puisa, R. and Vassalos, D., 'Design for safety with minimum life-cycle cost', 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2009.3. Puisa, R. and Vassalos, D. ‘Deriving parametric models for goal-based design of ship concepts’, in the International Conference on Computer Applications in Shipbuilding (ICCAS 2009), 1-3 September 2009, Shanghai, China.

Multi-objective / Multi-criteria design optimisation

Global parametric modelSoftware integration is key to

carry out optimisation in RBD

Multi-objective / Multi-criteria design optimisation

Projects: • SAFEDOR (www.safedor.org) Optimisation of passenger ships (cruisers and ropax) towards maximum safety level (flooding + fire risks), maximum space functionality, minimum building and operational costs, maximum earnings• VIRTUE (www.virtual-basin.org) - Propeller – rudder – hull optimisation- Cavitating propeller optimisation with new developed cavitaiton models (RANSE + panel codes)

Publications:

Tsakalakis, N., Vassalos, D. and Puisa, R., ‘Goal-based subdivision and layout’, in 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, St Petersburg, 2009.

Marine hydrodynamicsProjects: - EFFISES (Air-lifted catamaran) Air-hydrodynamics, dynamic stability, wash wave prediction, 3d planing

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• Publications:– Xie N, Vassalos D, Jasionowski A, Sayer P: “A Seakeeping analysis for an air-

lifted catamaran”, Ocean Engineering, vol 35, pp1512-1520, 2007.– Xie N, Vassalos D, Jasionowski A: “A study of hydrodynamics of 3d planing

surface”, Ocean Engineering, vol.32, pp1539-1555, 2005.– Xie N, Jasionowski A, Vassalos D: “Evaluation of wash wave of the air-lifted

catamaran”, PRADS’04, 2004, Germany.– Xie N, Jasionowski A, Vassalos D: “A numerical method for prediction of wash

waves of SES”, Journal of Ship Mechanics, vol.8, No.6, 2004.– Xie N, Vassalos D: “Performance analysis of 3D hydrofoil under free surface”,

Ocean Engineering, vol.34, pp1257-1264, 2007– Vassalos D, Xie N, Jasionowski A, Konovessis D: “Stability and safety analysis of

the air-lifted catamaran”, Journal of Ship and Offshore Structures, vol.3, No.2, pp91-98,2008.

Marine hydrodynamics

Projects: - COMPASS Performance of High Speed Craft, hydrofoil, Resistance prediction with 3D panel method, yacht, multi-hull, hydrofoil, motion prediction with ride control, etc.

Marine hydrodynamics

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Marine hydrodynamics

• Publications:– Xie N, Vassalos D, Sayer P: “The Effect of lift on the wave-making resistance of

multi-hull craft”, International Shipbuilding Progress, vol. 54, No.2-3, pp83-95, 2007.

– Xie N, Vassalos D: “A study of effect of steady flow on unsteady motion of high speed craft”, Proceedings of International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean Conference, 2005.

– Xie N, Vassalos D: “Performance analysis of 3D hydrofoil under free surface”, Ocean Engineering, vol.34, pp1257-1264, 2007

Marine hydrodynamics

Projects: - VIRTUE (www.virtual-basin.org) Prediction of roll hydrodynamic property of ship with RANSE

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Model test - Yeung (1998)

Model test - Vugts (1968)

RANSE - present

Marine hydrodynamics

• Publications:– Xie N, Vassalos D, Lee B S: “Prediction of roll hydrodynamics of cylinders fitted

with bilge keel with RANSE”, Journal of Ship Mechanics, vol.10, No.6, pp839-847, 2007.

– Xie N, Vassalos D: “Numerical prediction of hydrodynamics of plate in forced roll oscillation on the free surface”, to be published.

Marine hydrodynamics

Projects: - SHIPARRESTOR (FP7) Performance simulation of a marine salvage system consists of disabled tanker, sea anchor and towing line in wind, wave and current; • Research contents:

– Determination of environment force (including 2nd order wave force);– Simulation of behaviour of the ship-anchor-line system in wind, wave and current;– Prediction of drifting velocity of the distressed ship before and after using the

salvage system;– Estimate of extreme loads in the towing line during the operation.

Marine hydrodynamics

Parachute sea anchor TankerTowing line

100kt, w ith 30m sea anchor

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Marine hydrodynamics

Marine hydrodynamics

Small Particle Hydrodynamics SPH

This meshless code could solve strong nonlinear free surface flows easily and efficiently. With parallel technique, 3D case with millions of particles could come true. Sloshing, slamming and flooding cases have been investigated so far.

Marine hydrodynamics

Sloshing wave height3D sloshing

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Marine hydrodynamics

Passenger/RoRo ship flooding

3D Instant flooding

Wave height in damaged compartment

Marine hydrodynamics

Projects: - VIRTUE (http://www.virtual-basin.org)

Publications: L.Shen, D,Vassalos, Applications of 3D Parallel SPH for Sloshing and Flooding. P. 723-733, 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles

Marine hydrodynamics

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550

1000

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H4 H3 H2 H1

Water

H4 H3 H2 H1

1150

1000

Door

Numerical investigation on the impact of dam break flow on a structure

Marine hydrodynamicsNumerical study on tank sloshing

WaterH1 H3H2

570

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20285

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Marine hydrodynamicsNumerical simulation of water flooding into a damaged compartment

Marine hydrodynamics

Projects: - VIRTUE (http://www.virtual-basin.org) - SHOAL (www.bmt.org/News/?/3/0/510)

Publications: Gao, Z., Vassalos, D., Gao, Q., “A multiphase CFD method for prediction of floodwater dynamics”, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, St. Petersburg, p. 307-316, 2009

SHOAL (www.roboshoal.com) SHOAL is a collaborative project under FP7 Its main objective is the searching and monitoring of Harmful contaminants, other pollutants and leaks in vessels in port using a swarm of robotic fish.

Role of SSRC: Analysis and validation of hydrodynamic performance of robotic fish Simulation of robotic fish movement Experiment studies of robotic fish motion Assessment of robotic fish design

Marine hydrodynamics

• Q. Gao, D. Vassalos “The Study of Hull-Propeller Interaction by RANSE”, the 6 th International Workshop on Ship Hydrodynamics, Jan 9-12, 2010, Harbin

• Q. Gao, D. Vassalos “Simulation of wave effect on ship hydrodynamics by RANSE”, STAB, St Petersburg, June, 2009

• Q. Gao, D. Vassalos, “Computational Hydrodynamic Derivatives by Numerical PMM”, RINA MARINE-CFD, Southampton, 26 March 2008

• Q. Gao, D. Vassalos “Computational hydrodynamic derivative”, ISOPE-2007 Lisbon Paper No 2007-JSC-152• Q. Gao, V. Shiganov, D. Vassalos “Numerical Simulation of Yaw Effect”, 4th International Conference on Marine

Hydrodynamics, Mar. 2005, Southampton • Q. Gao, “Numerical Simulation of Damage Ship Flooding”, 7th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium, Hamburg,

Oct. 2004• Q. Gao, Dracos Vassalos “Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Flow around KCS”, International Symposium on

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, Sep. 2003L.Shen, D,Vassalos, Applications of 3D Parallel SPH for Sloshing and Flooding. P. 723-733, 10th International

Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean VehiclesGao, Z., Vassalos, D., Gao, Q., 2009. A multiphase CFD method for prediction of floodwater dynamics. In: Proceedings

of the 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, St. Petersburg, 307-316.

Marine hydrodynamics

Wave crest at stern

Wave crest at midship

Manoeuvring

Sea anchor

Cableship

current

wave

wind

wave

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time

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g]

wav

e[m

]

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Parametric roll in head sea

Y/L

X/L

-6-4-20246

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wave

Turning circle in waves

Manoeuvring

Projects:- SafeCrafts : Development of novel LSA system

- Assessment of manoeuvring behaviour in severe weather- ShipArrestor : Development of novel savage system

- Performance of salvage system by ship motion simulation- SAFEDOR (www.safedor.org)

- Benchmark test for parametric roll phenomenon

Publications: N/A

Systems availability

Integrated platform combining probabilistic stability framework with Boolean toolbox for qualitative and quantitative assessment of availability of onboard systems and functions.C

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Systems availability Quantification of spatially distributed systems by means of unavailability rates and performance for static and dynamic structures.

System/Design Existing New New+RCO†

Emergency 0.49 0.68 0.55

Machinery [Deck/Cargo] 0.62 0.66 0.34

Navigation 0.17 0.51 0.01

Propulsion 0.36 0.68 0.33

Steering 0.45 0.33 0.01

Systems availability

• Real-time system assessment for decision support platform in service and emergencies.

• Real-time automatic and semi-automatic action design for crisis management and casualty mitigation (e.g. Bilge/Ballast actions within iStand survivability module).

• Interactive restoring-actions module for system/function restoration.

Systems availabilityProjects:

Publications:

SAFEDOR WP 3.4 – Tool developmentSAFEDOR WP 6.12 – Application to the Preliminary Approval processiStand – Development and implementation of real-time functionality and restoration services.

Commercial use: 1. Safe Return To Port compliance for concept design of cruise vessel2. Integration with onboard DSS

J. Cichowicz, D. Vassalos, J.Logan “Probabilistic Assessment Of Post-Casualty Availability Of Ship Systems”, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia

Fire consequence simulation • Modelling Fire and Smoke

propagation using the Zone Model concept employed in different software (CFAST, Raeume etc…)

Upper Layer

Fire

Lower Layer

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ght,

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pera

ture

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Temperature histories

Smoke layer history

Fire consequence simulation • Modelling Fire Spread and

Smoke propagation using Field Models or CFD (FDS, Fluent etc…)

Fire

Fire

Finite Volume Discretization

Temperature contours

Fire consequence simulation • Fire and Smoke propagation simulated by

FDS

Fire room

EXIT

EXIT

Fatalities

Fire simulation integrated with evacuation models to get fatalities

Smoke propagation

Fire consequence simulation

Projects: • SAFEDOR (design, regulation and operation for safety) http://safedor.org/

• FIREPROOF (probabilistic framework for onboard fire safety) Publications:

• Azzi, Camille and Vassalos, Dracos (2008), “Design for Fire Safety of RoPax Ships”, Interferry Conference, Hong Kong.

• Azzi, Camille and Vassalos, Dracos (2009), “Design for Shipboard Fire Hazards Assessment”, 10th International Marine Design Conference, Trondheim, Volume 1: pp. 476-488.

Evacuation simulation:Evi (Evacuability index) software• Evaluation of evacuation time• Identification of potential bottlenecks • Evaluation of accommodations layout

at the design stage to aid for easy evacuation.

• Building “what if” scenarios for:– Training purposes – Effective planning procedures – Decision support strategies for

crises situations• Videos can be used to familiarise

passengers with the ship environment (3D virtual environment that replicates the ship).

Evacuation simulation:Evi (Evacuability index) software

• Simulations are achieved through variables that describe passengers profile (number, age, gender...) and distribution for the time of the day or night.

• Crew can be assigned particular tasks (search cabins, control spaces....)

• Some features:– Playback recordings as video– Interactions during the simulation: Blocking or

unblocking of doors, assign a task to a specific crew member.

– Include fire data – Include flooding data – Could be coupled to a passenger tracking system

(concluding preliminary tests in MarNIS project)

Evacuation simulation:Evi (Evacuability index) software

Projects: • Safecrafts : Safe abandoning of passenger ships. http://www.safecrafts.org• MarNIS: Maritime Navigation information services. http://www.marnis.org/home.asp• Floodstand: Integrated Flooding Control and Standard for Stability and Crises

Management.http://www.tkk.fi/Units/Ship/Research/FloodStand/Public/index.html Publications:

1. Evacuation Notation – a New Concept to Boost Passenger Evacuation Performance in the Cruise Industry, M. Dogliani, T. Strang, D. Vassalos and the Evacuation Group of the Ship Stability Research Centre (SSRC), Compit 04, Sigüenza, Spain, May 2004.

2. Effectiveness of Passenger Evacuation Performance For Design, Operation & Training using First-Principles Simulation Tools, D. Vassalos, L. Guarin, M. Bole, J. Majumder, G. C. Vassalos and H.S. Kim, Escape, Evacuation & Recovery, Lloyds Lists Events, London, March 2004.

3. Advanced Evacuation Analysis - Testing the Ground on Ships, D. Vassalos, L. Guarin, G. C. Vassalos, M. Bole, H.S. Kim and J. Majumder, Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, August 2003, Greenwich. Evacuability of Passenger Ships at Sea, D. Vassalos, G. Christiansen, H.S. Kim, M. Bole and J. Majumder, SASMEX 2002.

4. A Mesoscopic Model for Passenger Evacuation in a Virtual Ship-Sea Environment and Performance-Based Evaluation, D. Vassalos, H.S. Kim, G. Christiansen and J. Majumder, Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, April 4-6, 2001, Duisburg.

5. Passenger Evacuation in a Virtual Ship-Sea Environment and Performance-Based Evaluation, D. Vassalos , H.S. Kim, G. Christiansen, Cruise and Ferry, May 2001.

Crashworthiness assessment Striking body surface

analysis; calculation of principle radii of curvature

Struck body surface definition with respect to striking body’s

principle radii of curvature

Calculation of the available kinetic energy of the striking

ship

Calculation of the rupture energy of the side shell

Comparison of the available kinetic energy and the

rupture energy

Is rupture occurring?

Calculation of breach size, penetration and penetration

potential

Calculation of deflection of the side shell; penetration

potential is above 1.0 in this case

Yes No

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20

30

Damage length (HARDER)Damage height (HARDER)Damage length (CRASED)Damage height (CRASED)

Striking bow of ROPAX on a ROPAX

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age

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Striking bow of ROPAX on a Tanker

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age

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th &

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ght,

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Crashworthiness assessment

Projects: N/A

Publications: • (Mermiris & Vassalos, 2007a), “A Generic Approach to Breach Size Assessment

Following a Ship-Ship Collision Event”, Mermiris, G. and Vassalos, D., The Asialink-EAMARNET International Conference on Ship Design, Production and Operation, Harbin, China, pp. 38-43, 17-18 January, 2007

• (Mermiris et al., 2007b), “First-Principles Collision Analysis for Design”, Mermiris, G., Vassalos, D. and Konovessis, D., 1st International Conference on Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT 2007), pp. 217-223, Glasgow, UK, 12-14 March, 2007

Residual strength assessment

Chart Title

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Retardation of crack propagation

Side shell damage

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Stiffener location: 0.1195 m

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Retardation of crack propagation

Retardation of crack propagation

Bottom damage

Residual strength assessment

Projects: - Surfacing System for Ship Recovery (SuSy)

Publications: N/A

Databases in design & operation • Advanced Marine Accident/Incident Database Development

Databases in design & operation

Data Mining/ KnowledgeDiscovery

Tasks

Induction

Clustering

Classification

Association

Characterization

UncertainReasoningTechniques

ArtificialNeural

Networks

BayesianNetworks

FuzzyLogic

Rough SetTheory

GeneticAlgorithms

Integration

Marine Accident/Incident

Database

Risk-based Design

Projects: - Probabilistic Framework for Onboard Fire Safety (FREPROOF)

• Data Mining for risk model construction

Bayesian Network risk model

Databases in design & operation

Projects: - Probabilistic Framework for Onboard Fire Safety (FIREPROOF)

Publications: - "Data Mining of Marine Accident/Incident Database for Use in Risk-based Ship Design", Vassalos, D., Cai, W. and Konovessis, D., 10th International Conference on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (STAB 2009), pp. 209 – 218, St. Petersburg, Russia, 22 - 26 June, 2009

Energy efficiency of ships & ship systems

Energy efficiency of ships & ship systems

Projects: N/A

Publications: N/A