cyclopedia of architecture carpentry & building vol viii

8/2/2019 Cyclopedia of Architecture Carpentry & Building Vol VIII

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cyclopedia-of-architecture-carpentry-building-vol-viii 1/421



Nsms}|f

JfIL T/ SH/



G}gbnuhlm`nf

@sgam|hg|xsh" G`suho|s}

`ol Cxmblmod

@ Dhohs`b Shfhshogh Tnsi

NO @SGAM\HG\XSH" G@SUHO\S]" CXMBLMOD" WXUHSMO\HOLHOGH"

GNO\S@G\W" WUHGMFMG@\MNOW" CXMBLMOD B@T" W\@MS*CXMBLMOD"

HW\MJ@\MOD" J@WNOS]" SHMOFNSGHL GNOGSH\H" W\HHB

GNOW\SXG\MNO" @SGAM\HG\XS@B LS@TMOD" WAHH\

JH\@B TNSI" AH@\MOD" VHO\MB@\MOD" H\G/

Ushu`shl c} ` W|`ff nf

@SGAM\HG\W" CXMBLHSW" @OL HQUHS\W NF \AH AMDAHW\

USNFHWWMNO@B W\@OLMOD

Mbbxw|s`|hl tm|a nvhs \ashh \anxw`ol Hods`vmodw

\HO VNBXJHW

GAMG@DN@JHSMG@O \HGAOMG@B WNGMH\]

0=54



Xscò

\A

M<W

@fs

@x|answ òl Gnbb`cns`|nsw*

K@JHW G/ UB@O\

Wxuhsmo|holho| nf Gnjux|mod Lmvmwmno" Nffmgh nf Wxuhsvmwmod @sgam|hg|" \sh`wxs}"

T`wamod|no" L/ G/

T@B\HS BNSMOD THCC" G/ H/

Gnowxb|mod Gmvmb Hodmohhs/

@x|ans nf # S`mbsn`l Gnow|sxg|mno"# # Hgnonjmgw nf S`mbsn`l Gnow|sxg|mno"# h|g/

K/ S/ GNNBMLDH" KS/" @/ J/

@sgam|hg|" Cnw|no/

Ushwmlho|" Cnw|no Wngmh|} nf @sgam|hg|w/

@g|mod Lmshg|ns" Jxwhxj nf Fmoh @s|w" Cnw|no/

A/ V/ VNO ANBW\" @/ C/" W/ C/

@sgam|hg|" Gamg`dn/

FSHL \/ ANLDWNO@sgam|hg| òl Hlm|ns/

Jhjchs nf No|`smn @wwngm`|mno nf @sgam|hg|w/

@x|ans nf #Jnlhso G`suho|s}"# #@sgam|hg|xs`b Ls`tmod" Whbf*\`xda|/# #\ah W|hhb

Wpx`sh"# #Jnlhso Hw|mj`|ns"# h|g/

@BFSHL H/ [@UF" W/ C/

Whgsh|`s}" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

@XW\MO \/ C]SOHGmvmb Hodmohhs/

@x|ans nf#Amdat`} Gnow|sxg|mno"#

#J`|hsm`bw òl Tnsijòwamu/$

A@SSMW G/ \SNT" W/ C/

Hlm|ns nf \hq|*cnni Lhu`s|jho|" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

@jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsw/

TJ/ A/ B@TSHOGH" W/ C/

@wwngm`|h Usnfhwwns nf @sgam|hg|xsh" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/



@x|answ òl Gnbb`cns`|nsw Gno|moxhl

HLT@SL OMGANBW

@sgam|hg|" Cnw|no/

_+

A/ T/ D@SLOHS" W/ C/

@wwmw|ò| Usnfhwwns nf @sgam|hg|xsh" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

@BFSHL H/ UAMBBMUW" G/ H/" Ua/ L/

Usnfhwwns nf Gmvsb Hodmohhsmod" @sjnxs Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

DHNSDH G/ WA@@L" H/ H/

@wwmw|ò| Usnfhwwns nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsmod" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

+

JNSSMW TMBBM@JW

Tsm|hs òl Hquhs| no G`suho|s} òl Cxmblmod/

V

AHSCHS\ H/ HVHSH\\Lhu`s|jho| nf @sgam|hg|xsh" Xomvhswm|} nf Uhoow}bvòm`/

H/ B/ T@BB@GH" C/ W/

Mow|sxg|ns" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

@jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsw/

N\MW T/ SMGA@SLWNO" BB/ C/

Nf |ah Cnw|no C`s/

+

TJ/ D/ WONT" W/ C/

W|h`j Ah`|mod Wuhgm`bmw|/

@x|ans nf#Fxso`gh Ah`|mod"# Knmo|*@x|ans nf

#Vho|mb`|mno nf Cxmblmodw/$

@jhsmgò Wngmh|} nf Jhgaòmg`b Hodmohhsw/

T/ AHSCHS\ DMCWNO" G/ H/

Hquhs| no Shmofnsghl Gnogsh|h/

HBMN\ O/ KNOHW" BB/ C/

Nf |ah Cnw|no C`s/




S/ \/ JMBBHS" KS/" @/ J/" BB/ C/

Ushwmlho|" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

TJ/ OHXCHGIHSMow|sxg|ns" Wahh| Jh|`b Lhu`s|jho| nf O29t ]nsi \s`lh Wgannb/

TJ/ CH@BB DS@]

Wòm|`s} Hodmohhs/Jhjchs nf O`|mno`b @wwngm`|mno nf J`w|hs Ubxjchsw"

HLT@SL J@XSHS" C/ G/ H/

Usnfhwwns nf Jhgaòmgw" Xomvhswm|} nf Tmwgnowmo/

VHLT@SL @/ \XGIHS" W/ C/

@sgam|hg|xs`b Hodmohhs/

Jhjchs nf @jhsmgò Wngmh|} nf Gmvmb Hodmohhsw/

HLT@SL C/ T@M\HAh`l nf Mow|sxg|mno Lhu`s|jho|" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

@jhsmgò Wngmh|} nf Jhgaòmg`b Hodmohhsw/

Thw|hso Wngmh|} nf Hodmohhsw/

DHNSDH S/ JH\G@BFH" J/ H/

Ah`l nf \hgaomg`b Uxcbmg`|mno Lhu`s|jho|" Thw|modanxwh Hbhg/ & Jfd/ Gn/

Fnsjhsb} \hgaomg`b Hlm|ns" W|shh| S`mbt`} Shvmht/

Fnsjhsb} Hlm|ns nf \hq|*cnni Lhu`s|jho|" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh/

AHOS] J/ A]LH@x|ans òl Hlm|ns #\ah \hgaomg`b Tnsbl J`d`{moh/#

GA@W/ B/ AXCC@SL" W/ C/" J/ H/

Gnowxb|mod Hodmohhs/

Tm|a W/ Anjhs Tnnlcsmldh Gn/" Ah`|mod" Vho|mb`|mod òl Wòm|`s} Hodmohhsw/




FS@OI GANX\H@X CSNTO@sgam|hg|" Cnw|no/

@x|ans nf #Bh||hsw òl Bh||hsmod/#

L@VML @/ DSHDD\h`gahs òl Bhg|xshs mo *Uho òl Moi Sholhsmod" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

GA@W/ C/ C@BB

Gmvmb òl Wòm|`s} Hodmohhs/

@jhsmgò Wngmh|} nf Gmvmb Hodmohhsw/

HSVMO IHOMWNO" W/ C/

Mow|sxg|ns mo Jhgaòmg`b Ls`tmod" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

A/ G/ DXWAMOD" KS/

Gnowxb|mod Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhs/

@x|ans nf #W|òl`sl Tmsmod fns Hbhg|smg Bmda| òl Unths/

KNAO A/ K@BBMODW

Jhgaòmg`b Hodmohhs/

_

FS@OI @/ CNXSOH" W/ J/" @/ @/ M/ @/

@sgam|hg|" Cnw|no/

Wuhgm`b Bmcs`smò" Lhu`s|jho| nf Fmoh @s|w" Uxcbmg Bmcs`s}" Cnw|no/

@BFSHL W/ KNAOWNO" Ua/ L/

Fnsjhsb} Hlm|ns #\ah \hgaomg`b Tnsbl J`d`{moh/$

DMBCHS\ \NTOWHOL" W/ C/

Tm|a Unw| & JgGnsl" Oht ]nsi Gm|}/

AHOS] G/ CXGI" @/ C/" @/ J/

Mow|sxg|ns" @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolh

@jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsw"



@x|ansm|mhw Gnowxb|hl

\AHhlm|nsw a`vh fshhb} gnowxb|hl |ah w|òl`sl |hgaomg`b bm|hs`|xsh

nf @jhsmg` òl Hxsnuh mo |ah ushu`s`|mno nf |ahwh vnbxjhw/ \ah}lhwmsh |n hqushww |ahms molhc|hlohww u`s|mgxb`sb} |n |ah fnbbntmod

hjmoho| `x|ansm|mhw tanwh thbb*ionto tnsiw wanxbl ch mo |ah bmcs`s} nf

hvhs} noh gnoohg|hl tm|a cxmblmod/

Ds`|hfxb `giontbhldjho| mw ahsh j`lh `bwn fns |ah mov`bx`cbh gn*

nuhs`|mno nf |ah fnshjnw| `sgam|hg|w" hodmohhsw" òl cxmblhsw mo jìmod|ahwh vnbxjhw |ansnxdab} shushwho|`|mvh nf |ah vhs} chw| òl b`|hw| us`g*

|mgh mo |ahlhwmdo

òl gnow|sxg|mno nfcxmblmodw 9

`bwn fns |ah v`bx`cbh

ls`tmodw òl l`|`" wxddhw|mnow" gsm|mgmwjw" òl n|ahs gnxs|hwmhw/

K/ C/ KNAOWNO" G/ H/

Fnsjhsb} Lhò" Gnbbhdh nf Jhgaòmgw òl Hodmohhsmod" Xomvhswm|} nf Tmwgnowmo/

@x|ans nf $$Hodmohhsmod Gno|s`g|w òl Wuhgmfmg`|mnow"# #J`|hsm`bw nf Gnow|sxg|mno"#

Knmo| @x|ans nf #\ahns} òl Us`g|mgh mo |ah Lhwmdomod nf Jnlhso Fs`jhl W|sxg*

|xshw/

KNAO G@WW@O T@M\" J/ G/ H/" BB/ C/

Gnxowhbbns*`|*B`t òl Gnowxb|mod Hodmohhs 9 Fnsjhsb} @wwmw|ò| Usnfhwwns nf Ho*

dmohhsmod `| A`sv`sl Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf #Hodmohhsmod òl @sgam|hg|xs`b Kxsmwusxlhogh/#

\/ J/ GB@SIFhbbnt nf nf |ah @jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf @sgam|hg|w/

@x|ans nf #Cxmblmod Wxuhsmo|holhogh"# #@sgam|hg|" Cxmblhs òl Ntohs chfnsh |a

B`t/#

FS@OI H/ IMLLHS" G/ H/" Ua/ L/

Gnowxb|mod @sgam|hg| òl W|sxg|xs`b Hodmohhs9 Fhbbnt nf |ah @jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf

@sgam|hg|w/

@x|ans nf #@sgam|hg|$w òl Cxmblhs$w Ungih|*Cnni"# #Cxmblmod Gnow|sxg|mno òl

Wxuhsmo|holhogh 9 U`s| M" J`wnow$ Tnsi 9 U`s| MM" G`suho|hsw$ Tnsi 9 U`s| MMM"

\sxwwhl Snnfw òl Snnf \sxwwhw/# #Gaxsgahw òl Gaùhbw/#

@XW\MO \/ C]SOH" G/ H/

GmvmbHodmohhs/

@x|ans nf#Mowuhg|mno nf J`|hsm`bw òl Tnsijòwamu Hjubn}hl mo Gnow|sxg|mno"

#Amdat`} Gnow|sxg|mno/#

4+

T/ S/ T@SHFnsjhsb} Usnfhwwns nf @sgam|hg|xsh" Gnbxjcm` Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf#Jnlhso Uhswuhg|mvh/#



@x|ansm|mhw Gnowxb|hl Gno|moxhl

GB@SHOGH @/ J@S\MO

Usnfhwwns nf @sgam|hg|xsh `| Gnsohbb Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf #Lh|`mbw nf Cxmblmod Gnow|sxg|mno/#

FS@OI O/ WO]LHS@sgam|hg|

@x|ans nf#Cxmblmod Lh|`mbw/#

GA@SBHW A/ WONT@x|ans nf

#\ah Usmogmu`b Wuhgmhw nf Tnnl" \ahms Ga`s`g|hsmw|mg Usnuhs|mhw/#

NTHO C/ J@DMOOMW@x|ans nf

#Ant |n Fs`jh ` Anxwh" ns Anxwh òl Snnf Fs`jmod/#

A@BCHS\ U/ DMBBH\\H" G/ H/

@x|ans nf#Aòlcnni nf Gnw| L`|` fns Gno|s`g|nsw òl Hodmohhsw/#

NBMVHS GNBHJ@O@x|ans nf

#Wxgghwwfxb Anxwhw/#

GA@W/ H/ DSHHOH" @/ J/" G/ H/

Fnsjhsb} Usnfhwwns nf Gmvmb Hodmohhsmod" Xomvhswm|} nf Jmgamdò/

@x|ans nf #W|sxg|xs`b Jhgaòmgw/#

BNXMW lh G/ CHSD

@x|ans nf #W`fh Cxmblmod/#

D@H\@ONB@O[@"

W/

C/"G/ & J/ H/

Usnfhwwns nf \ahnsh|mg`b òl @uubmhl Jhgaòmgw" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/

@x|ans nf#@uubmhl Jhgaòmgw/#

MS@ N/ C@IHSUsnfhwwns nf Gmvmb Hodmohhsmod" Xomvhswm|} nf Mbbmonmw/

@x|ans nf# @ \sh`|mwh no J`wnos} Gnow|sxg|mno/#

DHNSDH U/ JHSSMBB@x|ans nf #W|nohw fns Cxmblmod òl Lhgns`|mno/#

FSHLHSMGI T/ \@]BNS" J/ H/ òl W@OFNSL H/ \ANJUWNO" W/ C/"G/ H/

Knmo| @x|answ nf# @ \sh`|mwh no Gnogsh|h" Ub`mo òl Shmofnsghl/#




@/ T/ CXHB òl G/ W/ AMBB

Knmo| @x|answ nf

#

Shmofnsghl Gnogsh|h/#

++

OHT\NO A@SSMWNO" H/ H/

@x|ans nf#Hbhg|smg Tmsmod" Lm`ds`jw òl Wtm|gacn`slw/$

FS@OGMW C/ GSNGIHS" H/ J/" Ua/ L/

Ah`l nf Lhu`s|jho| nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsmod" Gnbxjcm` Xomvhswm|} 9 U`w| Ushwmlho|"

@jhsmgò Mow|m|x|h nf Hbhg|smg`b Hodmohhsw"

@x|ans nf#Hbhg|smg

Bmda|mod/#

K/ S/ GS@V@\A òl V/ S/ B@OWMODAKnmo| @x|answ nf

#Us`g|mg`b Mbbxjmo`|mno/#

KNWHUA IHOL@BB FSHM\@D" C/ W/" G/ H/

@x|ans nf#@sgam|hg|xs`b Hodmohhsmod"

#Fmshusnnfmod nf W|hhb Cxmblmodw/#

_TMBBM@J A/ CMSIJMSH" G/ H/

@x|ans nf#Ubòomod òl Gnow|sxg|mno nf Amda Nffmgh Cxmblmodw"# #@sgam|hg|xs`b Msno

òl W|hhb" òl M|w @uubmg`|mno mo |ah Gnow|sxg|mno nf Cxmblmodw"# #GnjunxolSmvh|hl Dmslhsw"# #Wihbh|no W|sxg|xshw"# h|g/

HVHSH\\ X/ GSNWC] òl AHOS] @/ FMWIH

Knmo| @x|answ nf#Aòlcnni nf Fmsh Usn|hg|mno fns Mjusnvhl Smwi/#

}

G@SOHDMH W\HHB GNJU@O]@x|answ nf

#Ungih| Gnjuòmno" Gno|`momod Xwhfxb Mofnsj`|mno òl \`cbhw @uuhs|`mo*

mod |n |ah Xwh nf W|hhb/#

K/ G/ \S@X\TMOH" G/ H/

@x|ans nf #Gmvmb Hodmohhsw$ Ungih| Cnni/#

@BUA@ UMHSGH K@JMWNO" J/ H/

@wwmw|ò| Usnfhwwns nf Jhgaòmg`b Ls`tmod" Uxslxh Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf

#

@lvòghl Jhgaòmg`b Ls`tmod/#

FS@OI GANX\H@X CSNTO@sgam|hg|" Cnw|no/

@x|ans nf#Bh||hsw òl Bh||hsmod/




AHOS] JgDNNLTMO@x|ans nf

#@sgam|hg|xs`b Wa`lhw òl Wa`lntw/#

_

VMDONB@@x|ans nf #\ah Fmvh Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh"# @jhsmgò Hlm|mno c} Usnf/ T`

GA@W/ L/ J@DMOOMW

@x|ans nf#Uho Ls`tmod" @o Mbbxw|s`|hl \sh`|mwh/#

_*

FS@O[ W/ JH]HSUsnfhwwns nf |ah Wgannb nf Molxw|sm`b @s| mo I`sbwsxah/

@x|ans nf#Aòlcnni nf Nso`jho|"# @jhsmgò Hlm|mno/

SXWWHBB W\XSDMW

@x|ans nf #@ Lmg|mno`s} nf @sgam|hg|xsh òl Cxmblmod"# òl #Ant |n Kxldh @sgam*

@/ L/ F/ A@JBMO" @/ J/

Usnfhwwns nf @sgam|hg|xsh `| Gnbxjcm` Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf #@ \hq|*cnni nf |ah Amw|ns} nf @sgam|hg|xsh/#

S@BUA @L@JW GS@J@sgam|hg|

@x|ans nf #Gaxsga Cxmblmod/#

G/ A/ JNNSH@x|ans nf

#Lhvhbnujho|òl Ga`s`g|hs nf Dn|amg @sgam|hg|xsh/$

SNBB@ G/ G@SUHO\HS" G/ H/" J/ J/ H/

Usnfhwwns nf Hquhsmjho|`b Hodmohhsmod" Gnsohbb Xomvhswm|}/

@x|ans nf#Ah`|mod òl Vho|mb`|mod Cxmblmodw/#

?m

TMBBM@J U@XB DHSA@SL@x|ans nf

# @ Dxmlh |n Wòm|`s} Anxwh Mowuhg|mno/#

M/ K/ GNWDSNVH@x|ans nf

#Usmogmubhw òl Us`g|mgh nf Ubxjcmod/#



Fnshtnsl

rAH sùmlhvnbx|mno nf gnow|sxg|mvh jh|anlw mo shgho|

}h`sw"`w mbbxw|s`|hl mo |ah xwh nf w|hhb òl gnogsh|h"

_ òl |ah mogsh`whl wm{h òl gnjubhqm|} nf cxmblmodw"

a`w gsh`|hl |ah ohghwwm|}fns ò

`x|ansm|}tamga wa`bb

hjcnl} `ggxjxb`|hl hquhsmhoghòl ùusnvhl us`g|mgh `bnod `

v`smh|}nf gnsshb`|hl bmohw/ \ah G}gbnuhlm` nf @sgam|hg|xsh"

G`suho|s}"òl Cxmblmod mw lhwmdohl

|n fmbb |amw `giontbhldhl

ohhl/

_s\ahsh mw on molxw|s} |a`| gnju`shw tm|a Cxmblmod mo |ah

gbnwh mo|hslhuholhogh nf m|wwxcwmlm`s} |s`lhw/ \ah @sgam|hg|"

fns hq`jubh" tan iontw on|amod nf W|hhb ns Gnogsh|h gno*

w|sxg|mno mw|n*l`}

`w jxga nx| nfub`gh no mjuns|ò| tnsi

`w |ah Gno|s`g|ns tan gòon| jìhmo|hbbmdho| hw|mj`|hw" ns tan

xolhsw|òlwon|amod

nf amwbhd`b smda|w

òlshwunowmcmbm|mhw/

@

g`suho|hsjxw| ont iont wnjh|amod nf J`wnos}" Hbhg|smg

@Vmsmod"

òl" mo f`g|" `bb n|ahs |s`lhw hjubn}hl mo |ah hshg|mno nf ` cxmbl*

mod 9òl |ah w`jh mw |sxh nf `bb |ah gs`f|wjho tanwh aòlmtnsi

tmbb ho|hs mo|n |ah gnjubh|hl w|sxg|xsh/

_sOhm|ahs

u`mowons hquhowh a`vh chho wu`shl |n jìh |ah

ushwho|tnsi |ah jnw| gnjushahowmvh òl `x|ansm|`|mvh no |ah

wxckhg| nf Cxmblmod òl m|w `bbmhl molxw|smhw/ \ah `mj a`w chho"

onm jhshb} |n gsh`|h ` tnsi tamga tmbb ùuh`b |n |ah |s`mohl



hquhs|" cx| noh |a`| tmbb gnjjhol m|whbf `bwn |n |ahchdmoohs

òl |ah whbf*|`xda|" us`g|mg`bjò c} dmvmod

amj `tnsimod

iontbhldh

nf |ah

usmogmubhw

òl jh|anlw" on|

nob}

nf amw nto

u`s|mgxb`s |s`lh" cx| nf `bb n|ahs csògahw nf |ah Cxmblmod Molxw*

|s}`w thbb/ \ah v`smnxw whg|mnow a`vh chho ushu`shl hwuhgm`bb}

fns anjh w|xl}"h`ga tsm||ho c} ò `giontbhldhl `x|ansm|} no

|ah wxckhg|/\ah `ssòdhjho| nf j`||hs mw wxga `w |n

g`ss} |ah

w|xlho| fnst`sl c} h`w} w|`dhw/Whsmhw nf shvmht pxhw|mnow `sh

mowhs|hl mo h`ga vnbxjh" ho`cbmod |ah sh`lhs |n |hw| amw iontb*

hldhòl jìh m| ` uhsjòho| unwwhwwmno/

\ah mbbxw|s`|mnow a`vh

chho whbhg|hl tm|a xoxwx`b g`sh |n hbxgml`|h |ah |hq|/

* \ah tnsi tmbb ch fnxol |n gnvhs jò} mjuns|ò| |numgwno

tamga bm||bh mofnsj`|mno a`w ahsh|nfnsh chho `v`mb`cbh/ \amw mw

hwuhgm`bb} ùu`sho|mo wxga whg|mnow `w |anwh no W|hhb" Gnogsh|h"

òl Shmofnsghl Gnogsh|h Gnow|sxg|mno9 Cxmblmod Wxuhsmo|holhogh9

Hw|mj`|mod9Gno|s`g|w òl

Wuhgmfmg`|mnow" mogbxlmod |ahusmogm*

ubhwòl jh|anlw nf `t`slmod òl

hqhgx|mod Dnvhsojho| gno*

|s`g|w9òl Cxmblmod B`t/

\ah jh|anl `lnu|hl mo |ahushu`s`|mno nf |ah tnsi mw |a`|

tamga |ah @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh a`w lhvhbnuhl

òl hjubn}hl wnwxgghwwfxbb}

fns jò} }h`sw/ M| mw on| ò

hquhsmjho|" cx| a`w w|nnl |ah whvhshw| nf `bb |hw|w |a`| nfus`g*

|mg`b xwh tamga a`w lhjnow|s`|hl m| |n ch |ah chw| jh|anl

}h|lhvmwhl fns |ah hlxg`|mno nf |ah cxw} tnsimod jò/

Mo gnogbxwmno" ds`|hfxb `giontbhldjho| mw lxh |ah w|`ff nf

`x|answ òl gnbb`cns`|nsw" tm|anx| tanwh ah`s|} gn*nuhs`|mno

|amw tsnsi tnxbl a`vh chhomjunwwmcbh/



Gno|ho|w

VNBXJH VMMM/

\AH GB@WWMG DSHHI NSLHSW / / U`dh+ 00

DSHHI MNOMG NSLHS / / /

#4=

DSHHI GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS / / #008

GB@WWMG SNJ@O NSLHS / / /

#068

H@SB] SNJ@O LNSMG NSLHS / / #0=7

GB@WWMG" SNJ@O LNSMG NSLHS /

#0==

GB@WWMG SNJ@O MNOMG NSLHS / / #307

GB@WWMG SNJ@O GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS#

337

DBNWW@S] 310

CMCBMNDS@UA] 758

SHOLHSMOD MO UHO @OL MOI / /

#707

\AH W\HHB WPX@SH / / / / 7<=

+ Fns U`dh oxjchsw whh fnn| nf u`dhW/



Shj`momod Gnsohs nf Dshhi Lnsmg \hjubh nf G`w|ns `ol Unbbxq" Dmsdho|m" Wmgmb}/

Mbbxw|s`|mod Gnow|sxg|mno `ol Bmo||b Usmogmubh nf Dshhi \hjubh @sgam|hg|xsh/



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW"U@S\ MM

\AH DSHHI NSLHSW NF @SGAM\HG\XSH

Nf ògmho| cxmblmodw" |ah nob} nohw tamga a`vh gnjh lnto |n xw

mo ò} wns| nf ushwhsv`|mno `sh |ah |hjubhw cxmb| fns |ah shbmdmnxw tns*

wamu nf |ah v`smnxw uhnubhw/ @bb |ahms lnjhw|mg `sgam|hg|xsh t`w

hvmlho|b} nf wxga ò huahjhs`b ga`s`g|hs |a`| m| a`w bnod wmogh lmw*

ùuh`shl/ M| mw |ahshfnsh hvmlho| |a`| shbmdmno" nf ta`|hvhs fnsj" a`w

chholmshg|b} shwunowmcbh fns |ah dsnt|a nf `sgam|hg|xsh |n |ah jnox*

jho|`bw|}bh

|n tamga m| a`w wmogh `||`mohl" `w |ahwh o`|mnow jmda| n|ahs*

Fmd/ 10/ Hd}u|mò Sngi*Gx| \hjubh/

tmwh ohvhs a`vh movho|hl fns |ahms nslmo`s} wahb|hsw" ns hvho fns |ah

u`b`ghw nf |ahms imodw òl sxbhsw" |ah mjushwwmvh fnsjw |a`| a`vh wxs*

vmvhl/ Cx|" jnsh |aò |amw" th iont |a`| jò} nf |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w

nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`l `| noh |mjh ` lmshg| shbmdmnxw wmdomfmgògh òl

jhòmod/ Molhhl" |ahsh whhjw |n a`vh chho ò hwuhgm`b usmlh hvmoghl

mo `llmod |amw hbhjho| nf w}jcnbmwj |n |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw mo

gnjjno xwh/

\ah Dshhi |hjubhw" mo tamga |ah Nslhs `w th w|xl} m| |n*l`} fmsw|



4< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

`wwxjhl m|w lhfmom|h fnsj" thsh `w ` sxbh |ah wmjubhw| òl jnw| hbhjho*

|`b imolnf

cxmblmodw`shg|òdbh bnodhs

|aò m|w

tml|a"tm|a |tn snnf

ubòhw bhòmod xuno h`ga n|ahs òl fnsjmod ` smldh `| |ah gho|hs tm|a

` d`cbh `| h`ga hol/

Lhsmv`|mno nf Dshhi \hjubh/ \ah \hjubh nf Lmò` Usnu}bwh` `|

Hbhxwmw mw ò mow|ògh nf ` |hjubh |a`| wantw |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf

Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh `| m|w wmjubhw| òl chw|/ \ah hbhv`|mno òl ubò

nf |ah unsga" `w thbb `w |ah lh|`mbw nf m|w nso`jho| òl gnow|sxg|mno"

^ *`sh cn|a thbb wanto mo |ah|tn mbbxw|s`|mod ub`|hw/

\ah

ho|sògh unsga Ub`|h

QQQV-" molmg`|hw ` gbnwh

shb`|mnowamu òl ùnwwmcb}

lmshg| lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah

Hd}u|mò sngi*gx| |hjubh

Fmd/ 70-" `w |ah ls`tmodw

want9 òl m|w ubò Fmd/ 73-

lmwub`}w |ah wmjubhw| xwh nf

|ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mo ò|mw" ns

ub`ghl ch|thho |ah |tnumb*

`w|hsw ò|h-|a`| `sh fnsjhl

no |ah hol nf |ah wmlh t`bbw

nf |ah cxmblmod/

\ah ub`mo nx|wmlh hogbnw*

mod t`bb nf |ah Hd}u|mò òl

|ah h`sb} Dshhi |hjubhw t`w

wnno shub`ghl c} ò hq|hsmns

snt nf gnbxjow" òl |ah w|noh t`bb ub`ghl mowmlh |ahwh" `w mo |ah ubò

nf |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw Fmd/ 77-" wn |a`| nob} |ah gho|s`b uns|mno

nf |ah cxmblmod t`w `g|x`bb} hogbnwhl/

\ah Dshhi gnbxjohl |hjubh u`wwhl sùmlb} |asnxda jò}

w|`dhw nf lhvhbnujho| xo|mb m| sh`gahl mo |ah U`s|ahono m|w amdahw|

|}uh9 òl w|mbb |ah ubò Fmd/ 7<- wantw ant bm||bh m| a`w gaòdhl mo

m|w hwwho|m`bw fsnj |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf Lmò` Usnu}bwh`9cx| c} sh*

ub`gmod |ah ub`mo hq|hsmns wmlh òl sh`s t`bbw c} ` wmodbhns lnxcbh snt

nf gnbxjow" ` dsh`| `llm|mno a`w chho j`lh |n |ah mjushwwmvh hq|hsmns

hffhg| nf |ah tanbh/

Fmd/ 73/ Ubò nf \hjubh nf Lmò` Usnu}bwh`

`| Hbhxwmw/



HJUBH*NU*LM@O@*k:*USLU]b'B@*HBSGMW*

M

FS*NO\



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 48

|ah Dshhi Lnsmg nslhs" `w m| tmbb ahbu |n hqub`mo |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw

|a`| dn |n jìh xu |ah fsmh{h òl gnsomgh" mf th shjhjchs |a`| m| usnc*

`cb} fmsw| gsntohl ` t`bb òl on| ` gnbnoo`lh/

Lhvhbnujho| nf |ah Gnbxjo/ Mo |ahwh Dshhi |hjubhw" tanbb}

nf w|noh gnow|sxg|mno |ah wu`gmod òl wm{h nf |ah gnbxjow" `w thbb `w

|ah lhvhbnujho|" `s|mw|mg òl w|sxg|xs`b" nf |ahms cxmblmodw jxw| fmsw|

a`vh chho lh|hsjmohl c} |ah v`smnxw gnowmlhs`|mnow nf j`|hsm`b/ @w

|ah ho|msh Dshhi w}w|hj nf `sgam|hg|xsh t`w c`whl xuno |ah usmogmubh

G[M

Fmd/ 77/ Ubò nf \hjubh nf

\ahwhxw" @|ahow/

Fmd/ 7</ Ubò nf U`s|ahono"

@|ahow/

nf |ah bmo|hb Fsno|mwumhgh-" th iont |a`| |ah wu`gmodnf |ah gnbxjo t`w

dnvhsohl c} |ah bhod|a nf w|noh cbngiw tamga |ah} thsh `cbh |n px`ss}

òl ub`gh `gsnww òl xuno |ah gnbxjow tm|a wnjh `wwxsògh nf |ahms

wxuuns|mod |ah thmda| nf |ah snnf9 òl wn `bwn |ah wm{h nf |ah gnbxjo

m|whbf t`wusnc`cb}

fmsw| lh|hsjmohl jnshc}

|ah h`wh nf px`ss}mod |ah

cbngiw nf w|noh nf tamga |ah} thsh gnjunwhl" òl nf aòlbmod



46 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

`s|mw|mg hffhg|" `b|anxda |amw xolnxc|hlb} mjjhlm`|hb} fnbbnthl/

Mo |ah Hd}u|mò òl Dshhi |hjubhw" |ah gnbxjo lhvhbnuhl

uhgxbm`sm|mhwnf fnsj |a`| thsh hvmlho|b} lhjòlhl c} |ah amdahs

`s|mw|mg gxb|mv`|mno nf |ah uhnubh/Mo |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw m|w uxsunwh

a`l chho uxshb} w|sxg|xs`b" cx| b`|hs no m| t`w xwhl |n usnlxgh ò

mjuns|ò| u`s|nf |ah hffhg| nf |ah cxmblmod" òl tambh w|mbb x|mbm{hl

fns w|sxg|xs`b uxsunwhw"m| t`w |sh`|hl `w ` lhgns`|mvh xom|" xo|mb fm*

o`bb}|ah gnbxjo ns s`|ahs |ah Nslhs- chgnjhw |ah vhs} c`wmw nf

Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xs`b

lhwmdo/Sxbhw nf Gb`wwmg @sgam|hg|xsh" \ahms Xwh òl Jmwxwh/ Gb`wwmg

`sgam|hg|xsh mw lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah b`|hs òl jnsh |sòwm|ns} w|}bhw"

wxga `w lhvhbnuhl lxsmod |ah Snjòhwpxh òl Dn|amg uhsmnlw" c} |ah

f`g| |a`| |ah v`smnxw fnsjw gnjunwmod m|w u`s|w a`vh chho shlxghl |n

`f`msb}

lhfmom|h wh| nf sxbhw/

On n|ahsw|}bh

nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`w chho wn gnowmw|ho|b} lhvhbnuhl ns

a`w wn thbb w|nnl |ah |hw| nf |mjh/ Cx|m|

jxw| `bt`}w ch shjhjchshl|a`| |ah #sxbhw# |n tamga th a`vh ont shlxghl |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw" `sh

on| |n ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah usmogmubhw xuno tamga |ah} thsh fmsw| lh*

wmdohl/ S`|ahs" |ahwh sxbhw òl w}w|hjw nf usnuns|mnomod |ah lh|`mbw

nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw nf `sgam|hg|xsh a`vh chho movho|hl c} ho|axwm`w|mg

|ahnsmw|w òl w|xlho|w nf b`|hs |mjhw |n fm| |ah nbl hq`jubhw/ \ah

uhnubh tan hshg|hl |ahwh ògmho| jnoxjho|w xolhsw|nnl on wxga

sxbhw" cx| s`|ahs gsh`|hl |ahms tnsi xolhsbmh lmshg| mofbxhogh nf `

vm|`b `s|mw|mg mow|mog| òl bmfh nf tamga |n*l`} th `sh mjm|`|mod |ah

jhsh hju|} fnsjw/ M| jxw| ch |ansnxdab} sh`bm{hl" |ahshfnsh"

|a`| mo shlxgmod |ah Nslhsw |n |ah xolhsw|òlmod nf molmvmlx`bw nf `

lmffhsho| gmvmbm{`|mno c} ` jhsh #sxbh nf |axjc"# jxga nf |ahms wxc|bh|}

òl |sxhwumsm|

jxw| a`vh chho bnw|" òl |a`| |ah sxbh nob} wxddhw|w |n

xw ` jhsh nx|bmoh ns dhohs`b mlh` nf |ah |sxh ch`x|} nf ò} noh nf |ahwh

Nslhsw/ Wn" tambh th j`} on| anuh |n hpx`b ns ùusn`ga |ahms nsmdmo`b

uhsfhg|mno" hquhsmhogh òl gnow|ò| w|xl} j`} ch shbmhl xuno |n wxd*

dhw| |ahusmogmubhw tamga xolhsbmh |ahj òl tamga |ah} shushwho|" òl

wn |n ahbu xw |n usnlxgh molmvmlx`b shfmohjho|w òl v`sm`|mnow mo `

jnlhso òl |ahshfnsh |sxb} vm|`bwumsm|/

\ah sxbhw" |aho" tamga th fnbbnt no `bb Gb`wwmg tnsi |n*l`} jxw|

ch gnowmlhshl on| `w |ah usmogmubhw tamga dnvhsohl |ah Dshhi lhwmdo*

hsw" cx| `w |anwh tamga th a`vh movho|hl mo nslhs |n sholhs |ah xwh nf



*WIQ\GA*NF*

@WTL*Cf*DHHHIW




M| mw pxm|h mjunwwmcbh `| |amw l`} |n hquhg| |n iont |ah usmogmubhw

tamga |ah Gb`wwmg lhwmdohsw `g|x`bb} fnbbnthl/ Hvhs} }h`s |ahsh `sh

lmwgnvhshl oht v`sm`|mnow fsnj |ah /wxuunwhl sxbhw tamga th a`vh

ùubmhl/ M| mw ont ionto" fns mow|ògh" |a`| mo |ah U`s|ahono" `|

@|ahow" hvhs} wxuunwhlb} w|s`mda| bmoh t`w b`ml nx| òl lh|hsjmohl

no wnjh fbhqmcbh usmogmubh nf gxsvhw usnuns|mnohl" usnc`cb}" wnbhb}

tm|a shd`sl |n |ahms fmo`b hffhg| xuno |ah h}h nf |ah ncwhsvhs/

Wxuhsmnsm|} nf Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/ Dshhi gmvmbm{`|mno lhvhbnuhl

shfmohjho| òl wxc|bh|} nf |`w|h mo `sgam|hg|xsh |n ` unmo| |a`| `s*

gam|hg|xsh a`w ohvhs wmogh `||`mohl/ \ah chw| cxmblmodw hshg|hl c}

|ah Dshhiw gnjcmoh wxga lmwwmjmb`s px`bm|mhw `w smgaohww" wmjubmgm|}"

j`dom|xlh òl w|shod|a" tm|a shfmohjho| òl a`sjno}/

Gno|s`s} |n |ah dhohs`b mjushwwmno shd`slmod |ah gnblohww òl

w|smg| fnsj`bmwj nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" usnc`cb} on uhnubh a`vh hvhs

gnjcmohl Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw tm|a jnshv`smh|}"

ns tm|a

jnsh mowmw|hogh xuno |ahfbhqmcmbm|}

òl mo|hshw| nf |ahms gnjunwm|mnow/

Shfmohjho| nf Bmohw/ On noh xolhsw|nnl jnsh |ansnxdab} |aò

|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w |ah `cxwhw òl lhfhg|w nf ` j`|ahj`|mg`b w}w|hj

taho ùubmhl |n ` vm|`b `s|/ \ah} thsh gnjuhbbhl |n usndshww ch}nol

|amw bmjm|`|mno chfnsh |ah} wxgghhlhl mo gsh`|mod ò `sgam|hg|xsh |a`|

t`w tns|a} nf chmod mogbxlhl `jnod |ah Fmoh @s|w9tambh nf on uhsmnl

wmogh a`w m| chho unwwmcbh |n dmvh m|w `sgam|hg|xsh fsno| sòi `jnod

|ahj/ \ah ògmho| Dshhiw gnowmlhshl |ah tanbh hffhg| nf |ahms

`sgam|hg|xshb`sdhb} tm|a shd`sl |n |ah h}h nf |ah chanblhs" òl |amw

usmogmubh whhjw |n a`vh chho jnsh |ansnxdab} xolhsw|nnl c} |ahj

|aò c} ò} wxgghhlmod o`|mno nf cxmblhsw/ @w `bb |ahms j`wwhw òl

lh|`mbw thsh g`shfxbb} w|xlmhl tm|a |amw nu|mg`b hffhg| mo jmol" wn

oh`sb} `bb |ah bmohw mo |ahms tnsi cn|a ansm{no|`b òl vhs|mg`b gxsvh9

òl |ah gxsvhw thsh w|xlmhl tm|a |ah

ùu`sho|mo|ho|mno nf gnxo|hs*

`g|mod ghs|`mo `tit`sl nu|mg`b lhfhg|w tamga jmda| ch ngg`wmnohl

c} |ah xwh nf ` jhgaòmg`b hq`g|m|xlh mo w|s`mdaBòl shg|òdxb`s bmohw/

\ahwh usmogmubhw |ah Dshhiw lhvhbnuhl òl shfmohl |n ò `bjnw|

mog`bgxb`cbh lhdshh" tambh |ahms ùubmg`|mno t`w csn`lhohl xo|mb |ah}

wxc|b} v`smhl `bjnw| hvhs} wxuunwhlb} w|s`mda| bmoh/ \ah w|xlho| nf

|ahms `sgam|hg|xsh mw ont`l`}w vhs} g`shfxb `cnx| `gghu|mod fsnj

g`wx`b ncwhsv`|mno nf |ah hffhg| nf |ah cxmblmod" |ah ùu`sho| jhòw c}tamga |amw hffhg| t`w




|ah chw| hq`jubhw nf `sgam|hg|xsh nf `bb |mjh" b`|h lmwgnvhsmhw òl

jnshhq`g| jh`wxshjho|w a`vh

lhvhbnuhl|ah f`g| |a`| |ahsh mw

usnc*

`cb} on| ò hq`g|b} w|s`mda| bmoh mo |ah ho|msh w|sxg|xsh/ \ah jnw|

g`shfxb w|xl} t`w dmvho |n hvhs} u`s| nf |amw ch`x|mfxb cxmblmod" fsnj

hvhs} unwwmcbh unmo| nf ncwhsv`|mno/ Mo |ah fsno|" fns mow|ògh" |ah

w|}bnc`|h xuno tamga |ah gnbxjow shw| mw wbmda|b} amdahs `| |ah gho|hs

|aò `| h`ga hol" mo nslhs |n ushvho| ò} ùuh`sògh nf lsnuumod `|

|amw unmo| `w tnxbl a`vh chho mohvm|`cbh mf m| thsh b`ml nx| no ` uhs*

fhg|b} w|s`mda| bmoh9 |ah bmohw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh thsh mo |xso wbmda|b}

s`mwhl `| |ah gho|hs wn |a`| m| tnxbl on| ùuh`s |n w`d9 |ah amdahw| unmo|"

`d`mo" mw on| hq`g|b} mo |ah gho|hs" cx| |n noh wmlh" tahsh |ah cxmblmod

tnxbl ch whho c} ò}noh ùusn`gamod fsnj |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah ho|sògh

|n |ah @gsnunbmw/ \ah gnbxjow nf |ah gnbnoo`lh `snxol |ah cxmblmod

`sh `bb wbmda|b} nx| nf |ah uhsuholmgxb`s9 |ah} mogbmoh ns bhò c`gi |n*

t`sl |ah gho|hs" wn |a`| |ah `qhw" mf usnbnodhl |n ` bnod lmw|ògh `cnvh

|ah cxmblmod" tnxbl `bb fmo`bb} jhh| `| noh vòmwamod unmo|/ \amw mw

|sxh mo `bb m|w jhòmodw/ On| nob} lnhw |ah ho|msh gnbnoo`lh `bnod |ah

wmlh" fns mow|ògh" bhò c`gi mo ubòh |nt`sl |ah u`s`bbhb gho|hs bmoh

nf |ah cxmblmod `bnod |ah smldh nf |ah snnf" cx| |ah gnbxjow" `w |ah}

ùusn`ga |ah |tn holw nf |ah cxmblmod" bhò c`gi |nt`sl |ah gho|hs

bmoh nf |ah shwuhg|mvh hbhv`|mnow/ \amw mw |sxh no `bb fnxs wmlhw nf |ah

cxmblmod" mo nslhs |n a`vh |ah wbnumod bmohw nf |ah gnbxjowgnsshg|b}

mo|hswhg| `| h`ga òdbh/ C} shfhssmod |n |ah gx|w |amw tmbb ch j`lh

jnsh gbh`s/ Fmd/ 78 wantw |tn uhsuholmgxb`s whg|mnow |asnxda |ah

gnbnoo`lh" tm|a |ah gnbxjo ub`ghl ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah hogbnwmod

t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah gnbxjo `| |ah bhf| mw wanto tm|a m|w `qmw

uhsuholmgxb`s òl `| smda| òdbhw |n ` ansm{no|`b bmoh/ \amw mw |ah t`}

|ah Dshhiw lml on| xwh |ah gnbxjo/ @| |ah smda| mw wanto ` gnbxjo

hjubn}hl mo |ahms gxw|nj`s} jòohs/ Ahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh lsnuuhl

fsnj |ah mowmlh nf |ah `sgam|s`vh nf |ah gsntomod ho|`cb`|xsh lmwgbnwhw

|ah f`g| |a`| |ah `qmw nf |ah gnbxjo mw wbnumod c`gi `| |ah |nu |nt`sl

|ah hogbnwmod mo|hsmns t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod9 tambh |ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h

òl ho|`cb`|xsh `cnvh `bwn fnbbntw" |anxda jnshwbmda|b}"

|amw w`jh

ds`lx`b wbnuh/Mo |amw hq`jubh |ah |ùhs

nf |ah gnbxjo mw hq`ddhs`|hl

mo nslhs |n hjua`wm{h |ah |ahns} nf m|w `ssòdhjho|/

Fmd/ 76 mw ` ubò nf |ah fsmh{h nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" wantmod

|ah gnbxjow ub`ghl choh`|a m| xolhs hvhs} `b|hso`|h |smdb}ua/\amw



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 4=

shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs" òl lmwgbnwhw |ah f`g| |a`| |ahms gho|hsw" tambh

no ` uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh mo fsno| hbhv`|mno" `sh on| lmshg|b} nvhs h`ga

n|ahs mo ubò" |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi chmod ub`ghl chamol

|ah gho|hs `| |ah c`wh mo nslhs |n usnlxgh |ah hffhg| wanto `| |ah smda|

mo Fmd/ 78/ @| |ah gnsohs" |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi mw ohg*

hww`smb} wbò|hl mo no h`ga hbhv`|mno" `w mw wanto no |amw ubò/ \amw

tmbb molmg`|h |ah fmsw| w|`dh nf |ah

lhvhbnujho| nf |amw |ahnsh|mg`b

w}w|hj" tamga mw wanto jnsh

gbh`sb} mo Fmd/ 74" tahsh |ah ubò

nf |ah wmq*gnbxjohl Dshhi Lnsmg

unsga mbbxw|s`|hw |ah gnjubh|h

tnsimod nx| nf |amw |ahns}/ Ahsh

th fmol |a`| h`ga gnbxjo on| nob}

bhòw c`gi fsnj |ah f`gh nf |ah

cxmblmod" cx| `bwn |a`| m| mw wanto

mogbmohl |nt`sl |ah gho|hs unmo|

`w thbb" |axwhpx`bm{mod |amw*ds`lx*

`b mogbmo`|mno nf |ah gnbxjow fsnj

|ah noh `| |ah gnsohs |n |ah gho*

|hs nf ò} f`g`lh nf |ah cxmblmod"

tahsh"mf ` gnbxjo thsh

ub`ghl"m|

tnxbl ch lmshg|bv uhsuholmgxb`s Fbd* 78? Whg|bnow \asnxda |ah gnbnoo`lh

" / /" /nf ` Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/

mo hbhv`|mno tambh m|w ohgi tnxbl

w|mbb mogbmoh c`gi fsnj |ah f`gh nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah `bjnw| mo|òdmcbh

v`sm`|mno nf |ahwh gnbxjow fsnj |ah uhsuholmgxb`s t`w j`lh mo nslhs

|a`| |ah} tnxbl on| ùuh`s |n wush`l nx|t`sl `| |ah|nu" òl |a`| `|

|ah w`jh |mjh |ah cxmblmod tnxbl ushwho|" mo m|w u}s`jml`b fnsj" `

jnsh wnbml òl holxsmod

`wuhg|/

Shfmohjho| mo Lh|`mb/

Th a`vh `bsh`l} sh*

j`sihl |a`| tm|a |ah

usndshww nf `sgam|hg|xsh

|ah gnbxjo |ìhw usn*

Fmd/ 76/ Ubò nf Fsmh{h nf Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/uns|mnow jnsh hbhdò|"




`| |ah w`jh |mjh |ah hgamoxw nf |ah gùm|`b fb`||hohl mo |ah nbl

|hjubhw òl gnjushwwhl xolhs |ah thmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw

w|s`mda|hohl òl wxuuns|w tm|a jnsh fmsjohww |ah `c`gxw/ \ah

jnxblmodw chgnjh bhww csx|`b9 |ah gnbxjo `| |ah òdbh shghmvhw `

lm`jh|hs ` bm||bh b`sdhs |aò chbnodw |n |ah n|ahs gnbxjow9 |ah shg*

|òdxb`s waùh tamga a`w chho |ìho `w |ah fnsj nf |ah hlmfmgh

chgnjhw lhbmg`|hb} u}s`jml`b" xo|mb th `ssmvh `| wxga `ljms`cbh hq*

hq`jubhw `w |ah \hjubh nf _Hdmo`" |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah \ahwhxj" òl

|ah U`s|ahono/

Fmd/ 74/ Ubò nf Wmq*Gnbxjohl Dshhi Lnsmg Unsga/

\ah Dshhi Lnsmg Gùm|`b/ \ah hgamoxw jnxblmod mw gnowmlhshl

`w |ah jnw| lmw|mog|mvh nf `bb |ah whg|mnow movho|hl c} |ah Dshhiw9

òl" `w xwhl mo |ah Lnsmggùm|`b"

m| shghmvhl ` ga`s`g|hs |a`| lnhw

on| uhs|`mo |n m| taho xwhl mo ò} n|ahs unwm|mno/ Mo |ah h`sbmhs

hq`jubhw m|w nx|bmohw tmbb ch fnxol jnsh snxolmod mo whg|mno |aò

mo |ah b`|hs nohw tahsh m| `||`mow |n ` ch`x|mfxbb} w|xlmhl hggho|smg

gxsvh" ohm|ahs fb`| honxda |n ch a`sl" ons fxbb honxda |n ch thì mo

hffhg|" xo|mb mo |ah U`s|ahono òl \anbnw nf Huml`xsnw m| mw shfmohl |n

ò `bjnw| w|s`mda| bmoh/ \ah gnju`shl whg|mnow nfgùm|`bw fsnj

Gnsmo|a" U`hw|xj" |ah \hjubh nf Gnognsl `| @dsmdho|xj" òl |ah

U`s|ahono `| @|ahow" wanto mo Fmd/ 71-" mbbxw|s`|h |amw usndshww/ \ah

v`smnxw whg|mnow nf |amw gù jnxblmod" fsnj |ahh`sb}" fxbbhs" snxolhs

hq`jubhw

tahsh m|

wush`lw

nx| f`s

ch}nol|ah wa`f|"

`bnod

tm|a |ah

lmffhsho| t`}w nf hqushwwmod |ah v`smnxwb} |hsjhl òoxbh|w ns fmbbh|w

|a`| whu`s`|h |amw jnxblmod fsnj |ah fbx|hl ohgimod chbnt" want ant

g`shfxbb} |ah Dshhi wgxbu|nsw hquhsmjho|hl mo nslhs |n nc|`mo kxw| |ah

hffhg| |a`| |ah} lhwmshl/ Mo |ah b`|hs uhsmnlw nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh

|ah nx|bmoh nf |amw hgamoxw jnxblmod mw `w wmjubh" lhbmg`|h" òl ch`x|m*

fxb `w ò} lh|`mb |a`| |ah Dshhiw a`vh j`lh9 òl mo |ah chw| hq`jubhw

m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl |}umg`b nf |ah shfmohjho| òl usnuns|mnow nf |ahms



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW




t`w dhohs`bb} lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh" mw mo m|w wbnuh" wmjubmgm|}

òl usnuns|mnow ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b us`g|mgh/ \ah

mogbmo`|mno nf |ahwh snnfw mw vhs} wbmda|/ Mo |ah \hjubh nf |ah

Hshga|ahxj m| mw fmf|hho òl noh*a`bf lhdshhw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf

\ahwhxw Fmd/ 80- m| mw fmf|hho lhdshhw9 mo |ah U`s|ahono Fmd/ <8-"

m| mw wmq|hho lhdshhw9 tambh |ah uhlmjho| nf |ah Usnu}bwh` Fmd/ 11-

7.<* K

Fmd/ 7=/

a`w ò mogbmo`|mno nf fnxs|hho òl noh*a`bf lhdshhw/ M| j`} ch

mo|hshw|mod |n jho|mno" mo |amw gnoohg|mno" |a`| mo Snjò hq`jubhw

|amw mogbmo`|mno mww|hhuhs/ \axw" mo |ah uhlmjho| nf Whu|mjxw

Whvhsxw m| mw |tho|}*|tn lhdshhw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf Gnognsl

òl J`sw Xb|ns" |tho|}*|ashh òl noh*a`bf lhdshhw9 òl mo |ah \hjubh




\ah V`bxh nf |ah #Nslhs/$+ \ah #Nslhs# j`} ch xwhl `w |ah

jnw| |òdmcbh jhòw nf dh||mod `| |ah hwwho|m`b u`s|w nf |ah Dshhi

w|}bh"òl ` w|xl} nf m|w fnsjw gòon| f`mb |n ahbu |nt`slw |ah ùush*

gm`|mno nf |ah ch`x|} nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh `w ` tanbh/

M| mw `bwn ohghww`s} |n sh`bm{h |a`| |ah Nslhs mw on| |ah jnw| mjuns*

|ò| u`s| nf |ah w|xl} nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh/ \ah Dshhi cxmblmod"

C@WMBKDVU@HW\N

Fmd/ <5/

mo `bb m|w ch`x|} nf usnuns|mno" hqmw|hl bnod chfnsh |ah Nslhs t`w lhvhb*

nuhl |n |ah unmo| tahsh th w|xl} m| |n*l`}/\ah fnsj nf snnf xwhl

no |ah Dshhi |hjubhw uhsfnsjw" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} whho" ` jxga jnsh`




jmda| n|ahstmwh on| ch `uushaholhl/ Hwuhgm`bb} mw |amw wn nf |ah

`ogmho| Dshhiw|sxg|xshw/

Fmd/ <0/

\ah Nslhsw" `w th a`vh |ahj |n*l`}" `sh lhsmvhl fsnj |ah jh`w*



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

xjho|w/ @wmlh fsnj uxsunwhw nf `g|x`b shusnlxg|mno òl |ahms tanbh

nsu`s|m`b xwh no jnlhso cxmblmodw" |ah} `sh jnw| v`bx`cbh `w mlh`b

|}uhw fsnj tamga |ah usnuns|mnow nf nbl òl oht tnsi j`} ch w|xlmhl

òl hw|mj`|hl/

Jnlhso us`g|mgh òl |ahns} ln on| dmvh |n |ah Nslhsw |ah mjuns*

JOHIJTHOW$bm

Fmd/ <3/

|ògh tamga |ah} a`vh ahsh|nfnsh dhohs`bb} shghmvhl/ ]h| |ahwh fnsjw

a`vh gnjh lnto |n xw tm|a jnsh `x|ansm|} |aò ò} n|ahs wmodbh xom|w

hjubn}hl mo `sgam|hg|xs`b us`g|mgh/ \n gnjushahol |ansnxdab} |ah




th jxw| w|xl} |ahms xwh mo nbl òl Gb`wwmg tnsi tahsh |ah} thsh `

jxga jnsh mjuns|ò| f`g|ns mo |ah lmshg| hvnbx|mno nf `sgam|hg|xsh

|aò ont mo nxs gbmj`|h" òl xolhs |ah wngm`b gnolm|mnow nf|n*l`}/

M| mw |ahshfnsh ohghww`s} |a`| |ah lhsmv`|mno òl amw|nsmg`b dsnt|a nf

Fmd/ <7/

|ah Nslhsw wanxbl ch xolhsw|nnl" òl |ahms xwhwanxbl on| ch `||hju|hl

xo|mb |ahms fnsjw òlusnuns|mnow

a`vh chho|ansnxdab}

w|xlmhl/

\aho" taho xwhl" molhhl chgnjh ` vm|`b òl




Mo shusnlxgmod ò} nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw |ah nbl hq`jubhw wanxbl

ch fnbbnthl `w gbnwhb} `w unwwmcbh" `w |ahms usnuns|mnow a`vh chho wn

thbb lhfmohl c} |mjh òl ushghlho| |a`| `| |amw l`} |ahwh fnsjw wanxbl

ch gnowmlhshl `w lhfmom|h/ \amw w|smg|xsh mw hjua`wm{hl c} |ah f`g|

|a`|" wmogh |ah Snjò Nslhsw thsh lhfmohl" |ah Dshhi w|}bhnf `s*

_ K

b 70*<*

03

+M

Fmd/ <</

gam|hg|xsh a`w chho cx| bm||bh xwhl" òl on fxs|ahs lhvhbnuhl9 òl mo

|ah fht mow|òghw tahsh m| a`w chho shvmvhl m| t`w ùu`sho|b} shg*

ndom{hl |a`| ò} xwh nf |ah lh|`mbw ns u`s|wnf

Dshhi`sgam|hg|xsh

ch jnlhbhl `w `w no |ah `g|x`b



(d



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW WN

@O@B]WMW NF \AH DSHHI NSLHS/

\ah Dshhi #Nslhs# mw ò `sgam|hg|xs`b gnjunwm|mno shwxb|mod

fsnj |ah gnjcmo`|mno nf ` ub`|fnsj ns W|}bnc`|h" ` Gnbxjo" òl ò

Ho|`cb`|xsh/ @ uhlhw|`bmw on| hjubn}hl tm|a |ah Dshhi gnbxjo/

\ah ub`|fnsj"ns

w|}bnc`|h"gnowmw|w nf ` ub`mo j`ww nf dsh`|hs ns bhwwhs

ahmda|" xuno tamga |ah gnbxjow shw|/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" anthvhs"

|ah w|}bnc`|h dhohs`bb} gnowmw|w nf

|ashh amda w|huw xuno tamga `sh

wh| |ah gnbxjow/ \ah ho|`cb`*

|xsh mw lmvmlhl mo|n @sgam|s`vh ns

Humw|}bh" Fsmh{h" òl Gnsomgh/

\ahsh `sh |ashh Dshhi ns*

hsw;

0- \ah Lnsmg Nslhs" mo

tamga |ah gùm|`b mw gnjunwhl

wnbhb}nf jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmd/

85/-

3- \ah Mnomg Nslhs" mo

tamga |ah gùm|`bmw gnjunwhl

nf jnxblmodw hosmgahl tm|a g`sv*

mod" òl tm|a|ah `llm|mno nf

bnodwgsnbbw g`bbhl Vnbx|hw/

7- \ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs"

mo tamga |ah gùm|`bmw gnjunwhl

nf jnxblmodw" vnbx|hw" òl bh`f*

`dh/

\ah G`s}`|ml òl Uhswmg

Nslhsw" mo tamga |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

mw g`ssmhl c} wgxbu|xshl fmdxshw

mow|h`l nf c} gnbxjow" `sh on|

wuhgmfmhl`w whu`s`|h nslhsw" cx|

wanxbl on| ch nvhsbnnihl/

\ahsh `sh n|ahs lmw|modxmwamod ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw" cx| |ah gùm|`b mw

uhsaùw |ah jnw| on|`cbh/

\ah gnbxjo" wn mjuns|ò| ` u`s| nf |ah nslhs" mw m|whbf ` dsnt|a nf

I/

Fmd/ <6/ Jnxblmod Nx|bmohw/



=5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

Nsmdmo nf |ah Ho|`wmw nf |ah Gnbxjo/ \ah dsh`| lmffhshogh ch*

|thho |ah tml|a `| ohgi òl c`wh nf |ah Dshhi gnbxjo mo |ah h`sb}

hq`jubhw molmg`|hw mo u`s| m|w hquhsmjho|`b w|`dhw òl mo u`s| m|w

lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah w|noh t`bb nsumhs9 tambh m|w nx|bmoh ghs|`mob} wxd*

dhw|wjnsh |ah #c`||hs# ns wbnuh nf ` u}bno ns t`bb |aò |ah ho|`wmw

nf ` gnbxjo/ Th $wa`bb fmol" mo |ìmod

xu |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhsw jnsh mo

lh|`mb" w|mbb n|ahs hvmlhoghw unmo|mod mo

|ah w`jh lmshg|mno/

\ah Fbx|modw òl |ahms Nsmdmo/

\ah wa`f|w ns gnbxjow `sh fshpxho|b}

lmvmlhl mo|n fbx|modw/ Mo |ah Lnsmg

Nslhs |ahwh fbx|modw `sh" mo ubò" wans|

whdjho|w nf ` gmsgbh ns nf òhbbmuwh"

òl mo|hswhg| mo ` wa`su" s`mwhl hldh"

ns `ssmw9 cx| mo |ah Mnomg òl |ah

Gnsmo|amòNslhsw |ah

fbx|modw`sh `b*

jnw| a`bf gmsgbhw mo ubò" òl `sh whu`*

s`|hl" on| c} ` jhsh `ssmw" cx| c} `

fmbbh| ns ò ùushgm`cbh uns|mno nf |ah

wa`f| m|whbf" `w `| F moFmd/^

<=/

Mo |ah h`sbmhw| sngi*gx| |hjubhw"

u}bnow ns wpx`sh umhsw `w wanto `| @"

Fmd/ <4- thsh

usnc`cb}

bhf| |n wxuuns|

|ah snnf" `w j`} ch whho |n*l`} mo

Molm` òl Gho|s`b @jhsmg`/ \ahwh

umhswthsh wnjh|mjhw hb`cns`|hb} g`sv*

hl òl lhgns`|hl mo uòhbw no |ahms

fnxs wmlhw/

\ah fbx|mod t`w usnc`cb} fmsw| wxd*

dhw|hl c} |ah xolxh `jnxo| nf th`s

no |ah gnsohs òdbh" òl |amw òdbh t`w

ga`jfhshl nff" `w `| C mo |ah w`jh

fmdxsh" fmsw| wbmda|b}òl `f|hst`sl wn `w |n jìh |ah umhs

nf hmda|

hpx`b f`ghw ns wmlhw/ \ahwh ga`jfhsw hq|holhl fsnj ` unmo| `cnvh

` uhswno$w ah`l òl oh`s |ah |nu nf |ahumhs"

lnto |n |ah fbnns"

`w `| @ ns C mo Fmd/ <1/ B`|hs no |ah hmda| f`ghw thsh j`lh mo|n wmq*

|hho c} |ah w`jh wmjubh usnghwwnf lshwwmod lnto |ah gnsohsw G"

Fmd/ <4/ Ubòw wantmod Lhvhbnu*

jho| nf Lnsmg Gnbxjow/



LH\@MBWOUB&nuLM@O@>

UB@\H QQQVM/



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW =0

Fmd/ <4- 9 òl |ah |nu nf |ah umhs t`w uhsaùw bhf| wpx`sh G" Fmd/ <1-"

`w |ah h`sbmhs fnsjwxddhw|hl/

Cx| m| t`w ont fnxol |a`| |ah òdbhw nf |ah gnsohsw thsh wn nc*

|xwh |a`| |ah} thsh a`slb} lmw|modxmwa`cbh @" Fmd/ <=-9 òl m| t`w

ò h`w} fxs|ahsw|hu

|n wa`suho òl hjua`wm{h |ahwh gnsohsw c} anb*

bntmod nx| |ah fb`| wxsf`gh" `| fmsw| vhs} wbmda|b} C" Fmd/ <=-/

M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw mw |ah lhvhbnujho| nf ` sngi ns

w|noh*gx| umhs |a`| th `sh |s`gmod" òl |a`| |ah mow|mog| nf |ah `s|mwò

t`w |n ushwhsvh |ah lmw|mog|mvh fh`|xsh" |a`| nf |ah òdbh ns gnsohs"

lmwshd`slmod `| fmsw| ò h`wmhs wnbx|mno |a`| nf jìmod m| gmsgxb`s

Fmd/ <1/ Hbhv`|mnow Wantmod Lhvhbnujho| nf Lnsmg Gnbxjow/

mo ubò/ Th fmol mow|òghw nf kxw| |amw w|`dh nf lhvhbnujho|

mo wnjh nf |ah sngi*gx| |njcw `| Chom*A`wwò mo Hd}u|" tahsh |tn

gnbxjow nf ` fnsj wmjmb`s |n |a`| kxw| lhwgsmchl thsh xwhl mo ò|mw

Fmd/ 70-/

\ah usnghww nf ga`jfhsmod nff |ah gnsohs òdbhw tnxbl bh`vh xw

tm|a ` umhsnf wmq|hho wmlhw" tambh |ah Dshhiw `lnu|hl |ah oxjchs

nf |tho|} fns |ah Lnsmg tnsi nf |ah chw| uhsmnlw/\amw t`w xo*

lnxc|hlb} `f|hs lxh hquhsmjho|`|mno" taho m| t`w fnxol |a`| wmq*

|hho fbx|hw thsh |nn gn`swh fns |ah chw| hffhg|/ @| Uwhw|xj th fmol



W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW

Nslhs nf vhs} b`sdh gnbxjow a`w |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw/ \ah mo|hsmns

bnths Nslhs a`w |tho|}" òl |ah xuuhs Nslhs wmq|hho fbx|hw" hvmlho|b}

usnuns|mnohl tm|a shd`sl |n |ah wm{h òl dms|a nf |ah tanbh nf |ah

gnbxjo pxm|h `w jxga `w |n |ahms lmw|ògh fsnj |ah h}h/

Mo wnjh wxga t`} `w |amw t`w lhvhbnuhl |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah fbx|mod

òlgùm|`b nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg

gnbxjo/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ <1

`d`mo" m| tmbb ch fnxol |a`| |ah

nx|bmoh nf |ahumhs

wanto `| @

wxddhw|w jnsh |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah

gùm|`b fnsjhl nf ò hgamoxw òl

`c`gxw" `w mo |ah b`|hs hq`jubhw"

|aò ln |ah ohq| wxgghwwmvh w|`dhw"

C òl G/

\ah fxs|ahs dsnt|a nf |ah

fb`|mod mw wanto mo Fmd/ <=/ @|

G mw molmg`|hl ` whg|mno nf dsh`|hs

lhu|a òl lhgmwmno/ Mo L th

fmol |a`| |ashh gmsgbhw `sh hj*

ubn}hl |n dh| |ah hffhg|" noh nf

b`sdh s`lmxw fns |ah fb`| gho|hs

wthhu" òl `| hm|ahs hol noh nf

wans| s`lmxw" mo nslhs |n nc|`mo `

wa`su gnsohs hldh" ns `ssmw" `| |ah

jhh|mod nf |ah fbx|modw/ \amw

ushw`dhw |ah ùuh`sògh nf |ah

fmbbh| whu`s`|mod |ah fbx|modw" `b*

|anxda |amw ga`s`g|hs mw `f|hs*

t`slw shbhd`|hl |n |ah whgnol

Nslhs" |ah Mnomg/

\ah ushwxju|mno mw |a`| |ah

fbx|hw

thshfmomwahl mo

ub`gh`|

|ah |mjh |ah cxmblmod t`w gnow|sxg|hl/ \ahsh `sh ghs|`mo cxmblmodw

tamga whhjw |n usnvh |amw |ahns}" wxga `w |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `|

Lhbnw" tahsh |ah gaòohbw `sh chdxo `| |ah |nu òl |ah cn||nj nf |ah

wa`f| òl bhf| xofmomwahl/

Jnonbm|aw `sh s`sh mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" òl |ah g}bmolhs ns

$Fmd/ <=/ Lhvhbnujho| nf Gnbxjo Fbx|mod/



=< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw dhohs`bb} fnsjhl nf ` whsmhw nf gnxswhw ns lsxjw"

ub`ghl noh `cnvh |ah n|ahs/

\ah fbx|modw nf |ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò Nslhsw `sh dhohs`bb}

|tho|}*fnxs mo oxjchs9 h`ga fbx|h mw whu`s`|hl c} ` wj`bb fmbbh|" `cnx|

noh*|amsl" ns bhww" |ah tml|a nf |ah fbx|h m|whbf" tamga mw us`g|mg`bb} `

whjmgmsgbh mo whg|mno F" Fmd/ <=-/ \ah wa`bbnt Lnsmg fbx|modw tm|a

wa`su unmo|w ns `ssmwhw ch|thho |ahj" s`lmg`bb}lmffhsho| fsnj |ahwh

whjmgmsgxb`s fbx|modw" wanxbl ch gnowmlhshl `w ` lmw|mog|mvh fh`|xsh nf

|ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo/ \ah} `sh mov`sm`cb} xwhl mo jnlhso us`g*

|mgh noò}

fbx|hl

hq`jubhnf |amw

Nslhs" `b|anxda|ah Mnomg

w}w|hjnf

fbx|mod j`} wnjh|mjhw ch smda|b} xwhl tm|a |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs/

Gnju`smwno nf Dshhi òl Snjò Nslhsw/ Shfhshogh |n |ah

gx| ho|m|bhl #U`s`bbhb nf |ah Nslhsw# Fmd/ 85- tmbb dmvh jnsh ub`mob}

|ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" òl want wnjh|amod nf

|ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah Dshhi òl Snjò hq`jubhw mo |ah xwh nf

|ah Lnsmg" Mnomg" òl Gnsmo|amò gnbxjow/ M| j`} ch xolhsw|nnl

|a`| `bb |ah ub`|hw dmvho `w #Nslhsw"# taho on| wuhgmfmg`bb} o`jhl" `sh

mo|holhl `w shushwho|`|mvh hq`jubhw nf h`ga Nslhs" nf tamga mosh`bm|}

|ahsh j`} ch jò} tmlhb} lmffhsho|+ hqmw|mod shj`mow/ Mo Fmd/ 85"

|ah |}uhwnf Dshhi Nslhsw nf `sgam|hg|xsh `sh `w |ìho fsnj @wahs

Chok`jmo 9òl |ah Snjò Nslhsw `sh |anwh `w dmvho c} Vmdonb`/ M| mw

sh`lmb} whho fsnj |amw fmdxsh |a`| |ah wn*g`bbhl Snjò Lnsmg" Mnomg" òl

Gnsmo|amò gnbxjow thsh lhsmvhl fsnj |ah h`sbmhs Dshhi fnsjw" òl

|a`| |ah Snjò v`smh|} nf h`gaw|}bh mw ` gnju`s`|mvhb} lmshg|

dsnt|a fsnj |ah nsmdmo`b" hvho |anxda m| v`smhw fsnj m| mo jò}hwwho|m`bw/

W}w|hj nf Jh`wxshjho| fns |ah #Nslhs/# M| mw ohghww`s}" mo

nslhs |n `ssmvh `| ` usnuhs gnju`smwno nf |ah Nslhs" |n `lnu| ` dhohs`b

Xom| nf Jh`wxshjho|" tamga tmbb ch |ah Lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `|

|ah c`wh" |amw lm`jh|hs" mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" chmod lmvmlhl mo|nwmq|}

u`s|w"g`bbhl Jmox|hw" tamga `sh `w nf|ho xwhl |n fnsj |tn Jnlxbhw

nf 75 U`s|w h`ga/ \ah |hsj #lm`jh|hs# taho xwhl `w ` xom| nf

jh`wxshjho|" `bt`}w shfhsw |n |ah lm`jh|hs |asnxda |ah cn||njnf |ah

gnbxjo ns wa`f| lmshg|b} `cnvh |ah jnxblmodw `| |ah c`wh/

\ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah Snjò gnbxjo mw lmvmlhl mo|n |tn jnlxbhw

`w ` xom| nf jh`wxshjho|/ \ah Snjò jnlxbh mw wxclmvmlhl mo|n

|thbvh u`s|w fns |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" òl hmda|hho u`s|w fns |ah Mnomg òl

Gnsmo|amò Nslhsw/ \axw h`ga jnlxbh mw hpx`b |n noh*a`bf ` lm`jh|hs9



d 0 0~ 1

/+

N ? nm ^? G

_00+;



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW =8

òl |tn jnlxbhw mo |ah Snjò NslhsMw |ah w`jh xom| `w |ah lm`jh|hs

nfwmq|} jmox|hw mo |ah Dshhi/

@| |ah smda| nf |ah Snjò òl `| |ah bhf| nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw no

Fmd/ 85" `sh wanto bmohw j`sihl fns lmvmwmnow mo ahmda|" |ahwh lmvm*

wmnow chmod jxb|mubhw nf |ah lm`jh|hsw `| |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjow/

\ah |ashh Snjò Nslhsw dmvho `sh `bb nf |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs9 òl |ah

|ashh Dshhi gnbxjow" tambh b`sdhs `| |ah c`wh |aò |ah Snjò hq*

`jubhw" `sh `bwn h`ga nf |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs/ \amwub`|h" `ggnslmodb}"

molmg`|hw |ah gnju`s`|mvh ahmda|" |n noh òn|ahs" nf h`ga nf |ah |ashh

Nslhsw/ Mo |ahDshhi Nslhsw"

m| tmbb

ch on|mghl|a`| |ah

uhlhw|`bmw

njm||hl `w gnowmw|ho|b} `w m| mw mogbxlhl mo |ah Snjò hq`jubhw/

@f|hscsmhfb} lhwgsmcmod |ah |ashh |}uh*hq`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw

wanto mo |amw ub`|h" |ah} tmbb h`ga ch hq`jmohl òl mbbxw|s`|hl jnsh

u`s|mgxb`sb}/

M| tmbb ch on|mghl |a`| |ah Lnsmg Nslhs mw c} f`s |ah ah`vmhw| mo

cn|a wh|w nf hq`jubhw/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow mw whvho

lm`jh|hsw/ M|w gù" `cnvh |ah xuuhs bmoh nf ohgimod" mw|ams|}

jmox|hw" ns noh*a`bf ` lm`jh|hs/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn

lm`jh|hsw" |ah `sgam|s`vh chmod fns|}*|tn jmox|hw òl |ah gnsomgh

|ams|}*wmq jmox|hw mo ahmda|/ Mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg" |ah `sgam|s`vh òl

fsmh{h `sh h`ga `cnx| |ashh*fnxs|aw |ah lm`jh|hs mo ahmda|" |ah tanbh

ho|`cb`|xsh chmod |ahshfnsh `cnx| |tn lm`jh|hsw amda/

\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo mw omoh lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" tm|a ` c`wh

|tho|}*fmvh jmox|hw òlgùm|`b |tho|}*hmda| òl noh*a`bf jmox|hw

amda/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn lm`jh|hsw amda" gnowmw|mod nf ò `sgam*

|s`vh nffns|}*fmvh jmox|hw" fsmh{h nf fns|}*|ashh jmox|hw" òl gnsomgh

|ams|}*|tn jmox|hw mo ahmda|/

\ah Dshhi Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo mw |ho lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" |ah c`wh

|tho|}*fmvh òl |ah gù whvho|} jmox|hw amda9 |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn

òl noh*fnxs|a lm`jh|hsw amda" tm|a ò `sgam|s`vh nf fns|}*|ashh

jmox|hw" |ah fsmh{h nffns|} jmox|hw" òl |ah gnsomgh nf

fmf|}*|tn

jmox|hw moahmda|/

\ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah gnsomghw v`smhw" mo |ah Lnsmg chmod |ams|}*

|ashh jmox|hw" mo |ah Mnomg |ams|}*fnxs jmox|hw" òl mo |ah Gnsmo|amò

fns|}*fnxs jmox|hw/

\AH LNSMG NSLHS/

Th fmol mo Hd}u|" `| |ah g`|`gnjcw nf Chom*A`wwò" |ah snxda"

usmjm|mvh |}uh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9òl m| j`} ch fsnj ahsh |a`| |ah




Dshhiw shghmvhl |ahms mowums`|mno/ M| mw wxffmgmho| |n gnju`sh |ah

lhwmdo nf |ah gnbxjo `| Chom*A`wwò" tamga th j`} g`bb usn*Lnsmg

Fmd/70-" tm|a ` usmjm|mvh fnsj nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo noh

|ìho fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Gnsmo|a" Fmd/ 7=- fns hq`jubh mo nslhs

|n jìh ub`mo |ah sh`wnow fns |amw `bbhd`|mno/ M| mw |sxh |a`|"

hvho mf |ah Dshhiw cnssnthl |ah mlh` nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah

Hd}u|mòw" |ah} |sòwfnsjhl m| c} |ah gaòdhw |ah} j`lh xo|mb m| t`w

dbnsmfmhlmo|n ` |}uh `bjnw| `cwnbx|hb} nsmdmo`b/

\ah nblhw| òl ah`vmhw| nf |ah |ashh Dshhi Nslhsw t`w |ah Lnsmg"

tamga t`w `bwn" wn f`s `w |ah gnbxjo m|whbf t`w gnoghsohl" |ah wmjubhw|

nf |ahj `bb/ M| gnjcmohw `| |ah w`jh |mjhwnbmlm|}

òl w|shod|a tm|a

ta`| usnvhl |n ch |ah jnw| wxc|bh òl lhbmg`|h shfmohjho|w nf nx|bmoh

|a`| `sgam|hg|xsh a`w ionto/ \amw Nslhs j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w shu*

shwho|mod" u`s hqghbbhogh" |ah chw| hffns|w nf |ah Dshhi cxmblhsw/ M| mw

ghs|`mob} shushwho|`|mvhnf |ah jnw| uhsfhg| hqushwwmno nf |ah Dshhi

wumsm|"tamga th fmol mw hqhjubmfmhl hvho c} |ah gxsvh nf |ah hgamoxw

xwhl mo |ahgùm|`b

nf |amw Nslhs/

\ah Dshgmò Lnsmg Nslhs" wn f`s `w |ah gnbxjo mw gnoghsohl" t`w

ch`x|mfxbb} wmjubh" òl" `w xwhl c} |ah Gb`wwmg cxmblhsw" `||`mohl `

dsh`| hffhg| nf dsòlhxs òl lmdom|}/ \amw mw thbb wanto mo |ah \hjubh

nf \ahwhxw" |ah jnw| gnjubh|h shj`mow nf ` Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubh"

tamga mw wanto mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mno Fmd/ 80-/ @w th a`vh whho t`w

o`|xs`b fsnj m|w lhsmv`|mno" on c`wh t`w xwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo/ \ah

|amgiohww nf m|w wa`f| mo gnju`smwno tm|a m|w ahmda|" `bnod tm|a |ah

ohghww`s} o`ssnt wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" lml on| whhj |n shpxmsh ò}

wxga fh`|xsh/

Lmffhshoghw mo |ah Hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah dsh`|

lmffhshoghw tamga th fmol mo |ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow òl u`s|w nf |ah

hqmw|mod hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" ub`mob} want |ah hquhsmjho|w nf

|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w mo |ahms holh`vns |n `ssmvh `| ò mlh`b" ns hvho `

w`|mwf`g|ns}" |}uh fnsj/ \axw th fmol |a`| |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo

m|whbf v`smhw fsnj `cnx| fnxs òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw |n whvholm`jh|hsw"

tambh |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah |nu nf |ah wa`f| v`smhw fsnj wmq*|ho|aw |n

hmda| òl noh*px`s|hs |ho|aw nf |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/ Mo dhohs`b"

th fmol |a`| mo |ah h`sbmhs hq`jubhw |ah gnbxjow `sh jxga |amgihs mo

usnuns|mno |n |ahms ahmda|" òl |a`| |ahsh t`w `bwn jxga jnsh lmffhs*

hogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh òl `| |ah ohgi |aò hqmw|w mo

|anwh nf ` b`|hs l`|h/




Nslhs nf |ah U`s|ahono/ \ah Nslhs nf |ah U`s|ahono `| @|ahow

Fmd/ <8" òl Ub`|h QQQVMM- mw ahbl |n ch |ah jnw| ch`x|mfxb hq`jubh

nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah gnbxjow" tm|anx| ` c`wh" shw| mjjhlm`|hb}

xuno ` w|}bnc`|h gnowmw|mod nf |ashh amda w|huwnf Uho|hbmg j`scbh/

\ah wa`f|" wbmda|b} wthbbmod" a`w |tho|} wa`bbnt fbx|modw" o`ssntmod

ds`lx`bb} fsnj cn||nj |n|nu" `w lnhw |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" òl whu`s`|hl

c} wa`su hldhw" ns `ssmwhw/ \ah gnbxjo" |nn" mw jnw| uhsfhg| mo lm`j*

h|hs shb`|mno |n ahmda|/

Mo |ah U`s|ahono |ah gnbxjow `sh fmvh òl `*a`bf lm`jh|hsw" ns

hbhvho

jnlxbhw"mo

ahmda|/\ahwh

usnuns|mnow`sh `bwn |anwh nf |ah

gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw òl |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow mo |ah

Usnu}b`h` ns ho|sògh |n |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow9 cx| on| `bb |ah hq*

`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg ushwho| gnbxjow nf |ah w`jh usnuns|mnow/

Ds`lx`b Gaòdhw mo |ah Usnuns|mnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ Th fmol

|a`|" chdmoomod tm|a |ah whvho|a gho|xs} C/ G/" taho |ah gnbxjo wa`f|

t`w w|mbb gbxjw} òl xognx|a" |ah usnuns|mnow `f|hst`slw dsnt ds`lx*

`bb}jnsh hbhdò|9 òl" `| |ah w`jh |mjh |a`| |ah gnbxjow |hol |n*

t`slw ` fnsj jnsh wbholhs" |ah ho|`cb`|xsh dsntw bhww ah`v}/

@jnod |ah |hjubh cxmblmodw" |ah jnw| ògmho| `sh `bwn |ah gsxlhw|/

\ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |aho `cnx| |tn*fmf|aw |a`| nf |ah gnbxjo/

@f|hst`slw" `w mo |ah \hjubh nf @|aho` no |ah mwbòl nf _Hdmo`" |ah

Usnu}bwh`" |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw" òl |ah U`s|ahono" |ah ho|`cb`|xshw

`sh `cnx| noh*|amsl |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9 tambh mo |ah \hjubh nf

[hxw `| Ohjh`" tamga chbnodw |n |ah gnjjhoghjho| nf |ah lhg`lhogh"

|ah ho|`cb`|xsh ahmda| mw nob} ` px`s|hs nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|/

Gnbxjo Ho|`wmw/ Mo |ahwh Nslhsw" |ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs mw j`lh

pxm|h gnowmlhs`cb} bhww |aò |ah bnths lm`jh|hs" òl |ah gnbxjo

mw #|ùhshl# ns #wthbbhl# mo nx|bmoh/ M| |axw shushwho|w ò mogbmohl

usnfmbhtm|a ò nx|bmoh |ùhsmod ns wthbbmod fsnj |ah bnths |n

|ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs/ \amwusnfmbh

mw dhohs`bb} dmvho ` fnsjwbmda|b}

gxsvhl" lxh |n ò #ho|`wmw# nf |ah jmllbh u`s|"cx| wnjh|mjhw |ah

|tn lm`jh|hsw `sh

knmohl c}

`w|s`mda|

bmoh/ \ah wj`bbhs òlb`sdhs

lm`jh|hsw" `b|anxda v`sm`cbh" a`vh ` ghs|`mo shb`|mno |a`| mw fnbbnthl

mo hvhs} g`wh" gaòdmod |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo òl sholhsmod m|

jnsh ns bhww gxsvhl/

Mo |ah nbl \hjubh nf Gnsmo|a" |ah lmjmox|mno nf |ah xuuhs u`s|

hpx`bw noh*fnxs|a ` lm`jh|hs9 mo |ah \hjubh nf Unwhmlno `| Uwhw|xj"

m| mw noh*|amsl9 mo |ah \hjubh nf \ahwhxw" |ah U`s|ahono" òl |ah



DSHHI7LNSMN@OL MNOMG

UB@\H QQQVMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QQQVMM/-



|f

MMwH <?

`+

N n

b!

00

f!U n



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW ==

\hjubh nf [hxw" |tn*omo|aw9 mo |ah \hjubh nf [hxw `| Ohjh`"

noh*fmf|a 9òl mo |ah Uns|mgn nf Uambmu noh*wmq|a/

\n |s`gh |ah dsnt|a òl ds`lx`b shfmohjho| nf |ah $usnuns|mnow

nf |ah fmsw| Dshhi Nslhs" m| mw ahbufxb |n a`vh ò mlh` nf |ah gnju`s`|mvh

l`|h òl gnbxjo lmjhowmnow nf |ah chw| ionto hq`jubhw 9òl fns |amw

uxsunwh m| chgnjhw ohghww`s} |n shvhs| |n |ah xom| nf |ah jh`wxsh |ah

lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjow `| |ah c`wh/

L@\HW @OL GNBXJO LMJHOWMNOW NF DSHHI LNSMG \HJUBHW/

Hvmlho|b} |ah cxmblhsw shgndom{hl |a`| |ah hffhg| usnlxghl c}

|ahwh fmsw| gnbxjow t`w w|xju} òl xods`ghfxb/ \ah} fnxol |a`|

|ah} thsh |nn wans| fns |ahms ahmda|" |a`| |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi t`w

jxga |nn wj`bb mo usnuns|mno |n |a`| `| |ah c`wh" òl |a`| |ah fmsw| xwhl

jnxblmodw thsh xognx|a9òl |ahwh f`xb|w |ah} ùu`sho|b} wh| |ahj*

whbvhw |n shg|mf}mo wxgghhlmod hq`jubhw/ Wn f`s `w th gò |s`gh |ah

l`|hw nf |ah Dshhi |hjubh sxmow `bbntmod" nf gnxswh" fns |ah lmffhshogh

mobng`bm|}"

tamga jxw| wnjh|mjhw a`vh ushvho|hl |ah w|xl}" c} |ah

cxmblhsw"

nf

hq`jubhwmo òn|ahs

gnxo|s}|ah

usnuns|mnow

nf |ah

Lnsmg Nslhs want ` gno|moxnxw usndshww |nt`sl |ah uhsfhg|mno |n tamga

m| fmo`bb}`||`mohl mo |ah Dnblho ns Uhsmgbhò @dh" |ah fmf|a gho|xs}

chfnsh Gasmw|/

\ahns} nf Lhsmv`|mno nf Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj Tnnlho Gnow|sxg|mno/

\ah lh|`mbw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" òl hwuhgm`bb} nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh"

`sh wxuunwhl |n a`vh chho cnssnthl fsnj |ah |mjchs fs`jmod nf |ah




wj`bbhs òl h`sbmhs cxmblmodw nf |ah Dshhiw" òl |ahshfnsh |n ch ` gnu}"

mo w|noh" nf |ah fnsjw òl u`s|w nf ` tnnlho cxmblmod/

M| t`w |ah |ahns} nf Vm|sxvmxw" |ah usmogmu`b ògmho| tsm|hs xuno

`sgam|hg|xsh" |a`| |ah ds`lx`b wxcw|m|x|mno nf w|noh fns tnnl `w `

cxmblmod j`|hsm`b tnxbl o`|xs`bb} `ggnxo| fns ghs|`mo hbhjho|w mo

tamga tnnl gnow|sxg|mno mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs whhjw |n ch mjm|`|hl mo

w|noh/ Ah w`}w |a`| w|noh gnbxjow |nni |ah ub`gh nf tnnlhounw|w"

òl |ah fbx|mod nf |ahwh gnbxjow gnsshwunolhl |n |ah ga`jfhsw nf |ah

Fmd/ 83/ Tnnl Gnow|sxg|mno/

\ah w|}bnc`|h" ubmo|a" òl c`wh" ah lhsmvhw fsnj ` wmbb ns ch`j

no tamga |ah unw|w shw|hl/ \ah gùm|`b mw $jhshb} ` ub`|h ns cbngi"mo|holhl |n wans|ho |ah wuò nf |ah knmw|w shw|mod xuno |ah unw|w" òl |n

dmvh |ah knmw|w ` csn`lhs ch`smod xuno |ah unmo|w nf |ahms wxuuns|/ \ah

|smdb}uaw gnsshwunol |n |ah holw nf |ah ghmbmod ch`jw" òl |ah vnml

wu`ghw ch|thho |ahwh ch`jw `sh |ah jh|nuhw" tamga thsh `| fmsw| bhf|

nuho fns bmda| òl vho|mb`|mno" òl tamga thsh fmbbhl mo tm|a lhgns`|hl

wb`cw nob} `| ` b`|hsuhsmnl/

\ah s`f|hsw nf |ah snnfusnkhg|mod ch}nol




|ah fs`jh nf |ah cxmblmod d`vh |ah wxddhw|mno fns ` gnsomgh" òl |ah

jx|xbhw nf |ah gnsno` `sh |ah holw nf |ahwh s`f|hsw/

\ah dx||`h ns lsnuw a`vh |ah waùh nf umow xwhl mo |ah fs`jmod nf

|mjchs" tambh |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf m|whbf dmvhw |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah uhlm*

jho|/ \ahwh wxuunwm|mnow `sh on| ch}nol gsm|mgmwj òl gò molhhl

ch jh| c} v`bml nckhg|mnow" cx| |ah} `sh `| bh`w| ub`xwmcbh òl mo|hshw|*

mod" |ìho `b|ndh|ahs/

Chbm||bmod" mo ` t`}" `w |amw hqubò`|mno whhjw" m| ùuh`sw |n a`vh

a`l dhohs`b `gghu|ògh xu |n |ah

ushwho| |mjh" òl a`w chho `|

bh`w| modhomnxwb} wxuuns|hl c}

jò} |ahnsmw|w |n tanj m| a`w

ùuh`bhl/ \ah |tn gx|w" Fmdw/ 83

òl 87" molmg`|h |ah unwwmcbh u`s*

`bbhbw mo tnnl òl w|noh tahshc}

|amw dsnt|a j`} a`vh nggxsshl/

Mo ò} g`wh th jxw| `bbnt |a`|

#|ah w|noh vhswmno mw on| ` jhsh

gnu} nf |ah nsmdmo`b" cx| |a`| m|

a`w chgnjh vhs} amdab} mlh`bm{hl

mo jnw| nf m|w u`s|w/ \ah |sm*

db}uaw òl jh|nuhw shushwho|

ta`| j`} a`vh chho |ah holw nf

ch`jw òl |ah wu`ghw ch|thho

|ahj9 òl |ah jx|xbhw wbnumod

`w |ah} `sh mo jnw| nf |ah Dshhi

hq`jubhw j`} shushwho| |ah holw nf s`f|hsw/ Shfhssmod u`s|mgxb`sb}

|n Fmd/ 83" òl mj`dmomod |a`| |ah gnbxjo chbnt mw lnoh `t`} tm|a"

òl |a`| |ah `sgam|s`vh mw jhshb} |ah xuuhs uns|mno nf ` cbòi w|noh

t`bb" `w mw wanto mo G" Fmd/ 8<" th wa`bb |s} |n fmol òn|ahs òl jnsh

bndmg`b sh`wno fns |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah fsmh{h `cnvh m|" |aò |a`| noh

dhohs`bb} `bbnthl/@on|ahs Hqubò`|mno nf Nsmdmo nf Lnsmg Ho|`cb`|xsh/ Fmsw|" th

jxw| shjhjchs |a`| |ah t`bb chbnt mw nf w|noh" òl |a`| m| mw xocsniho

c} nuhomodw `w `| 0 G" Fmd/ 8<-/ M| a`w on tmolntw" `w |ah} tnxbl

ch |nn jxga hqunwhl |n |ah mogbhjhogmhw nf |ah th`|ahs/ @gsnww |ah

|nu nf |amw w|noh t`bb mw ub`ghl ` gno|moxnxw còl nf gnumod 3 G-" |n

usn|hg| m|w xuuhs wxsf`gh9 òl xuno |amw `sh wh| ` oxjchs nf wans|"

Fmd/ 87/ W|noh Gnow|sxg|mno/




wpx`sh xusmda| unw|wns cbngiw 7 G-" bh`vmod nuhomodw ch|thho |ahj

fns |ah `ljmwwmno nfbmda|

òl `ms/ \ah ch`jw òl s`f|hsw nf |ah snnf

`sh wh| mjjhlm`|hb} xuno |ahwh wpx`sh cbngiw < G-" òl |ah h`vhw nf

|ah snnf nvhsaòd |ah t`bb wn `w |n usn|hg| cn|a m| òl |ah tmolntw/

\ah s`f|hsw ns jx|xbhw < G-" nf gnxswh" tnxbl o`|xs`bb} gnjh lmshg|b}

nvhs |ah cbngiw ns |smdb}uaw 7 G-" tamga `sh wh| no |ah gnumod ns |whom`

3 G-9 òl taho |ah unsga nf |ah |hjubh ns cxmblmod mw sh`gahl" |ah

w`jh |sh`|jho| mw gno|moxhl9 nob} ahsh |ah bmo|hb b`ml `gsnww |ah gnb*

xjow chgnjhw |ah `sgam|s`vh mo*

w|h`lnf

|ah xuuhs u`s|nf

` ub`mot`bb/

\amw usnghwwnf lhvhbnujho|

mw fxs|ahs wxuuns|hl c} whvhs`b

cm|w nf mo|hso`b hvmlhogh/ M| tmbb

ch fnxol |a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah

Dshhi |smdb}ua t`w wh| fbxwa ns

mo ubòh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb

ns `sgam|s`vh chbnt" tambh |ah

f`gh nf |ah jh|nuh t`w wh| c`gi

fsnj |amw wxsf`gh mo nslhs |n lh*

j`silmw|mog|b}

|ah gnsohsw ò`

|sh`|jho| nf |ah |smdb}ua/ \ah

f`g| `cnvh lnhw wnjh|amod |n

wxuuns| |ah `wwxju|mno |a`| |ah

|smdb}ua t`w on| ò nso`jho|

ùubmhl xuno |ah f`gh nf |ah

fsmh{h" cx| t`w s`|ahs ò mjuns*

|ò| w|sxg|xs`b jhjchs mo |ah

wxuuns| nf |ah gnsomgh òl snnf nvhsah`l/ \amw shghmvhw hvho jnsh

w|smimod gnssncns`|mno mo |ah jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod |ahwh w|noh

ho|`cb`|xshw/ C} shfhssmod `d`mo |n Fmd/ 8<" |ah whg|mno |asnxda |ah

ho|`cb`|xsh `|C"

òl |ahubò |asnxda

|ah fsmh{h mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

`| @" `sh cn|a |ìho fsnj |ah U`s|ahono ` b`|h hq`jubh" `w th

a`vh whho òl |ahwh |tn ls`tmodw shvh`b `| nogh |ah f`g| |a`| |ah

|smdb}ua m|whbf mw |ah jnw| mjuns|ò| w|sxg|xs`b cbngi mo |ah ho|msh

fsmh{h/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho" ns n|ahstmwh |ah jh|nuh" mw fmbbhl `| |ah

fsno| c} ` wa`bbnt uòhb nf j`scbh wh| mo ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw"òl

|ah wu`gh chamol m| mw fmbbhl tm|a òn|ahs w|noh tamga lnhw on| hqhs*

Fmd/ 8</ Whg|mnow wantmod H`sb} Tnnlòl @g|x`b W|noh Gnow|sxg|mno

nf U`s|ahono/ *




gmwh ò} lmshg| wmdomfmgògh xuno |ah gnow|sxg|mno nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/

@d`mo" m| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |ah |smdb}uaw gnjhlmshg|b}

nvhs |ah gnbxjow choh`|a9 òl |amw f`g|" *`bnod tm|a |ah xwh nf |ah

|smdb}uaw no |ah hq`g| gnsohs ns òdbh mo Dshhi tnsi tahsh wxuuns|

fns |ah tnsi nvhsah`l no cn|a wmlhw nf |ah cxmblmod mw jnw| hwwho|m`b

mw hqub`mohl nob} c} |amw jh|anl nf sh`wnomod/ Nf gnxswh" m| tnxbl ch

jnw| o`|xs`b fns |ah s`f|hsw nf |ah snnf |n ch wu`ghl lmshg|b} nvhs |ahwh

wxuuns|mod cbngiw9 òl `d`mo `w nggxsw mo |ah fsmh{h chbnt" tahsh noh

|smdb}ua" `| bh`w|" gnjhw nvhs |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow noh

s`f|hs gnjhw mo |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw9 òl wn th a`vh |ahhbhjho|w ohghww`s} |n usnlxgh |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg |sh`|jho| nf |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh/

Noh n|ahs unmo| wanxbl ch jho|mnohl/ \ah g`svmod |a`| fsh*

pxho|b} nso`jho|w |ah f`gh nf |ah jh|nuh mo jò} nf |ah Dshhi |hj*

ubhw molmg`|hw c} m|w ga`s`g|hs òn|ahs sh`wno mo wxuuns| nf |amw |ahns}/

\amw g`svmod t`w jnw| fshpxho|b} mo |ah o`|xsh nf |snuamhw ns lhgns`*

|mvh dsnxuw gnjunwhl nf v`smnxw `sjw òl umhghw nf cnl} `sjns9 òl

m| whhjw vhs} usnc`cbh |a`| |amww|}bh

nf nso`jho| nsmdmo`|hl fsnj |ah

f`g| |a`| mo h`sbmhs cxmblmodw |amw nuho wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw t`w

nf|ho fmbbhl tm|a vn|mvh nffhsmodw nf `sjw |ìho fsnj gù|mvhw òl

ub`ghl `snxol |ah |hjubh mo |amw f`wamno/ Wn" taho |amw wu`gh t`w

gbnwhl mo mo b`|hs tnsi" |ah lhgns`|mno nf m|w f`gh c} ` ushwho|jho| nf

|ah |snua} m|whbf tnxbl whhj vhs} o`|xs`b |n |ah cxmblhsw/

@w |ah |hjubhw mogsh`whl mo wm{h" |ah} chg`jh jnsh lmffmgxb| |n

bmda| fsnj |ahwh wj`bb nuhomodw choh`|a |ah gnsomgh" òl m| chg`jh

ohghww`s} |n nuho ` b`sdh wu`gh mo |ah snnf fns |amw uxsunwh/ M| jxw|

a`vh chho `cnx| |amw |mjh |a`| |ah jh|nuh wu`gh chdò |n ch hogxj*

chshl tm|a |snuamhw nf `sjns" òl wnno |ahsh`f|hs m| t`w gbnwhl ho*

|mshb} c} cbngiw nf j`scbh" xo|mb m|w ògmho| uxsunwh t`w ho|mshb} dmvho

xu òl lmwshd`slhl/

W|noh Ga`s`g|hs nf Dshhi Cxmblmodw tm|a Lnsmg Nslhs/ Tamga*

hvhs nf |ahwh |ahnsmhw ch |ah jnshoh`sb} gnsshg|"

|ahsh gòch

on

pxhw|mno `w |n |ah jhsm| nf |ah Dshgmò `sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah b`||hs u`s|

nf |ah 4|a gho|xs} C/ G/ \ah cxmblhsw nf |a`| l`} csnih gnjubh|hb}

tm|a |ah |s`lm|mnow nf |mjchs gnow|sxg|mno tm|a tamga |ah} thsh f`jmbm`s

òl tanwh wbmda|ohww |ah} jmda| a`vh chho |hju|hl |n mjm|`|h" tahsh`w

|ah} hw|`cbmwahl tm|a sh`b fnsgh òl gnjubh|h sh`wno`cbhohww |ah

hwwho|m`b usmogmubhwnf ` oht jnlh nf cxmblmod/



05< W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW

Fsnj |amw w|òlunmo| |ah jnoxjho|`b tnsiw nf Lnsmg `sgam*

|hg|xsh |a`| `snwh `| |ah hol nf |ah 4|a gho|xs} òl `| |ah chdmoomod

nf |ah 6|a mo Gnsmo|a" @dsmdho|xj" W}s`gxwh" Whdhw|`" òl Uwhw|xj"

`sh ch}nol gsm|mgmwj/ C} |ah 8|a gho|xs}" |ah usnuns|mnow a`vh chho

jnlmfmhl" òl us`g|mghl aòlw òl h}hw a`vh dmvho |n |ahj dsh`|hs

hbhdògh nf lh|`mb òl jnsh shfmohjho| mo |ah j`ww9 cx| |ah oht w}w|hj

nf gnow|sxg|mno shj`mow xogaòdhl/

\axw t`w fnsjhl mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs |ah fmsw| lhvhbnujho|

nf m|w imol" òl noh |a`| usnvhl |n ch |ah usndhom|ns nf |ah n|ahs wxg*

ghhlmod Nslhsw"`w thbb `w |ah

vhs} chdmoomodnf `sgam|hg|xsh `w `

fmoh `s|/

@f|hst`slw" mo u`s|w nf J`ghlnom` òl `| Unjuhmm" |ah usnuns*

|mnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs `sh `ggho|x`|hl mo |ahms ahmda|9 m| bnwhw |ah

sncxw| `wuhg| òl w|shod|a nf m|w ga`s`g|hs9 òl wnno" mo n|ahs `wuhg|w

|aò |ah wbmjohww nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|" |ah lhg`lhogh" tamga a`w gnj*

jhoghl" chgnjhw jnsh jòmfhw|/

\}uh Fnsj nf Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/ Ub`|h QQQVMMM lmwub`}w `

|}uh fnsj nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" |ah wg`bh nf u`s|w chmod wanto

`| |ah bnths u`s| nf |ah ub`|h"òl |ah wm{h nf |ah gnbxjo" mo tml|a" `w

u`s|w `| |ah c`wh/ \ah gnbxjo mw gx| chbnt |ah gùm|`b òl `cnvh |ah

c`wh" wn `w |n dh| cn|a ho|`cb`|xsh òl c`wh no |ah u`dh `| ` b`sdh wm{h/

@| |ah smda| nf |ah ub`|h"` whg|mno |asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw wanto c}

` l`sihs whg|mno bmoh" |n molmg`|h ant |ah wxsf`ghw usnkhg| ch}nol h`ga

n|ahs/ \amw whg|mno mw |ah nx|bmoh |a`| tnxbl ch nc|`mohl mf |ah gns*

omgh thsh gx| |asnxda9 ns m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah u`||hso nf |ah

wmlhw nf |ah w|nohw nf tamga |ah Nslhs mw gnjunwhl/ Chwmlh |ah

gùm|`bnf |ah gnbxjo mw |ah ubò nf |ah xolhswmlh ns wnffm| nf |ah nvhs*

aòdmod gnsomgh" wantmod |ah nso`jho|`|mno fshpxho|b} xwhl `| |ah

gnsohs òdbh òl |ah bm||bh gmsgxb`s dx||wh tamga `sh wanto mo |ahms

bng`|mno no |ah j`mo hbhv`|mno nf |ah Nslhs/ @| |ah bhf| nf |ah gù mw

òn|ahs ls`tmod nf |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gùm|`b `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh/

Mo |ah

hq`jubh

nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ*

VMMM" |ah gnbxjo a`w |tho|} gaòohbw ns fbx|hw" `w wanto mo ubò mo

Fmd/ 88" òl shw|w xuno ` w|}bnc`|hns ub`|fnsj dhohs`bb} gnowmw|mod nf

|ashh amda w|huw/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 11" ò hbhv`|mno nf |ah Usnu}bwh`

`| @|ahow" |asnxda tamga ho|sògh t`w nc|`mohl |n |ah @gsnunbmw

`cnvh" |ah dhohs`b ùuh`sògh òl xwh nf |amw Nslhs tmbb ch whho pxm|h

gbh`sb}/Noh mov`sm`cbh ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |amw gnbxjo" tamga mo u`s|



NFFMGH CXMBLMOD FNS \AH GAMG@DN & ONS\ATHW\HSO S@MBT@] GNJU@O]"

GAMG@DN" MBB/

Fsnw| & Dsòdhs" @sgam|hg|w9 H/ G/ & S/ J/ Waòibòl" Hodmohhsw/

\amw Mbbxw|s`|mno Wantw |ah Jnlhso W|hhb Gnbxjo òl |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Gnbxjo |ah W|sxg*|xs`b Gnbxjo òl |ah @uubmhl Gb`wwmg Gnbxjo Wmlh c} Wmlh" |ah Fnsjhs chmod Xwhl Wnbhb} fns

W|sxg|xs`b Uxsunwhw" |ah B`||hs chmod Xwhl W|sxg|xs`bb} mo |ah F`gmod nf Dsòm|h" òl `bwn



> " \ / f / *\ " \ / \ " \

UB@\H QQQVMMM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QQQVMMM/-




molmg`|hw m|w jnsh hbhjho|`s} fnsj `w thbb `w m|w lmshg| lhsmv`|mno fsnj

|ah sngi*gx|umhs"

mw |ah `cwhogh nf ` c`wh/ \ah gaòohbw sxolmshg|b}

lnto" òl w|nu `d`mow| ns xuno |ah ub`|fnsj ns w|}bnc`|h xuno tamga|ah wa`f| shw|w9 òl `| |ah |nu |ah} `sh tnsihl nx| `d`mo |n |ah ansm{no*

|`b fmbbh|w ns òoxbh|w nf |ah gùm|`b/ \ah oxjchs nf |ahwh gaòohbw

mw `bt`}w hvho/ @w a`w chho w`ml" |ah oxjchs nf |tho|} t`w xwx`bb}

hjubn}hl" `b|anxda mo noh hq`jubh |a`| nf |ah Dsh`| \hjubh `|

Uwhw|xj a`vh chho fnxol gnb*

xjow nf |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw mo |ah

hq|hsmns nslhs" òl gnbxjow nf

|tho|} òl hvho `w fht `w wmq*

|hho fbx|hw mo |ah mo|hsmns/ Cx|

mo |ah chw| hq`jubhw mo @|ahow"

|ah oxjchs mw mov`sm`cb} |tho|}"

tambh |ahms whg|mno mw `bt`}w

whjm*hbbmu|mg`b" ns" mo h`sb} tnsi"

|ah whdjho| nf ` gmsgbh/

\ah Dshhi Lnsmg Gùm|`b/

\ah gùm|`b nf |ah Lnsmg nslhs

gnowmw|w nf |tn usmogmu`b u`s|w" `

ub`mo@c`gxw òl ` jnxblmod nf

shfmohl nx|bmoh |hsjhl ò Hgam:

R

Fmd/ 88/ Jh|anl nf Fbx|mod Dshhi Lnsmg

Gnbxjow/

oxw" tm|a dhohs`bb} |ashh Bmw|hbw ns @ooxbh|w chbnt m|/ \ah `c`gxw"

ns xuuhs jhjchs nf |ah gù" mw ` ub`mo cbngi" shg|òdxb`s mo

hbhv`|mno" òl mw |ah nob} jhjchs nf |amw gnbxjo |a`| mw wpx`shmo ubò/ \ah hgamoxw" ns bnths jhjchs nf |ah

gùm|`b"mw mo

vhs|mg`b whg|mno `bt`}w ` fshhaòl gxsvh/ \amw gxsvh ùusn`gahw

òhbbmuwh

ns a}uhscnb`" |ah bnths u`s| nf tamga holw mo ` whsmhw nf

fmbbh|w v`s}mod fsnj |tn |n fmvh mo oxjchs/ \ahwh fmbbh|w g`ss} `snxol

chbnt |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod" òl whu`s`|h |ahgùm|`b

fsnj |ah

gaòohbhl ohgi ns wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo/ @ ohgimod mw wnjh|mjhw

wxddhw|hl c} whu`s`|mod ` ghs|`mo uns|mnonf |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah

shj`molhs nf |ah wa`f| c} ` lhhub} wxoi gaòohb/ \amw wpx`sh

gaòohb ns wmoi`dh |ìhw |ah ub`gh nf ò `w|s`d`b9 òl |ah ohgimod nf

|ah gnbxjo gù mw `bt`}w hm|ahs ub`mons fbx|hl" chmod |sh`|hl |n `dshh

tm|a |ah gnbxjo wa`f|/ \ah |n|`b ahmda| nf |ah Lnsmggùm|`b mw noh

jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/

Dhohs`b Sxbh fns Ahmda| nf Wa`f|/ \ah usnuns|mno nf |ah ohgimod




|n |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo" `w wanto mo |ah nslhs" Ub`|h QQQVMMM" mw `w

<1 u`s|w ns jmox|hw gnju`shl |n 659 tambh |ah ahmda| nf |ah wa`f|"

mogbxlmod |ah gùm|`b" v`smhw mo ògmho| hq`jubhw" cx|" fns nxs ushwho|

uxsunwh" j`} ch |ìho `w chmod whvho lm`jh|hsw nf |ah gnbxjo" `w

wanto mo Fmd/ 85/ \ah gnbxjo xwhl no |ah U`s|ahono tmbb" c} shfhs*

hogh |n |ah hq`jubh mo Ub`|h QQQVMM" ch fnxol |n ch nob} fmvh òl

noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" mow|h`l nf |ah whvho lm`jh|hsw tamga a`w

kxw| chho shgnjjholhl/ Cx| |amw ùu`sho| gno|s`lmg|mno mw hqub`mohl

c} |tn f`g|w/ Mo |ah fmsw| ub`gh" |ah gnbxjo nf |ah U`s|ahono mw xo*

lnxc|hlb}

|ah jnw| uhsfhg| |a`| gnxbl ch lhvmwhl fns xwh `w m| mw |ahsh

hjubn}hl mo vhs} b`sdh wm{h òl xolhs ` tmlh" fb`|" wush`lmod uhlm*

jho| tm|a ` bnod gnbnoo`lh no h`ga sh|xsomod wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod/

Cx| fns jnlhso uxsunwhw" tahsh on wxga dsòlhxs nf wg`bh mwunwwmcbh"

wnjh gnowmlhs`cbh gaòdh mw `lvmw`cbh9 `w |ah gnbxjo tnxbl on| ch

oh`sb} wn b`sdh" m| shpxmshw s`|ahs ` wbholhs òl ds`ghfxb |aò ` w|xsl}

wa`f|/ \ah f`g| |a`| |ah gnbxjow tnxbl ch ub`ghl f`s|ahs ù`s| |aò

mo |ah hq`jubh nf |ah U`s|ahono" `bwn ohghwwm|`|hw |ah `gghu|ògh nf `

pxm|h lmffhsho| usmogmubh |n dnvhso |ahms gnjunwm|mno" `b|anxda thwanxbl `lahsh lmshg|b} |n |ah dhohs`b Dshhi bmohw" òl `w fns jnw| uxs*

unwhw |ah Nslhs tnxbl ch shusnlxghl |n*l`} mo tnnl" |amw gnowmlhs`|mno

tnxbl `bwn |hol |n bmda|ho |ah usnuns|mnow òl hffhg| nf |ah wa`f|/

\ah W|}bnc`|h/ \ah w|huw fnsjmod |ah w|}bnc`|h no tamga |ah

gnbxjo shw|w wanxbl ch ` ghs|`mo usnuns|mno nf m|w lm`jh|hs" òl h`ga

w|hu wanxbl on| ch bhww mo ahmda| |aò fmf|hho u`s|w"ns noh*px`s|hs nf

|ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs/ Mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM mw wanto noh nf |ahwh w|huw

`| |ah gnsshg| usnuns|mno `w shd`slw |ah Nslhs `w ` tanbh9 tambh òn|ahs

mow|ògh nf |ahms gnsshg| xwh mw wanto mo |ah ub`|h mbbxw|s`|mod |ah wj`bb

|hjubh nf Lmò` Usnu}b`h` `| Hbhxwmw Ub`|h QQQV-/\ah Ho|`cb`|xsh/ @sgam|s`vh/ @cnvh |ah gnbxjo mw ub`ghl

|ah ho|`cb`|xsh" tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh shw|mod lmshg|b}no |ah `c`gxw nf

|ah gùm|`b M|w bnths lmvmwmno" ns `sgam|s`vh" wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ*

VMMM" mw jhshb} ` ub`mo w|noh bmo|hb b`ml `gsnww òl xuno |ah wxuuns|mod

gnbxjow òl g`ss}mod mo m|w |xso |ah fsmh{h/ \amw bmo|hb hpx`bw mo

|amgiohww |ah tml|a nf |ah gnbxjo `| m|w ohgi" òl ch|thho |ahgùm|`bw

fnsjw ` wnffm| tamga" mo |amw Nslhs" mw bhf| uhsfhg|b} ub`mo/\amw `sgam*

|s`vh mw wn `ssòdhl |a`| |ah knmo|w `bt`}w gnsshwunol tm|a |ah `qhw nf

|ah gnbxjow" hqghu| `| |ah gnbxjo no |ah òdbh tahsh |ahsh mw on

umo| no |ah usmogmu`b f`=`lh/




\ah nob} jnxblmodw no |ah `sgam|s`vh `sh |ah bmw|hb òl |ah |whom`

tamga gsnto m|" òl tamga whsvh |n whu`s`|h m| fsnj |ah fsmh{h/ \ah

bmw|hb ns shdxb` mw pxm|h wj`bb" òl mw xwhl mo wans| whg|mnow nggxssmod

lmshg|b} choh`|a |ah |smdb}uaw mo |ah fsmh{h `cnvh" chmod `bt`}w nf `

bhod|a |n gnsshwunol |n |ah tml|a nf |ah f`gh nf |ah |smdb}ua/ Wmq gno*

mg`b lsnuw ns dx||wh `sh ub`ghl `| shdxb`s mo|hsv`bw choh`|a" òl aòdmod

fsnj" |ah bmw|hb/

Fsmh{h/ \ah fsmh{h" shw|mod lmshg|b} no |ah |whom` ns `sgam|s`vh"

mw lhgns`|hl c} nso`jho|w |hsjhl \smdb}uaw" |a`| `sh xwhl nob} no

|ah f`ghnf

|ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh òl shj`mom|w

jnw| lmw|mog|mvh

fh`|xsh/ \ahwh |smdb}uaw `sh cbngiw" shg|òdxb`s mo waùh" òl nf `

ahmda| mo usnuns|mno |n |ah tml|a nf |ah gnbxjo" wu`ghl hvhob} `bnod

|ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h" òl a`vmod |ahms f`ghw g`svhl tm|a |tn uhs*

uholmgxb`s" mogmwhl gaòohbw ns wmoi`dhw" V*waùhl mo whg|mno9 òl |tn

a`bf*gaòohbw no |ah gnsohs hldhw sxoomod fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah |whom`

|n kxw| chbnt |ah bnthw| jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" tahsh |ah} `sh w|nuuhl"

ns `d`mo tnsihl nx| |n |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah |smdb}ua/ \ahwh gaòohbw

mjm|`|h |ah gx||mod nf |ah holw nf tnnlho ch`jw shw|mod xuno |ah

|sòwvhswh `sgam|s`vh ns bmo|hb/ Dhohs`bb} |ah tml|a nf |ah |smdb}uaw

mw vhs}oh`sb} hpx`b |n noh*a`bf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh" òl |ah}

hq|hol mo ahmda| fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah |whom` |n |ah cn||nj nf |ah bnthw|

jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" tamga mw csniho `snxol |n shghmvh |ahj/ \ah

shdxb` òl lhuholho| dx||wh aòd no |ah f`gh nf |ah `sgam|s`vh chbnt"

òl mo bmoh tm|a |ah |smdb}uamo hvhs} g`wh/ \ahwh dx||wh `sh u}s`jml`b

ns gnomg`b*waùhl cbngiw ns lsnuw shushwho|mod hm|ahs uns|mnow nf |ah

h`sb} tnnlho gnow|sxg|mno" ns |ah} j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} lh*

uholho| lsnuw nf t`|hs/

Lmwunwm|mno nf |ah \smdb}uaw mo |ah Fsmh{h/ M| mw mo|hshw|mod |n

|ìh wnjh `ggnxo| nf |ah jòohs mo tamga |ahwh |smdb}uaw `sh ub`ghl

mo |ah fsmh{h/ Dhohs`bb} |ah} nggxs `cnvh h`ga gnbxjo òl mo |ah

jmllbh nf |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow whh Fmd/ 81 òl Ub`|h QQQ*

V- 9

cx| mo `bb Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh |ahsh mw òhqghu|mno

mo |ahmsub`gmod

no |ah òdbh nf |ah cxmblmod" tahsh |ah} `sh csnxda| nx| |n |ah hq|shjh

hldh" wn |a`| |ah shwuhg|mvh gnsohs |smdb}uawno |ah |tn wmlhw gnjh

|ndh|ahs ns jm|hs" no |ah òdbh" wantmod noh gnjubh|h |smdb}ua no

h`ga wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod" cx| cn|a unwwhwwmod |ah gnsohs a`bf*gaòohb

mo gnjjno/ Hqghu| no |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod" `w wanto mo Ub`|h

QQQVMMM" |ah |smdb}uaw nggxs lmshg|b}nvhs |ah gho|hs bmoh nf |ah gnb*




xjow ns nvhs |ah wu`ghw choh`|a" `w tmbb ch wanto jnsh hq`g|b} mo

|ìmod xu |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/ @w ` shwxb| nf

ub`gmod |ah gnsohs |smdb}ua" on| nvhs |ah jmllbh nf |ah gnbxjo cx| no|ah hq|shjh òdbh nf |ah fsmh{h" |ah ohq| |smdb}ua lnhw on| nggxs nvhs

|ah gho|hs nf |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh |tn gnbxjow" cx| mw ub`ghl

hpx`bb} lmw|ò| ch|thho |ah |tn ohmdacnsmod |smdb}uaw/\amw lmwun*

wm|mno" mf |ah wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow chbnt shj`mow |ah w`jh" ohghww`smb}

dmvhw |ah |tn b`w| jh|nuhw ` lmjhowmno lmffhsho| fsnj |ah n|ahsw/ Cx|"

c} wbmda|b} `b|hsmod |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah gnbxjow |a`| nggxs no

|ah

òdbh

nf |ahcxmblmod"

òljìmod

|ahj ` bm||bh oh`shs|ndh|ahs

|aò |anwh no |ah shw| nf |ah gnbnoo`lh" |ah mohpx`bm|} gò ch wn lmw*

|smcx|hl |a`| m| tmbb on| ch ncwhsvhl/ \ah gnbxjo `| |ah òdbh mw wnjh*

|mjhw ah`vmhs òl jnsh w|snodb} mogbmohl |nt`sl |ah mo|hsmns nf |ah

cxmblmod mo nslhs |n `wwmw| mo sholhsmod |ahwh msshdxb`sm|mhw bhww ùu`sho|"

òl `bwn mo u`s| |n gnofnsj tm|a |ah b`tw nf ngxb`sw|`cmbm|}

òl wn

jìh ` ch||hs hffhg| xuno |ah h}h/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw"

`bt`}w wpx`sh" mw g`bbhl |ah Jh|nuh" òl mo jò} nf |ah Dshhi |hjubhw

t`w lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh mo shbmhf" tanwh hq|shjh f`gh t`w oh`sb}

mo ubòh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah fsmh{h/

\ah ub`gmod nf |ah |smdb}uaw lmshg|b}no |ah gnsohs" òl |ah shghww*

mod nf |ah jh|nuh f`ghw mo nslhs |n a`vh |ah |smdb}ua f`gh mo ubòh tm|a

|ah `sgam|s`vh f`gh" `sh |tn lmw|mog|mvh gxw|njw nf Dshhi xw`dh |a`|

`sh `| v`smògh tm|a |ah b`|hs Snjò hq`jubhw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9

`b|anxda |ahsh mw on u`s`bbhb g`wh" wn f`s `w |ah gnsohs |sh`|jho| mw

gnoghsohl" mo sh`b Snjò tnsi/Gnsomgh/ @cnvh |ahwh |smdb}uaw òl jh|nuhw" òl cshìmod

`snxol |ahj" sxow ` wj`bb còl òl ` fmbbh|" `cnvh tamga nggxsw |ah

shw| nf |ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh" gnjunwhl nf |tn u`s|w" ` chl*jnxbl òl

gnsno`" |ah usmogmu`b noh chmod |ah gnsno`" whsvmod" `w th a`vh `bsh`l}

w`ml" |n |asnt |ah t`|hs |a`| f`bbw xuno |ah snnf |n ` ghs|`mo lmw|ògh

fsnj |ah fnn| nf |ah hlmfmgh/ \amw gnsno` tamga" chg`xwh nf m|w xwh"

mw |ah jnw| hwwho|m`b jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh mw `w|snodb} usnkhg|mod

u`s|" òl mw `ggnjuòmhl no m|w xolhs wmlh c} ` whsmhw nf mogbmohl

jx|xbhw nf |ah w`jh tml|a `w |ah |smdb}uaw/ \ahwh jx|xbhw `sh ub`ghl

lmshg|b}nvhs h`ga |smdb}ua" òl a`vh mo |xso dx||wh dhohs`bb} hmda|hho

mo oxjchs `ssòdhl mo |ashh sntw nf wmq dx||wh h`ga lhuholmod fsnj

|ahms wnffm|w" |ah dx||wh chmod mov`sm`cb} snxol mo ubò òl gnju`s`|mvhb}

wa`bbnt mo lhu|a/ Ngg`wmno`bb}|ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh jx|xbhw òl




nvhs |ah jh|nuh mw bhf|ub`mo" ns m| mw wnjh|mjhw uòhbhl" tambh mo n|ahs

g`whw òn|ahs jx|xbh mw mowhs|hl

lmshg|b}

nvhs |ah gho|hs nf |ah

jh|nuhchbnt/ Ngg`wmno`bb}" |anxda jnsh

s`shb}"|ahsh `sh mow|òghw tahsh

|ah dx||wh òl shdxb` chbnt |ah |whom` `sh `bwn ub`ghl choh`|a |amw

mo|hsunb`|hl jx|xbh òl chbnt |ah ub`mo wu`gh nf |ah jh|nuh/ Mo |ah

hq`jubh nf |ah Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM" |ahwh jx|xbhw `sh

wanto tm|a hmda|hho dx||wh" `w j`} ch whho mo |ah wj`bb ubò nf |ah

wnffm| ls`to `| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo/ \ah jx|xbhw |ahjwhbvhw mo

Dshhi tnsi `sh dhohs`bb} wbnumod/ \ah ubò nf |amw gnsomgh wnffm| `bwn

wantw |ah |sh`|jho| no |ah gnsohs òdbh" tahsh |ah wpx`sh wu`gh bhf|

ch|thho |ah |tn jx|xbhw mw g`svhl" dhohs`bb} `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto

mo |amw hq`jubh/

\ah gnsno` mw wxsjnxo|hl c} ` whu`s`|mod jnxblmod |a`| mw fnxol

`d`mo `gsnww |ah uhlmjho|9 tambh gsntomod `bb mw |ah dx||hs" |ah f`gh

nf tamga dhohs`bb} fnsjw |ah g}j` nf |ah gnsomgh9 òl |amw hq|hsmns

f`gh mw nf|ho|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a |ah ah`lw nf bmnow" fsnj tanwh nuho

jnx|aw wunx|w |ah t`|hs hwgùmod fsnj |ah snnf/ \ah g}j` mw sh*

uh`|hl no |ah wbnumod gnsomghw nf |ah uhlmjho|" cx| |ah bmnow$ ah`lw"

a`vmod onx|mbm|}"

`sh ahsh njm||hl/

\ah jnxblmodw nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs `sh ohvhs dmvho wgxbu|xshl

nso`jho|w/

DSHHI JNXBLMODW

\ah v`smnxw lmvmwmnow nf ò Nslhs `sh `lnsohl tm|a jnxblmodw

usnkhg|mod ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah u`s|w |n tamga |ah} `sh ùubmhl/

\ah} v`s} wnjhta`| mo waùh" nso`jho|`|mno" òl oxjchs" mo |ah

lmffhsho| Nslhsw/ \ahsh mw jnsh lmffhshogh mo |amw u`s|mgxb`s ch|thho

|ah Lnsmg òl Mnomg Nslhsw" |aò ch|thho |ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò/

\ah usmogmu`b Dshhi jnxblmodw `sh mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ <6" òl

tmbb ont ch lhwgsmchl/ \ahfmbbh| ns

bmw|hb"` o`ssnt fb`|

jnxblmod@-" mw whblnj xwhl `bnoh" òl dhohs`bb} tm|a ` b`sdhs jnxblmod/

Taho |ah fmbbh| csn`lhow nx|" m| chgnjhw ` f`wgm`" ` o`jh jnsh usnu*

hsb} ùubmhl |n |ah whvhs`b ub`mo f`ghw gnjusmwmod |ah `sgam|s`vh M-/

\ah `w|s`d`b G- mw |ah o`jh nf ` wj`bb jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh

mw ` a`bf*gmsgbh/ @ b`sdh `w|s`d`b mw g`bbhl ` |nsxw N-/ Mo nslmo`s}

xwh |ah ah`v} jnxblmod `| |ah c`wh nf ò Mnomg ns Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo

mw ` |nsxw" tambh |ah bmda| jnxblmod whu`s`|mod |ah wa`f| fsnj |ah ohgi*|ah




Hgamoxw H- mw |ah o`jh_f ` jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh mw wnjhta`|

bmih |ah whdjho| nf òhbbmuwh/

Mo Snjò tnsi |ah hgamoxw mw lhc`whl

|n ` px`s|hs*snxol I- mo whg|mno" ls`to tm|a ò hq`g| px`s|hs*gmsgbh/

\ah gnvh L- mw ` gnog`vh jnxblmod tanwhusnfmbh mw |ah `sg nf `

gmsgbh ns nf òhbbmuwh/

\ah wgn|m` B- mw ` gnog`vh jnxblmod tanwh nx|bmoh mw ` gnvh/

\amw jnxblmod mw dhohs`bb} xwhl ch|thho |tn |nsxwhw `| |ah c`wh nf

|ah gnbxjo/

\ah g}j` F- a`w ò nx|bmoh gnjunwhl nf ` ggog`vh `cnvh òl `

gnovhq chbnt9 m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w gnjunxolhl nf ` gnvh òl `

px`s|hs*snxol/

\ah ndhh C- mw |ah shvhswh nf |ah g}j`" gnovhq `cnvh òl

gnog`vh chbnt ns" `w m| thsh" ` px`s|hs*snxol `cnvh ` gnvh/

\ah gnsno` D- mw |ah |hsj ùubmhl |n |ah xuuhs usnkhg|mod u`s|

nf ` gnsomgh" ch|thho |ah gsntomod jnxblmod ns g}j` òl |ah bnths

hldh ns wnffm| nf |ah usnkhg|mno 9m|w usmogmu`b uxsunwh mw |n wahl s`mo

t`|hs ch}nol |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb/ \ah xolhswmlh nf ` gnsno` mw

|hsjhl |ah wnffm| A-/

@ ga`s`g|hsmw|mg Dshhi whg|mno mw |a`| wanto `| J |ah chì:

jnxblmod wn*g`bbhl tahsh |ah jhjchs mw lhhub} xolhsgx| fns |ah

uxsunwh nf fnsjmod `lsmu/

Jx|xbhw òl|smdb}uaw" lmw|mog|mvh u`s|w nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs

nob}"

tmbb ch lhfmohl jnsh |ansnxdab} b`|hs no taho lmwgxwwmod |a`| Nslhs/

@bb |ahwh jnxblmodw j`} ch molhfmom|hb} v`smhl |n wxm| |ahms bng`|mno

òl uxsunwh/ \ah} j`} a`vh jnsh ns bhww wa`suohww nf nx|bmoh" jnsh

ns bhww usnkhg|mno" òl mov`sm`cb} lhsmvh |ahms hffhg| wnbhb}fsnj |ah

ub`} nf bmda|òl wa`lh xuno |ahms wxsf`ghw/ \ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b

ga`s`g|hs mw lh|hsjmohl hvho jnsh c} |ah shfmohjho|" |aò c} |ah

wa`suohww ns fb`|ohww" nf |ahms nx|bmoh/ C} gnjcmo`|mno mo lmffhsho|

dsnxuw" th nc|`mo ` cnl} nf jnxblmodw tanwh nx|bmoh tmbb a`vh `

ga`s`g|hs

lhuholmod

no |ah

dsh`|hs

ns bhww

usnkhg|mno

nf |ah lmffhsho|

jhjchsw xwhl mo |ah gnjunwm|mno/ Wa`su nx|bmohw shwxb| fsnj j`sihl

usnkhg|mnow9cbxo| nx|bmohw" fsnj wbmda| usnkhg|mnow9 òl #bmju# nx|*

bmohw `sh |ah shwxb| nf ` gnjunwm|mno mo tamga `bb |ah jnxblmodw `sh

nf hpx`b mjuns|ògh/ @ggnslmodb}" mo `sgam|hg|xs`b lhwmdo" |ah w|xl}

nfusnfmbh

tm|a shd`sl |n |ah `g|mno nf bmda| òl wa`lh `gsnww m|w wxsf`gh

mw nf |ah x|jnw| mjuns|ògh9 òl |ah xwh nf jnxblmodw mw fxs|ahs gnj*



UB@\H QQQMQ/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bbwm{h

nf Uns|fnbmnUb`|h

QQQMQ/-



003 W\XL] NU \AH NSLHSW

\ahwh jnxblmodw `sh nf ` fmohohww |a`| shpxmshw |ahms hqhgx|mno

mo |ah fmohw| j`|hsm`bw" mo tamga `bnoh |ah} gò ch gx| tm|a ò} lhdshh

nf shfmohjho| òl |sx|a/ \amw gx||mod" |nn" shpxmshw ` wimbb òl g`sh

no |ah u`s| nf |ah tnsijò |a`| j`} ch `||`mohl |n*l`} nob} xolhs |ah

jnw| hqghu|mno`b gnolm|mnow òl `| dsh`| usnuns|mno`b hquhowh/ H`ga*

cm| nf lh|`mb ns jnxblmod wanxbl ch usnlxghl tm|a |ah x|jnw| hq`g|m*

|xlh fsnj wnjh g`shfxb w|xl} nf |ah nsmdmo`b Dshhi fnsj/ \ah bh`w|

ahwm|`|mno mo |nxga ns g`shbhwwohww mo aòlbmod jxw| shwxb| mo ` lhfmom|h

cbhjmwa/

Lhgns`|mno nf Jnxblmodw/ M| tmbb `bt`}w ch on|hl |a`| ghs|`mo

jnxblmodw chwuhì ghs|`mo lhfmom|h òl ga`s`g|hsmw|mg g`svhl ns u`mo|hl

nso`jho|w/ Mo Ub`|h QB `sh wanto wnjh Dshhi jnxblmodw tm|a |ah

usnuhs `ggnjuò}mod nso`jho|w tamga |ah Dshhi wgxbu|nsw lhvmwhl

|n hosmga òl mogsh`wh |ah hffhg| nf |ah lmffhsho| jnxblmod whg|mnow/

\ah fm|ohww nf |ah nso`jho| |n hjua`wm{h mo `bb g`whw |ah gno|nxs nf |ah

jnxblmod whg|mno" wanxbl ch hwuhgm`bb} on|mghl/ M| lnhw on| gnofxwh

òl amlh |ah

jhjchs`w ` tanbh `| |ah

hquhowhnf |ah wa`lnt hffhg|

tamga m|w gno|nxs mw lhwmdohl |n usnlxgh" `w mw nf|ho |ah g`wh mo b`|hs

Snjò tnsi9 cx| mo h`ga mow|ògh |ah ub`gmod nf wa`lnt no |ah g`svhl

jhjchs ahbuw |n `ggho| òl mogsh`wh" fns |ahwuhg|`|ns" |ah nx|bmoh

hffhg| nf |ah gnjubh|h jnxblmod/

@| I" B òl O `sh wanto v`smnxw jnlmfmg`|mnow nf |ah thbb*ionto

Dshhi fsh|" ns còl nso`jho|/ \amw nso`jho| mw xwhl mo ` dsh`|

v`smh|}

nf fnsjw" òl" `w

hjubn}hl c}

|ah Dshhiw

xuno ub`mowxsf`ghw"

jxw| ch gnowmlhshl |ah jnw|uhsfhg|

lhgns`|mno |a`| a`w hvhs chho

hvnbvhl fsnj |ah xwh nf ` dhnjh|smg`b fmdxsh gnjunwhl wnbhb} nf smda|*

òdbhl bmohw/

\ah dxmbbngah" ns tnvho:còl jnxblmod" wanto `| N" `w thbb `w

|ah wmjubhs fnsj `| J" `bwn hjcnlmhw ` lmw|mog|mvh Dshhi jh|anl nf

hosmgamod ` fb`| nswbmda|b}

gxsvhl còl" tambh |ah w`jh lhwmdo mw fsh*

pxho|b} hjubn}hl no |ah |nsxw jnxblmod G-/

\ah wn*g`bbhl sxoomod lnd ns Vm|sxvmò t`vh jnxblmod wanto

nvhs |ah dxmbbngah `| J" mw `bwn ` |}umg`b Dshhi lhgns`|mvh nso`jho|"

òl mw xwhl mo jxga |ah w`jh jòhs `w mw |ah fsh|/ @| U òl P `sh

wanto |tn uns|mnow nf |ah u`bjh||h ns anoh}wxgibh òl ìsn|hs

nso`jho|" gnowmw|mod nf |tn `b|hso`|mod ubò| fnsjw gnoohg|hl c}

wgsnbbw/ \ahwh hq`jubhw `sh |ìho fsnj |ah umb`w|hs òl gnbxjo



NSO@OHO\HL*JNVBLMODW

UB@\H QB/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QM+-



|




fsmh{hw nf |ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow/ \amw lhwmdo mw fshpxho|b} xwhl

no ` gsntomod g}j` jnxblmod nf b`sdh wm{h C-/

\ah hdd:òl:l`s| jnxblmod M- mw ` wxgghwwmno nf shuh|m|mnow

nf fnsjw lhsmvhl fsnj |ah hdd òl |ah `ssnt" òl mw ` ga`s`g|hsmw|mg

lhgns`|mno nf |ah hgamoxw ns px`s|hs*snxol/

Ch`lw" ns shhbw òl ch`lw`b|hso`|mod wmodb} ns mo dsnxuw" `sh

|ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nso`jho| nf |ah `w|s`d`b @" G" L-/

\ah bh`f:òl:l`s| D" K" t`|hs ubò| òl `ssntw- mwùubmhl

|n |ah ndhh/

MNOMG NSLHS

Nsmdmo nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ Vhs} unwwmcb}" `| `cnx| |ah w`jh

|mjh `w |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo t`w wbntb} lhvhbnumod fsnj |ah sngi*gx|

umhs"|ah xwh nf |shh |sxoiw fns wxuuns| a`l wxddhw|hl ` gmsgxb`s

|ùhsmod

fnsj nf ` gnbxjo |n |anwh o`|mnow tan hshg|hl |ahms cxmblmodw nf tnnl/

M| mw vhs} bmihb}|a`| |ah h`sb} gnbxjow thsh fmsw| xwhl `w ` fnsj nf

o`|xsh tnswamu" mo tamga g`wh |ahms lhsmv`|mno fsnj |ah |shhw tnxbl

vhs} o`|xs`bb} g`xwh |ahj |n ch hjubn}hl u`s|mgxb`sb} mo |hjubhw/

Th iont |a`| noh fnsj nf Hd}u|mò gnbxjo t`w jnlhbhlgbnwhb}

xuno |ah u`bj |shh/ Th a`vh `bsh`l} whho mo Hd}u| |ah chdmoomodw nf

|ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" òl th wa`bb wnno fmol mo |ah Gnsmo|amò òn|ahs

fnsj |a`| j`} a`vh chho hm|ahs cnssnthl fsnj ns wxddhw|hl c} Hd}u*

|mò ushghlho|/ Wn m| mw |a`|" fns |ah nsmdmo`b nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs" th

jxw| dn c`gi |n |ah |shh" kxw| `w th a`vh |n |ah sngi*gx| umhs fns |ah

Lnsmg/ Hvhs}|amod unmo|w |n |amw |ah bmda|ohww òl ds`gh nf |ah

gnbxjo m|whbf9 m|w ho|`wmw" tamga oh`sb} ùusnqmj`|hw |ah o`|xs`b

lmjmox|mno nf |ah |sxoi nf |ah dsntmod |shh9 `w thbb `w |ah wmjubh

ho|`cb`|xsh nf jnxblhl jhjchsw" `bb sxoomod ansm{no|`bb} òl `|

smda| òdbhw |n |ah uhsuholmgxb`s bmohw nf |ah gnbxjo/ \amw Nslhs mw

`w hvmlho|b} lhvhbnuhl fsnj |ah tnnlho cxmblmodw nf |ah ub`mow `w |ah

h`sbmhs Nslhs t`w fsnj |ah sngi g`vhw nf |ah ambbw9 òl" mo `lù|mod m|

|n xwh mo w|noh" jxga nf m|w ga`s`g|hs t`wushwhsvhl/

Hwwho|m`b Lmffhshoghw ch|thho Mnomg òl Lnsmg Nslhsw/ \ah

Mnomg Nslhs chmod ` b`|hs dsnt|a |aò |ah Lnsmg" mw jxga jnsh dho*

hs`bb} ds`ghfxb mo m|w usnuns|mnow" òl hvho |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw ln on|

want |ah gbxjw} usnghwwhw nf dsnt|a |n |ah hq|ho| |a`| th a`vh fnxol

mo |ah w|xl} nf |ah ushghlmod Nslhs/ Hm|ahs |ahwh hq`jubhw a`vh chho

lhw|sn}hl" ns" ta`| mw pxm|h `wbmihb}"

|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w `lù|hl |ahms




hquhsmhoghmo lhvhbnumod |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" lmshg|b} |n |amw jnsh lhbm*

g`|h fnsj/ @| ò} s`|h" th fmol |a`| `bb |ah hq`jubhw shj`momod mo

Dshhgh j`} `bjnw| ch gnowmlhshl `w uhsfhg| |}uhw/ \ah dsh`|hw|

oxjchs nf hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs `sh fnxol mo @wm` Jmons" òl

`sh dhohs`bb} nf bhww v`bxh òl nf ` b`|hs l`|h/

\ah jnw| j`sihl gaòdh |n ch on|mghl mw |a`| hvmlhoghl mo |ah

ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf" tahsh th fmol |a`| `bb |ah nso`jho|w mo |ah fsmh{h

òl wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh" tamga ga`s`g|hsm{h wn lmw|mog|b} |ah Dshhi

Lnsmg Nslhs" a`vh chho lnoh `t`} tm|a" òl |a`| cn|a wu`ghw `sh ont

bhf|

ub`mo/

\ah ho|msh ho|`cb`|xsh ont gnowmw|w nf

wmjubh"ansm{no|`b

jnxblmodw wxga `w tnxbl ch jnw| ùusnusm`|h |n |ah o`|xsh nf tnnl/

\amw ho|`cb`|xsh mw `cnx| |ah w`jh usnuns|mno mo shb`|mno |n m|w gnbxjo

lm`jh|hs `w mw |ah Lnsmg" chmod |tn lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|/ \ah gnbxjo

chmod amdahs |aò |ah Lnsmg" m|w hffhg| mw" nf gnxswh" jxga bmda|hs òl

jnsh ds`ghfxb" \ah `sgam|s`vh mw vhs} amda òl nf|ho ho|mshb} ub`mo"

tambh |ah gnsomgh mw bnt mo ahmda|/ \amw |asntw |ah fsmh{h `cnvh |ah

unwm|mnom| nslmo`smb} nggxumhw mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh ` fh`|xsh `bwn

fnxol" mo f`g|" mo |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" `b|anxda tm|a ` lmffhsho|

hffhg|/

\ah ga`s`g|hsm{`|mno nf |ah fmsw| |tn Dshhi Nslhsw" `w dmvho c}

Vm|sxvmxw" mw wxddhw|mvh/ Mo wuhìmod nf |ah nsmdmo nf |ah Nslhsw" ah

w|`|hw |a`| |ah Lnsmg shusnlxghw |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah cnl} nf ` jò"

tambh |ah Mnomg `||hju|w |n hpx`b |ah ds`ghfxb usnuns|mnow nf ` tnjò"

òl wn ah dmvhw |ah ahmda| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw |n |ahwh Mnomg gnbxjow/

Fnbbntmod |ah w`jh `x|ans" |ah c`wh" tamga fmsw| ùuh`sw tm|a |ah

Mnomg gnbxjo" shushwho|w |ah lsùhs} nf |ahtnjò$w bnod dnto d`|ahshl

`snxol |ah fhh|9 òl |n fxs|ahs fnbbnt nx| wxga ` fòg} |ah vnbx|hw

nf |ah gùm|`b j`} wxddhw| wnjh jh|anlw nf lnmod xu |ah a`ms" tambh

|ah gaòohbw nf |ah wa`f| j`} |}umf} |ah bnod" aòdmod fnblw nf |ah

tnjò$w d`sjho|w/

\ah numomno nf Vm|sxvmxw mw shusnlxghl ahsh" jnsh fns m|w v`bxh

mo

w|snodb} lhj`simod|ah lmffhshogh mo ga`s`g|hs |a`|

`g|x`bb}

hqmw|w

ch|thho |ahwh |tn Nslhsw/ \ah Lnsmg Nslhs mw |ah o`|mno`b Nslhs nf

|ah Lnsmg s`gh w|snod" vmdnsnxw" òl `xw|hsh9 mo m|w wmjubmgm|} nf

lh|`mb" mo m|w b`gi nf lhgns`|mno òl wgxbu|xshl jnxblmod" m| hqushwwhw

on| wn jxga ch`x|}" `w vmdns" mo `bb |ah fxbb" sncxw| uhsfhg|mno nf Dshhi

jòannl/ No |ah gno|s`s}" |ah Mnomg Nslhs lmwub`}w jnsh nf shfmoh*

jho| òl hbhdògh9 |ah nso`jho|w `sh `bmih jnsh v`smhl òl nf




dsh`|hs smgaohww9 m| chgnjhw |ah o`|mno`b nslhs nf |ah bnomòw" òl `g*

pxmshwmo |ahms aòlw" mo Dshhgh mo |ah gho|xs} nf Uhsmgbhw" òl mo @wm`

tm|a Uamlm`w" |ah amdahw| lhdshh nf ds`gh òl uhsfhg|mno/

M| mw wmjubhs" anthvhs" |n shjhjchs |a`| tambh |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo

shushwho|w |ah |sh`|jho| nf ` w|noh fnsj nsumhs"

|ah Mnomg" ` bmda|hs

lhvhbnujho|" t`w jnshlmshg|b} mowumshl c} |ah |shhw òl h`sb} snxol

tnnlho wa`f|w" òl t`w fmsw| shusnlxghl mo w|noh `| ` uhsmnl taho |ah

tnsijho a`l `gpxmshl wxffmgmho| wimbb mo tnsimod a`slhs j`|hsm`bw |n

ushwhsvh wnjh|amod nf |ah ds`gh òl bmda|ohww nf |ah nsmdmo`b/

Lhwgsmu|mno nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs" òl V`smnxw Hq`jubhw/ \ahDshhi Mnomg Nslhs mw wxuunwhl c} wnjh |n a`vh gnjh fsnj |ah H`w|"

mo |ah vmgmom|}nf @ww}sm` òl Uhswm`/ Wnjh `x|ansm|mhw gb`mj |a`| m|

t`w xwhl mo m|w ushwho| fnsj fmsw| mo |ah mwbòl nf Mnom`" tahogh m|w

o`jh/ \ah gnbxjo a`w ` c`wh" òl ` gù tm|a ga`s`g|hsmw|mg wums`b*

waùhl nso`jho|w/ \ah gnbxjo mw hmda| ns omoh |mjhw m|w lm`jh|hs"

mo ahmda|" tm|a" `w ` sxbh" 3< fbx|modw/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh gnowmw|w nf |ah

`sgam|s`vh" tamga a`w |ashh f`wgm`w òl ` gsntomod jhjchs9 |ah fsmh{h"

ub`mons wnjh|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a ` gno|moxnxw wgxbu|xshl c`w*shbmhf9

òl |ah gnsomgh" a`vmod ò nvhsaòdmod gnsno` òl chl*jnxblmodw"

tm|a wnjh|mjhw ` lho|mb gnxswh ns hdd*òl*|nodxh jnxblmodw/

\ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow mw |ah chw| ionto hq`jubh nf |amw

Nslhs" n|ahsw chmod |ah mo|hsmns gnbxjow nf |ah Usnu}bwh`" |ah \hjubh

nf Lmò` `| Huahwxw" òl |ah J`xwnbhxj nf A`bmg`so`wwxw/

\ah Mnomg Nslhs t`w ùu`sho|b} xwhl fns |ah fmsw| |mjh no |ah

@s|hjmwmò \hjubh nf Lmò` ns @s|hjmw- `| Huahwxw" gnow|sxg|hl

`cnx| 815 C/G/ Mo |ah fmf|a gho|xs} |amw csmbbmò| Nslhs t`w xwhl tm|a

jxga wxgghww mo |ah Usnu}bwh` `| @|ahow" tahsh m| mw hjubn}hl `bnod

tm|a |ah Lnsmg" mo |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf |ah Omih @u|hsnw" ns Tmod*

bhww Vmg|ns}9 òl mo |ah Hshga|ahxj/

\ah fnxs|a gho|xs} C/ G/ mw" fns |ah Mnomgw|}bh"

`bwn ` csmbbmò|

uhsmnl" |anxda m| mw on bnodhs mo Dshhgh cx| mo @wm` Jmons |a`| th

wa`bb fmol |ah chw| j`|hsm`b fns w|xl}/ \ahshmw

|ah wxuhsc \njc òl|ah \hjubh `| Usmhoh" òl |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Lml}jwhxw9 tambh

Unbnomnw nf Huahwxw òl Lùaomw nf Jmbh|xw nf|ho hjubn}hl |ah

Mnomg Nslhs tm|a |ah jnw| gnowxjj`|h `s|/

Mo jnw| nf |ah |hjubhw nf @wm` Jmons" |ahsh hqmw|w ch|thho |ah

gnsno` òl |ah fsmh{h ` snt nf lho|mbw xwhl mo jxga |ah w`jh jòohs

`w no |ah Unsga nf |ah G`s}`|mlhw no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow/




Ahmda| nf Wa`f|/ Mo |ah Dshhi Mnomg cxmblmodw nf tamga th

unwwhww lhfmom|h shj`mow" |ah gnbxjow v`s} mo ahmda| ch|thho ` bm||bh

jnsh |aò hmda| òl ` bm||bh bhww |aò omoh lm`jh|hsw/ \ah jh`wxsh*

jho| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw òl noh*a`bf" tamga Vm|sxvmxw dmvhw |n |ah

Mnomg gnbxjo" j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w gnjmod mo |ah hq`g| jmllbh

ch|thho |ahwh |tn hq|shjhw9 `b|anxda b`|hs `x|ansm|mhw fns |ah w`jh

sh`wno `w `bsh`l} dmvho shd`slmod |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo ushfhs |n |ìh

|ah amdahw| lmjhowmno `w ` w|òl`sl fns jnlhso uxsunwhw/ \ah

lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah |nu nf |ah wa`f| v`smhw fsnj hmda| |n

hmda|òl noh*a`bf |ho|aw nf m|w lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh/ \axw th whh

|a`| |amw gnbxjo a`w `| nogh ` amdahs" jnsh wbholhs" òl jnsh ds`ghfxb

wa`f| |aò |ah Lnsmg" òl |a`| |ahsh mw `bwn bhww lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah

lm`jh|hs `| |ah c`wh òl ohgi |aò mo |ah wans|hs òl w|xjumhs Lnsmg

wa`f|/ No |ah Hshga|ahxj" nf tamga th a`vh dmvho ` ls`tmod mo

Ub`|h QBMV" |ah ahmda| mw ` bm||bh bhww |aò omoh lm`jh|hsw/ \ah

gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Lml}jwhxw `sh ` bm||bh jnsh |aò

|ho9cx| |anwh nf @|aho` `| Usmhoh `sh ùusnqmj`|hb} omoh lm`jh|hsw"

òl |ah \hjubh nf Ahs` `| W`jnw hmda| lm`jh|hsw òl noh*a`bf9

tambh no |ah bm||bh \hjubh nf @s|hjmw oh`s |ah còi nf |ah Mbmwwxw"

|ah gnbxjo `ggnslmod |n W|ht`s|" tan a`w shgnow|sxg|hl m| a`w `

ahmda| nf hmda| lm`jh|hsw òl noh*fnxs|a/

\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo a`w `bwn jxga bhww |ùhs |aò ò} nf |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg wa`f|w" tambh m| mw on|`cbh mo `| bh`w| noh mow|ògh |a`|

nf |ah Ons|a Unsga nf |ah Hshga|ahxj" ns" jnsh usnuhsb}" |ah Uns|mgn

|n |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w |a`| |ah Mnomg gnbxjow a`vh `wthbb ns

chbb}nf

4*7*_ |ahms lm`jh|hs/

Ho|`wmw/ \ah |ùhs no |ahwh gnbxjow mw jxga bhww `ggho|x`|hl

|aò no |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ Th fmol |a`| |ah b`sdhs lm`jh|hs" mo |ah

jmllbh" mw noh*whvho|a jnsh |aò |ah wj`bbhs lm`jh|hs/ No |ah

Hshga|ahxj |amw lmjmox|mno mw nf noh*|thbf|a9no |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn

Lml}jwhxw" m| mw noh*hmda|a9 òl no |ah bm||bh \hjubhno |ah Mbmwwxw" m| mw

noh*whvho|a/ @o ho|`wmw ns

gxsvmod

gno|nxs nf |ah wa`f| hqmw|w mo `

vhs} lhbmg`|h òl wxc|bh fnsj mo |ah Mnomg Nslhs/

Fbx|modw/ Ohq| |n m|w usnuns|mnow" |ah lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf

|ah wa`f| nf |amw Nslhs mw |ah s`lmg`bb}lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hs nf fbx|mod

tamga mw mov`sm`cb} xwhl tahohvhs |ah gnbxjo nf |amw Nslhs mw wn nso`*

jho|hl/ Tambh mo |ah hq`jubhw nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg tnsi m| mw fnxol

|a`| |ah b`|hs gnbxjow `sh `bjnw| mov`sm`cb} fbx|hl" òl m| mw nob} |ah



UB@\H QBM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBM/-



W\XL] NF \AH /NSLHSW 004

h`sbmhs hq`jubhw tamga thsh ngg`wmno`bb} bhf| wjnn|a òl ub`mo" tm|a

|ah mo|snlxg|mno nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo |ah pxhw|mno nffbx|mod |ah wa`f|

whhjw |n a`vh chho bhf| jnsh ns bhww |n |ah lmwgsh|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs/

\ahsh `sh b`|h mow|òghw tahsh |amw gnbxjo a`w chho bhf| ub`mo òl

xonso`jho|hl" pxm|h `w nf|ho `w h`sb} nohw mo tamga |ah fbx|mod fmsw|

uhgxbm`s |n |amw Nslhs mw xwhl/ \ahsh `sh dhohs`bb} |tho|}*fnxs gaò*

ohbw ns fbx|hw fnxs jnsh |aò mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs9 òl |ahms whg|mno mw

`w wanto mo Fmd/ 86" jxga lhhuhs òl ùusn`gamod ` a`bf*gmsgbh mo

nx|bmoh" tambh |ah gaòs/hbw `sh whu`s`|hl fsnj h`ga n|ahs c} ` smldh

ns#fmbbh|"#

ù`s|

nf |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f| m|whbf/ Th a`vh

`bsh`l} |s`ghl |ah usnc`cbh _^_

dsnt|a òl lhsmv`|mno nf |ahwh

gaòohbw mo Fmd/ <=/

C`whw" Mnomg òl @||mg/ \ah

Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò gnbxjow"

chmod bmda|hs"jnsh hb`cns`|h mo

|sh`|jho|" jnsh shfmohl mo usmo*

gmubh"òl dmvmod bhww nf ò hffhg|

nfw|`cmbm|}" whhjhl" xobmih |ah

h`sbmhs Lnsmg" |n shpxmsh ` c`wh

mo nslhs |n dmvh wnjh ùu`sho|

w|shod|a |n |ah gnbxjo `w ` wxu*

uns|mod jhjchs/ N|ahstmwh |ah

tmlh wu`gmod nf |ahwh gnbxjow"

òl/ |ah |amoohww nf |ahms wa`f|w"

tnxbl on| w`|mwf} |ah h}h nf |ah

chanblhs/ \ah c`wh" chwmlhw fxb*

fmbbmodm|w uxsunwh `w ò nso`jho|`b jhjchs" sholhsw m| ùu`sho|

|a`| ` b`sdhs ch`smod wxsf`gh mw dmvho |ah gnbxjo" òl |a`| |ah thmda|

m| g`ssmhw mw |axw lmw|smcx|hl nvhs ` b`sdhs `sh` nf wxuuns|/

@ c`wh nf |ah ahmda| nf noh jnlxbh" ns noh a`bf*lm`jh|hs" mw |ahsh*

fnsh

`bt`}wxwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo/ \ahsh `sh |tn wns|w nf c`whw"

h`wmb} lmw|modxmwahl c} |ah fnsj nf |ahms jnxblmodw ;

\ah Mnomg c`wh mw gnjunwhl nf ` ubmo|a wxuuns|mod |tn `w|s`d`bw"

òl |tn wgn|m`w `ggnjuò}mod |ahwh |tn `w|s`d`bw" tm|a fmbbh|w òl `

|nsxw jnxblmod/ Mo @wm` Jmons" |amw c`wh mw wxckhg|hl |n gnowmlhs`cbh

jnlmfmg`|mnow/

\ah @||mg c`wh mw jnsh wmjubh" òl mw gnjunwhl nf ` |nsxw

M

M MM M Jmbb

$Xxxxxmmv

Fmd/ 86/ / Mnomg Fbx|mod/

U`s| ubò òl hbhv`|mno/-



001 W\BKL]NF \AH NSLHSW

jnxblmod" ` wgn|m` tm|a |tn fmbbh|w" òl ` b`sdh |nsxw" |ah b`||hs shw|mod

lmshg|b} no |ah ub`|fnsj nsw|huw

`snxol |ah |hjubh" tm|anx| |ah

mo|hsvhomod wpx`sh ubmo|a @" Fmd/ 84-/

\ah c`wh tamga xwx`bb} ùuh`sw tm|a |amw nslhs mw nf |ah @||mg

v`smh|}"gmsgxb`s mo

ubò"òl tm|anx| ` wpx`sh ubmo|a `w mo b`|hs Snjò

xw`dh" tm|a |ah hqghu|mno nf noh |}uh" |a`| mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv`

Unbm`w `| Usmhoh/ Mo Fmd/ 84 `sh wanto |ah jnw| |}umg`b v`sm`|mnow nf

Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo c`whw/ \a`| `| @" |ìho fsnj |ah Hshga|ahxj

`| @|ahow" mw dhohs`bb} |hsjhl |ah #@||mg c`wh#" fsnj |ah f`g| |a`| m|

t`w jnw| amdab} lhvhbnuhl mo @|ahow òl |ah ohmdacnsmod uns|mnow nf

bNOMGNLBVJO*C@WHW

Fmd/ 84/ \}umg`b Dshhi Lnsmg C`whw/

|ah w|`|h nf @||mg`/ \amw c`wh mw wnjh|mjhw v`smhl c} jìmod |ah

bnths |nsxw vhs} wj`bb mo ahmda|" òl fb`||homod |ah wgn|m`" `w mo Ub`|h

QBMM9 cx| m| w|mbb sh|`mow |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf |ah @||mg c`wh/ \ah

c`wh `|C" Fmd/ 84"

mw |ahnob} mow|ògh

mo

Dshhi tnsi tahsh |ah} a`vhhjubn}hl tm|a |amw Nslhs ` ubmo|a* wpx`sh mo ubò òl shg|òdxb`s mo

hbhv`|mno/ \ah hq`jubh wanto `| G" Fmd/ 84" mw |ìho fsnj ` gnbxjo

`| W`jnw" òl mw ` wnjhta`| xoxwx`b fnsj/ @| Huahwxw |ahsh mw ò

hq`jubh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs tahsh |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo mw

hogmsgbhl c} ` l`ln g`svhl tm|a fmdxshw nf gnowmlhs`cbh shbmhf/ \ah

c`wh wanto `| L mw fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `| Uamd`bm`/




@WW]SM@O*

\amw |}uh" `w thbb `w |ah `ggnjuò}mod fnsj nfgùm|`b" Fmd/ 6<" mw

wnjhta`| hqghu|mno`bmo Dshhi tnsi/

\ah Vnbx|hw/ \ah w|snodhw| ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf |ah gnbxjo mw |ah

vnbx|hw tamga nso`jho| |ah gùm|`b/

V`smnxw |ahnsmhw a`vh chho wxddhw|hl

`w |n |ah lhsmv`|mno nf |ah lhgns`|mno nf

|ah #vnbx|h# f`gh ns snbb" ` lmw|modxmwamod

fh`|xsh nf |ah Mnomggùm|`b/

M| mw molx*

cm|`cbh |a`| |ah whsmhw nf bmohw hosnbbmod

|ahjwhbvhw mo|n ` wums`b fnsj" tamga ù*

uh`s xuno |ah usmogmu`b f`ghw nf |ah gù*

m|`b òl jìh xu |ah hol nf |ah snbbw"

t`w fns ` bnod |mjh ` f`vnsm|h jn|mvh

tm|a h`sb} uhnubhw" òl |a`| jò} hq`j*

ubhw`sh fnxol mo |ah tnsiw nf J}gho`hò

`s|9 |a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah vnbx|h vhs} oh`sb}

shusnlxghw |ah o`|xs`b fnsj nf ghs|`mo

wh`wahbbw9 òl |a`| |ah w`jh wums`bjn*

*|mvh t`w ionto òl hjubn}hl c} `b*

jnw| `bb usmjm|mvh gmvmbm{`|mnow/

\ah @ww}smòw" mo |ahms lhgns`|mvh

hjchbbmwajho| nf |ah wans| gsnww*c`s ns

tnnlho gù |a`| |ah} ub`ghl xuno |ahms

gnbxjow"wxgghhlhl mo

usnlxgmod` snbbhl*

xu lhgns`|mvh jhjchs |a`| j`} a`vh

vhs} sh`lmb} fnsjhl |ah wxddhw|mno fns |ah

Dshhi Mnomggùm|`b/ Whh Fmd/ 81/-

\ah jnsh ògmho| hq`jubhw nf |ah

Mnomg gùm|`b want |ah vnbx|h usnkhg|hl

mo wxga ò hq|shjh lhdshh |a`| m| whhjw

jnw| xobmihb} |a`| |amw lhgns`|mvh Nslhs

gnxbl a`vh chho lhvhbnuhl fsnj ò}|amod hbwh |aò ` tnnlho

usn|n|}uh" `w wxga ` fnsj" hqhgx|hl mo w|noh ns j`scbh" tnxbl

whhjmodb} ch cnxol |nwubm|

nff xolhs |ah bn`l nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/

\ah wih|ga mo Fmd9 8= wantw ant |amw fnsj nf gù j`} unwwmcb} a`vh

chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah H|sxwgò gxw|nj nf ub`gmod ` tnnlho gsnww*c`s

nvhs |ah tnnl gnbxjo" on| nob} |n |mh m| |ndh|ahs òl ushvho| m| fsnj

wubm||mod"cx| `bwn |n `wwmw| mo shlxgmod |ah tml|a nf |ah wuò ch|thho

G@UM\@B*Fmd/ 81/ Mnomg Gùm|`b `w

Wxddhw|hl mo @ww}smò

Tnsi/




wxuuns|w" `w thbb `w |n mogsh`wh |ah ch`smod `sh` nf |ah gnbxjo kxw|

`w |ah ansm{no|`b jnxblmodw nf |ah c`wh wxddhw| ` lnxcbh w|sxg|xs`b

uxsunwh mo cmolmod |ndh|ahs |ah cn||nj nf |ah lhbmg`|h wxuuns|" òl

csn`lhomod m|w ch`smod `sh`/ \ah usnkhg|mod u`s|w nf |amw wans| ch`j

tnxbl o`|xs`bb} ch |sh`|hl mo wnjh lhgns`|mvh jòohs" òl wn |ah

dhohs`b fnsj nf |ah Mnomg vnbx|h jmda| a`vh chho h`wmb} usnlxghl/

Cx| th jxw| `d`mo `bbnt |a`| mo m|w mo|snlxg|mno |n Dshhgh" |ah fnsj nf

|ah Mnomg gùm|`b t`w wn j`|hsm`bb} jnlmfmhl |a`| m| a`w bm||bh gbnwh

`ffmom|}tm|a |ah h`sbmhs J}ghowhò" @ww}smò" ns Uanhomgmò jn|mvhw/

\ah ùusnqmj`|h ahmda| nf |ah gùm|`b mw ` bm||bh bhww |aò noh

lm`jh|hs/

\ah ohq| usmogmu`b fh`|xsh

nf |amw Nslhs" òl |ah noh |a`|

sholhsw |ah gnbxjo lmw|mog|mvh mo

m|whbf" mw |a`| |ah gùm|`b a`w |tn/

whu`s`|h f`ghw noh mo ubòh tm|a

|ah fsmh{h `cnvh" wantmod |ah

vnbx|h9 tambh |ah n|ahs" `| smda|

òdbhw |n |amw" wantw |ah hol nf

|ah gùm|`bns snbb nf |ah vnbx|h"

`w j`} ch whho mo Fmdw/ 65 òl 60/

@w th a`vh w`ml" |ah gùm|`b

nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo a`w |tn usmo*

gmu`b f`ghw òl |tn b`|hs`b ns

wxcnslmo`|h nohw/ \ah usmogmu`b

f`ghw want |ah tmolmod*xu nf |ah

|tn vnbx|hw" ns |ah h}hw fnsjhl

c} |ah còl b`ml nvhs |ah jnxbl*

hl gùm|`b" tamga wxddhw|w mo fsno| hbhv`|mno ` gxwamno tm|a |tn

snbbw ns vnbx|hw" noh `| h`ga wmlh" tambh `| |ah hol ` wmodbh snbb

`bnoh mw whho/ \amw còl ns gxwamno gnjhw ch|thho |ah |xsohl

ns snxolhl gnbxjo òl |ah xuuhs jhjchs nf |ahgùm|`b" tamga

mw `bt`}w wpx`sh mo ubò Fmd/ 60-" òl m| mw nf |ah waùh nf |ah hgamoxw

jnxblmod mo uhsuholmgxb`s whg|mno" |ah b`||hs chmod wnjh|mjhw ub`mo

cx| jnsh dhohs`bb} g`svhl ns lhgns`|hl/ \ah wmlh wantmod |ah vnbx|h"

tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} g`bbhl |ah #f`gh"# mw `bt`}w mo |ah w`jh ubòh

`w |ah `sgam|s`vh òl fsmh{h nf |ah cxmblmod" òl f`gmod nx| |nt`sl |ah

wuhg|`|ns9 |ah nuunwm|h f`gh mw ushgmwhb} bmih m|/

Umd/ 8=/ Mnomg Gùm|`b `w Wxddhw|hl mo

H|sxwgò Tnsi/




@ssòdhjho| nf Vnbx|hw `| Gnsohsw nf Cxmblmodw/ \amw `ssòdh*

jho| mw

uhsfhg|b} `lù|`cbh|n `

bnodgnbnoo`lh9 cx| taho th sh`ga

|ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod" `lmffmgxb|}

`| nogh ushwho|w m|whbf/ No noh

wmlh ns |ah n|ahs |amw gùm|`b jxw| want ` snbb" tamga tnxbl on| `dshh

tm|a |ah gùm|`bw chwmlh m|/ \ah vnbx|h tamga lmw|modxmwahw |ah Mnomg

gùm|`b`bjnw| ushvho|w m|w xwh `| |ah òdbhw nf ` cxmblmod" mo`wjxga

Fmd/ 65/ Vmht Wantmod \tn F`ghw nf Mnomg Gùm|`b/

`w |ah usmogmu`bf`gh mw `bt`}w wanto mo ubòh tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh

`cnvh" òl" mo |xsomod |ah gnsohs `| smda| òdbhw" wnjh gaòdh mw ohg*

hww`s} mo nslhs |n csmod |ah |tn usmogmu`b f`ghw `| smda| òdbhw |n h`ga

n|ahs/ \ah Dshhiw movho|hl |tn jh|anlw nf nvhsgnjmod |amw lmffm*

gxb|}/ Mo Fmd/ 63 `sh wanto |tn ubòw nf Mnomggùm|`bw

fns xwh no |ah

gnsohsw nf cxmblmodw/ \ah fmsw| ò hqghu|mno`b noh mw |ìho fsnj




Mqth/

Fmd/ 60/ Mnomg Gnbxjo/

|ah \hjubh nf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `|

Uamd`bm`" tahsh `bb fnxs wmlhw `sh

`bmih" òl |ah vnbx|hw gnjmod |n*

dh|ahs no |ah òdbh `sh" moubò"

cnthl nx| no h`ga gnsohs wn `w |n

ch `bjnw| c`gi |n c`gi `| |ah hq*

|shjh òdbh/ \amw gùm|`b mw wanto

mo hbhv`|mno moFmd/ 6</ \ah n|ahs

òl jnsh xwx`b jh|anl t`w |n

ub`gh|ah |tn usmogmu`b f`ghw nf |ah nslm*

o`s} gùm|`b `| smda| òdbhw |n h`ga

n|ahs" |ah vnbx|hw no |ah nx|hs gnsohs

fnbbntmod |ah w`jh jh|anl mo |a`|

noh òdbh `w no |ah fnxs òdbhw nf

|ah gùm|`b kxw| lhwgsmchl" òl |ah

|tn vnbx|hw `| |ah n|ahs holw

chmodihu| mo ubòh tm|a |ah `sgam|s`vh

`cnvh/ \amw `bwn csmodw |ah |tn

snbbw ns b`|hs`b f`ghw `| smda| òdbhw |n

h`ga n|ahs" òl shpxmshw ` ghs|`mo

lmwbng`|mno nf |ahms hbhjho|w" tamga

j`} ch ch||hs whho mo Fmd/ 67"

tahsh |tngùm|`bw

fsnj |ah

\hjubhno |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow `sh wanto

wmlh c} wmlh" noh nf |ahwh chmod |a`|

no |ah gnsohs" òl |ah n|ahs |ah

nslmo`s} gùm|`bnf |ah gnbnoo`lh/

\ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw whhjhl |n

f`vns |amw b`||hs wnbx|mno" òl mo

jnw| mow|òghw

hjubn}hl

|amw wgahjh

no |ahgùm|`bw

`| |ah òdbhw nf |ahms

cxmblmodw/ Uhsaùw |amw t`w u`s|b}

chg`xwh m| `bbnthl |ahj |ah xwh nf

|ah lhgns`|hl Mnomg fnsj" |n tamga

|ah} thsh hwuhgm`bb} u`s|m`b/

\ah Ub`mo Mnomg Gùm|`b/ \ahsh

`sh |tn imolw nf gùm|`b xwhl tm|a

|ah @|ahomò Dshhi Mnomg Nslhsw"




noh ionto `w |ah ub`mo òl |ah n|ahs `w |ah lhgns`|hl ns nso`*

jho|hl gùm|`b/\ah |}uh nf |ah ub`mo gùm|`b

mw wanto mo Ub`|h

QBMM" `| ` b`sdh wm{h òl tm|a |ah ohghww`s} gnow|sxg|mvh jh`wxsh*

Fmd/ 63/ Hq`jubhw nf Lnsmg Gnsohs Gùm|`bw/ Whg|mno bnnimod xu/-

jho|w/ \amw hq`jubh t`w |ìho fsnj |ah fnxs*gnbxjohl unsga

nf |ah \hjubh nf Omih @u|hsnw" ns |ah Tmodbhww Vmg|ns}" no |ah

@gsnunbmw `| @|ahow" òl a`w chho wbmda|b} gaòdhl fsnj |ah

nsmdmo`b mo noh u`s|mgxb`s" c} ls`tmod mo |ah vnbx|h h}h nf |ah

Fmd/ \}umg`b Mnomg Gnsohs òl Shdxb`s Gùm|`bw/ Whg|mno bnnimod xu/-

gùm|`b wbmda|b} |nt`sl |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo fsnj h`ga wmlh" |axw

lnmod `t`} tm|a ` ghs|`mo `tit`slohww mo |ah hq|shjh usnkhg|mno

taho whho fsnj |ah fsno|- nf |ah vnbx|hw mo |ah nsmdmo`b/ \amw v`sm`*




|mno mw nob} nf |ashh u`s|w"cx| m| ch||hs fm|w |ah gùm|`b fns jnsh dhohs`b

xwh/ \ah v`smh|}nf |ah @||mg c`wh xwhl mo |amw hq`jubh" mw wanto no

|ah w`jh ub`|h/\ah snbb ns hol nf |ah vnbx|h" `w wanto mo |amw ub`|h"

mw hq|shjhb} wmjubh" hvho fns |amw ub`mo |}uh nfgùm|`b9

òl m| mw nf|ho

lhgns`|hl ns g`svhl tm|a wnjh wmjubh bh`f nso`jho|" `w mw wanto mo

Ub`|h QBVM òl Fmdw/ 68 òl 66/

\ah gnbxjo xwhl tm|a |ah ub`mo Dshhi Mnomg gùm|`b mw wans|hs mo

usnuns|mno |aò |ah hq`jubh xwhl tm|a |ah nso`jho|hl gùm|`b fsnj

|ah Hshga|ahxj/ Mo |ah \hjubh

no |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow" |ah gnb*

xjo mo |amw mow|ògh chmod nob}

`cnx| 0<_ fhh| amda" |ah fnsj nf

gùm|`b òl usnuns|mnomod nf gnb*

xjo jnsh oh`sb} ùusn`ga |ah

|}uh `f|hst`slw `lnu|hl `w lmw*

|mog|mvhb} Snjò/ N|ahs Dshhi

v`sm`|mnow nf ` wmjmb`s fnsj `sh

|anwh xwhl mo |ah \hjubh nf @unb*

bn Lml}jwhxw" oh`s Jmbh|xw" òl

|ah @pxhlxg| nf A`lsmò `| @|a*

how Fmd/ 68- 9òl mo |ah \hjubh

nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh" òl

|ah Mnomg gùm|`b fsnj @|ahow"

wanto |ndh|ahs mo |ah w`jh mbbxw*

|s`|mno Fmd/ 66-/ Mo |ahwh |tn

ub`|hw |ah xuuhs a`bf nf |ah ubò chbnodw" mo h`ga mow|ògh" |n |ah gù

wanto mo noh*a`bf fsno| òl noh*a`bf hol hbhv`|mno `cnvh m|/ tambh

|ah bnths a`bf nf |ah ubò chbnodw |n |ah gùm|`bwanto mo |ah w`jh

jòohs chbnt/

\ah Lhgns`|hl Mnomg Gùm|`b/ \ah /lhgns`|hl gùm|`b a`w" mo

`llm|mno |n |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod chbnt |ah còl fnsjmod |ah vnbx|hw

òl |sh`|hl tm|a ò hdd*òl*l`s|" ` fsmh{h ns ohgimod g`svhl tm|a `

anoh}wxgibh nso`jho|" whu`s`|mod |ah gùm|`b fsnj |ah fbx|hl wa`f|

nf |ah gnbxjo" òl lhfmohl `| |ah cn||nj c} ò `w|s`d`b jnxblmod/

\amw ohgimod mw hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl tm|a wnjh wxga nso`jho| `w |a`|

wanto no Ub`|h QBMMM" mo tamga |amw gùm|`bmw ls`to nx| `| ` b`sdh

wm{h tm|a gnow|sxg|mno`b fmdxshw/ \amw mw |ah gùm|`b fsnj |ah Uns|mgn

nf |ah\hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w" ns |ah Ons|a Unsga nf |ah Hshga|ahxj

$

Fmd/ 6</ Mnomg Gnbxjo fsnj \hjubhnf @unbbn Humgxsmxw `| Uamd`bm`/



UB@\H QBMMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBMMM -




`| @|ahow/ \amw unsga mw wanto `| ` b`sdh wm{h mo Ub`|h QBMV/ M| mw

|ahwh gnbxjow tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl `w wthbbmod nx| }_\

nf |ahms lm`jh|hs chfnsh |ùhsmod |n |ah ohgi/ \ah lnnst`} nf |amw

unsga mw ls`to nx| jnsh u`s|mgxb`sb} mo Fmdw/ 17 òl 1</

Mo |ah ls`tmod nf |amw gùm|`b mo Ub`|h QBMMM" m| tmbb ch on|mghl

Fmd/ 68/ \}umg`b Lhgns`|mnow nf

Mnomg Gùm|`b/

Fmd/ 66/ \}umg`b Lhgns`|mnow nf

Mnomg Gùm|`b/

|a`| |ah f`gh nf |ah vnbx|h mw jxga jnsh hb`cns`|hb} jnxblhl |aò |ah

wmjubhs hq`jubh wanto mo Ub`|h QBMM" òl a`w mo `llm|mno òho|mshb}

oht wh| nf jhjchsw mo |ah gho|hs nf m|w fb`||hohl wgn|m`" tambh `bb m|w

u`s|w `sh jnsh hb`cns`|hb} òl fmohb}gx|/ @o nso`jho|`b |nsxw" tamga

mw on| wanto mo n|ahs |}uhw nf Dshhi Mnomggùm|`bw" `bwn ùuh`sw `cnvh

|ah hdd*òl*l`s| òl chbnt |ah còl jnxblmod/ \ah wpx`sh `c`gxw




`cnvh |ah còl nf |amwgùm|`b mw mov`sm`cb} g`svhl mo |ah nso`jho|`b

|}uh" tambh mo |ah ub`mo gùm|`b m| mw wnjh|mjhw bhf| xo`lnsohl/ \amw

gùm|`b" tm|a ohgimod" wanxbl ch xwhl nob} tm|a ` |`bbhs òl jnsh

wbholhs wa`f| |aò |ah n|ahs |}uh shpxmshw/

\ah nso`jho|hl Mnomg gùm|`b j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnsh lmw*

|mog|mvhb} Dshhi" mo`wjxga `w |ah Snjòw" mo `lnu|mod |ah Mnomg gnb*

xjo òl m|wgùm|`b" fnbbnthl nx| jnsh

gbnwhb}|ah mlh` wanto mo |ah

wmjubhs |}uh" tambh |ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw a`vh usngb`mjhl |ahms

u`s|m`bm|}fns |ah jnsh lhgns`|hl fnsj c} xwmod m| mo |ah jnw| hb`cn*

s`|h wmodbh |hjubh tamga |ah} a`vh bhf| xw" |a`| nf |ah Hshga|ahxj/

Dhohs`b \}uh nf Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs/ C} shfhssmod |n Ub`|h QBM

òl Fmd/ 85" |ah lhwgsmu|mno nf |amw nslhs gò ch ch||hs gnjushaholhl/

\ah `sgam|s`vh usnlxghw ò ho|mshb} lmffhsho| hffhg| fsnj |ah noh xwhl

tm|a |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" òl" tambh bhf| ub`mo mo wnjh g`whw" m| mw nslmo`smb}

lmvmlhl mo|n |tn ns |ashh còlw c} wj`bb ansm{no|`b usnkhg|mnow" òl mw

gsntohl tm|a v`smnxw jnxblmodw" nf|ho nso`jho|hl tm|a |ah hdd*òl*

l`s| ns tm|a shhb òl ch`l/ \ah nslmo`s} jh`wxsh nf |ah ahmda| nf

|ah `sgam|s`vh mw `cnx| hpx`b |n |ashh*fnxs|aw nf |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs/

\ah fsmh{h" ` bm||bh bhww amda |aò |ah `sgam|s`vh" mw" `w chfnsh" gsnt\mhl

tm|a nso`|h gnsomgh jnxblmodw/ \ahwh fsmh{hw `sh jhshb} ub`mo wxs*

f`ghw" òl mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw `sh jnsh nf|ho hosmgahl c} g`svmod/

Mf lhgns`|hl" m| mw dhohs`bb} tm|a c`w*shbmhfw mo |ah o`|xsh nf ` usnghwwmno

nf wnjh wns|" gno|moxmod tm|anx| mo|hssxu|mno `bb `snxol |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

Fmd/ 44-/ \ah gnsomgh mw wmjubhs òl hvho bmda|hs mo usnuns|mno |aò

|a`| nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" no `ggnxo| nf |ah `llhl ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9

tambh m| mw gnjunwhl ho|mshb}nf wmjubh còlw nf jnxblmodw/ Molhhl"

|asnxdanx| |ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |amw Nslhs" m| mw |ah ansm{no|`b bmohw

|a`| `sh hjua`wm{hl/

\ah Mnomg gnsomgh mw bhww |aò noh lm`jh|hs mo ahmda|" |ah gnsno`

usnkhg|mod nvhs |ah bmoh nf |ah fsmh{h c} ` lmw|ògh hpxmv`bho| |n |ah

ahmda| nf |ah gnsomgh/ M| unwwhwwhw ò mogbmohl wnffm| wxuuns|hl c} `

chl*jnxbl gnjunwhl nf lmffhsho| jhjchsw" wnjh|mjhw nso`jho|hl

tm|a |ah hdd*òl*l`s|" òl mo b`|h tnsi nf|ho gno|`mow ò `llm|mno`b

gnxswh nf lho|mbw ns cs`gih|w/ M| mw wxsjnxo|hl c} n|ahs jnxblmodw"

òl |ah gnsomgh mw holhl c} ` g}j` hwuhgm`bb}lhgns`|hl tm|a ` anoh}*

wxgibh nso`jho| òl tm|a ah`lw nf bmnow whsvmod `w t`|hswunx|w/\ah

jhò ahmda| nf |ah gnsomgh mw `cnx| noh*px`s|hs |a`| nf |ah tanbh ho*



UNS\MGN NF \HJUBHNF JMOHS]R UNBM@W

UB@\H QBMV/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBMV/-




|`cb`|xsh tamga ch`sw ` s`|mn |n |ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo nf `cnx|

3 |n =" ns ` bm||bh jnsh |aò |tn lm`jh|hsw/

\ah Hshga|ahxj/ \ah Hshga|ahxj ns \smubh \hjubh `| @|ahow

mw ò hqghu|mno`b ubò mo Dshhi tnsi" òl shpxmshw wuhgm`b hqubò`|mno/

\amw \smubh \hjubh" wm|x`|hl no |ah ons|a wmlh nf |ah @gsnunbmw" t`w

lhvn|hl |n |ah tnswamu nf |ashh whu`s`|h lhm|mhw/ \ah usmogmu`b fsno|"

` wmq*gnbxjo unsga"t`w |hsjhl

|ah \hjubh nf Hshga|ahxw" òl

t`w gnoohg|hl |asnxda |ah u`w*

w`dht`} `| |ah wmlh whh ubò" Fmd/

64- tm|a |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv`

Unbm`w" tamga a`l m|w ho|sògh ns

uns|mgn `| |ah wmlh |nt`slw |ah

ons|a/ \n |amw unsga chbnodw |ah

lnnst`} |a`| mw whu`s`|hb} lh*

wgsmchl/

Nuunwm|h

|amw uns|mgn"

no |ah wnx|a wmlh nf |ah cxmblmod

òl f`gmod |nt`slw |ah U`s|ah*

ono" mw |ah \smcxoh ns Unsga nf

|ah G`s}`|mlhw" Fmd/ 15- ns |ah

\hjubh nf Uòlsnwxw/ \ah g`s}*

`|mlhw `sh ub`ghl no ` vhs} amda

w|}bnc`|h"

ns c`whjho|" ch`x|mfxbb} jnxblhl òl g`svhl/ M| tmbb ch

whho |a`| |ah j`mo cnl} nf |ah cxmblmod m|whbf" bh`vmod nx| |ahwh

ons|a òl wnx|a unsgahw" fnbbntw |ah w`jh wmjubh ubò tanwh lh*

vhbnujho| th a`vh `bsh`l} |s`ghl9 òl m| mw nob} mo vmhtmod |ah hq*

|hsmns nf |ah cxmblmod Fmd/ 61-" |a`| ò} gnofxwmno no |amw unmo|

jmda| `smwh/

\ahsh `sh on bhww |aò |ashh lmffhsho| wh|w nf gnbxjow nf |ah Mnomg

Nslhs hjubn}hl no |amw cxmblmod/ \ah usmogmu`b noh mw `| |ah h`w| hol

ns fsno|" tm|a ` wxcwmlm`s} gnbxjo nf `bjnw| |ah w`jh ahmda| no |ah

unsga nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w" tambh |ah thw| ns sh`s t`bb nf |ah cxmblmod mw

lhgns`|hl tm|a fnxs `||`gahl Mnomg gnbxjow nf |ah w`jh nslhs mo ò|mw"

|ahwh chmod nf ` w|mbb wj`bbhs wm{h òl a`vmod tmolntw ub`ghl mo |ah

wu`ghw ch|thho |ahj/ \amw cxmblmod j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnw|

ush|ho|mnxwòl amdab} hosmgahl hq`jubh nf Dshhi |hjubh `sgam|hg|xsh9

gnjcmomod" `w m| lnhw" |ah xwh nf |ah ds`ghfxb Mnomg Nslhs mo ta`| t`w |n

|ah Dshhiw m|w jnw| nso`jho|hl òl amdahw| lhvhbnuhl fnsj" tm|a |ah

Fmd/ 64/ Ubò nf Hshga|ahxj/



UB@\H QBV/




`llm|mno nf |ah ch`x|mfxb òl xompxh Unsga nf |ah G`s}`|mlhw/ \ah

gnjcmo`|mno mo noh

dsnxu

nf |ahwh |ashh |hjubhw t`w hvmlho|b} gnowml*

hshl c} |ahms gsh`|nsw `w ` bnxs lhfnsgh9 tambh |ah t`} mo tamga |ah

uns|mgn |n |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w mw `ssòdhl wn `w |n ub`gh

m|w gho|hs no |ah `qmw nf |ah lnns |n |amw |hjubh òl w|mbb |mh m| mo |n |ah

tanbh gnjunwm|mno" hvho |anxda m| usnkhg|w ch}nol |ah hol nf |ah cnl}

nf |ah cxmblmod mw ` o`mvh òl jnw| wxgghwwfxbb} o`|xs`b wnbx|mno nf

|ah usncbhj/

Th a`vh `bsh`l} whho |a`| |amw cxmblmod" |ah Hshga|ahxj" fxs*

omwahw |tn" ns jnsh usnuhsb} |ashh" xwhw nf |ah gnbxjo nf |amw Nslhs/

No |ah fnxs*gnbxjohl Ons|a Unsga nf |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w

Fmd/ 61- òl no |ah wmq*gnbxjohl j`mo ho|sògh |n |ah \hjubh nf |ah

Hshga|ahxj `| |ah h`w|" vhs} wmjmb`s fnsjw nf |ah gùm|`b `sh hjubn}hl/

\ahwh |tn lmffhsho| gnbxjow" |ah fmsw| ` bm||bh nvhs |tho|}*fmvh òl |ah

whgnol ` bm||bh nvhs |tho|}*noh fhh| mo ahmda|" `sh ub`ghl xolhs |ah

w`jh ho|`cb`|xsh" òl wanxbl ch `gghu|hl `w |ah amdahw| lhvhbnujho|

nf |ah nso`jho|hl Dshhi Mnomg fnsj/ Chwmlhw |amw" ` wj`bbhs gnbxjo

nf |ah w`jh |}uh mw xwhl `| |ah thw| hol ch|thho |ah tmolnt nuhomodw"

cx| `||`gahl |n |ah t`bb chamol m|/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh xwhl tm|a |ah lhgns`|hl Mnomggùm|`b

no |ah

Hshga|ahxj mw wanto mo Ub`|h QBV" tahsh |ah ch`x|mfxb usnuns|mnow

nf m|w v`smnxw ansm{no|`b u`s|w òl jnxblmodw j`} ch w|xlmhl g`shfxbb}/

\ah xwh nf g`svhl ns nso`jho|hl jhjchsw mo |amw gnsomgh mw hwuhgm`bb}

on|`cbh" fsnj |ah shw|s`mo| hjubn}hl mo ub`gmod |ahj `| |ah hq`g|

unmo|w tahsh |amw hosmgahl bmoh lhj`siw jnw| ub`mob} |ah j`mo ansm{no*

|`b lmvmwmnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh òl w|shod|ahow |ah jnsh mjuns|ò|

wa`lntw g`w| c} |ah jnxblhl whg|mnow/ \ah g`svhl chl*jnxbl nf

|ah gnsomgh" òl |ah nso`jho|hl jhjchs nf |ah gsntomod u`s| nf |ah

`sgam|s`vh" `sh wanto `| ` b`sdh wm{h mo @ òl C9tambh `| G `sh dmvho

|ah g`svhl jhjchsw nf |ah ò|` xwhl tm|a |ah gnbxjo" |ah c`wh nf

tamga mw wanto `| L" nuunwm|h |ah hob`sdhl whg|mno nf |ah @||mg c`wh

nf |ah Hshga|ahxj gnbxjow `| H/ \amw ub`|h tmbb molmg`|h |ah dsh`|

shfmohjho| òl uxsm|} nf |ah chw| |}uh nf nso`jho|`b Dshhi g`svhl

jnxblmodw" òl tmbb `bwn want ant gbnwhb}|ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah g`svmod

fnbbntw òl hjua`wm{hw |ah gno|nxs nf |ah jnxblhl whg|mno m|whbf/

V`smnxw Hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh jò} |}uhw nf

|ah Mnomg Nslhs tahsh |ah gùm|`bw `sh nf lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hsw" òl `

wans| lhwgsmu|mno nf h`ga tmbb ch fnxol ohghww`s} mo nslhs |n gnjush*




ahol" mo hvho ` sùml f`wamno" |ah ga`s`g|hs tamga mw dmvho |n |ahwh

lhwmdow òl lh|`mbw" òl |ah lmffhsho| hbhjho|w |a`| gnjunwh |ah jnw|

ch`x|mfxb hq`jubhw/ @| @|ahow" òl u`s|mgxb`sb} mo |ah \hjubh nf

|ah Tmodbhww Vmg|ns} Ub`|h QBMM-" |ah jnxblmodw fnsjmod |ah snbb

nf |ah vnbx|h `sh lmvmlhl òl cho| |nt`slw |ah `qmw nf |ahgùm|`b/

@| Uamd`bm` Fmd/ 6<-" |ah vnbx|hw" chmod b`sdhs òl wmjubhs òl tm|a

jxga usnkhg|mno" `sh shknmohl |n h`ga n|ahs `cnx| |ah `qmw/ Mo @wm`

Jmons" |ah vnbx|hw `sh mo dhohs`b shbmhvhl c} `cwnbx|hb} ansm{no|`b

jnxblmodw Fmd/ 68-/ \ahwh |ashh dhohs`b |}uhw tmbb want |ah v`smh|}

nf |ah lmffhsho|gùm|`bw

xwhl mo |ah Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs/ Mo |ah nbl

hq`jubhw |ah vnbx|hw thsh dmvho jnsh usnkhg|mno" òl `f|hst`slw

ùu`sho|b} shlxghl no `ggnxo| nf hqmdhogmhw nf gnow|sxg|mno/ \ah}`sh `bwn jnsh lhvhbnuhl ns shfmohl mo |sh`|jho| mo b`|hs Nslhsw" òl

|ah h}h nf |ah vnbx|h mw nslmo`smb} ub`ghl mo ubòh tm|a |ah bmoh nf |ah

wa`f|/ M| mw on| vhs} b`|h moM|`b} taho |ah h}hw nf |ah vnbx|hw `sh

ub`ghl w|mbb oh`shs h`ga n|ahs" òl th fmol |ahj gnjmod hvho mowmlh nf

|amw bmoh/

\hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh/ \ahsh mw ` s`|ahs molmvmlx`b

fnsj nf Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs hjubn}hl mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w

`| Usmhoh" tamga a`w chho ls`to nx| mo Ub`|h QBVM/ \ah c`wh nf |amw

Nslhs th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" cx| |ahgùm|`b

mw xobmih ò} hq`j*

ubh th a`vh }h| whho/ M| mw ` vhswmno nf |ah wmjubh ns ub`mo Dshhi

Mnomg" cx| |ah lhwmdohs t`w on| w`|mwfmhl c} wantmod noh*a`bf nf amw

vnbx|h no |ah mo|hso`b òdbh nf |ahgùm|`b"

`w mo |ah gnsohs gùm|`b fsnj

|ah \hjubh no |ah Mbmwwxw `| @|ahow" wanto mo ubò mo Fmd/ 63" tamga

wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |ah ubò nf |ah gùm|`b no |amwub`|h/

M| tmbb

ch on|mghl |a`| mo nslhs |n want |ah gnjubh|h vnbx|h mo |amw òdbh m|

t`w ohghww`s} |n |asnt nx| |ah snbb `| |ah c`gi nf |ah gùm|`b" nuhomod

|ah wu`gh ch|thho m| òl |ah nso`jho|hl hdd*òl*l`s| nf |ah hgamoxw

jnxblmod tamga fnbbntw mo ubò |ah gmsgxb`s waùh nf |ah wa`f|/

\amw tnxbl usnlxgh ` ghs|`mo `tit`slohww nf |ah wnffm|" whho taho

bnnimod xu`| |ah

gùm|`b fsnj"|smh mowmlh nf |ah

unsga" tamga tnxblwhhjmodb} nffwh| |ah `lvò|`dh d`mohl c} gnjubh|mod |ah gmsgbh nf |ah

|tn vnbx|hw wanto no |amw mo|hso`b òdbh/ M| `bwn ohghwwm|`|hw |ah uh*

gxbm`s waùh nf `c`gxw no |a`| gnsohs" gnjubh|hl mo ubò mo Ub`|h

QBVM c} |ah ln||hl bmohw/ \n ch wxsh" |amw mw jxga jnsh bndmg`b mo

m|whbf |aò cshìmod nx| |ah `c`gxw no |ah nuunwm|h hq|hsmns òdbh nvhs

|ah gnsohs vnbx|h9 cx| m| mw pxhw|mno`cbh mf |ah hffhg|w mo hbhv`|mno



DSHHI MNOM

NUJMOHSJ

UB@\H QBVM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bbwm{h

nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBVM/-




$wanto mo |ah gùm|`b mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah ubò tnxbl ch `w aùu}

ns o`|xs`b `w mo |ah n|ahs jh|anl" wanto mo |ah hq`jubh fsnj |ah

\hjubh no |ah Mbmwwxw `bsh`l} jho|mnohl/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh mw

jnsh hb`cns`|h |aò |a`| wanto mo |ah Nslhs no Ub`|h QBM" òl jnsh

oh`sb} ùusn`gahw |ah b`|hs Snjò fnsj/ Th whh ahsh ò mow|ògh nf

|ah xwh nf ` lho|mb gnxswh mo |ah chl*jnxbl nf |ahgnsomgh"tamga u`s|ìhw

wnjhta`|" c} m|w hq|shjh usnkhg|mno" nf |ah o`|xsh nf |ah gnownbh ns

cs`gih|"òl tamga

j`}a`vh

dmvho|n |ah

Snjòw|ah mlh`

|ah}`f|hs*

t`slw lhvhbnuhl/ \ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah wnffm| wanto mo /|ah wj`bb ubò

chbnt mw vhs} wmjmb`s |n |a`| ch|thho |ah gnsohs jx|xbhw nf |ah Dshhi

Lnsmg cxmblmod/ \ah gnsomgh òl gsntomod jnxblmodw" wanto `| |ah

smda|*aòl xuuhs gnsohs nf |amw ub`|h `| @" `sh |ìho fsnj |ah d`cbh ns

uhlmjho| nf |ah cxmblmod/ \amw ub`|h fxs|ahs wantw |ah nso`jho|hl

wnffm| nf |ah `sgam|s`vh mo |ah whg|mno |asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh dmvho

`| |ah smda|" tamga gno|`mow ` wj`bb wxoi uòhb nso`jho|hl tm|a `

g`svhl jnxblmod" |amw uòhb" anthvhs" chmod vhs} o`ssnt/ Mo |ah

whg|mnow wanto no |amw ub`|h"|ah w|nohw a`|gahl tm|a ` bmda|hs bmoh `sh

shw|nshl òl gnokhg|xs`b/

@on|ahs `x|ansm|} wantw |amw Nslhs tm|anx| |ah fsmh{h" òl ub`ghw

|ah cs`gih|w ns lho|mbw lmshg|b} xuno |ah gsntomod jhjchs nf |ah

`sgam|s`vh/ @ jh|anl fns lh|hsjmomod |ah gho|hsw shpxmshl |n ls`t

nx| |ah vnbx|h nf |ah Dshhi Mnomg gùm|`b" mw wanto mo |ah bnths smda|*

aòl gnsohs nf |ah ub`|h/

GNSMO\AM@O NSLHS

\ah Dshhiw movho|hl" chwmlhw |anwh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" òn|ahs

Nslhs |ah Gnsmo|amò/ Mo |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw nf |amw Nslhs tamga

shj`mo" th whh hvmlhoghw nf |ah w`jh usnghwwhw nf hquhsmjho|`|mno `w

|holhl |n |ah lhvhbnujho| nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" `b|anxdam|

shj`mohlfns |ah b`|hs Snjòw |n dmvh |amw |}uh m|w jnw| lhfmom|h ga`s`g|hs/

\ahwh Nslhsw j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w wxgghwwmvh w|huwmo hosmgamod

òl shfmomod |ah hffhg| nf |ah gnbxjo òl ho|`cb`|xsh" `bnod tm|a

|ahms `ggnjuò}mod jnxblmodw/

\ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs mw lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah n|ahs Nslhsw c}

m|w usmogmu`b ga`s`g|hsmw|mg" |ahgùm|`b" tamga mw fnsjhl nf |tn sntw nf

`gò|axw bh`vhw ub`ghl `d`mow| ` snxol v`wh ns cs`gih|" òl tamga"




tm|a |ah `c`gxw wxuuns|hl no |ah òdbhw c} vnbx|hw" mws`lmg`bb} lmffhs*

ho| fsnjò}|amod

th a`vh chfnsh whho/

Nsmdmo nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/ @w |ah mjuns|`|mno fsnj n|ahs

gnxo|smhw nf |ah mlh`w no tamga |ah |tn fmsw| Dshhi Nslhsw" hwuhgm`bb}

|ah Lnsmg" thsh fnxolhl" a`w chho f`msb} usnvhl" m| whhjw bhww xo*

sh`wno`cbh |n chbmhvh |a`| |ah mlh` nf |ah Gnsmo|amògùm|`b t`w `bwn

|ìho fsnj Hd}u|" `b|anxda |ah Dshhiw `||smcx|h m|w movho|mno |n ò

`s|mw| nf |ahms nto gnxo|s}" G`bbmj`gaxw" ò `sgam|hg|" u`mo|hs" òl

wgxbu|ns"

tan hqhsgmwhl amw `s| `cnx| |ah

}h`s

<74 C/ G/

Vm|sxvmxw |hbbw ` bhdhol ns w|ns}nf |ah movho|mno nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

gùm|`b/@ }nxod dmsb

nf Gnsmo|a

a`vmod lmhl" ahs oxswh ub`ghl mo

|ah |njc ` cs`gih| no tamga thsh

wh| nckhg|w jnw| lh`s |n ahs jmw*

|shww" òl fns usn|hg|mno fsnj |ah

s`mo wah `bwn

ub`ghl

` b`sdh |mbh

nvhs |ah cs`gih|/ @ tmbl `gò*

|axw" tanwh snn|w thsh xolhs*

oh`|a |ah nffhsmod" wush`l m|w

bh`vhw `snxol |ah nx|bmoh xo|mb

|ah |mbh gxsvhl |ahms |nuw nvhs òl

nx|t`sl/ G`bbmj`gaxw" fmolmod

|ah fnsjw usnlxghl c} |amw

aù*uhomod jnw| lhgns`|mvh" ùubmhl

|ahj |n amw gsh`|mno nf ` oht Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh/

\amw gùm|`b t`w jnsh usnc`cb} lhvhbnuhl fsnj |ah bn|xw chbb*

waùhl Hd}u|mò fnsj" |ah usmogmu`b lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah |tn chmod

mo |ahms ahmda| òl usnuns|mnow/ Mo cn|a th a`vh ` wmjubh chbb*waùhl

fnsj nso`jho|hl c} bng`b v`smh|mhw nfbh`f`dh" |ah noh |ìho fsnj |ah

bn|xw ubò|"òl |ah n|ahs fsnj |ah jnsh wumo} `gò|axw/

Mo |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw" |ah gùm|`b wantw ` gnjcmo`|mno nf

ta`| mw ionto `w |ah #t`|hs bh`f# tm|a Dshhi `gò|axw bh`vhw gnvhs*

mod |ah bnths uns|mno nf |ah gùm|`b òl wxuhsunwhl xuno |ahms f`gh/

\amw t`|hs bh`f wxddhw|w |n ` gnowmlhs`cbh hq|ho| |ah fnsj nf bn|xw

xwhl c} |ah Hd}u|mòw mo |ah gùm|`bw nf wnjh nf |ahms gnbxjow/ \ah

lhsmv`|mno nf |ah wumo`bw ns vnbx|hw" xwhl `w |ah} `sh no |ah òdbhw nf

|amw gùm|`b"mw on| wn ncvmnxw/

M| a`w `bwn chho wxddhw|hl |a`| |amw fnsj nf gùm|`b g`jh fsnj

4GTHSNF\&TMOL8*




|ah gxw|nj nf nso`jho|mod" no d`b` ngg`wmnow" |ah gùm|`bwnf |ah

Mnomg gnbxjo tm|a fbnthsw òlfnbm`dh"

tamga th iont thsh nf|ho

fhw|nnohl òl lsùhl ch|thho òl `snxol |ahwh gnbxjow/ M| mw jnsh

usnc`cbh" anthvhs" |a`| |amw gùm|`b j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah

lhgns`|hl Dshhi Mnomg fnsj9 |ah lhgns`|mno tm|a bh`f`dh nf |ah chbb*

waùhl uns|mno chmod jhshb} ò hq`ddhs`|mno nf |ah lhgns`|hl ohgimod

hjubn}hl mo wnjh hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/ \ah

bh`vhw mo |ah gùm|`b`sh fshpxho|b} ls`to mo |ah gnovho|mno`b nx|bmoh

jòohs wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMM" jhshb} fns h`wh mo sholhsmod9 cx|

|ah} wanxbl `g|x`bb} ch |sh`|hl

`f|hs |ah wumo} f`wamno nf |ah

`gò|axw bh`f" wanto mo Fmd/ 6=/

Fxol`jho|`b Sxbh |n ch Nc*

whsvhl mo Jìmod |ah Gnsmo|amò

Gùm|`b/ M| mw jnw| mjuns|ò|"mo

nslhs |n nc|`mo |ah chw| hffhg|

tm|a |ah Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b" |a`|

|ah bh`f`dh òl dsnt|a nf |ah

bh`vhw" òl |ah fnsj nf |ah chbb"

wanxbl fnbbnt wa`sub} òl gno*

|moxh |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo

wa`f| xu |n |ah unmo| tahsh |ah}

`sh `bbnthl |n gxsvh nff xolhs |ah

vnbx|hw òl `c`gxw nf |ah gùm|`b/

\amw gxsvh mo m|whbf wanxbl ch

g`shfxbb} `ssòdhl wn |a`| m|w nx|*

bmoh tmbb wxddhw| |ah fmsj wxuuns|

|a`| mw hwwho|m`b mo nslhs |n nc|`mo

|ah chw| hffhg|/ Mf |ah bh`vhw usnkhg| ch}nol |ah bmoh nf |ah wa`f| `|

|ah cn||nj nf |ah gùm|`b" |ah nx|bmoh mw cxbdmod" xoo`|xs`b" òl jnw|

xoubh`wò| |n |ah h}h/

Hq`jubhw nf Gnsmo|amò Gùm|`bw/ \ah Gnsmo|amò nslhs nffhsw

mo Dshhgh cx| ` vhs} wj`bb oxjchs nf lmffhsho| |}uhw/ Th fmol |a`|

Mg|moxw xwhl |amw nslhs mo |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `| C`wwwh ns Uamd`bm`

`cnx| <70 C/ G/" fns noh mwnb`|hl gnbxjo ub`ghl ch|thho |tn wa`f|w

nf |ah Mnomg nslhs9 òl |ahshfnsh |amw mow|ògh" hqghu| fns |ah mo|hshw|

dmvho c} |ah lh|`mbw nf |ahgùm|`b"

mw nf bm||bh v`bxh/ \ah `c`gxw nf

|amw gùm|`b" tm|a m|w tmlh" ub`mo f`gh nso`jho|hl tm|a ` dhnjh|smg`b

Fmd/ 45/ Gùm|`b fsnj \hjubh nf @unbbn

`| Uamd`bm`/




fnsj/ \ah gnbxjow nf |ahwh |ashh hq`jubhw `sh wanto `| |ahms fxbb

ahmda| mo Ub`|h QBVMMM" tahsh |ah} `sh `ssòdhl wn `w |n ch h`wmb}

gnju`shl fns |ah lmffhshoghw mo |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah wa`f|w òl |ahms

ho|`wmw" `w thbb `w fns |ah uxsunwh nf gno|s`w|mod |ah lmffhsho| Dshhi

|}uhwnf |ah gùm|`b m|whbf/ Mo `bb |ashh" |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw

fbx|hl9 òl mo nob} noh |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw mw m| bhf|

tm|anx| ` c`wh" |ah n|ahs |tn wantmod ` v`sm`|mno nf |ah #@||mg# c`wh/

\ahwh Nslhsw jxw| ch whu`s`|hb} lhwgsmchl" mo`wjxga `w |ahsh `sh

ghs|`mo uhgxbm`sm|mhwmo h`ga |a`| j`} ch `||smcx|hl mo u`s| |n |ah mo*

lmvmlx`b shpxmshjho|w nf |ah whu`s`|h usncbhjw movnbvhl/

\nths nf |ah Tmolw/ \ah gx*

smnxw /wuhgmjho nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

Nslhs nffhshl c} |ah v`sm`|mno xwhl

no |ah \nths nf |ah Tmolw `|

@|ahow Fmd/ 43-" mw thbb tns|a} nf

w|xl}/\ah gnbxjo" tambh nf |ah

|ashh

hq`jubhw kxw|

jho|mnohl |ah

b`|hw| mo l`|h" mw w|mbb |ah gsxlhw| mo

fnsj" |ah n|ahs |tn chmod jxga

jnsh shfmohl òl ds`ghfxb mo|}uh/

Mo ho|`wmw" òl mo |sh`|jho| nf wa`f|

òl c`wh" m| fnbbntw vhs} gbnwhb} |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg jh|anl" chdmoomod |n

|ùhs fsnj |ah w|`s|" `w mw hbwhtahsh

jnshfxbb}

wanto mo lhwgsmcmod |ah@UM\@B.Fmd/ 47/ Gnsmo|amò Gùm|`b fsnj \nths ho|`wmw nf |a`| Nslhs" òl tm|a |ah

fbx|hw sxoomod lmshg|b}lnto mo|n

|ah ub`|fnsj no tamga m| mw wh|9 cx| |ah wa`f| mw m|whbf jnsh wbholhs"

chmod hmda| òl noh*px`s|hs lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" mogbxlmod |ah gùm|`b/

Chwmlhw |ah gnbxjo wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMMM" ` uhswuhg|mvh nf |ah gù*

m|`b mw wanto mo Fmd/ 47" tambh |ah mo|hshw|mod `gò|axw bh`f hjchbbmwa*

mod m| mw ls`to nx| `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh mo Fmd/ 6=/ Fmd/ 4< lmwub`}w |ah

ho|msh |nths" `bnod tm|a |ah xoxwx`b unsga xw`dh nf |ah gnbxjow" |ah

fmsw| Gb`wwmg mow|ògh nf |ahms hjubn}jho| `f|hs |amw jnlhso f`wamno/

Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw/ \ah lh|`mbw dmvho mo Ub`|h

QBMQ `sh |ìho fsnj |ah Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw `|

@|ahow" ò hq`jubh nf |ah uxshw| Dshhi `s|" òl |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod

tamga th gò fmol nf ` Gnsmo|amò nslhs hjubn}hl no ò hq|hsmns/



Fmd/ 4</ Shw|ns`|mno nf \nths nf |ah Tmolw" @|ahow/




\ah gmsgxb`s jnoxjho| tamga th g`bb |ah Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf

B}wmgs`|hw mw ch||hs lmwub`}hl mo m|w ho|msh|}mo Fmdw/ 48 òl 46/ \ahsh

`sh |ashhw|huw"

h`ga nf vhs} wbmda| usnkhg|mno" `| |ah c`wh nf |amw jnox*

Fmd/ 46/ Gans`dmg Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw

jho|" mo `llm|mno |n |anwh wanto/ \amw j`} a`slb} ch gnowmlhshl

`w ` tanbb} w`|mwf`g|ns} mow|ògh nf |ah Dshhi xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

Nslhs" `b|anxda m| mw |ah jnw| uhsfhg|hq|ò| hq`jubh/ Anthvhs" |ah

gnbxjow `||`gahl `w |ah} `sh |n ` cbòi t`bb" jnsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno



0<5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

tamga |ah Snjòw `f|hst`sl `lnu|hl mo |ahms Nslhsw |ah gmsgxb`s

ubò" òl |ah wj`bb wg`bh |ah |nths m|whbf chmod nob} `cnx| whvho fhh|

mo lm`jh|hs sholhs m| vhs} mjuhsfhg| fns nxs uxsunwh" gnowmlhsmod m|

fsnj ò} w|òlunmo|/ \ah lh|`mbw nf |amw jnoxjho| `sh ch||hs wanto

mo Ub`|h QBMQ" tahsh |ah lh|`mb nf |ah gùm|`b j`} ch w|xlmhl tm|a

jnshu`s|mgxb`sm|}/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh fnbbntw gbnwhb} |ah |}uh wanto mo

Fmd/ 85" òl mogbxlhw ` gnxswh nf lho|mbw" cx| b`giw |ah gsntomod

g}j`|mxj nf |ah Nslhs Ub`|h" m|w ub`gh chmod |ìho c} ` gnxswh nf

`gsn|hsm`" fnsjmod ` #gahog`x# ns gshw|mod `snxol |ah |nu nf |ah gsnto*

mod jhjchs/ \ah |ashh f`wgm`w ns f`ghw nf |ah `sgam|s`vh" `w wanto

no |ah gnsohs" `sh |sh`|hl mo ` s`|ahs wxddhw|mvh òl xoxwx`b f`wamno/

\ah ch`x|mfxb òlsmgab}

fnbm`|hl gsntomod nso`jho| nf |ah jnoxjho|

mw wanto no |amw ub`|h `| ` b`sdhs wm{h" tambh |ah ds`ghfxb `gò|axw

nso`jho| fbntmod lnto |ah snnf òl bh`lmod xu |n |amw gho|s`b fh`|xsh

mw wanto mo lmshg| hbhv`|mno `w thbb `w mo ubò òl whg|mno/ \ah

#sxoomod lnd# ns t`vh nso`jho| ub`ghl no |ah snnf `cnvh òl mowmlh nf

|ah gnxswh nf `gsn|hsm`" mw `bwn wanto mo lh|`mb/

\amw jnoxjho| t`w usnc`cb} gsntohl tm|a |ah hjcbhj`|mg

|smunl nf |ah Gans`dxw" hqhgx|hl mo jh|`b |ah |smunl *mw shuh`|hl mo |ah

t`bb fsmh{h-" òl tm|a noh ns |tn axjòfmdxshw" tambh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

fsmh{h t`w nso`jho|hl mo |ah f`wamno wanto mo |ah shw|ns`|mno Fmd/ 44-/

\ah gnbxjo mo |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw a`w |tho|}*fnxs fbx|hw9

m|w ahmda| mw `cnx| hbhvho òl noh*a`bf fhh|" òl m| mw ` bm||bh jnsh |aò

|ho |mjhw m|w lm`jh|hs" |ah gùm|`b chmod noh òl |tn*|ho|aw lm`jh|hsw

mo ahmda|/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw ` bm||bh bhww |aò noh*fmf|a |ah |n|`b ahmda|

nf |amw Nslhs" tambh |ah c`wh mo |amw u`s|mgxb`s hq`jubh mw hvmlho|b} wn

jxga mofbxhoghl c} m|w gnoohg|mno tm|a |ah cbòi ts

`bb chamol" |a`| m|

gò a`slb} ch gnowmlhshl `w |}umg`b" `b|anxda m| v`smhw cx| bm||bh

fsnj |a`| wanto mo |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs Ub`|h/ \ah gnbxjo mw wh|

/ xuno ` gno|moxnxw c`wh ns w|hu tm|a ` jnxblhl" sh|sh`|mod f`gh tamga

mw hvmlho|b} mo|holhl |n nffwh| |ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah chb| gnxswh choh`|a/

\ah wa`f| nf |amw gnbxjo mw |ùhshl jnsh oh`sb} `f|hs |ah Snjò

f`wamno" mo`wjxga `w" chfnsh |ah ho|`wmw chdmow" m| mw w|s`mda| fns wnjh

lmw|ògh `cnvh |ah c`wh jnxblmod/

\ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/ Mo Ub`|h B cn|a |ah hq|hsmns òl

mo|hsmns |sh`|jho| nf |ah \anbnw `| Fuml`xsnw `sh wanto mo lh|`mb/

Th `d`mo fmol |a`| |amw mow|ògh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhsw

jxw| ch |ìho `w ` jnw| ch`x|mfxb òl molmvmlx`b hq`jubh/ \ah




On| |ah bh`w| mo|hshw|mod u`s| nf |amw cxmblmod mw |ah fnsj nf |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs tamga th fmol ahsh xwhl/

Chbnodmod

|n |amw b`|h

uhsmnl" m| j`} uhsaùw ch gnowmlhshl `w ` shfmohjho| xuno |amw Nslhs"

hvho `w xwhl mo |ah U`s|ahono/ M| mw ghs|`mob} pxm|h `w shfmohl ò

mow|ògh" tambh |ah nso`jho|hl òl bhww whvhsh ga`s`g|hs tamga m| mw

ahsh dmvho mw gnjjhol`cbh" gnowmlhsmod |ah xwh nf |ah gnbxjow no `

cxmblmod nf gmsgxb`s ubò Fmd/ 41-/ \ah gsntomod gahoh`x Ub`|h B-"

tm|a |ah bmno$w ah`l fns |ah t`|hswunx|" mw xoxwx`bb} ch`x|mfxb9 tambh

|ah Dshhi fsh|" xwhl cn|a ahsh òl no |ah mo|hsmns ho|`cb`|xsh nf |ah

Fmd/ 41/ Ubò nf |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/

cxmblmod" mw |ah fnsj |n tamga |ah Dshhiw |ahjwhbvhw `sh jnw| u`s|m`b

òl tamga |ah} hvmlho|b} gnowmlhshl `w |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod lhvhbnu*

jho| nf |amw uxshb} dhnjh|smg`b nso`jho| |n tamga |ah} a`l `||`mohl/

\ah g`svmod nf |ah whu`s`|h jhjchsw" fsnj |ah mo|hsmns ho|`cb`|xsh"

wanto mo lh|`mb no |amw w`jh ub`|h" mw hqghu|mno`bb} ch`x|mfxb òl uxsh

mo m|w |}uh9 tambh |ah sxoomod lnd" |ìho fsnj |ah uòhb mo |ah wnffm| nf

|ah `jcxb`|ns} ch|thho |ah Gnsmo|amò gnbxjow òl |ah t`bb nf |ah

cxmblmod" mw hwuhgm`bb} mo|hshw|mod mo m|w whg|mno`b |sh`|jho|/

\ah gnbxjo ahsh hjubn}hl mw amdahs |aò mo |ah h`sbmhs hq`jubhw"

chmod |ho lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|9 cx| m| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| jnw| nf |amw



iw

s

\ / s " | "

Fmd/ 4=/

UB@\H QBVMM/@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h QBVMM/-



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0<7

`llm|mno`b ahmda| mw |ìho xu c} |ah gùm|`b m|whbf" tambh |ah ahmda| nf

|ah wa`f| shj`mow us`g|mg`bb} |ah w`jh/

Dhohs`b \}uh nf Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/ \ah wa`f| nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

gnbxjo mw dsnnvhl tm|a |tho|}*fnxs gaòohbw" |ah w`jh mo oxjchs òl

mo waùh `w |anwh tamga nso`jho| |ah Mnomg gnbxjo/ \ah c`wh mw

`bwn |ah w`jh9 òl m| mw |ah hbhv`|mno nf |ahgùm|`b" tm|a m|w ls`to*nx|

o`ssnt fnsj" |a`| `llw ùu`sho| ahmda| |n |ah wa`f| òl jìhw |ah

Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo ùuh`s jnsh *hbhdò|/

\ah ahmda| nf |ah Gnsmo|amò ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn lm`jh|hsw òl

noh*a`bf" |ah lm`jh|hs chmod" `w `bt`}w" |ìho `| |ah cn||nj nf |ah

wa`f|/ \ahwh usnuns|mnow" `b|anxda dhohs`bb} `ljm||hl" `sh on|

mov`sm`cbh9 cx| |ah} j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w ` jhò" fnxolhl no |ah

hq`jubhw nf tamga th iont" `b|anxda |ah} `sh `ljm||hlb} vhs} fht

mo oxjchs/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh lmffhsw cx|wbmda|b}

fsnj |ah noh th a`vh `bsh`l}

whho no |ah Mnomg Nslhs mo |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w `| Usmhoh"

wanto mo Ub`|h QBVM9 òl ` gnju`smwno nf |amw hq`jubh tm|a Ub`|h

QBVMM tmbb want ta`| wbmda| gaòdh a`w chho j`lh fsnj |amw gnsomgh

mo m|w dhohs`b usnuns|mnow/

\ah `sgam|s`vh mw lmvmlhl mo|n |ashh còlw ns f`wgm`w" òl |ah

fsmh{h mw ub`mo"ns mw nso`jho|hl tm|a lh|`gahl fmdxshw wgxbu|xshl `f|hs

` o`|xs`bmw|mg f`wamno/

\ah usnuns|mnownf |ah gnsomgh |n |ah ho|msh ho|`cb`|xsh `sh

wnjhta`| gaòdhl fsnj |ah |}umg`bMnomg fnsj" `w m| mw ah`vmhs òl

jnsh mo |ah shb`|mno |n |ah tanbh |a`| m| `f|hst`slw cnsh mo Snjò

tnsi/ \ah lho|mb" tamga fmsw| ùuh`shl mo |ah Mnomg gnsomgh" a`w c}

ont `||`mohl ` jnsh lhfmom|h lho|mgxb`s hqushwwmno" ``l th fmol |amw

jhjchs xwhl mo |ah Gnsmo|amò gnsomgh no cn|a |ah \hjubh nf |ah

Tmolw òl |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw/ \ah Dshhiw hvmlho|b} fmsw|

xwhl |ah shdxb`s Mnomg ho|`cb`|xsh tm|a |amw oht gùm|`b9 cx| |ah

ohghwwm|} fns ` ah`vmhs òl jnsh hb`cns`|h gnsomgh |n dn tm|a m| t`w `|

nogh dhohs`bb} ùu`sho|" wn |ah lho|mgxb`s gnsomgh" tamga a`l chho |smhl

` fht |mjhw tm|a |ah shdxb`s Mnomg gnbxjo" t`whvmlho|b} `lnu|hl `w

jnsh ùusnusm`|h fns xwh tm|a |amw smgahs Nslhs/ @ol ahsh`f|hs th

fmol |a`| |ah lho|mgxb`s gnsomgh mw s`shb} xwhl tm|a |ah Dshhi Mnomg

nslhs tm|amo Dshhgh m|whbf/

Mo |ah Nslhs Fmd/ 4=- fsnj @wahs Chok`jmo" mw ` lh|`mb nf |ah

Gnsmo|amò gùm|`btm|a |ah usmogmu`b lmjhowmnow fns |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w



0<< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

nf |ah Nslhs nf tamga m| gnjunwhw ` u`s|/\n hum|njm{h |ah w|xl} nf

|amw Nslhs" Ub`|h QBVMMM wantw mo ` wns| nfu`s`bbhb |ah `wwhjcbhl

|ashh jnw| gxsmnxw |}uhwnf Gnsmo|amò gùm|`bw nf tamga th iont/

\ahwh `sh fsnj |ah Jnoxjho| nfB}wmgs`|hw" |ah Unsga fsnj |ah

\nths nf |ah Tmolw" òl |ah Gùm|`b nf |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/

M| mw mo |ah Mnomò vmbb`dhwnf @wm` Jmons |a`| |ah Nslhs t`w jnw|

xwhl fns |ah lhgns`|mno nf |ah uns|mgnw òl ghbb`w nf |hjubhw9 òl |ah

gùm|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh nf [hxw `| @|ahow mw |ah |}uh jnw| fshpxho|b}

xwhl mo @wm` Jmons òl moM|`b}/

@f|hs |ah Snjò gnopxhw| m| t`w

fshpxho|b} hjubn}hl9 òl" |sòwubò|hl |n Snjh" |ah vhswmno nf |ah

Gnsmo|amò Nslhs |ahsh lhvhbnuhl jh| tm|a |ah dsh`|hw| f`vns/

G`s}`|mlw/ \ah Dshhiw" mo ub`gh nf gnbxjow" ngg`wmno`bb} xwhl

|ah fmdxshw lhonjmo`|hl g`s}`|mlw fns |ah wxuuns| nf |ahms ho|`cb`|xshw"

|ah jnw| f`jnxw hq`jubh nf tamga mw |ah unsga nf |ah \smubh \hjubh

nf |ah Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow/ M| mw unwwmcbh |a`| |ah xwh nf axjò

fmdxshw fns |amw uxsunwh j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} wnjh nf |ah h`sbmhs

Hd}u|mò umhswns gnbxjow g`svhl tm|a |ah fmdxshw nf imodw òl

dnlw/

\ah xwh nf ` axjò fmdxsh mo |ah ub`gh nf ` gnbxjo |n wxuuns|

ò ho|`cb`|xsh" j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w unwwmcb} ` fnxs|a Dshhi #Nslhs/#

\ahsh `sh |tn v`smh|mhw nf |amw Nslhs" |ah Uhswmg òl |ah G`s}`|ml/

\ah Uhswmg gnsshwunolw |n |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo" |ah w|`|xh nf ` jò

|ìmod |ah ub`gh nf |ah wa`f|" òl |ah ho|`cb`|xsh ahsh w|mbb u`s|ìhw

nf |ah Lnsmg ga`s`g|hs9 tambh mo |ah G`s}`|ml Nslhs |ah gnbxjo mw

shub`ghl c} ` tnjò" òl |ah ho|`cb`|xsh u`s|ìhw jnsh nf ò Mnomg

ga`s`g|hs/

\ah Uhswmg Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl mo |ah ghbb` nf |ah dmdò|mg \hj*

ubh nf [hxw `| @dsmdho|xj9 òl m| whhjw |n a`vh chho nf|ho xwhl `w

|ah whgnol Nslhs tamga th fmol ub`ghl nvhs |ah gnbxjo mo |ah gho|hs

`mwbh nf jò} Dshhi |hjubhw |n wxuuns| |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" no tamga mo

|xso shw|hl |ah gnvhsmod nf |ah o`nw ns o`vh/

Th fmol no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow" no |ah f`gh nf |ah Hshga|ahxj

|nt`slw |ah U`s|ahono" ` wxuhsc hq`jubh nf |ah G`s}`|ml nslhs

Fmd/ 15-/ \amw mw |ah nob} mow|ògh nf |ah xwh nf fmdxshw |n shub`gh

gnbxjow mo |amw unwm|mno" tahsh |ah} |ìh |ah ub`gh nf ` usmogmu`b Nslhs

òl `sh `g|x`bb} ub`ghl mo lmshg| gnju`smwno" c} |ahms gbnwh kxq|ùnwm*

|mno" |n b`sdh Mnomg wa`f|w/ \ah g`s}`|mlw `sh ihu| mo wg`bh tm|a |ah

cxmblmod òl wxssnxolmodw" òl w|mbb `||`mo |ah shpxmwm|h ahmda| c} |ah




wmjubh hquhlmho| nf ub`gmod |ahj xuno ` wans| whg|mno nf t`bb" ns uhlhw*

|`b" |sh`|hl tm|a ò nso`|h Mnomg ò|wh gù òl c`wh*jnxbl Fmd/ 10-/

\amw mw us`g|mg`bb} |ah fmsw| mow|ògh nf |ah w|}bnc`|h chmod dmvho wxga

` lmw|mog|mvh òl lmffhsho| |sh`|jho|9 òl/ m| t`w on| |mbb `bjnw| 055

}h`sw b`|hs |a`| |ah gnbxjow nf |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw thsh

ub`ghl no |ahms s`mwhl c`whjho| nsuhlhw|`b"

` gxw|nj tamga |ah

Snjòw b`|hs `lnu|hl mo jò} nf |ahms cxmblmodw/

Mo ub`gh nf gùm|`bw" |ahwh w|`|xhw g`ss} no |ahms ah`lw ` wns| nf

gxwamno nf snxol jnxblmodw Fmd/ 13-" tamga mo |xso g`ssmhw |ah ho*

|`cb`|xsh/ Cx| |anxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh ùusn`gahw |a`| nf |ah Mnomg



V




Nslhs mo |ah smgaohww òl hbh*

dògh

nf m|w lhgns`|mno" òl

ushwho|w` jnw| ch`x|mfxb wmj*

mb`sm|}|n |ah Mnomg" th on|mgh

|a`| |ah fsmh{h nf |ah ho|`cb`*

|xsh mw gnjubh|hb} wxuushwwhl/

Mo hffhg| |ah gnsomgh shw|w lm*

shg|b}no |ah jnxblmodw gsnto*

mod |ah `sgam|s`vh/

\ah g`s}`|ml /wnjh|mjhw

wxuuns|hl ` gnjubh|h Mnomg ns

Gnsmo|amò /gùm|`b xuno m|w

ah`l" mo |ah ub`gh nf |ah

jnxblmodw fnxol no |ah g`s}*

`|ml mo |ah Hshga|ahxj |sm*

cxoh" |anxda |ahsh mw on hq|ò|

hq`jubh chbnodmod |n ` dnnl

hunga" nf wxga |sh`|jho|/

DSHHI LH\@MBW

Hshga|ahxj Lnnst`}/ @

lnnst`} òl tmolnt fsnj |ah

Hshga|ahxj `| @|ahow `sh

ls`to nx| mo Fmdw/ 17 òl 1</

Mo Fmd/ 1< |ah gnjubh|h lnns*

t`} Fmd/ 18- mw wanto" tambh

mo Fmd/ 17 |ah lh|`mbw `sh ls`to

nx| `| ` b`sdhs wg`bh/ \ah

tmolnt mw ub`ghl mowmlh |ah

lnns nuhomod" tm|a |ah whg|mnow

nf |ah `sgam|s`vh òl wmbb ub`ghl

mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh m|/ \ah

usnuns|mnow nf |amw lnnst`}

òl tmolnt `sh |}umg`b nf |anwh

hjubn}hl mo |ah chw| Dshhi

w|sxg|xshw9òl m| tmbb ch nc*

whsvhl |a`| |ah tml|a nf |ah

nuhomod `| |ah |nu mw o`ssnths

LH\@MBG@S+\mLH+UNS/GA

HSHGA\MHVJ

Fmd/ 13"



DSHHMG LH\@MBW"# ;9 ;

N N N P N

4;6*

$LNNST@]*




mo h`ga g`wh |aò m| mw `| |ah cn||nj" |ah bmohw |ùhsmod |n wnjh vò*

mwamod unmo| no |ah gho|hs bmoh `cnvh" tahsh |ah} tnxbl mo|hswhg|/

\ah tml|a nf |ah `sgam|s`vh o`ssntw mo |ah w`jh usnuns|mno `w m|

oh`sw |ah |nu nf |ah nuhomod/ \amw tmbbwxffmgmho|b} molmg`|h" fsnj ò

hq`jubh nf |ah chw| uhsmnl" |ah dhohs`b usmogmubhw fnbbnthl c} |ah

Dshhiw mo |ahms xwh nf lnnsw òl tmolntw/

W|hbh Gshw|modw/ \ah gshw|mod nso`jho|w wanto mo Fmd/ 16 thsh

xwhl c} |ah Dshhiw |n fmomwa nff |ah |nuw nf |ahms jnoxjho|`b w|hbwh ns

wa`f|w" nohnf

tamgamw

wanto`| fxbb

ahmda|mo |ah

xuuhsgho|s`b

uns|mnonf |amw ls`tmod/ \ah g`svmod nggxsw no |ah fsno| òl sh`s nf |ah

wa`f|" tamga mw nf gnju`s`|mvhb} wj`bb |amgiohww" chmod `w o`ssnt `w

|ah j`|hsm`b hjubn}hl tmbb `bbnt/ \ah Dshhiw lhvmwhl ` dsh`| v`smh|}

nf nso`jho|w fns |amw uxsunwh" `bb wmjmb`s mo |}uh |n |ah nohw ahsh

mbbxw|s`|hl9 cx| |ah hmda| hq`jubhw shusnlxghl j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w

f`msb} shushwho|`|mvhnf wnjh nf |ah chw| dhohs`b |}uhw/

\AH HO\@WMW NF \AH DSHHI GNBXJO\ah Dshhiw" mo usnuns|mnomod |ahms Lnsmg gnbxjow" `ssmvhl `| ò

ùu`sho| w}w|hj nf ho|`wmw |a`| mw s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah jnsh

gxw|nj`s} jh|anl hjubn}hl no `bb Snjò gnbxjow/

On u`s| nf |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mw u`s`bbhbtm|a m|w

`qmw ns gho|hs bmoh/ Fsnj |ah vhs} cn||nj" |ah wa`f| wbnuhw mo |n*

t`slw |ah gho|hs" |amw wbnuh mogsh`wmod `w m| oh`sw |ah ohgi nf |ah gnb*

xjo" mo uns|mnow nf `sgw nf gmsgbhw nf ` v`s}mod |anxda b`sdh s`lmxw/

\amw gnxbl on| ch lhwgsmchl `w ` |sxh `sg" anthvhs" mo`wjxga `w `| |ah

cn||nj |ah bmoh mw `bjnw| w|s`mda| fns wnjh lmw|ògh/ C} shfhssmod

|n Fmd/ 14" |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah U`s|ahono" wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMM"

tmbb ch fnxol ls`to nx| tm|a wuhgm`b shfhshogh |n m|w nx|bmoh ns ho|`wmw/

Mo |ah jmllbh nf |ah wahh|" `| |ah|nu"

|ah ubòw nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah

ohgi òl c`wh `sh wanto hob`sdhl |n noh òl noh*a`bf |mjhw |ah wm{h

nf |ah gnbxjo wanto mo hbhv`|mno 9 òl ahsh |ah lm`jh|hsw |asnxda |ah

gnbxjo `| |ah unmo|w j`sihl no |ah wa`f| `sh wanto jnsh hq`g|b}/

\ah|n|`b ahmda|nf |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo mw lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`m u`s|w"

òl oxjchshl fsnj noh" chdmoomod `| |ah ohgi" |n whvho `| |ah c`wh/

\ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah ohgi òl `|

|ah c`wh mw lmvmlhl" no |ah s`lm`b bmoh" mo|n ò hpx`b oxjchs nfu`s|w"

òl oxjchshl gnsshwunolmodb} fsnj noh `| |ah ohgi |n whvho `| |ah

c`wh" |ahwh bmohw chmod hq|holhl u`s`bbhb |n |ah bmoh nf `qmw xo|mb |ah}



DSHADNSO@JHO\_

W\NBH*GSHW\W

Fmd/ 16/



Umd/ 14"




mo|hswhg| |ah bmohw `| smda| òdbhw |n |ahj |a`| lmvmlh |ah gnbxjo mo|n

|ah wmq u`s|w kxw|shfhsshl |n/ M| tmbb |aho ch fnxol |a`|" `w mw wanto

`| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|" |ahwh unmo|wtmbb gnmogmlh tm|a

|ahnx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo tamga u`wwhw |asnxda |ahj" hqghu| `| |ah |tn

unmo|w oxjchshl fnxs òl fmvh/ @w mw wanto jnsh gbh`sb} no |ah n|ahs

wmlh nf |ah gnbxjo" tahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh molmg`|hw ` w|s`mda| bmoh ls`to

ch|thho |ah unmo|w noh òl whvho" |ah wthbbmod nf |ah gnbxjo nggxsw

ch|thho unmo|w wmq òl |ashh9 òl |ahshfnsh" `| |ah unmo|w oxjchshl

fnxs òl fmvh" |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo mwwbmda|b} ch}nol |ah unmo| nf

mo|hswhg|mno nf |ah |tn bmohw |a`| th a`vh kxw| lhwgsmchl/ \amw tmbb mo

|ah j`mo lh|hsjmoh ` dhohs`b wgahjh fns `ssòdmod tm|a wnjh gnsshg|*

ohww |ah ho|`wmw nf |ah gnbxjo nx|bmoh nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" `b*

|anxda m| v`smhw wnjhta`| mo h`ga nf |ah lmffhsho| nbl hq`jubhw/

\ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo fnbbntw ` lmffhsho| w}w|hj/ \amw wa`f|

`bwn a`w on uns|mno nf m|w nx|bmoh |a`| mwu`s`bbhb

tm|a |ah `qmw nf |ah

gnbxjo" cx| |ah nx|bmoh mw `| `bb unmo|w jnsh oh`sb} u`s`bbhb |aò t`w

|sxh nf |ah Lnsmg wa`f|/ \amw mw on| nob} chg`xwh nf |ah wbmda| lmffhs*

hogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi òl c`wh" òl |ah

dsh`|hs ahmda|nf |ah gnbxjo" cx| `bwn chg`xwh |ah bnths uns|mno nf |ah wa`f| jnsh

oh`sb} ùusnqmj`|hw ` uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh |aò mo |ah h`sbmhs Nslhs/

@w th a`vh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl" mo noh mow|ògh |ahsh mw ` vhs} bmda|

chbb}no |ah Mnomg wa`f|" tahshc} m|w lm`jh|hs `| ` unmo| noh*|amsl |ah

ahmda| nf |ah wa`f| `cnvh |ah c`wh mw 7_ dsh`|hs |aò m| mw `| m|w bnths

lm`jh|hs/ \amw mw |ah hqghu|mno" anthvhs" òl |ah wa`f| wanto mo

Fmd/ 14 mw lmjhowmnohl `f|hs |ah jnsh dhohs`b Dshhi gxw|nj/

\amw wa`f| mw `bwn lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`b u`s|w" òl |ah bmoh nf |ah

lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi mw wh| nff no |ah gmsgbh hqushwwmod |ah ubò `| |ah

c`wh/ \ah lmw|ògh no |amw gmsgbh mw |aho lmvmlhl mo|n wmq hpx`b u`s|w"

òl mw oxjchshl gnsshwunolmodb} tm|a |ah lmvmwmnow no |ah wa`f| nf

|ah gnbxjo" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} lnoh mo tnsimod nx| |ah Lnsmg ho|`wmw/

\ah unmo|w lh|hsjmohl no |amw ubò nf |ah gnbxjo `| |ah c`wh `sh |aho

hq|holhl" `w chfnsh" xo|mb |ah} mo|hswhg| |ah bmohw lmvmlmod" `| smda|

òdbhw |n |ahj" |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo" tamga tmbb lh|hsjmoh |ah unmo|w

|asnxda tamga |ah gnbxjo nx|bmoh wanxbl u`ww/ \amw jh|anl lh|hs*

jmohw nf m|whbf |ah hq`g| mogsh`wh nf |ah #|xjcbh*anjh# nf |ah gnbxjo

mo m|w xuuhs uns|mnow/ \ah `sg lhwgsmchl c} |amw nx|bmoh ùusnqmj`|hw"

`b|anxda m| lnhw on| hq`g|b} gnmogmlh tm|a" ` a}uhscnbmg gxsvh/

\ah Dshhi Gnsmo|amò wa`f| a`w on wh| òl lh|hsjmohl ho|`wmw/

0<6




H`ga nf |ah |ashh hq`jubhw wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMMM fnbbntw ` lmffhsho|

jh&nl/ \ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah \hjubh nf |ah Tmolw

wanxbl ch b`ml nx| c} |ah Lnsmg jh|anl" |ah lmffhsho| hffhg| chmod dmvho

c} |ah gnju`s`|mvhb} wj`bb lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah

ohgi òl `| |ah c`wh" `w thbb `w c} |ah hq|s` ahmda| nf |ah wa`f| òl |ah

fnsj nf |ahgùm|`b/ \ah wa`f| fsnj |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw

fnbbntw vhs} oh`sb} |ah Mnomg jh|anl" lmffhsmod fsnjm|" anthvhs" mo

|a`| |ah bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah gnbxjo mw mo nx|bmoh jnsh oh`sb} u`s`bbhb

|n |ah bmoh nf |ah `qmw |aò |ah jh|anl th a`vh lhwgsmchl fns lh|hsjmo*

mod |ah Mnomg wa`f|/ \ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw fnbbntw

|ah jh|anl `f|hst`slw xwhl c} |ah Snjòw" |ah bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah

gnbxjo chmod w|s`mda| òl uhsuholmgxb`s" tm|a |ah nx|bmoh u`s`bbhb tm|a

|ah bmoh nf `qmw" tambh `cnvh |amw unmo| |ah lmjmox|mno mw lh|hsjmohl

c} |ah w`jh usnghww `w th hjubn}hl no |ah wa`f| nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo"

chmod shw|smg|hl mo m|w ùubmg`|mno" anthvhs" |n |ah xuuhs |tn*|amslw nf

|ah gnbxjo wa`f|/

DSHHI MO\HSGNBXJOM@\MNO

\ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf ` gnbnoo`lh mw |ah wu`gmod ù`s| nf |ah

gnbxjow" |ah lmw|ògh dmvho chmod |a`| mo |ah gbh`s ch|thho |ahj/

\ah lmw|òghw ch|thho |ah gho|hsw nf |ah gnbxjow `sh mov`sm`cb} noh

lm`jh|hs jnsh |aò |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno ns wu`gh ch|thho/

Lnsmg Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \ah wu`gmod nf `bb Lnsmg gnbxjow mw

lh|hsjmohl c} |ah bng`|mno mo |ah fsmh{h nf |ah |smdb}ua òl jx|xbh"

|ah gnbxjo mov`sm`cb} gnjmod choh`|a |ahwh nso`jho|w/ Mo |ah chw|

/Dshhi tnsi |ah gnbxjow `sh wn wu`ghl |a`| |ahsh mw cx| noh |smdb}ua

nvhs |ah nuhomod ch|thho |ahj9 òl |amw `ssòdhjho| mw |hsjhl

jnon|smdb}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \ahsh `sh ` fht mow|òghw tahsh

|ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno a`w chho mogsh`whl wn |a`| |tn|smdb}uaw

gnjh mo |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" taho m| mw ionto `w lm|sm:

db}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ \amw xw`dh mo |sxh Dshhi tnsi mw vhs}

s`sh" hqghu| mo wnjh wxga wuhgm`b mow|ògh `w |a`| wanto mo |ah

Usnu}bwh`

`| @|ahow Fmd/ 11-" tahsh" mo nslhs |n dh| |ah tml|a ohghw*

w`s} fns wxga ò mjuns|ò| ho|sògh t`}" |ah |tn gho|hs gnbxjow `sh

dmvho |amw tmlh wu`gmod/ \ah Dshhiw" `w a`w `bsh`l} chho w`ml"

ub`ghl |ah |smdb}ua `| |ah vhs} gnsohs nf |ah fsmh{h9 òl" `w |ah jh|nuh

mw mov`sm`cb} wpx`sh" m| |aho chgnjhw mjunwwmcbh fns |ah gho|hs nf |ah

|smdb}ua |n gnjh nvhs |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo mo hm|ahs hbhv`|mno" `w

0<4




|ah ub`gmod nf |ah b`||hs mo shb`|mno |n òl mo ubòh tm|a |ah f`gh nf |ah

fsmh{h `cnvh mw ` jnsh mjuns|ò| gnowmlhs`|mno/ \amw g`xwhw |ah

gnbxjow `| |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod |n gnjh gbnwhs |n h`ga n|ahs |aò

ò}tahsh hbwh `bnod |ah gnbnoo`lh" òl |ah hffhg| m|whbf mw ohm|ahs

xoubh`wò| ons vhs} ùu`sho|" |amw hq|s` w|shod|ahomod nf |ah gnsohs

nf |ah cxmblmod ns |ah hol nf |ah gnbnoo`lh whhjmod o`|xs`b òl |n ch

lhjòlhl c} |ah h}h nf |ah ncwhsvhs/ C} `d`mo shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 11"

|ah f`=`lh nf |ah Usnu}bwh` `| @|ahow fnsjmod ` wmq*gnbxjohl ho|sògh

j m x j m m A m

Fmd/ 11/ \ah Usnu}b`h`" @|ahow/

uns|mgn" |ah xwx`b jh|anlw nf wu`gmod |ah Dshhi Lnsmg nslhs mw `jub}

mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah gho|s`b wu`gh9 |ah usmogmu`b ho|sògh |n |ah @gsnunbmw

`cnvh" lhjòlhl ` tmlhs nuhomod |aò |a`| dmvho c} |ah jnon|sm*

db}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" |ahshfnsh |ah cxmblhsw vhs} o`|xs`bb} mo*

gsh`whl |amw gho|hs nuhomod c} jìmod |ah wu`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow lm|sm*

db}uamg/\ah |tn wu`ghw no hm|ahs wmlh nf |amw `sh b`ml nx| no |ah

shdxb`s jnon|smdb}uamg w}w|hj nf mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" `w tmbb ch sh`lmb}

whho 9tambh |ah |tn nx|wmlh wu`ghw" gnjmod `| |ah gnsohs nf |ah cxmbl*

0<1



LH\@MBWFSNJ

GANS@DMDJNO

UB@\H QBMQ/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h




DSHHI/+LNSMG

mod" shpxmsh |ah gbnwhs ub`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" no `ggnxo| nf |ah |sm*

db}ua mo |ah fsmh{h nggxssmod `| |ah òdbh/

\amw w}w|hj nf wu`gmod mw s`|ahs mo|hshw|modb} wanto mo Fmd/ 1="

tahsh m| tmbb ch on|mghl |a`|" tm|a |ah hqghu|mno nf |ah \hjubh nf

Uambmu"ò hq`jubh nf wj`bb wm{h

òl gnju`s`|mvh xomjuns|ògh"

`bb nf |ah n|ahs thbb*ionto

cxmblmodw tanwh gnbxjo wu`gmod

mw |ahsh mbbxw|s`|hl mo ubò `sh

wanto |n a`vh jnon|smdb}uamg

mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ N f gnxswh"

xwmod `w gbnwh ` wu`gmod nf ah`v}

gnbxjow `| ` wj`bb wg`bh `w |amw

shpxmshw" dmvhw vhs} bm||bh tml|a

ch|thho |ahj9 òl mo |amw hqghu*

|mno |ah \hjubh nf Uambmu-" hvho

tm|a lm|smdb}uamg mo|hsgnbxjom`*

|mno" |ahsh mw w|mbb wnjh|amod bhww

|aò whvho fhh| gbh`s nuhomod9

tambh" mf |ah xwx`b wu`gmod a`l

chho hjubn}hl" |ahsh tnxbl a`vh

chho nob} `cnx| fnxs fhh|" `w

wanto mo |ah wj`bb \hjubh nf

@unbbn mo |ah w`jh mbbxw|s`|mno/

Mnomg Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/

\ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ah

Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs mw wanto mo

fnxs thbb*ionto hq`jubhw mo Fmd/

=5" `f|hs |ah w`jh f`wamno `w mo

|ah mbbxw|s`|mno nf Dshhi Mnomg

wu`gmod/ Taho shbmhvhl fsnj |ah

a`juhsmod shw|smg|mnow nf |ah

jx|xbh*|smdb}ua wu`gmodnf |ah

Lnsmg nslhs" th mjjhlm`|hb} fmol Fmd( d=/

jnsh lmvhsdhogh mo |ah shb`|mvh

ub`gmod nf |ah gnbxjow" `b|anxda" mo |ah |tn hq`jubhw wanto fsnj |ah

Hshga|ahxj noh nf |ah Ons|a Unsga" ns Uns|mgn |n |ah \hjubh nf

Jmohsv` Unbm`w" mo tamga fnxs gnbxjow thsh hjubn}hl9 òl |ah n|ahs

080




+ DSHHI/+ MNOMG* _

*MO\HSkGNBXJOb@\bPO_

fsnj |ah wmq*gnbxjohl ho|sògh |n |ah h`w| th fmol `| nogh |ah wj`bb*

hw| òl |ah dsh`|hw| lmw|ògh ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" |ah fnsjhs chmod

wu`ghl ù`s| no gho|hsw hmda| jnlxbhw ns fnxs lm`jh|hsw" bh`vmod òmo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf |ashh lm`jh|hsw mo |ah gbh`s" tambh |ah b`||hs `sh

wu`ghl wmq jnlxbhw ns |ashh lm`jh|hsw no gho|hsw" tm|a ò mo|hsgnbxj*

om`|mno nf |tn lm`jh|hsw/ Mo u`s| |amw lmffhshogh j`} ch `ggnxo|hl

fns c} |ah f`g| |a`| |ah

tmlhs òl f`||hs uhlm*

jho| nf |ah b`||hs hq`j*

ubh shpxmshw jnsh ùu`s*

ho| wxuuns|" `w xolnxc|*

hlb} tnxbl ch |sxh/ @w

|ah Dshhiw a`l |ah dnnl

|`w|h |n `vnml ub`gmod `

gnbxjo choh`|a |ah gho*

|hs nf ` uhlmjho| tamga

tnxbl ch xoo`|xs`b

tahsh"`w mo |amw

mow|ògh"ò ho|sògh lnnst`}gnjhw no |ah gho|hs bmoh

nf |ah uhlmjho| |ah}

thsh gnjuhbbhl |n mo*

gsh`wh |ah oxjchs nf

gnbxjow fsnj fnxs |n wmq/

Ohvhs|ahbhww" |ah Ons|a

Unsga Ub`|h QBMV-"

tm|a m|w tmlhs mo|hsgn*

bxjom`|mno" shj`mow `

jnsh ubh`wmod hq`jubh

nf usnuns|mno`|h wu`gmod |aò |ah usmogmu`b ho|sògh uns|mgnno |ah

w`jh cxmblmod/

Gnsmo|amò Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" Fsnj |ah fht hq`jubhw nf |ah

xwh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs bhf| xw

c}

|ah Dshhiw" m| tnxbl ch mokxlmgm*

nxw |n lhlxgh ò} dhohs`b sxbh fns |ahms mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno" mo`wjxga

`w h`ga hq`jubh mw ò molmvmlx`b wnbx|mno nf ` wuhgm`b usncbhj/ Mo

|ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" |ah wu`gmod nf wmq jnlxbhw òl wmq u`s|w

no gho|hsw t`w hjubn}hl 9cx| m| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw jnox*

jho| t`w gmsgxb`s mo ubò òl |ah tanbh Nslhs vhs} wj`bb mo wg`bh" |ah

* \HJUBH NO\**0BB82WXW *

Fmd/ =5/

083



HUML@VS58

DSHHILNS0N@OL$GLSL\MM@O_NSLHSW+

UB@\H B/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h B/-




fmsw| f`g| hwuhgm`bb} a`vmod ` vhs} mjuns|ò| ch`smod no |ah mo|hsgnbxj*

om`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w9 tambh |ahms chmod hod`dhl |n |ah t`bb

wxsf`gh chamol mw `bwn ò mjuns|ò| f`g|ns/ Mo |ah \nths nf |ah/

Tmolw" |ah gnbxjow `sh xwhl |n wxuuns| ` wj`bb lnnst`} uhlmjho|

`f|hs ` jnsh jnlhso |`w|h" òl |amw hq`jubh mw |ahshfnsh pxm|h tns|a*

bhww mo |amw gnoohg|mno/ Mo |ah gmsgxb`s \hjubh nf Huml`xsnw" th

a`vh òn|ahs mow|ògh nf |ah Dshhi xwh nf |amw Nslhs9 cx| |amw `bwn a`w

` wuhgm`bwh| nf `||holò| gmsgxjw|òghw" |ah |hjubh chmod snxol mo

ubò"òl |ah Gnsmo|amò nslhs chmod xwhl no |ah mo|hsmns9 tambh"

`b|anxda

|ah gnbxjow `sh lh|`gahl fsnj |ah cbòi t`bb chamol |ahj"

|ahsh mw mo sh`bm|} nob} ` vhs} o`ssnt whu`s`|mod `jcxb`|ns} ns u`ww`dh*

t`}/ Mo |amw mow|ògh |ah gnbxjow thsh wu`ghl ù`s| no gho|hsw

oh`sb} whvho jnlxbhw" tm|a ò mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno nf fmvh jnlxbhw ns

|tn òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/

DSHHI @O\@H NS UMB@W\HSW

Lnsmg Umb`w|hsw/ \ah ubò `lnu|hl c} |ah Dshhiw mo |ahms Lnsmg

|hjubh w|sxg|xshw" t`w noh |a`| tnxbl ohghww`smb} mogsh`wh |ah mj_

uns|ògh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w" òl shpxmshl ` wa`su lhj`sg`|mno

ch|thho |ah fbx|hl gnbxjow òl |ah gno|s`w|mod ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh/

Mo |ah h`sb} |hjubhw tm|a ò ho|sògh unsga" |ah wmlh t`bbw thsh g`ssmhl

fnst`sl" òl |ahms holw thsh fmomwahl c} ùmb`w|hs |sh`|jho| no |ahms

fsno|" sh|xsomod no |ah |tn wmlhw9 tambh |tn gnbxjow thsh ub`ghl ch*

|thho |ahj/ \ahwh wbmda|b} usnkhg|mod umb`w|hsw" |hsjhl ò|`h" xwhl

c} |ah Dshhiw" `sh hjubn}hl fns |ah jnw| u`s| xuno |ah holw nf t`bbw/

@o hbhv`|mno nf |ah fsno| nf wxga ` cxmblmod Ub`|h QQQV-" dmvhw xw

|ah hffhg| nf ò ho|sògh unsga gnjunwhl nf |tn gnbxjow òl |tn

umb`w|hsw"|ah b`||hs wxuuns|mod" no h`ga wmlh" |ah holw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

nvhsah`l/ Mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh |ahwh umb`w|hsw `sh whblnj xwhl mo

mjuns|ò| unwm|mnow"no `ggnxo| nf |ah hq|shjh mjuns|ògh dmvho |n

|ah gnbxjo" òl |ah shwxb|mod f`g| |a`| |ah Dshhiw wn `ssòdhl |ah

ubòw nf |ahms cxmblmodw `w vhs} whblnj |n shpxmsh |ah xwh nf ùmb`w|hs

mo ò} mjuns|ò| bng`|mno/ Nf gnxswh" chmod ub`ghl chamol ` whsmhw

nf gnbxjow mo |amw f`wamno tnxbl o`|xs`bb} sholhs |ahumb`w|hs vhs}

xonc|sxwmvh" òl |amw hffhg| t`w hjua`wm{hl c} m|w jòohs nf |sh`|*

jho| `w ` u`s| nf |ah ts`bb m|whbf/ \ah wa`f|w nf |ahwh

umb`w|hsw `sh

`bt`}w ub`mo" òl ohvhs dmvho ò} ho|`wmw" chmod |ah w`jh t\

ml|a `| |ah

|nu `w `| |ah cn||nj/ \ah gùm|`bw lmffhs vhs} s`lmg`bb} fsnj |ah

088



DSHHI"* *LNSMG.

Bwm

K<m

Fmd/ =0//



b

Fmd/ =3/ Dshhi Mnomg Umb`w|hsw/




gùm|`bwnf |ah gnbxjo" mo`wjxga `w |ah} gnowmw| nf jhshb} ` whsmhw nf

fmoh jnxblmodw chbnt |ah `c`gxw òl wh| no |nu nf noh ns jnsh f`wgm`w"

`w mo Fmd/ =0/ \ah gno|s`w| nffhshl c} |ah ub`mo wxsf`gh nf |ahwh umb`w*

|hsw |n |ah fbx|hl gnbxjow tm|a tamga |ah} `sh nslmo`smb} xwhl" mw vhs}

hffhg|mvh" tambh c} |ahms vhs} ga`s`g|hs" taho whho fsnj ò} lmw|ògh"

|ah} |hol |n chgnjh ` u`s| nf |ah t`bb |n tamga |ah} thsh `||`gahl/

GNXVJO

Fmd/ =7/ Gnju`s`|mvh Gnbxjo òl Umb`w|hs \sh`|jho|/

\ahwh umb`w|hsw `sh wnjh|mjhw dmvho ` c`wh |ah w`jh `w |ah gnbxjow"

cx| |ahms gù òl c`wh `sh jnsh gxw|nj`smb} fnsjhl c} |ah jnxblmodw

tamga `sh

ub`ghl

`| |ah c`wh òl|nu

nf |ah t`bb

`d`mow|

tamga |ahwh

ò|wh `sh ub`ghl/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |ah} dhohs`bb} a`vh ` ub`mo

usnkhg|mod ubmo|a c`wh" tm|a on jnxblmodw" `b|anxda wnjh|mjhw |ah

wa`f| lhwgholwlmshg|b} |n |ah w|}bnc`|h ns ub`|fnsj" `w mo |ah gnbxjo

nf |ah w`jh Nslhs/

Mnomg Umb`w|hsw/ Tm|a |ah Mnomg gnbxjo |ah Dshhiw hjubn}hl

081




jò} lmffhsho| |}uhw nfumb`w|hs gùm|`bw" wnjh chmod vhs} hb`cns`|h

mo |ahms fnsj òl nso`jho|`|mno/ \ah Mnomg ò|wh" |ah w`jh `w |ah

Lnsmg ò|wh" a`vh fns |ahms c`whw |ah bmohw nf |ah c`wh nf |ah t`bbw9 òlfns |ah gsntomod jnxblmodw nf |ahms gùm|`bw" |ah jnxblmodw `sh gnvhshl

tm|a nso`jho|w" hddw*òl*l`s|w" ch`lw òl shhbw" anoh}wxgibhw" h|g/

\ah gùm|`bnf |ah Mnomg ò|wh shghmvhw fsnj |ah wgannb nf U}|amxw

wgxbu|xshl lhgns`|mnow nf dsh`| v`smh|}/ \ah chw| |}uh mw xolnxc|hlb}

|a`| tamga th fmol xwhl mo |ah Hshga|ahxj" tm|a |ah v`smnxw hq`jubhw

nf |ah Mnomg nso`jho|hl gùm|`b òl gnbxjo tamga th a`vh `bsh`l}

mbbxw|s`|hl/ \tn nf |ahwh umb`w|hsw`sh wanto mo Fmd/ =3/ \ahwh ò|`h

Fmd/ =</

gùm|`bw`sh jnxblhl òl g`svhl pxm|h hb`cns`|hb}" tambh `bnod |ah

wxsf`gh nf |ah fsmh{h mo h`ga mow|ògh sxow |ah w`jh |sh`|jho| `w mw

xwhl |n `lnso |ah ohgi nf |ah `ggnjuò}mod gùm|`b/ \ahwh umb`w|hsw

`sh dmvho ` jnxblhl c`wh" jxga |ah w`jh `w |a`| hjubn}hl no |ah

gnbxjow" `b|anxda |ah jhjchsw `sh nso`jho|hl tm|a jnsh ansm{no|`b

bmohw |aò `sh xwhl no |ah gnbxjo c`wh/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ahwh

umb`w|hswfnbbnt |ah w`jh dhohs`b |sh`|jho| `w |anwh xwhl tm|a |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs9 òl |ah} wanxbl ch gnju`shl" mo `bb |ah hq`jubhw

mbbxw|s`|hl" tm|a |ah gnbxjow" wanto hbwhtahsh" tm|a tamga |ah} thsh

xwhl/

Fmd/ =7 wantw wmlh c} wmlh ` gnju`s`|mvh gnbxjo òl umb`w|hs

|sh`|jho| fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Jmohsv` `| Usmhoh/ \amw mbbxw|s`|hw

|ah wm{h nf |ahumb`w|hs

`w shd`slw |ah gnbxjo lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi òl

c`wh/ @w tmbb ch whho" m| ùusnqmj`|hw ` jhò ch|thho |ahwh |tn

lmjhowmnow/ \ah gùm|`bnf |ah umb`w|hs mw wanto noh*a`bf no h`ga

wmlh nf |ah gho|hs bmoh" |n molmg`|h |ah |sh`|jho| cn|a nf |ah hol òl nf

|ah f`gh/ \ah w`jh |sh`|jho| t`w ùubmhl |n |ah wpx`sh lh|`gahl

08=




gnbxjow nsumhsw hjubn}hl mo |amw |hjubh/ Mo Fmd/ =< `sh wanto |ah

hol òl f`gh nf ùmb`w|hs gù fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn `| Jmbh|xw/

\ahwh umb`w|hsw" h`ga nso`jho|hl lmffhsho|b}" thsh xwhl `||`gahl |n `

Fmd/ =8/

t`bb wxsf`gh" òl thsh gnoohg|hl tm|a h`ga n|ahs c} ` g`svhl òl

nso`jho|hl fsmh{h/ \ah hol nf |ahumb`w|hs" |ahshfnsh" mw wa`bbnt mo

tml|a òl lhu|a" òl nob} |ah f`gh mw shd`slhl mo shfhshogh |n |ah

gnbxjo tml|a/

065




Gnsmo|amò Umb`w|hsw/ Nf |ah xwh nfumb`w|hsw

tm|a |ah Dshhi

Gnsmo|amò Nslhs" th a`vh nob} noh `x|ansm|`|mvh mow|ògh |a`| nf |ah

\nths nf |ah Tmolw `| @|ahow/ \ahsh mw on umb`w|hs xwhl tm|a |ah

Gnsmo|amò Nslhs no hm|ahs nf |ah n|ahs hq`jubhw" |ah Jnoxjho| nf

B}wmgs`|hw ns |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw9 òl mo |amw hq`jubh fsnj |ah

\nths nf |ah Tmolw" mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ =8" |ah umb`w|hs t`w xwhl" nob}

no h`ga wmlh nf |ah ho|sògh lnnst`} |n shghmvh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh sh*

|xsomod fsnj |ah wj`bb uhlmjho|hl unsga" tamga mw jnshfxbb} wanto

mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mno nf |amw cxmblmod mo Fmd/ 4</

HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HWMo `llm|mno |n |ah fnbbntmod hq`jmo`|mno

ub`|hw"|ah w|xlho|

mw `lvmwhl |n jìh wxga wih|gahw ns ls`tmodw nf |ah lmffhsho|

u`s|wnf |ah Nslhs fsnj |ah lhwgsmu|mnow

òl shfhshoghw mo |ah |hq|

`w tmbb ho`cbh amj |n |ansnxdab} xolhsw|òl |ahms lmffhsho|u`s|w

òl |ahmsdhohs`b

fnsjw òlusnuns|mnow/

\ah fnbbntmod ub`|hw`sh |n ch ls`to nx| |n |ah shpxmshl

wm{hw" `w molmg`|hl mo |ah fnbbntmod whg|mno/ \ahub`|hw

wanxbl ch

g`shfxbb}òl |ansnxdab} ls`to nx| mo

uhogmbchfnsh `||hju|mod |n

moi |ahj mo/ @bb |ahb`sdh ub`|hw

`sh |n ch ls`to no ` a`bf*wahh|

nf W|s`|ajnsh wjnn|a*fmomwa ns Ta`|jò$wan|*ushwwhl ls`tmod

uùhs"tm|a |ah cnslhs bmoh b`ml nx| |n |ah wm{h

dmvho"03 c} 06_

mogahw9 òl |ah uùhs wanxbl ch |smjjhl tm|a ` a`bf*moga cnslhs

nx|wmlh |amw bmoh" jìmod |ah uùhs wm{h nf |ah fmomwahlub`|h

07 c}

04*r mogahw/

\ah jh`wxshjho| fmdxshw dmvho no |ah v`smnxw ub`|hw j`} chnjm||hl fsnj |ah ls`tmodw j`lh c} |ah w|xlho|/

\ah |m|bhw nf |ahub`|hw

`sh |n ch bh||hshl" dhohs`bb} wuhìmod"

mo |ah w`jh f`wamno `w |ahbh||hsmod

no |ahusmogmu`b ls`tmodw mbbxw*

|s`|mod|ah fnshdnmod whg|mno/ \ah w|xlho| wanxbl fmsw| ch g`sh*

fxb |nub`gh uhogmb dxmlh*bmohw

`| |ah|nu

òl cn||nj nf amw bh||hsw"

cn|a fnsgùm|`bw

òl wj`bb bh||hsw/

\ah l`|h" |ah w|xlho|$w o`jh òl `llshww" òl |ahub`|h

oxj*

chs wanxbl ch bh||hshl no h`ga ub`|h mo noh*bmoh bh||hsw" wxga `w `sh

xwhl mo |ah |m|bh nf Fmd/ 47/

UB@\H @

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw `

ub`|h wantmod Dshhi jnxblmod whg|mnow/ \amwub`|h

mw |n mogbxlh

060




`bb |ah jnxblmodw lhwgsmchl mo |ah |hq| no u`dhw 05= |n 0079 òl ah

mw |n bh||hs h`ga jnxblmod tm|a m|w usnuhs o`jh/ Ah mw |n x|mbm{h

jnxblmodw fsnj |ah ub`|hwmbbxw|s`|hl mo |amw

Mow|sxg|mno Uùhs"òl j`} `ssòdh

|ahj mo |ahdhohs`b f`wamno wanto mo

Fmd/ <6"

nc|`momodòn|ahs uhsuholmgxb`s snt nf jnxblmodw mo `llm|mno |n

|ahhmda|

mbbxw|s`|hl mo |a`| gx|/

UB@\H C

@o nslhsub`|h wantmod |ah Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo òl ho|`c*

b`|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QQQVMMM" mw |ah whgnol

hq`jmo`|mno ub`|h shpxmshl/ \amwub`|h j`} ch

g`shfxbb} gnumhl

c} |ah w|xlho|" tm|a |ah nx|bmoh hob`sdhlòl ls`to |n |ah wm{h nf

03 c} 06K mogahw/

UB@\H G

\ah w|xlho| wanxbl ls`t nx| |ah gnjubh|h Dshhi Lnsmg gnb*

xjo `| m|w ho|msh ahmda|"`w wanto mo Ub`|h QQQ]MM" `| |ah wm{h

nf |ah wj`bb lh|`mb nf |ah gù `| |ah cn||nj nf |amw w`jhub`|h/

UB@\H L

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t |ah f`g`lh nf |ah Usnu}b`h` no ` ub`|h

03 c} 06r mogahw mo wm{h" òl mw |n mogbxlh whg|mnow nf |ahusmogmu`b

jnxblmodw òl ` lh|`mb nf |ahgùm|`b" wxuub}mod amw whg|mnow" h|g/"

fsnj |ah mofnsj`|mno dmvho no |ahub`|hw mbbxw|s`|mod

|ah Lnsmg

Nslhs/ \ah f`g`lh nf |ahUsnu}bwh`

mw wanto moFmd/ 11 `| ` wj`bb

wg`bh/ \amw mw |n ch hob`sdhl" sh|`momod|ah w`jh

usnuns|mnow/

UB@\H H

@onslhs

ub`|h wantmod|ah Dshhi Mnomg gnbxjo òl ho|`cb`*

|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QBM" mw |ah fmf|a hq`jmo`|mno

ub`|h shpxmshl/ \amwub`|h j`} ch gnumhl c} |ah w|xlho|" tm|a |ah

nx|bmoh hob`sdhl òl ls`to |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw/

UB@\H F

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| `| |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw noh

ns |ah n|ahs nf |ah Mnomggùm|`bw

wanto mo Ub`|hw QBMM ns QBMMM"

njm||mod |ah jh`wxshjho|fmdxshw

|ahsh dmvho/

UB@\H P

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw |ah

lh|`mb fsnj |ah Hshga|ahxj wanto no Ub`|h QBV" |ìmod wuhgm`b

u`mow |n sh|`mo |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah jnxblmod whg|mnow òl g`svmod

wanto mo |ahnsmdmo`b/

063




UB@\H A

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| no ùb`|h

03 c} 06K mogahw mo

wm{h" ` Dshhi Mnomg uhlmjho|hl f`g`lh nf fnxs ns wmq gnbxjow/ M|

mw wxddhw|hl |a`| ah |ìh noh nf |ah unsgahw nf |ah Hshga|ahxj fns

` jnlhb/ \amw cxmblmod mw wanto mo ubò moFmd/ 649 tambh |ah

lh|`mbw nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `sh wanto mo Ub`|h QBV" òl |ah gnbxjo

mw ls`to nx| |n `b`sdh wm{h mo Ub`|h QQQVMM/ \ah ons|a unsga

nf |amw cxmblmod mw fxs|ahs wanto mo Ub`|h QBMV òlFmd/ 61/

UB@\H K

@o nslhs ub`|h wantmod |ah Dshhi Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo òlho*

|`cb`|xsh `f|hs |ah f`wamno wanto mo Ub`|h QBVMM" mw |ah omo|a

hq`jmo`|mnoub`|h shpxmshl/ \amw ub`|h j`} ch hob`sdhl òl

gnumhl c} |ah w|xlho| tm|amo |ah nx|bmoh wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw/

UB@\H I

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Lnsmg gnbxjow

òl ho|`cb`|xshw fsnj |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw wanto mo Ub`|hw

QBVMMM òlB" wantmod

|ah gnbxjow `| |ahms fxbb

ahmda|"

òl mo*

gbxlmod no wnjhu`s|

nf |ah ls`tmod |ah |ashh whg|mnow nf nso`*

jho| wanto `| |ah cn||nj nf Ub`|h B/ Whg|mnow nf |ah |tn

ho|`cb`|xshw wanxbl ch mogbxlhl/

UB@\H B

\ah Dshhi Lnnst`} fns |ah Hshga|ahxj" wanto mo Fmd/ 1<"

mw |n ch ls`to no ùb`|h

03 c} 06_ mogahw mo wm{h" òl |n mogbxlh

mo |ah lnns nuhomod |ah lh|`mbw wanto moFmd/

17 `| lnxcbh |ah

wm{h |ahsh ls`to/ \ahwh lh|`mbw `sh |n ch mowhs|hl moub`gh

nf |ah

tmolnt wanto moFmd/

1</

067



SNJ@O GNOW\SXG\MNO/



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSWU@S\ MMM/

@SGAM\HG\XSH NF \AH SNfb@OW

Nsmdmo nf Snjò @sgam|hg|xsh/ Tambh |ah `sgam|hg|xsh nf Hd}u|"

`w thbb `w |a`| nf n|ahs h`sb} gmvmbm{`|mnow" usnc`cb} gno|smcx|hl |nt`sl

|ah w|}bh|a`| t`w hvho|x`bb} usnlxghl òl lhfmohl c} |ah Dshhi `s|*

mw|w" |ah Snjòw" c} |ahms gnopxhw| nf Dshhgh" `| nogh `gpxmshl ` xom*

fmhl òl uhsfhg|hl `sgam|hg|xsh `| `bjnw| |ah fxbb ahmda| nf m|w lhvhbnu*

jho|/ On| nob} thsh |ah cxmblmodw òl `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw |ahjwhbvhw

uhsfhg|hl"cx| |ah} thsh |aho chmod usnlxghl c} |ah lhwmdohsw" `sgam*

|hg|w" òl `s|mw|w tan" `w jhjchsw nf |ah wxckxd`|hl o`|mno" chg`jh

|ah wxckhg|w nf |ah jnsh unthsfxb s`gh/

\axw |ah Snjòw chg`jh unwwhwwhl nf ` uhsfhg|hl" mf hqn|mg"

`sgam|hg|xsh9 òl th gòon| |ahshfnsh ch wxsusmwhl |n fmol |a`| |ah

h`sb} Snjò cxmblmodw thsh nf|ho Dshhi" mo cn|a |ahms lhwmdo òl

tnsijòwamu/ \amw `sgam|hg|xs`bw|}bh" `b|anxda wnno uhsjòho|b}

`ffhg|hl mo m|w lhvhbnujho| c} Snjò gmvmbm{`|mno" }h| `| fmsw| wanthl

cx| wbmda|b} |ah mofbxhogh nf |ah `s|w nf n|ahs fnshmdo o`|mnow ns s`ghw/

\ah noh on|`cbh hqghu|mno t`w `w shd`slw |ah Snjò `lnu|mno nf |ah

`sga `w |ah jnw| mjuns|ò| w|sxg|xs`b usmogmubh nf |ahms cxmblmodw/

\ah @sga òl V`xb|/ Mo |ìmod xu |ah usndshww nf `sgam|hg|xsh

`| |ah uhsmnl taho |ah Dshhiw òl n|ahs h`sb} o`|mnow }mhblhl |n |ah

wxgghhlmod sxbmod s`gh" |ah Snjòw9 |ah lmffhshogh mo |ah vm|`b usmo*

gmubhw xolhsb}mod |ah w|sxg|xs`b hbhjho|w nf |ahwh |tn uhsmnlw jxw| ch

|ansnxdab} xolhsw|nnl/ \asnxdanx| |ah Dshhi tnsi th fmol |a`|

|ah bmo|hb ns wxuuns|mod ch`j nf tnnl ns w|noh whhjw |n ch |ah nob}

jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno xuno tamga |ah} lhuholhl |n ò} hq|ho|/

\ahSnjòw"

no |ahgno|s`s}" `lnu|hl

|ah `sgawhh Fmd/ =6-

|n

g`ss}`gsnww `bb nuhomodw 9

òl |ah} fxs|ahs hq|holhl m|w xwh" mo |ah fnsj nf `

v`xb|" |n |ah gnvhsmod nf snnjw ns vnmlw tamga |ah} lhwmshl |n snnf mo/

\ah usmogmubh nf |amw v`xb|hl `sga |ah} a`l hvmlho|b} cnssnthl lm*

shg|b}fsnj |ah H|sxwgòw9 ` uhnubh nf @wm`|mg nsmdmo bmvmod mo ons|ahso

M|`b} wnjh |ho ns |thbvh gho|xsmhw chfnsh Gasmw|/

068




KHG\MNO

\ah `sga m|whbf l`|hw c`gi |n ` jxga h`sbmhs uhsmnl/\ahsh `sh

hq`jubhw mo Hd}u| nf csmgi c`sshb v`xb|w gnjunwhl nf |ashh smodw nf

vnxwwnmsw" cxmb| `cnx| 7855 C/ G/9 cx| |ah H|sxwgòw" c} |ahms xwh nf

gx| w|noh mow|h`l nf csmgi fns |amw

uxsunwh" hvmlhoghl ` jxga

amdahs hodmohhsmod wimbb" `| bh`w|

wn f`s `w ò xolhsw|òlmod nf

w|hshn|nj} t`w gnoghsohl/ \amw

w`jh uhnubh gno|moxhl |n hjubn}

` fnsj nf gnow|sxg|mno gnowmw|mod

nf nvhsbùumod b`}hsw nf w|noh*

tnsi" tamga j`} nob} molmg`|h

|ah |sòwm|mno fsnj |ah bmo|hb |n

|ah `sga usmogmubh"ns tamga j`}

a`vh chho lhvmwhlwnbhb} |n mjm*

|`|h |ah mo|hsmns ùuh`sògh nf `

sngi*gx| |njc/ \amw w`jhFm

W*=6 *

+

wgahjh" th iont" t`w xwhl c}

|ah Hd}u|mòw" @ww}smòw"òl Uhb`wdmòw" `b|anxda m| mw chw| wanto

mo |ah H|sxwgò |njcw9 òl" chg`xwh nf |ah b`sdh wm{h nf |ah cbngiw nf

w|noh hjubn}hl" m| mw fshpxho|b} shfhsshl |n `w #G}gbnuhò# j`wnos}/

\ahwh |njcw" snxol mo ubò" thsh gnow|sxg|hl nfb`}hsw nf w|noh*

tnsi" h`ga b`}hs usnkhg|mod nvhs |ah b`}hs ohq| chbnt" xo|mb|ah} jh|

`| |ah gsnto ns ùhq nf |ah shwxb|mod v`xb|/ \amw gmsgxb`s gnow|sxg|mno

t`w |aho gnvhshl tm|a h`s|a ns ds`vhb" òl |ah òdbhw nf |ah w|noh no

|ah mo|hsmns thsh lshwwhl lnto |n ò hvho wxsf`gh" wxddhw|mod c} m|w

nx|bmoh |ah whdjho| nf ò `sga" `w wanto mo Fmd/ =4/ \ahwh |njcw

thsh cxmb| c} |ah Uhb`wdmg s`gh moM|`b} usnc`cb} ch|thho |ah }h`sw 0155

òl 0855 C/ G/9 cx| m| shj`mohl fns |ah H|sxwgòwfmo`bb} |n lhfmoh |ah

usmogmubhnf |ah vnxwwnmshl `sga nf w|nohtnsi/ \amw

usmogmubh |ah

Snjòw cnssnthl òl usnc`cb} lhvhbnuhl |n ` jxga amdahs lhdshh

|aò a`l hvhs chho gnowmlhshl unwwmcbh c} m|w nsmdmo`|nsw/

C} `lnu|mod |amw usmogmubh" |ah Snjòw whblnj shpxmshl |ah gnb*

xjo `w ` wxuuns| fns |ah bmo|hb mo |ah t`} |a`| |ah Dshhiw a`l ahsh*

|nfnsh xwhl m|9 òl" `w |ah `sga shpxmshl ` ah`vmhs òl w|snodhs wxu*

uns|mod jhjchs |aò |ah gnbxjo mo nslhs |n shwmw| |ah |asxw| tamga m|

nsmdmo`|hl òl |sòwjm||hl" |ah} thsh gnjuhbbhl |n shvhs| |n |ah jnsh

066




wnbml umhsnf j`wnos} fns |amw uxunwh" tamga `| nogh j`|hsm`bb} jnlm*

fmhl |ah ùuh`sògh nf |ahms cxmblmodw/ Whh fsno|mwumhgh/-

Gnjcmo`|mno nf @sga òl Bmo|hb Gnow|sxg|mno/ \ah Snjòwjnshnvhs" `gpx`mo|hl tm|a |ah

gmvmbm{`|mno òl |ah `sgam|hg|xsh

nf |ah Dshhiw" lhjòlhl ` jnsh

`sgam|hg|xs`b hffhg| |aò a`l w`|*

mwfmhl |ah H|sxwgò cxmblhsw9 òl

|ahshfnsh |ah} `lù|hl |n |ahms

nto uxsunwh |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b

fnsjw òl Nslhsw nsmdmo`|hl c}

|ah Dshhi `s|mw|w" òl hvho xwhl

|ahj fns nso`jho|mod |ah n|ahs*

tmwh ub`mo t`bb wxsf`ghw nf |ahms

v`smnxw w|sxg|xshw" mo ` t`} |a`|

|ah Dshhiw a`l ohvhs lnoh/

\ah} hjubn}hl ` gnbxjo" ns u`s*

|m`b

gnbxjo" ub`ghl `d`mow|`

ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh ns hod`dhl"

`w m| mw g`bbhl" |n |ah t`bb chamol9

`w mo |ah \`cxb`smxj" tahsh ò

`sg`lh no |ah wmlh |nt`slw |ah

\? " m*m Fmd/ =4/ Ansm{no|`b òl Vhs|mg`b Whg|mno

Fnsxj t`w lhgns`|hl tm|a ho* nf Uhm`Wdmg @sga gnow|sxg|mno/

SNJ@O@@WH +NF*@SGA*@OL *UMHS.

Fmd/ =1/

d`dhl Lnsmg gnbxjow" g`ss}mod ò ho|`cb`|xsh/ \amw mw |ah h`sbmhw|

Snjò mow|ògh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Nslhsw mo |amw f`wamno" òl l`|hw

064




fsnj `cnx| 41 C/ G/ \ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw Fmd/ 037-" mo

tamga |ah gnbxjow thsh hod`dhl" tm|a ` ub`mo t`bb wxsf`gh ch|thho"

`f|hs |ah f`wamno unwwmcb} wxddhw|hl c} noh ns |tn nf |ah h`sbmhs

Dshhi w|sxg|xshw" mw nf ` l`|h h`sbmhs |aò |ah `sg`lh nf |ah

\`cxb`smxj/

@ shfhshogh |n Fmdw/ =1 òl == tmbb want |ah s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho|

ùuh`sògh dmvho c} |axw ùub}mod ò Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh `w ò

Fmd ==/

nso`jho| xuno |ah f`gh nf ` jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno gnjubh|h mo m|whbf/

Mo Fmd/ =1 mw wanto ` wmjubh `sg`lh wxuuns|hl no ub`mo umhsw @" Fmd/

055-9 òl mo Fmd/ == mw ls`to nx| ` wmjmb`s `sg`lh nso`jho|hl c} |ah

ùubmg`|mno nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |n |ah f`gh nf |ahwh ub`mo umhsw" `f|hs

|ah f`wamno wanto mo ubò `| C" Fmd/ 055/

\amw xwh nf |ah Nslhs usnlxghw ò hffhg| vhs} lmffhsho| fsnj |a`|

nf |ah noh ns |tn hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf `||`gahl gnbxjow `bsh`l} hq*

mw|mod mo Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh" `b|anxda m| mw usnc`cbh |a`| |ahwh j`}a`vh wxddhw|hl |ah ùubmg`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo |n |ah f`gh nf ` ub`mo t`bb9

` jh|anl nf tamga |ah Snjòw a`l `bsh`l} `v`mbhl |ahjwhbvhw mo |ah

\hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw `| Snjh/ \amw hq`jubh j`} h`wmb} a`vh

chho gnumhl fsnj |ah wmjmb`s xwh nf |ah Nslhs mo |ah b`sdh \hjubh nf

Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @dsmdho|xj" ns mo |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw

`| @|ahow/

Mo cn|a |ahwh Dshhi w|sxg|xshw |ah gnbxjow `sh ùu`sho|b} ubò|hl

061



C`wmbmg` nf |ah Dm`o|w" \hjubh nf [hxw" @dsmdho|xj" Wmgmb}/

Wantmod Dshhi #hod`dhl# gnbxjow/




`d`mow| |ah f`gh nf ` gnoohg|mod gxs|`mo t`bb/ @w ` j`||hs nf f`g|" |ah

gnbxjow `sh ho|msh mo cn|a |ahwh cxmblmodw" |ah t`bb m|whbf chmod cxmb|

xu ch|thho òl chamol |ahj" tm|a |ah f`gh anbbnthl nx| wn `w |n

shghmvh |ah wa`f|" |axw wxddhw|mod

|ah `llm|mno nf |ah t`bb `| ` b`|hs

uhsmnl `w ` wgshho ch|thho |ah

gnbxjow tm|anx| `ffhg|mod |ah

bmo|hbusmogmubh xuno tamga |ah

cxmblmod t`w usnc`cb} fmsw| lh*

wmdohl/ Mo |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs

Nb}juxw" |ah `llm|mno nf |amw t`bb

t`w usnc`cb} j`lh ohghww`s} c}

|ah f`g| |a`| |ah |shjholnxw wg`bh

nf |ah cxmblmod j`lh |ah wuò

gnvhshl c} |ah bmo|hb nf ` bhod|a

|nn dsh`| |n ch g`ssmhl w`fhb}mo

|amw f`wamno" òl wn |ah t`bb t`w

mo|snlxghl `w ò`llm|mno`bjh|anl nf wxuuns|/ Unwwmcb}

wnjh|amod nf |amw fhhbmod j`}a`vh g`xwhl |ah xwh nf |ah t`bb

ch|thho |ah gnbxjow mo |ah Jno*

xjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" |anxda fns

lmffhsho| sh`wnow/ \ah ubò nf

|amw jnoxjho| chmod gmsgxb`s" m|

j`} a`vh chho |anxda| |a`| |ah

nvhsaòdmod usnkhg|mno nf |ah ho*

|`cb`|xsh ch|thho |ah wxuuns|mod gnbxjow tnxbl thìho |ah bmo|hb"

hm|ahs `g|x`bb} ns ùu`sho|b}" wn |a`| m| jmda| shpxmsh `llm|mno`b wxu*

uns| `| m|w unmo| nf dsh`|hw| usnkhg|mno/

Cx| |ah lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah xwh nf |ah gnbxjo mo |amw f`wamno"

`||`gahl |n ` ub`mo gxs|`mo t`bb" òl m|w xwh ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah f`gh nf `

umhs

ch|thho `sgahw" `w |ah gnbxjo t`whjubn}hl

mo |ah `sg`lhw nf |ah

\`cxb`smxj òl b`|hs mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw òl |ah Gnbnwwhxj"

wxddhw|w ` dsh`| `lvògh mo |ah `sgam|hg|xs`b hffhg|mvhohwww nf m|w xwh

òl mo m|w gbnwh mlho|mfmg`|mno tm|a |ah jnsh gnow|sxg|mvh `sgam|hg|xsh

nf |ah Snjòw" hvho |anxda |ahsh mw cx| wbmda| lmffhshogh mo |ah usmo*

gmubhnf m|w ùubmg`|mno/

Fmd/ 055/ @ Snjò Umhs/

Hod`dhl Gnbxjo òl Umhs/




Cx| mo ò} hvho|" |ah gnbxjo" `w |axw xwhl c} |ah Snjòw mo

|ahms `sgam|hg|xsh" gò whblnj ch gnowmlhshl `w ò mjuns|ò| w|sxg*

|xs`b fh`|xsh/ M| lnhw on| hvho `g| `w ` cx||shww |n shwmw| |ah |asxw|

hqhs|hl xuno |ah hq|hsmns t`bbw c} |ah mo|hsmns `sgahw snnfmod |ah snnjw

ns gnssmlnsw/

\ah Snjòw jxw| fmsw| a`vh xwhl ` gno|moxnxw òl uxshb} w|sxg*

|xs`b `sg`lh nf `sgahw |xsohl `d`mow| h`ga n|ahs òl shw|mod no ah`v}

j`wnos} umhsw"`w mo |ahms `pxhlxg|w Fmd/ 050

-/\amw xolnxc|hlb}

usnvhl jnon|nonxw mo hffhg|9 òl wn |ah gnbnoo`lh t`w wmjub}

Fmd/ 05>/ Uno| lx D`sl" Omjhw/

ds`f|hl xuno m|w wxsf`gh" |ah gnbxjow chmod h`ga ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah

gho|hs nf ùmhs/

\ah gnbnoo`lh wanto mo Fmd/ ==" ls`to `ggnslmod

|n |ah sxbh nf Vmdonb`" tnxbl ch jnsh ubh`wmod mf |ah ub`mo wxsf`gh mo

|ah c`} ch|thho |ah |ashh*px`s|hs*hod`dhl gnbxjow chbnt |ah ho*

|`cb`|xsh òl `cnvh |ah bmoh nf |ah ohgimod a`l chho njm||hl" |axw

`bbntmod |ah bnths bmoh nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh |n ch lsnuuhl |n |ah ahmda|

nf |ah ansm{no|`b bmoh wanto lmshg|b} nvhs |ah `sgamvnb| ns c`giaòl

nf |ah `sga/

Xwh nf Wxuhsmjunwhl Nslhsw/ @wmlh fsnj |ahms `wwmjmb`|mno nf



\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" Snjh/

Wantmod Snj`o xwh nf hod`dhl `ol wxuhsmjunwhl gnbxjm




|ah `sgausmogmubh fsnj |ah H|sxwgò cxmblhsw" òl |ahms xwh nf |ah

Dshhi*lhvhbnuhl Nslhs `w ` jhsh nso`jho| ùubmhl no |ah f`gh nf ò

`sga*wxuuns|hl t`bb" |ah Snjòw fxs|ahs v`smhl mo noh mjuns|ò|

u`s|mgxb`s |ahms hjubn}jho| nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhs/ Tahsh |ah

Dshhiw" `bjnw| tm|anx| hqghu|mno" a`l xwhl noh gnbxjo hvho nf

dmdò|mg wm{h tahsh ohghww`s} |n g`ss} fsnj ` bnt c`whjho| nsw|}bn*

c`|h |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh |a`| `g|hl `w |ah gsntomod jhjchs nf |ah cxmbl*

mod" `w thbb `w nf |ah Nslhs xwhl no m|w hq|hsmns f``lh9 |ah Snjòw

lml on| ahwm|`|h |n wxuhsmjunwh noh Nslhs xuno òn|ahs" jìmod |tn

ns jnsh w|nsmhw" noh nvhs |ah n|ahs" h`gag`ss}mod

`

gnjubh|h

Nslhs

xuno m|w f`gh/ \ah lhsmv`|mno nf |amw mlh` mw unwwmcb} |s`gh`cbh |n

wnjh nf |ah Dshhi |hjubhw" mo tamga ` whgnol Nslhs t`w wnjh|mjhw

xwhl no |ah mo|hsmns |n wxuuns| |ah d`cbhl snnf gnvhsmod |ah w|sxg|xsh"

òl" mogmlho|`bb}"|n `ljm| nf ` amdahs gho|s`b `mwbh/ Fns |amw uxsunwh

|ah} xwhl hm|ahs wj`bb gnbxjow" `w `| Uwhw|xj |ah Nslhs mw ahsh |ah

w`jh mow|}bh

òl |sh`|jho| `w |ah noh chbnt" chmod jhshb} wj`bbhs

mo wg`bh-" ns" jnsh nf|ho" ` axjò fmdxsh ub`ghl xuno |ah f`gh nf `

ub`mo umhs/ \ah mlh` nf wxuhsunwm|mno" `w lhvhbnuhl c} |ah Snjòw"wnno chg`jh ò mjuns|ò| u`s| nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b |sh`|jho|9 òl

mo |ah b`|hs shvmv`b nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh tamga nggxsshl lxsmod |ah

Sho`mwwògh" |amw jh|anl nf |sh`|jho| t`w fshpxho|b} xwhl/

Xwh nf Nslhsw fns Whgxb`s Cxmblmodw/ \ah Snjòw" mo |ahms xwh

nf |ah Nslhs" hjubn}hl m| jxga jnsh dhohs`bb} |aò lml |ahms ushlh*

ghwwnsw9 fns" tambh |ah Dshhiw shw|smg|hl m|w xwh wxcw|ò|m`bb} |n |ah

|hjubhw hshg|hl fns |ah tnswamu nf |ahms v`smnxw dnlw" |ah Snjòw lml

on| ahwm|`|h |n xwh |ah w`jh `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw fns cxmblmodw lhvn|hl

wnbhb} |n ubh`wxsh ns fns |ah lthbbmodw nf |ahms sxbhsw/

Ubò nf Snjò \hjubhw/ \ah Snjòw fnbbnthl" mo |ahms |hj*

ubhw" |ah dhohs`b fnsj `bsh`l} xwhl mo |ah Dshhi tnsi" `b|anxda |ah}

whhjhl jnshu`s|m`b |n gmsgxb`s cxmblmodw |aò thsh |ah Dshhiw/ \ah

gmsgxb`s |hjubhw j`} a`vh chho wxddhw|hl c} |ah H|sxwgò |njcw" òl

|ah w}w|hj hjubn}hl fns |ahms snnf v`xb|mod lnhw wnjh|amod |n w|shod|a*

ho |amw mlh`/ \ah wmjubh" shg|òdxb`s Dshhi ubò |ah} `bwn v`smhl òlhb`cns`|hl c} `llmod òl gnjcmomod n|ahs shg|òdbhw mo|n b`sdhs

dsnxuw" tm|a |ah shwxb| |a`| |ah Dshhi wmjubmgm|}nf hffhg| t`w wnno

ho|mshb} bnw|/

Mo Snjh" no `ggnxo| nf |ah shw|smg|mnow mo bng`|mno ngg`wmnohl c}

|ah wj`bb `sh` nf |ahgm|}

`v`mb`cbh fns |ah uxsunwh" òl |ah nvhs*gsntl*




mod nf |amw `sh` tm|a jnoxjho|`b cxmblmodw nf hvhs} imol" |ah usmogmu`b

|hjubhw whblnj `||`mo |ah lhvhbnujho| nf ubò dmvho c} |ah Dshhiw

|n |ahms |hjubh w|sxg|xshw/ \ah Snjò cxmblmod mw `bjnw| mov`sm`cb}

whho nob} fsnj ` unmo| lmshg|b}mo fsno|9 òl |amw `ggnxo|w fns |ah

dsh`|hs mjuns|ògh dmvho c} |ah Snjòw |n |ah ho|sògh uns|mgn" m|w

mogsh`whl lhu|a òl dsh`|hs oxjchs nf gnbxjow" òl |ah gnju`s`|mvhb}

wbmda|`||ho|mno chw|nthl no |ah wmlhw òl sh`s nf |ah cxmblmod/ \ah

ubò `bwn" mo lhu|a" vhs} whblnj `||`mow |n |ah lmjhowmnow nf |ah bhww

shw|smg|hl Dshhi |hjubh ubòw9 òl m| mw mjuns|ò|" mo hw|mj`|mod |ah

Fmd/ 057/ Mo|hsmns nf |ah Uò|ahno" Snjh/

hffhg| nf |ah Snjò |hjubh `sgam|hg|xsh" |n gnjushahol on| nob} |ah

shw|smg|mno nf m|w ubò"cx| `bwn m|w shb`|mno |n |ah wxssnxolmod `sgam*

|hg|xsh" òl hwuhgm`bb}|n |ah o`|xs`b ns `s|mfmgm`b shw|smg|mnow mjunwhl

c} |ah gno|nxs nf |ah dsnxol tahsh m| t`w ub`ghl/

\ah Snjòw nf|ho hjubn}hl |ah bmo|hb usmogmubhwnf |ah Dshhiw

mo |ahms xwhnf gnbxjow fns

unsgahw`| |ah ho|sògh |n |ahms

cxmblmodwòl |hjubhw" ns |n wxuuns| ` t`bb nvhs ` shghww/ Cn|a nf |ahwh g`whw

`sh thbb wanto mo |ah hq|hsmns òl mo|hsmns |sh`|jho| nf |ah Uò|ahno

`| Snjh Fmdw/ 053 òl 057-" mo tamga `sh gnjcmohl |ah gmsgxb`s |hj*

ubh"`| ` dmdò|mg wg`bh" tm|a |ah uhlmjho|hl unsga ns ghbb` nf ` gn*

bxjo`s" shg|òdxb`s hlmfmgh/




\ah uns|mgnnf |ah Snjò |hjubh t`w dhohs`bb} ùusn`gahl c} `

fbmda|nf

w|huw"òl usnc`cb} m| t`w |ah b`gi nf wu`gh mo fsno| nf |ah

cxmblmod |a`| fmsw| ngg`wmnohl |ahwh w|huw chmod g`ssmhl mo xolhs |ah

uns|mgnm|whbf òl ch|thho |ah gnbxjow/ \amw tnxbl ngg`wmno ` wns| nf

cx||shww" ns usnkhg|mno nf |ah ub`|fnsj" mo nslhs |n wxuuns| |ah gnbxjo

tm|a m|w c`wh no ` bhvhb tm|a |ah j`mo fbnns nf |ah unsga" òl tnxbl

wxddhw| mo fsno| hbhv`|mno- |ah hffhg| nf ` uhlhw|`b ub`ghl xolhs |ah

gnbxjo/

\ah Snjò \ah`|hs/ \ah Dshhi |ah`|hs òl w|`lmxj" wm|x`|hl

`w |ah} `bt`}w thsh no |ah o`|xs`b wbnuh nf wnjh ambb" lhjòlhl on

gnowmlhs`|mno nf hq|hsmns |sh`|jho|" cx| s`|ahs ` omgh whbhg|mno òl xwh

nf |ah o`|xs`b gno|nxs nf |ah dsnxol/ \ah Snjòw" no |ah n|ahs aòl"

lmwshd`slhl ho|mshb} |ah wh||mod nf |ahms cxmblmodw mo wxga ` o`|xs`b

`juam|ah`|hs" òl cxmb| |ahj tm|anx| ò} gnowmlhs`|mno nf |ahms gno*

fnsj`|mno |n |ah bòlwgùh/ \amw gxw|nj shpxmshl ` |sh`|jho| nf

wnjh wns| fns |ah honsjnxw wgshho nf t`bb xwhl |n wxuuns| òl hogbnwh

|ah |mhsw nf wh`|w fns |ah wuhg|`|nsw/ @w ` shwxb| th a`vh wxga mjushww*

mvh

jnoxjho|w`w |ah

Gnbnwwhxjmo

Snjhòl |ah

@juam|ah`|hsw`|

@smhw òl n|ahs ub`ghw/

\ah Dshhiw hshg|hl wnjh cxmblmodw nf gnowmlhs`cbh wm{h" hvmlho|b}

mo|holhl |n ch xwhl `w d}jo`wmxjw òl a`vmod c`|aw `w ` jmons u`s|

nf |ah ubò/ \ahwh cxmblmodw j`} mo |xso a`vh whsvhl `w |ah fmsw| wxd*

dhw|mno fns |ah honsjnxw C`|aw `f|hst`slw gnow|sxg|hl c} |ah Snjòw/

Wnjh nf |ah jnw| mo|hshw|mod Snjò shj`mow `sh |ah sxmow nf |ahwh

C`|aw" nf tamga m| mw `bjnw| mjunwwmcbh |n d`mo ò} `lhpx`|h mlh` nf

|ahms mjjhowh wm{h òl j`domfmghogh" hvho fsnj |ah g`shfxb shw|ns`*

nf |ah `sga`hnbndmw|w/

\ah C`wmbmg`/ \ah ubò nf |ah c`wmbmg` ns/ Snjò b`t gnxs| t`w

`f|hst`slw `lnu|hl c} |ah Gasmw|mòw `w |ah `ssòdhjho| chw| wxm|hl

fns |ahms ub`ghw nf tnswamu"òl m| mw jnw| mow|sxg|mvh |n |s`gh |ah ds`lx`b

dsnt|a nf |amw wmjubh ubò mo|n |ah gnbnoo`lhl gsnww fnsj |a`| `f|hs*

t`slw chg`jh gxw|nj`s}/

Ga`s`g|hs nf Snjò @sgam|hg|xsh" Snjò `sgam|hg|xs`b jno*

xjho|w `sh `bb mjcxhl tm|a ` fhhbmod fns |shjholnxw wm{h" ` w|s`momod

`| j`domfmghogh" `bjnw| ` |ah`|smg`b hffhg|9 òl `sh unjunxw òl dsò*

lmnwh mo gno|s`w| |n |ah tnsi nf |ah ushghlmod gmvmbm{`|mno" mo tamga

shfmohjho| òl |`w|h" mow|h`l nf ` fhhbmod fns wm{h ns lmwub`}" thsh |ah

jnw| lmw|modxmwamod ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw/



M Ag1 \7

UM!8

M ?

0 =



MMW An d>




\amw lmffhshogh mo ga`s`g|hs g`xwhl ` gnsshwunolmod lmffhshogh

mo |ah hffhg| nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh" tamga t`w hjua`wm{hl c} |ah

dsh`|hs mogbmo`|mno nf uhlmjho| òl w|hhuhs um|ga nf |ah snnf9 ò mj*

ushwwmnotamga t`w fxs|ahs w|shod|ahohl òl lhfmohl c} |ah

|n|`bb}

lmffhsho| ga`s`g|hs òl |sh`|jho| mo ubò òl nf Snjò g`svmod òl

lh|`mb/

\ah fmsw| Snjò cxmblmodw thsh xolnxc|hlb} hshg|hl c} Dshhi

tnsijho" xolhs |ah wxuhsvmwmno nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|w" |n jhh| |ah lh*

jòlw nf |ahms gnopxhsnsw/ \amw mwh`wmb} usnvhl c} |ah ga`s`g|hs

nf `bb |ahwh

h`sb}shj`mow" wxga `w |anwh `| Gns`" `|

Unsouhmm"òl

mo |ah

n|ahs h`sb} Snjò gm|mhw/ B`|hs" anthvhs" taho |ah `g|x`b tnsijò*

wamu t`w uhsaùw bhf| |n |ah hqhgx|mno nf wb`vhw" wnjh|mjhw Dshhi òl

wnjh|mjhw nf n|ahs nsmdmo" tm|anx| usnuhs wxuhsvmwmno" òl taho |ah

`sgam|hg|xs`b ushghlho|w fxsomwahl c} |ah Dshhiw a`l chgnjh jnsh

shjn|h" `w |n lmw|òghw nf cn|a |mjh òl ub`gh9 ` dhohs`b lhg`lhogh mo

`sgam|hg|xs`b uxsm|}" hqhjubmfmhl c} |ah b`gi nf shfmohjho| mo lhwmdo"

chg`jh hvhs}tahsh ushv`bho| |asnxdanx| |ah Snjò Hjumsh òl |ah

gnxo|smhw xolhs m|w mofbxhogh/

\ah unju òl bxqxs} tamga a`l nvhs|ìho |ah o`|mno hqushwwhl

m|whbf `sgam|hg|xs`bb} mo |ah nvhs*bxqxsmògh nf g`svmod òl nso`jho|"

shushwwhl ohm|ahs c} |`w|h" shfmohjho|" ons gnowmlhs`|mnow nfhquhowh"

|a`| vhs} wnno chg`jh ga`s`g|hsmw|mg nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/ \amw

ga`s`g|hs pxmgib} hvmlhoghl m|whbf |asnxdanx| `bb |ah gnbnomhw òl

lhuholhogmhw nf |ah Hjumsh" òl `ffhg|hl |ah n|ahstmwh bng`bhqushw*

wmno nf |ah ushv`mbmod `sgam|hg|xs`bw|}bh

o`|mvh |n |ah lmw|smg|/ M| t`w

|amw |holhog} |a`| t`w shwunowmcbh fns |ah hvnbx|mno nf |ah Nslhs

|hsjhl |ah Gnjunwm|h" tamga t`w `lù|hl fsnj |ah Gnsmo|amò fnsj

tm|a |ah wnbh mo|ho|mno nf `bbntmod ò hqgxwh fns jnsh nso`jho| òl

g`svmod |aò hvho |a`| hb`cns`|h Nslhs wxuubmhl/

Mo |amw lhg`lhogh" wmda| t`w wnno bnw| nf `bb |ah moahsho| o`|xs`b hq*

ushwwmno hjcnlmhl mo |ah Dshhi Nslhsw `| |ah |mjh taho |ah Snjòw

nvhsg`jh òl `sshw|hl |ah usndshww nf Dshhi gmvmbm{`|mno9 òl gno*

whpxho|b}m|

wnno chgnjhw lmffmgxb| |n |s`gh |ah dsnt|a nf |ah Snjògnbxjo fsnj hm|ahs w|noh ns tnnl chdmoomodw/ \ah gnbxjo" mo `||`mo*

mod |n `shdxb`sm|}

nf|}uh" fshpxho|b} chgnjhw gnbnsbhww òl fb`ggml"

òl a`w bnw| jxga momolmvmlx`bm|} òl ga`s`g|hs/ \amw ds`lx`b

vxbd`sm{`|mno t`w `||holhl" anthvhs" tm|a ò mogsh`whlwxsh|} òl

f`gmbm|}mo |ah hjubn}jho| nf |ah v`smnxw gnjunwm|mnow nf gnbxjow òl




gnbnoo`lhw/ \ah vhs} usnghww nf shlxgmod |ah Nslhsw |n ` #sxbh.$$

tm|a m|w mohvm|`cbh bnww nf `s|mw|mg hqushwwmno" }h| g`xwhl |ahj |n `||`mo

ò`vhs`dh

|a`|

j`lh|ahms

xwh unwwmcbh tm|a ` ghs*

|`mo|} nf on| dnmod f`s

tsnod c} molmvmlx`bw nf

molmffhsho| dhomxw ns `sgam*

|hg|xs`b |s`momod/

\amw ds`lx`b lhdho*

hs`|mno mw thbb hqhjubmfmhl

mo |ah gx||mod nf |ah fbx|*

mod nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/

Tahsh |ah Dshhiw xwhl

|ahms chw| modhoxm|} mo hj*

ua`wm{mod" wa`suhomod" òl

csmodmod nx| |ah s`mwhl

`ssmw tamgawhu`s`|hw |ah

fbx|modw

nf |ahms gnbxjow"

|ah Snjòw" c} g`shbhww

gx||mod" wnno `bbnthl |ah

fbx|hw |n chgnjh wa`bbnt"

tm|a |ah shwxb| |a`| |ah

fmbbh| hldhw thsh on| wa`su*

b}lhfmohl òl |ah ho|msh

wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo bnw|

jxga nf m|w ga`s`g|hs/ @|

|ah w`jh |mjh |a`| |ah

g`svmod nf |ah jnxblmod

f`ghw bnwhw mo ga`s`g|hs

òl ch`x|} nf lh|`mb" m|

dsntw jnsh xomo|hshw|mod"

òl mo f`g| jhòmodbhww"

òl mw xwhl tm|a bhww lmw*

gsmjmo`|mno" fhhbmod" òl

gnjjno whowh" xo|mb |ah

g`svmod mw hvho|x`bb} wn

ub`ghl `w mo jnw| mo*

w|òghw |n lhw|sn} òl gnofxwh |ah jhòmod nf |ah v`smnxw jnxblmod

nx|bmohw" |ahjwhbvhw ont jxga lhc`whl mo |}uh/




\ah Snjò jnxblmod whg|mnow fnbbnthl |ah w`jh gnxswh/ W|`s|*

mod tm|a |ah shfmohl Dshhi nx|bmoh" |ah} chg`jh gn`swh" òl sùmlb}

lh|hsmns`|hl/ Tahsh |ah Dshhi lhjòlhl ` fmoh ds`l`|mno òl wxc*

|mb|}nf gno|nxs" |ah Snjò t`w w`|mwfmhl tm|a csn`l gno|s`w|w nf cb`gi

òl tam|h" nf wxobmda| òl wa`lnt" tm|a bm||bh wxc*ds`l`|mno nf |noh

ns shfmohjho| mo nx|bmoh/ \ah shwxb| mwh`wmb}

|s`gh`cbh |asnxdanx| `bb

Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/ \ah nx|bmoh nf |ah hgamoxw jnxblmod nf |ah

Dshhi Lnsmg gnbxjo" `| fmsw| mjm|`|hl c} |ah Snjòw" wnno bnwhw m|w

ga`s`g|hs" xo|mb" mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" m| mw on|amod jnsh ons bhww |aò `

gsxlh px`s|hs*snxol mo whg|mno/ \ah vnbx|h nf |ah Snjò Mnomg gù*

m|`b mw gsxlh taho gnju`shl tm|a |ah shfmohl jnxblmod òl jnsh

jmox|h tnsimod nx| nf m|w Dshhi usn|n|}uh/ M| t`w cx|ngg`wmno`bb}

|a`|" mo |ah g`svmod nf wnjh cm| nf hb`cns`|h lh|`mb" |ah ubh`wxsh nf |ah

`s|mwò mo hqushwwmod amw wimbb g`xwhl amj |n usnlxgh ` lhwmdo nf mo|hs*

hw| òl ga`sj Fmd/ 05<-9 cx| |amw nso`jho| mw `bjnw| mov`sm`cb}

dmvho ` o`|xs`bmw|mg |sh`|jho|" pxm|h `| v`smògh tm|a |ah jnsh lhgn*

s`|mvh òl gnovho|mno`b sholhsmod tm|a tamga |ah Dshhiw holnthl

hvho |ah wmjubhw| cm|w nf |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho|/Mo `lnu|mod |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" |ah Snjòw thsh hvmlho|b} jxga

jnshu`s|m`b |n |ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò fnsjw9 |ah b`||hs" hwuhgm`bb}"

|ah} xwhl mo jò} lmffhsho| cxmblmodw/ @w |ah Dshhiw a`l `bsh`l}

wnbvhl |ah usmogmu`b usncbhjw nf |ah Nslhsw" |ah Snjòw" mo tnsimod

nx| |ahms bng`b òl molmvmlx`b |}uhw"gnoghsohl |ahjwhbvhw jnsh mo

v`s}mod |ah lh|`mbw òl jnxblmodw |n wxm| |ahms nto mlh`w/

\ah ushghlho|w nffhshl c} |ah Snjò tnsi |n tamga th gò shfhs"

v`s} mo lh|`mb òl usnuns|mno mo ` jxga bhww lhdshh |aò t`w |sxh nf |ah

Dshhi Nslhsw/ \amw mw chg`xwh nf |ah f`g| |a`| |ah h`sbmhs cxmblmodw

thsh `bjnw| ho|mshb} lhw|sn}hl" ns |a`|" a`vmod `gghu|hl |ah Dshhi

Nslhsw `w ` c`wmw" |ah Snjòw g`shl |n jìh fht hquhsmjho|w hqghu|

mo tnsimod nx| jnsh hb`cns`|hb} |ah lh|`mbw nf |ah v`smnxw u`s|w/ M|

tmbb `bwn ch on|mghl |a`| |ah l`|hw nf hqhgx|mno nf Snjò tnsi ln on|

fxsomwa |ah w`jh w|òl`sl fns kxldmod nf m|w jhsm| `w t`w `bjnw| mo*

v`sm`cb} ùubmg`cbh

mo |ah g`wh nf Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh/ Wnjh Snjò

tnsi nf b`|h l`|h vmhw mo hqhgx|mno tm|a |a`| nf |ah chw| h`sb} uhsmnlw

mo m|w usnuns|mnow" j`wwmod" òl gnjunwm|mno nf jhjchsw òl lh|`mbw/

\ahsh `sh gnju`s`|mvhb} fht hq`jubhw wantmod |ah Snjò xw`dh

nf |ah Lnsmg òl Mnomg Nslhsw" shj`momod mo ò}tahsh oh`s ` gnj*

ubh|h w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno" mo Snjh m|whbf9 tambh nf |ah cxmblmodw mo




Gnsomgh/

Fs|h{/h

@sgam|s`vh

tamga |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw thsh xwhl" |ahsh `sh

jò} fmoh shj`mow/ Tah|ahs m| t`w |a`| |ah Snjòw `g|x`bb} cx|

whblnj xwhl |ahwhfnsjw"

nstah|ahs"

mo|ah gnow|ò| lhjnbm|mno nf

h`sbmhs tnsi c} h`ga wxgghhlmod Snjò sxbhs" |ahwh cxmblmodw thsh

hffhg|x`bb} lhw|sn}hl" m| mw ont

s`|ahs lmffmgxb| |nw`}/ Anthvhs"

|ah jò} gùm|`bw nf h`sb} Mnomg

lhwmdo xwhl mo b`|hs cxmblmodw"

want c} |ahms v`s}mod ga`s`g|hs

nf tnsijòwamu òl j`|hsm`b

|a`| |ah b`||hs `b|hso`|mvh j`}a`vh chho |ah `g|x`b g`wh/

\AH SNJ@O NSLHSW

\ah Snjò Nslhs mw usnu*

hsb} gnjunwhl nf |ashh u`s|w

|ah Gnbxjo" |ah Ho|`cb`|xsh" òl

|ah Uhlhw|`b" `w wanto mo Fmd/

058/ \ah uhlhw|`b mw nf|ho

njm||hl mo jnlhso tnsi9 òl

|ah |hsj Nslhs" `w a`w `bsh`l}

chho w|`|hl" j`} ch ùubmhl `w

thbb |n |ah gnbxjo òl ho|`cb`*

|xsh taho xwhl |ndh|ahs" `w |n |ah

gnjubh|h Nslhs/

H`ga nf |ah |ashh j`mo lmvm*

wmnow nf |ah Nslhs mw `bwn lmvmlhl

mo|n |ashh u`s|w/\ah gho|s`b

uns|mno nf |ah gnbxjo mw ionto `w

|ah wa`f|9 |ah bnths uns|mno mw

g`bbhl |ah c`wh9 òl |ah xuuhs

uns|mno"|ah gùm|`b ns gù/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh" tamga mw

F/

0P8 |a`| uns|mno nf |ah Nslhs nggxs*

smod nvhs |ah gnbxjo" mw gnjunwhl

nf |ah `sgam|s`vh ns ub`|h*còl" tamga shw|w xuno |ah gnbxjo òl

tamga mw m|whbf lmvmlhl mo|n whvhs`b còlw ns f`wgm`w9|ah fsmh{h

ns

ub`mo uns|mno" kxw| `cnvh" wnjh|mjhw lhgns`|hl tm|a wgxbu|xsh9òl




|ah gnsomgh ns usnkhg|mod u`s|" fnsjhl nf |tn j`mo lmvmwmnow |ah

chl_jnxbl òl |ah g}j`|mxj ns gù" |ah b`||hs |ah gsntomod jhjchs

mo|holhl |n |asnt nff |ah s`mo*t`|hs òl u`s|m`bb} usn|hg| |ah wmlhw nf

|ah cxmblmod fsnj |ah th`|ahs/

\ah uhlhw|`b mw gnjunwhl" bmih |ah n|ahs j`mo lmvmwmnow" nf |ashh

u`s|w |ah gho|s`b ub`mo uns|mno ionto `w |ah lmh ns l`ln9 |ah bnt*

hs usnkhg|mod u`s|"g`bbhl |ah c`wh9 òl |ah xuuhs usnkhg|mod u`s|" g`bbhl

|ah gù ns g}j`|mxj/ Jnw| nf |ahwh j`mo u`s|w `sh `d`mo wxc*

lmvmlhl mo|n jò} n|ahsw g`bbhl jnxblmodw ns jhjchsw" tamga `sh

fxs|ahs lhwgsmchl mo lh|`mb mo h`ga nf |ahub`|hw/

\ah \xwgò Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh fmvh Snjò Nslhsw" noh nf tamga

ionto `w |ah \xwgò Fmd/ 6" U`s| M- wanxbl ch ub`ghl chfnsh

|ah Lnsmg" òl mw nf jxga bhww mjuns|ògh |aò ò} nf |ah n|ahsw"

`b|anxda m| t`w ngg`wmno`bb} xwhl mo |ah bnths ns c`whjho| w|ns} nf `

cxmblmod/ \amw Nslhs j`} unwwmcb} a`vh chho ` gnjcmo`|mno nf

|ah Dshhi Lnsmg tm|a wnjh ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw |ìho fsnj |ah H|sxwgò

Nslhsw" `b|anxda" `w m| mw ont gnjunwhl" m| mw usnc`cb} jnw| b`sdhb}

` gsh`|mno nf |ah Sho`mwwògh" fnxolhl xuno wnjh nf |ah gsxlhs

shj`mow òl wmjubhs hquhsmjho|w c} |ah Snjòw mo |ah xwh nf |ah

Lnsmg Nslhs/

\amw \xwgò Nslhs j`} ch b`sdhb} lmwshd`slhl mo |ah ushwho|

|sh`|mwh" `w m|wunwwmcmbm|mhw

fns xwh mo jnlhso tnsi `sh vhs} bmjm|hl/

M| a`w whblnj chho xwhl wmogh Snjò |mjhw" `b|anxda ` fht dnnl hq*

`jubhw `sh fnxol `jnod |ah tnsiw nf |ah M|`bmò òl |ah Hodbmwa

Sho`mwwògh/ M| j`} ch jho|mnohl |a`| m|w noh mov`sm`cbh ga`s`g|hs*

mw|mg mw mo shd`sl |n |ah wa`f| nf |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" tamga mw `bt`}w ub`mo

òl ohvhs fbx|hl/ Mo f`g|" wmjubmgm|}mw |ah gamhf mo|ho|mno nf |ah

\xwgò Nslhs/ \ah jnxblmodw `sh |ahjwhbvhw wn fht" wn wmjubh"

òl wn b`sdh mo wm{h |a`| |ah hffhg| mw hvho `bjnw| mogbmohl |n ch noh nf

gsxlm|} s`|ahs |aò wmjubmgm|}/

\ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs/ \ah Snjòw `bwn movho|hl ò Nslhs

|hsjhl |ah Gnjunwm|h" ls`to nx| jnsh mo lh|`mb mo Ub`|hw BV òl

BVM"mo tamga ò

mo|hshw|mod

jh|anl nf

usnuns|mnomod

|ah v`smnxw

u`s|w nf |amw Nslhs mw wanto/ Kxw| `w |ah \xwgò gnbxjo j`} ch

gnowmlhshl `w jhshb} ` wmjubmfmhlfnsj nf |ah Lnsmg" wn |ah Gnj*

unwm|h Nslhs mw ` jnsh hb`cns`|h fnsj nf |ah Gnsmo|amò" òl t`w

xwhl nob} fns uxsunwhw nf hq|shjh lmwub`} òl nso`jho|`|mno/ \ah

dhohs`b usnuns|mnownf |amw Nslhs `sh `bjnw| hq`g|b} |ah w`jh `w




|anwh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò9 òl m|w jmons lh|`mbw" tambh wmjmb`s" `sh

hvho jnsh hb`cns`|hb} nso`jho|hl/ \ah gùm|`b mw ò hvmlho| gnj*

cmo`|mno nf |ah usmogmu`b Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò fh`|xshw" òl |ah ho*

|`cb`|xsh mw jnw|smgab}

jnxblhl òl g`svhl/

\ahwh v`smnxw Nslhsw h`ga shwxb|hl fsnj |ah gùsmgh nf |ah `bb*

gnopxhsmod Snjòw" tanwh lhwmsh t`w |a`| Snjh wanxbl jìh ò

ùu`sho| `lvògh nvhs |ah gmvmbm{`|mnow tamga wah a`l `cwnschl/

Vmdonb`/ Mo`wjxga `w m| mw fsnj |ah Snjò xwh nf |ah Nslhsw

|a`| th moahsm| |asnxda |ah jhlmxj" usmogmu`bb}"nf Vmdonb` nxs

ushwho| Gb`wwmg`b fnsjw" m| tmbb ch mo|hshw|mod |n gnowmlhs fns noh

jnjho| |ahshbm`cmbm|}

nf |amw `x|ansm|}" mo nslhs |n lh|hsjmoh ant

jxga lhuholhogh th wanxbl ub`gh xuno amw vhswmnow/

\ah dhohs`bb} `gghu|hl w|òl`slw mo Gb`wwmg`b Snjò tnsi `sh

|ah Nslhsw `w dmvho c} Vmdonb`/ Amw w|xl} nf Gb`wwmg`b `sgam|hg|xsh

t`w j`lh `cnx| |ah jmllbh nf |ah wmq|hho|a gho|xs} fsnj g`shfxb

jh`wxshjho|w nf |aho*hqmw|mod Snjò tnsi9 òl wmogh |a`| |mjh #\ah

Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh" `ggnslmod |n Dm`gnjn C`sn{{mnl` Vmdonb`"#

mo cn|a Hxsnuh òl @jhsmg`" a`w chho `gghu|hl `w |ah w|òl`sl

`x|ansm|}/ \ah fmsw| hlm|mno nf |amw cnni t`w uxcbmwahl mo Snjh mo

0867" òl t`w fnbbnthl c} n|ahs wmjmb`s uxcbmg`|mnow `ssòdhl c}

wxga jho `w U`bb`lmn" Wg`jn{{m" @bchs|m" Onsjòl" K`jhw Dmccw"

Wms Tmbbm`j Ga`jchsw" òl n|ahsw/ H`ga nf |ahwh `x|ansm|mhw" tambh

fnxolmod amw vhswmno nf |ah Nslhsw xuno |a`| nf Vmdonb`" a`w `bwn

j`lh wnjh jnlmfmg`|mnow mo |}uh òl lh|`mb" `lù|mod |ah Nslhsw" mo

u`s| xognowgmnxwb}" |n |ah gxw|nj òl a`cm| nf amw |mjh" `w thbb `w

mognsuns`|mod gaòdhw tamga amw nto hquhsmhogh òl us`g|mgh a`l wxd*

dhw|hl/ M| mw |ahshfnsh s`|ahs |n ch hquhg|hl |a`| |ah v`smnxw |}uh

fnsjw `lvng`|hl c} |ahwh j`w|hsw òl xwhl c} |ahj mo |ahms nto us`g*

|mgh `sh mo sh`bm|} Sho`mwwògh Nslhsw s`|ahs |aò Snjò nohw9 cx|"

mo`wjxga `w |ah} fnbbnt |ah Snjò s`|ahs |aò |ah Dshhi |}uh"|ah

fnsjhs |m|bh mw w|mbb csn`lb} ùubmg`cbh|n |ahj" tambh |ah |sxh Snjò

tnsi j`} ch||hs ch |hsjhl" fns uxsunwhw nf lmw|mog|mno" Gb`wwmg Snjò

`sgam|hg|xsh/

Xom| nf Jh`wxshjho| nf |ah Nslhsw/ Shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 056"

#\ah U`s`bbhb nf |ah Nslhsw"# m| tmbb ch unwwmcbh |n |ìh xu |ah gno*

wmlhs`|mno nf |ah j`mo lmvmwmnow nf |ah |ashh usmogmu`b Snjò Nslhsw/

\ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| mw `d`mo wxclmvmlhl mo|n |tn jnlxbhw ns

whjm*lm`jh|hsw/ \ah jnlxbh mw fxs|ahs lmvmlhl" mo |ah `ggnjuò}mod



*w|

*` *{ *|*




mbbxw|s`|mnow òl ub`|hw" wnjh|mjhw mo|n |thbvh u`s|w"fns |ah \xwgò

òl Lnsmg Nslhsw9 mo|n hmda|hho" fns |ah Mnomg" Gnsmo|amò" òl Gnj*

unwm|h9 òl wnjh|mjhw mo|n |ams|} u`s|w" `w mo |ah Dshhi tnsi/ \ahwg`bhw wanto no |ah ub`|hw `sh mo|hsgaòdh`cbh" òl j`} ch xwhl tm|a

hm|ahs w}w|hj" fmvh u`s|wnf |ah b`||hs hq`g|b} hpx`bmod |ashh u`s|w nf |ah

Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò hmda|hho lmvmwmnow" ns |tn u`s|w nf |ah |thbvh

lmvmwmnow nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah dhohs`b usnuns|mno nf |ah ahmda|w

nf |ah gnbxjow nf |ahwh fmvh Nslhsw mw ; mo |ah Snjò \xwgò Nslhs"

whvho lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" hmda| lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Mnomg

Nslhs" omoh lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw" |ho

lm`jh|hsw/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw `bt`}w noh*fnxs|a |ah

ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo9 |axw" mo |ah \xwgò Nslhs" m| mw noh òl |ashh*

fnxs|aw lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Lnsmg" |tn lm`jh|hsw9 mo |ah Mnomg" |tn òl

noh*fnxs|a lm`jh|hsw9 òl mo |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Gnjunwm|h" |tn òl

noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/ \amw dhohs`b w|`|hjho| nf |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah

fmvh Nslhsw wanxbl ch wxffmgmho|" `| bh`w| wn f`s `w shd`slw |ah fmsw| òl

b`w| nf |ah whsmhw9 cx| |ah |ashh usmogmu`b Nslhsw shpxmsh jnsh wuhgmfmg

gnowmlhs`|mno/@| |ah smda| nf |ah Snjò Nslhsw Fmd/ 056-" `sh wanto lmjho*

wmno bmohw j`sihl fns usnuns|mno`|h lmvmwmnow mo ahmda|" |ahwh lmvmwmnow

chmod lh|hsjmohl `ggnslmod |n |ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| molmg`|hl9 |ah

bh||hs L w|òlmod fns lm`jh|hs òl J fns |ah jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf

lm`jh|hs/ \ahwh |ashh gnbxjow `sh `bb nf |ah w`jh wm{h òl lmjhowmno

`| |ah c`wh" wn |ah xom| nf jh`wxshjho| |asnxdanx| mw nf |ah w`jh

bhod|a/

\ah Uhlhw|`b/ \ah Snjò Nslhsw `sh `bb wanto tm|a ` uhlhw|`b"

tamga mw ohvhs hjubn}hl tm|a ò} nf |ah Dshhi gnbxjow/ \ahwh uhl*

hw|`bw" mo |ah hq`jubhw wanto" dmvh |ah hffhg| nf chmod s`|ahs wbholhs

fns |ahms ahmda|/ \amw mw g`xwhl" mou`s|" c} |ah c`wh chmod wn o`ssnt"

òl |ah lmh ns gho|s`b ub`mo uns|mno" `w m| mw ahsh ls`to nx|" |nn amda/

Jò} `x|ansm|mhw ub`gh |ah gsnto jnxblmod nf |ah c`wh jxga amdahs

no |ah lmh |aò |ah noh ahsh fnbbnthl" òl x|mbm{h ` ub`mo ubmo|a

chbnt |ah c`wh*jnxbl |n |ìh

xu

|ah hq|s`

ahmda|/Dhohs`b Usnuns|mnow nf |ah Nslhsw/ \ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs

Fmd/ 056-" m| mw hvmlho| `| |ah fmsw| dbògh" mw s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj m|w

Dshhi usn|n|}uh/\amw ùuh`sw mo |ah jnxblmodw nf |ah gù" mo |ah

c`wh" mo |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" òl m|w |smdb}ua `ssòdh*

jho| òl |sh`|jho|/ \amw hq`jubh" |ìho fsnj Vmdonb`" mw wxuunwhl




|n a`vh chho wnjhta`|gbnwhb} `lù|hl c} amj fsnj |ah Lnsmg Nslhs

xwhl mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw `| Snjh9 `b|anxda ah hjcnlmhl

wnjh gnowmlhs`cbh gaòdhw fsnj |ah nsmdmo`b mo |amw `||hju| `| lh|hs*

jmomod `w`|mwf`g|ns} |}uh fnsj/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah gnbxjo

gùm|`b"

mogbxlmod |ah ohgimod" mw noh jnlxbh ns noh*a`bf lm`jh|hs/ \ah gnb*

xjo c`wh mw |ah w`jh ahmda|/ \ah ahmda| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn

lm`jh|hsw9 |ah `sgam|s`vh chmod noh jnlxbh" |ah fsmh{h chmod noh òl

noh*a`bf" òl |ah gnsomgh noh òl noh*a`bf jnlxbhw mo ahmda| òl |tn

jnlxbhw mousnkhg|mno/ \ah uhlhw|`b mw |tn òl fnxs*wmq|aw lm`jh|hsw

amda9tm|a ` c`wh nf fmvh*wmq|aw

jnlxbh"`gù

nf noh*a`bfjnlxbh"

òl

` lmh nf fnxs jnlxbhw mo ahmda|/

\ah Snjò Mnomg Nslhs" tm|a ` gnbxjo omoh lm`jh|hsw ns hmda*

|hho jnlxbhw mo ahmda|" a`w ` uhlhw|`b |ashh lm`jh|hsw amda9 nf tamga

fmvh jnlxbhw `sh shwhsvhl fns |ah lmh" noh*a`bf jnlxbh chmod fns |ah gù

òl c`whshwuhg|mvhb}/ Mo |ah gnbxjo |ah c`wh mw noh jnlxbh mo

ahmda|9 tambh |ahgùm|`b"

fsnj |ah ohgimod xu" mw |tn*|amslw nf `

jnlxbh amda" òl fsnj |ah cn||nj hldh nf |ah vnbx|h |n |ah |nu nf |ah

`c`gxw m| mw noh jnlxbh/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn òl noh*fnxs|a

lm`jh|hsw nvhs `bb" tamga ahmda| mw lmvmlhl `jnod |ah whu`s`|h u`s|w

`w fnbbntw; |ah `sgam|s`vh a`w noh òl noh*fnxs|a jnlxbhw9 |ah

fsmh{h" noh òl |ashh*fnxs|aw jnlxbhw9 òl |ah gnsomgh mw |tn

jnlxbhw amda òlusnkhg|w noh jnlxbh òl |ams|hho u`s|w/

\ah Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo mo Fmd/ 056 mw |ho lm`jh|hsw amda/ \ah

uhlhw|`b mw |ashh òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|" tm|a fmvh jnlxbhw

òl |ho

u`s|w`w |ah

ahmda|nf |ah lmh" |tn*|amslw nf ` jnlxbh fns |ah

c`wh" òl whvho*omo|aw nf ` jnlxbh fns |ah gù/ \ah c`wh nf |ah gnb*

xjo mw `d`mo noh jnlxbh mo ahmda|/ \ah gùm|`b mw |tn òl noh*|amsl

jnlxbhw amda/ @w tmbb ch whho" |ah hq|s` lm`jh|hs mo |ah ahmda| nf |ah

gnbxjo mw us`g|mg`bb} |ìho g`sh nf mo |ah chbb nf |ahgùm|`b/

\ah

ho|`cb`|xsh mw |tn òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw amda" ch`smod |ah w`jh

shb`|mnow |n |ah gnbxjo `w mo |ah |tn n|ahs Nslhsw9 òl nf |amw ahmda|"

noh òl noh*a`bf jnlxbhw `sh dmvho |n |ah `sgam|s`vh" noh òl noh*a`bf

jnlxbhw |n |ah fsmh{h" òl |tn jnlxbhw |n |ah gnsomgh" tamga mo |xso

usnkhg|w |tn jnlxbhw òl |tn u`s|w/

H@SB] SNJ@O LNSMG

@bb v`smh|mhw nf Snjò gnbxjow" n|ahs |aò |anwh lmw|mog|b}

j`sihl c} |ah lhwmdo nf |ahms gùm|`bw`w Mnomg" Gnsmo|amò" ns Gnj*




unwm|h"`sh |hsjhl \xwgò H|sxwgò-" xobhww m| mw ionto |a`| |ah

fsmh{h mw lhgns`|hl tm|a |smdb}uaw"tamga mo Snjò tnsi |axw `d`mo

chgnjh |ah lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs/

\ahsh `sh cx| |ashh mow|òghw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs mo

Snjh m|whbf" `b|anxda m| t`w nf|ho hjubn}hl mo Unjuhmm" @wm` Jmons"

W}sm`"òl Ons|ahso @fsmg`9 òl |ah fht n|ahs M|`bmò hq`jubhw `sh

`bjnw| mov`sm`cb} gmsgxjwgsmchl c} molmvmlx`b uhgxbm`sm|mhw mo h`ga

u`s|mgxb`s g`wh" òl `sh usnc`cb} |ah usnlxg| nf Dshhi tnsijho òl

gbnwhb} gnumhl fsnj Dshhi Lnsmg fnsjw/

Lmffhshogh ch|thho |ah Dshhi òl Snjò Lnsmg Nslhsw/ @bb |ah

Snjò nslhsw lmffhs mo |ah shb`|mno nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|w |n |ahms

lm`jh|hsw" cx| ` ghs|`mo `jnxo| nf shwhjcbògh mw |s`gh`cbh |n |ah

h`sbmhs Dshhi fnsj mo cn|a |ah Mnomg òl |ah Gnsmo|amò/ \amw mw

uhsaùw bh`w| |sxh nf |ah |}umg`b Snjò Lnsmg" |ìmod |ah fnsj dmvho

c} Vmdonb` `w |}umg`b"`w |amw Snjò Lnsmg gnbxjo mw bhww bmih |ah

Dshhi fnsj |aò hm|ahs nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw/

\ah Lnsmg gnbxjo nf |ah Snjòw mw hmda| lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda| `w

gnju`shl |n |ah whvho lm`jh|hsw nf |ah Dshhi Nslhs" òl mw noh*

whvho|a nf m|w c`wh lm`jh|hs bhww `| |ah ohgi9 òl m| |ahshfnsh lmffhsw"

c} |ah ahmda| nf ò ho|msh lm`jh|hs jnsh |aò |ah n|ahs Snjò

Nslhsw" fsnj |ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah Dshhi nsmdmo`bw/

@wmlh fsnj lmffhshoghw nf usnuns|mno mo |ah gnbxjo wa`f| m|whbf"

òl |ah lmffhsho| jh|anl nf fbx|mod |ah b`|h Snjò gnbxjo" |ahsh mw `

vhs} s`lmg`b lmffhshogh mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh9 tambh Vmd*

onb` a`w dmvho mo |ah uhlhw|`b ò `llm|mno tamga fmsw| ùuh`sw mo |ah

`sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snjòw/ \ahsh mw vhs} sh`wno`cbh lnxc| tah|ahs

ò} |sxh Snjò ushghlho| gò ch fnxol |n wòg|mno |ah xwh nf |amw

moonv`|mno tm|a ò} Nslhs" bh`w| nf `bb tm|a |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo/ Mo |ah

\hjubh `| Gns`" tamga jxw| ch gnowmlhshl `w nf Dshhi tnsijòwamu

hvho |anxda nggxssmod xolhs |ah Snjò shdmjh" |ah ùu`sho| uhlhw|`b

wanto mo Fmd/ 054 mw sh`bb}` b`sdh cx||shww gnofmomod |ah w|hu ùusn`ga

|n |ah \hjubh/ \amw gx| `bwn mbbxw|s`|hw |ah gbnwhshb`|mnowamu |a`|

hqmw|w ch|thho |ah h`sb} Snjò tnsi òl m|w Dshhi nsmdmo`bw/

\ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs" `w xwhl mo |ah fmsw| hq`jubhw" v`smhl cx|

bm||bh fsnj |ah ushghlmod Dshhi |}uhw/ \ah gnbxjodhohs`bb} a`w on

c`wh" tambh |ah hgamoxw òl |ah fbx|mod nf |ah gnbxjogbnwhb} fnbbnt

|ah Dshhi whg|mnow/



0=5 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

\hjubh `| Gns`" M|`b}/ \ah nob} hq|ò| hq`jubh nf ` shg|òdxb`s

Snjò Lnsmg |hjubh mw |ah noh `| Gns`" |ah hq`g| l`|h nf tamga mw on|

ionto9 cx| fsnj usnc`cb} gno|hjunsòhnxw shj`mow" m| a`w chho

|anxda| |a`| m| mw `| bh`w| `w h`sb} `w 15 C/ G/ Mo |ah shj`mow nf |amw

|hjubh Fmd/ 054-" |ah gnbxjo" `b|anxda dmvho ` c`wh" n|ahstmwh vhs}

gbnwhb} shwhjcbhw |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs9 òl |ah |smdb}ua mw ub`ghl no

|ah gnsohs òdbh nf |ah cxmblmod `f|hs |ah Dshhi gxw|nj/

Fmd/ 054 mw ` shusnlxg|mno nf noh nf |ah f`jnxw Csxoh ls`tmodw

ont ntohl c} |ah J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/ \ah |hj*

ubh mw wpx`sh mo ubò" a`w ` fnxs*gnbxjo ns ahq`w|}bh uns|mgn" òl mo

|ah j`mo lmffhsw cx| bm||bh fsnj ushghlmod Dshhi tnsi/ \ah gnsomgh

mogbxlhw ` jx|xbh nvhs |ah jh|nuh" òl ` |smdb}ua xwhl no h`ga f`gh nf

|ah gnsohs òdbhw9 òl jò} nf |ah jnxblmod whg|mnow" `w thbb `w |ah

fbx|mod nf |ah gnbxjow" `shlmw|mog|mvhb} Dshhi/ No |ah n|ahs aòl

|ah |smdb}uaw `sh nf lmffhsho| usnuns|mnow" òl |ah gnbxjo a`w ` c`wh9

tambh n|ahs nf |ah jnxblmodw wxga" fns mow|ògh" `w |anwh no |ah ò|wh

nsumb`w|hsw molmg`|h |ah hffhg|w nf Snjò mofbxhogh/ \amw ls`tmod

mw wn `ssòdhl |a`| |ah gnsomgh mw wanto gnjubh|h" tm|a ` u`s| nf |ah|mbh snnf9 òl |ah gnbxjo mw gx| wn |a`| |ah ohgimod òl |ah c`wh" tm|a

|ah gsntomod jnxblmodw nf |ah w|}bnc`|h ns uhlhw|`b `sh cn|aub`mob}

lmwub`}hl9 tambh ` ubò nf |ah xolhswmlh ns wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh mw

wanto `| |ah smda| nf |ah gnbxjo/ \amw uhlhw|`b mw mosh`bm|} nob} `

usnkhg|mod cx||shww" hogbnwmod |ah wu`gh nf |ah w|hu ùusn`ga" m|w |nu

chmod bhvhb tm|a |ah fbnns nf |ah ub`|fnsj ns w|}bnc`|h/ \ahwh h`sb}

cxmblmodw thsh usnc`cb} `bb hqhgx|hl c} Dshhi tnsijho" tamga hq*

ub`mow |ahms gbnwh `lahshogh |n |ah Dshhi fnsjw/

Xwh nf \smdb}ua `| Gnsohs @odbh/ Mo `bb |ah h`sb} hq`jubhw nf |ah

xwh nf |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs hjubn}hl mo cxmblmodw wpx`sh ns shg*

|òdxb`s mo ubò"|ah |smdb}ua mw xwhl no |ah gnsohs nf |ah òdbh `f|hs

|ah Dshhi f`wamno" `w mw fxs|ahs wanto mo |ah ls`tmodw nf fs`djho|w nf

|ah Snjò shj`mow `| Gns`" |ah jnlhso Gnsm/ Fmdw/ 054 òl 05=-/

\ah \hjubh `| Gns`" `w thbb `w wnjh shj`mow nf Snjò Lnsmg

|hjubhw l`|modfsnj `cnx| 355 C/ G/ òl

unwwmcb}

shw|nshl `| ` b`|hs

uhsmnl" molmg`|hw" c} |ah o`ssnt mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno `| |ah gnsohs" `w

wanto no |ah nbl fbnns ubò" |a`| |ah|smdb}uaw

nggxsshl no |ah òdbh

`f|hs |ah Dshhi f`wamno/ No |ah |njc nf Wgmumn Fmd/ 051- òl |ah

|tn |njcw `| Onsgam`" `w thbb `w no |ah uhlhw|`bw wanto mo Fmd/ 05="

|ah |smdb}uaw `bt`}w nggxs no |ah òdbhw/ Mo |ah |ashh xwhw nf |amw



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW 0=0

Nslhs mo Snjh |ah \`cxb`smxj" |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" òl |ah

Gnbnwwhxj |ah usncbhj nf |ah gnsohs òdbh mw on| ushwho|hl" no `g*

gnxo| nf |ah gmsgxb`s ubò nf |ah cxmblmod òl |ah fnsj òl |sh`|jho|

nf |ah Nslhs mo h`ga g`wh/

Fs`djho|w fsnj \hjubh `| Gns`/ \ah fs`djho|w nf `sgam|hg|xs`b

lhwmdo d`|ahshl |ndh|ahs mo Fmd/ 05= tamga shusnlxghw òn|ahs nf |ah

ch`x|mfxb ls`tmodw c} Hjòxhb Csxoh òl mw usnc`cb} noh nf |ah jnw|

*

JH\SH

Fmd/ 051/

mo|hshw|mod `sgam|hg|xs`b sholhsmodw mo hqmw|hogh" cn|a no `ggnxo| nf |ah

ch`x|} nf |ah lh|`mbw whbhg|hl òl `bwn no `ggnxo| nf |ah csmbbmò| ls`f|w*

jòwamu wanto mo |ah hqhgx|mno nf |ah ls`tmod thsh |ìho fsnj |ah

ògmho| Snjò |hjubhw `| Gns`" M|`b}"òl want" `bnod tm|a |ah whv*

hs`b mo|hshw|mod Lnsmg lh|`mbw" ` fht nf jnsh hb`cns`|h ga`s`g|hs/ @|

|ah cn||nj òl bhf| nf |ah ls`tmod mw ` fbx|hl uhlhw|`b" wxga `w jmda|ch hjubn}hl |n g`ss} ` fmdxsh ns wnjh n|ahs umhgh nf wgxbu|xsh/ \aho" mo

|ah fnshdsnxol" mw wanto |ah c`wh nf ` fbx|hl gnbxjo nf |ah @||mg|}uh/

@cnvh |amw mw ` jnw| ch`x|mfxb ls`tmod nf ` Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b" tm|a

mo|hshw|mod v`sm`|mnow fsnj |ahw|smg|b}

Gb`wwmg`b |}uh mo |ah `ssòdh*

jho| nf wnjh nf |ah bh`f fnsjw" òl hwuhgm`bb} mo |tn ansow ns |holsmbw

mowhs|hl mo |ah unwm|mno xwx`bb} nggxumhl c} |ah wj`bbhs vnbx|hw/ \ah

`gò|axw bh`vhw nf |ahgùm|`b

`sh on|`cb} gsmwuòl w|snod mo |sh`|*

jho|9 |ah} fnbbntgbnwhb}

|ah nx|bmoh nf |ah gnbxjo" òl hol `| |ah |nu

mo `wums`b" w|snodb} wxuuns|hl òl }h| tm|a ` ds`ghfxb nx|t`sl chol/

\amw gùm|`btmbb `f|hst`sl ch shfhsshl |n mo |ah lhwgsmu|mno nf |ah

Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/- @ bm||bh fxs|ahs |n |ah smda| `sh |tn hq`jubhw nf

Lnsmggùm|`bw" wantmod uns|mnow

nf |ah ohgi òl c`whw nf |ah gnbxjow/




Ch}nol |ahwh mw òn|ahs uns|mno nf ` gnbxjo c`wh" usnc`cb} xwhl tm|a

` Gnsmo|amò ns Mnomg gnbxjo" ahsh g`ss}mod ` wj`bb fs`djho| tm|a

j`wi lhgns`|mno/

\ah |tn jnxblhl c`whw lhwgsmchl `cnvh want hvmlho| hquhsm*

jho|w no |ah u`s| nf |ahms lhwmdohsw mo |ah xwh nf |amw fnsj nf c`wh/ Mo

|ah noh b`w| jho|mnohl" |tn |nsxw jnxblmodw `sh whu`s`|hl nob} c} `

fmbbh|9 tambh mo |ah noh fmsw| jho|mnohl" |ahsh mw ` vhs} o`ssnt òl ù*

u`sho|b} jxga gsxwahl anbbnt jhjchs ch|thho |ah fmbbh|w whu`s`|mod

|ah |nsxw jnxblmodw/

\ahwhfs`djho|w

`sh `bb

ub`ghl

mo fsno| nf ` gnsomgh tm|a ch`x|m*

fxbb}g`svhl hdd*òl*l`s| òl ch`l*òl*shhb jnxblmodw" wxuuns|mod

s`|ahs `tit`slb}*usnuns|mnohl cs`gih|w g`ss}mod |ah gsntomod jhj*

chsw nf |ah gnsomgh/ @cnvh |amw gnsomgh" mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah ls`tmod"

mw ` c`wh wxuuns|mod ` gùm|`b nf s`|ahs xoxwx`b lhwmdo/ Mo |ah gho|hs

nf h`ga wmlh" nggxu}mod |ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah vnbx|hw" mw ` whvhshb}

gb`wwmg ah`l nf Jmohsv`/ \ah gnsohsw `sh wxuuns|hl c} wmjubh cx|

w|snod òl ah`v} vnbx|hw/ \ah `c`gxw mw wmjmb`s |n |a`| no |ah h`sb}

Gnsmo|amò gùm|`bw/ @| |ah smda| òl bhf| nf |amw gùm|`b `sh uhlhw|`bw

g`ss}mod Lnsmg gnsomghw on| xobmih mo |sh`|jho| |n |ah gnsomgh nf |ah

\njc nfWgmumn/ Mo |ah c`gidsnxol `sh whvhs`b# umhghw nf `sgam|hg*

|xs`b fs`djho|w/ @on|ahs snxol uhlhw|`b mw ahsh ub`ghl `| |ah bhf|

nf |ah ub`|h9 tambh |ah |`bb wpx`sh uhlhw|`b g`ssmhw ` wj`bb ò|hfmq lhg*

ns`|hl tm|a ` Dshhi ò|ahjmno jn|mf/ @| |ah smda| mw ` uòhb nf bh||hs*

mod" òl `cnvh |amw ò nso`jho|`b gshw|mod nf ` anoh}wxgibh jn|mf"

tamga wantsw mo |ah shusnlxg|mno `bjnw| `w l`si `w |ah Gb`wwmg bòl*

wgùh mo |ah lmw|ògh/

\ah ch`x|mfxb bh||hsmod mo |amw uòhb" òl `bwn no |ah f`gh nf |ah

wpx`sh uhlhw|`b mjjhlm`|hb} mo fsno| nf m|" wanxbl ch on|mghl/ @bb |ah

lh|`mbw wanto no |amw ub`|h `sh |ansnxdab} Dshhi mo cn|a |sh`|jho| òl

fhhbmod" òl thsh xolnxc|hlb} hqhgx|hl c} Dshhi tnsijho òl `sgam*

|hg|w" `| ò h`sb} uhsmnl mo |ah lhvhbnujho| nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/

GB@WWMG SNJ@O LNSMG

M| whhjw" |ahshfnsh" |a`| mo Snjò cxmblmodw |ah h`sbmhs xw`dh

fnbbnthl vhs} gbnwhb} |ah Dshhi jnlhbw mo |ah unwm|mnonf |ah |smdb}ua"

òl mo |ah whg|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw |ahjwhbvhw9 cx| |ah sh`b Snjò

Lnsmg Nslhs mw |a`| wanto mo |ahms b`|hs tnsi/ C} |ah |mjh nf |ah

cxmblmod nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw C/ G/ 77*07-" |ah Nslhs a`l



0=< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

|ìho no ` lmw|mog|b}Snjò ga`s`g|hs" cn|a mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah

jnxblmodw òl mo m|w dhohs`b usnuns|mnow/ C} shfhssmod |n Fmd/ 005"

*UHSWUHGM\

SNJ@ONF

LNSKN

HO\@CJ BH?

Fmd/ 005/

m| tmbb ch whho ant lmffhsho| |ah hjubn}jho| nf |amw Nslhs t`w fsnj

|ah Dshhi Lnsmg/ \ah xwh nf |ah lho|mb òl |sh`|jho| nf |ah wnffm| `sh




pxm|h lmw|mog|mvh" òl hvho taho |ah Dshhi fnsj nf jx|xbh mw xwhl" m|"

mw tm|a hwwho|m`b lmffhshoghw nf lh|`mb/ \amw hq`jubh mw dhohs`bb}

wanto tm|anx| ` c`wh |n |ah gnbxjo9 mo b`|hs Snjò xw`dh" anthvhs"

m| mw pxm|h w`fh |n mogbxlh ` wmjubh c`wh `w ò hwwho|m`b u`s| nf |ah Lnsmg

Nslhs/ \amw j`} a`vh chho lxh |n |ah mofbxhogh nf |ah H|sxwgòw"

tan xwx`bb} hjubn}hl ` wmjubh c`wh no |ahms gsxlh gnbxjow/ Mo

Fmd/ Mbb `sh wanto fnxs hq`jubhw nf Snjò Lnsmg c`whw/ \tn nf

Fmd/ 000/

|ahwh C òl L- `sh fsnj Vmdonb`" noh G- fsnj U`bb`lmn" òl noh @-

fsnj ò nbl hq`jubh `| @bcòm oh`s Snjh/ \ah c`wh `| Gns`" Fmd/

054" vhs} gbnwhb}shwhjcbhw |a`| wanto `| C mo |amw fmdxsh" tm|a |ah

wj`bb a`bf*snxol chbnt |ah fmbbh| njm||hl/ \amw c`wh C- mw |a`| xwhl

c} Vmdonb` mo amw lho|mgxb`s Nslhs" tambh ah `wwmdow |ah whg|mno `| L

|n |ah jx|xb`s fnsj/

Xwh nf Gnbxjo mo Gnoohg|mno tm|a @sg`lh \ah \`cxb`smxj/

\ah \`cxb`smxj `| Snjh" cxmb| c} G`|xbbxw mo 41 C/ G/" g`ssmhw |ah

h`sbmhw| ionto xwh nf |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo hjubn}hl |n whu`s`|h |ah `sgahw

nf ò `sg`lh" `f|hs |ah jòohs wanto mo Fmd/ ==/ \amw w|sxg|xsh t`w

cxmb| `d`mow| |ah Gùm|nbmoh Ambb" òl ushwho|hl ` f`gh nf mjjhowh t`bb"

g`ss}mod" |ams|}*wmqfhh| `cnvh |ah dsnxol" ` whsmhw nf `sgahw f`gmod

|nt`sl |ah Fnsxj òlwxuuns|hl

noumhsw/

\ah ohq| hq`jubhw" mo gasnonbndmg`b whpxhogh" `sh |anwh mo |ah

\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" 37 C/ G/ Fmd/ 007-" òl mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" 43

@/ L/ Fmd/ 003-/ Mo cn|a |ahwh g`whw" |ah gnbxjow `sh hod`dhl òl

wh| xuno ` gno|moxnxw gnxswh ns fnn|mod" tamga j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w

wxddhw|mod |ah molmvmlx`b gnbxjo uhlhw|`b wanto c} Vmdonb`/ \ah



0=1 W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

LNSMG*NSLHS9

\AH@\IHNFJ@SGHBBVW

Fmd/ 007/

jnxblmodw nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`s*

ghbbxw òl |ah \`cxb`smxj `sh

wxddhw|mvhb}Dshhi mo

ga`s`g|hs"tambh mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj |ah

jnxblmod whg|mnow `sh `bjnw|

|ansnxdab} Snjò mo nx|bmoh òl

|ah Nslhsw `sh `bb nf ` jnsh ns*

lmo`s} |}uh/@bb |ashh nf |ahwh

cxmblmodw `sh mo Snjh" òl |ah

|tn b`w| `sh `bwn |ah |tn chw|

ionto hq`jubhw nf |ah xwh nf |ah

Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs/

\ah Gnbnwwhxj/ \ah Gnbnw*

whxj mw xolnxc|hlb} |ah chw|

ionto `juam|ah`|hs" òl" tambh

gnjjhoghl mo 43 @/ L/ c} Vhw*

u`wmò" t`w gno|moxhl c} \m|xw"

òlfmo`bb} mo`xdxs`|hl c}

Lnjm*

|mò mo 13 @/ L/ @| |amw |mjh

|ah |ashh bnths w|nsmhw nob} thsh

gnjubh|hl/ \ahwh w|nsmhw `sh

h`ga lhgns`|hl no |ah f`gh c} ò

`||`gahl Nslhs" |ah bnthw| chmod

\xwgò |ahsh `sh on |smdb}uaw

mo |ah fsmh{h-" tm|a jnxblmodw

fnbbntmod jnsh |ah H|sxwgò |aò

|ah Dshhi whg|mno/ \ah whgnol

w|ns} mw lhgns`|hl tm|a ò Mnomg

Nslhs" òl |ah |amsl tm|a ` Gn*

smo|amò" wh| no ` l`ln cshìmod

nx| |n fnsj ` wns| nfuhlhw|`b

xolhsoh`|a h`ga gnbxjo wa`f|/

\ah ho|`cb`|xshw `sh `bb g`ssmhl

`snxol |ah cxmblmod tm|anx| ò}

cshì/ \ah |nu w|ns}" `cnvh |ah

`sg`lhw" t`w on| `llhl xo|mb |ah

h`sb} u`s| nf |ah |amsl gho|xs}

@/ L/

35<



Lh|`mb nf \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" Snjh/

Wantmod Snjò xwh nf Mnomg Nslhs nvhs Lnsmg9 `bwn ga`s`g|hsmw|mg #hod`dhl# gnbxjow òl`sg`lh |sh`|jho|/ Shw|nshl c} Ga/ Dms`xb| òl H/ Unxbmo/




\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/ Mo Fmd/ 007 mw ls`to nx| |ah Snjò

Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/ \amw wa`f| mw wanto

smwmod lmshg|b} fsnj ` whsmhw nf w|huw/ B`|hs lmwgnvhsmhw whhj |n mo*

lmg`|h |a`| |amw wa`f| a`l ` vhs} wmjubh c`wh |sh`|jho|/ Fmd/ 005 mw `

uhswuhg|mvh nf ` wxuunwm|m|mnxw gnsohs òdbh wantmod |ah xwh nf `

Snjò Nslhs" tm|a lh|`mbw |ìho fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw/

\amw hq`jubh nf ` Lnsmg Nslhs tm|a |ah gnsomghf`bwhb} wanto `w

|anxda csniho `snxol ò nx|hs òdbh ns gnsohs nf |ah cxmblmod mw on|

|}umg`b" mo |a`| m| njm|who|mshb} |ah jx|xbh mo |ah gnsomgh/ \ah jx*

|xbh mw `w mjuns|ò| ` u`s| nf |ah dhohs`b xwh nf |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs

`w m| t`w nf |ah Dshhi" w`vh |a`| mo |ah b`|hs Snjò xw`dh |ah jx|xbh

t`w ohvhs wu`ghl nvhs |ah jh|nuh" cx| |ah wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh fsnj

jx|xbh |n jx|xbh t`w fmbbhl c} jhòw nf ` lhgns`|hl uòhb/ \amw

u`s|mgxb`s gnsomgh g`ssmhw ` snt nf lho|mbw mo ub`gh nf |ah jx|xbhw"

tambh ` uòhb mo |ah wnffm| nggxssmod nvhs |ah |smdb}ua mw fmbbhl tm|a lh*

uholho| dx||nh9 òl |ah Nslhs wanto ahsh òl mo Ub`|h VMM" `ggnj*

uò}mod U`s| M" j`} ch jnsh ùusnusm`|hb} |hsjhl Lho|mgxb`s Lnsmg"

ò movho|mno nf |ah Snjòw/ @w ` j`||hs nff`g|" anthvhs"

th a`vh on

`x|aho|mg Snjò hq`jubh mo tamga |amw gnsohs |sh`|jho| a`w chho

`g|x`bb} hjubn}hl/ Vmdonb`" mo ub`gmod amw |smdb}ua òl jh|nuh nvhs

|ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo òl bh`vmod |ah gnsohs òdbh ub`mo"`w mw

wanto mo |amw uhswuhg|mvh wih|ga" whhjw |n a`vh |ìho m| fns dsò|hl

|a`| |ah Snjòw" mo g`wh |ah} hjubn}hl |ah Nslhs mo |amw t`}" tnxbl

wn a`vh |sh`|hl |ah hq|hso`b òdbh nf |ah fsmh{h/ Cx| mo |ah chw| b`|h

Snjò mow|ògh nf |ah xwh nf |amw Nslhs" |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw

òl |a`|" |nn" |ah mow|ògh no tamga Vmdonb` mw wxuunwhl |n a`vh fnxol*

hl amw vhswmno nf |ah Nslhs |ahsh mw on wxga gnsohs òdbh |sh`|jho|"

|ah cxmblmod m|whbf chmod gmsgxb`s nshbbmu|mg`b

mo ubò" òl |ahshfnsh

shpxmsmod on òdbh |sh`|jho| ta`|wnhvhs/

\ah Uhlhw|`b nf |ah Nslhs/ \ah unwwmcbh lhsmv`|mno nf |ah uhl*

hw|`b |sh`|jho| mw wxddhw|hl mo Fmd/ 038" tahsh |ah Mnomg Nslhs nf |ah

\ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw ls`to nx|/ M| mw ahsh whho |a`| |ah uhlhw|`b

òl m|w gù fnsj ` gno|moxnxw chb| gnxswh" jhshb} cshìmod nx| `snxol

|ah usnkhg|mod gnbxjo9 cx| |ah `g|x`b hffhg| mo |ah cxmblmod mw jnsh

|a`| nf ` gno|moxnxw l`ln" xuno tamga `sh wh| |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/

\ah sh`wno fns |amw mw hvmlho|" `w n|ahstmwh |ah usnkhg|mod gnsomgh nf

|ah bnths Nslhs" |ah Lnsmg" tnxbl gnjubh|hb} gx| nff |ah bnths uns|mno

nf |ah Mnomg gnbxjo wa`f| taho whho fsnj |ah nslmo`s} dsnxol bhvhb/

754




@w ` j`||hs nf f`g|" |ahsh mw" mo Snjò xw`dh" on mow|ògh nf ta`|

j`} w|smg|b} wuhìmod ch |hsjhl ` #uhlhw|`b# nggxssmod tm|a ò}

Nslhs9 òl wxga ùu`sho| mow|òghw j`} ch |s`ghl |n noh nf |ah |tnjh|anlw `bsh`l} jho|mnohl `w xwhl no |ah Gnbnwwhxj ns no |ah \hj*

ubh `| Gns`/ Mo W}sm` |ahsh `sh ` fht hq`jubhw nfuhlhw|`bw" `w `|

Iò`t`|" Jnxwjmha" U`bj}s`" òl |ah Usnu}bwh` `| C``bchg9 cx| mo

|ah |hjubhw" |ah`|hsw" òl `juam|ah`|hsw nf Snjh |ah} ln on| hqmw|"

hqghu| `w u`s|w nf ò `||mg ns l`ln shpxmshl |n `bbnt ` wu`gh fns |ah

v`xb|mod nf |ah bnthsw|ns}" `w mo |ah Gnbnwwhxj" ns `w ` cx||shww

xwhl |n cnxol |ah w|huuhl ùusn`ga |n ` |hjubh" `w mo |ah \hjubh `|

Gns`/

\ahsh mw" jnshnvhs" on b`|h òl uxshb} Snjò fnsj nf |ah Lnsmg

Nslhs xwhl mo ` cxmblmod tahsh ò òdbh |sh`|jho| nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

Fmd/ 00</

a`w chho shpxmshl/ \amwbmchs|}

nf Vmdonb`$w" `w thbb `w |ah wmjmb`s noh

tahsh ah a`w chw|nthl ` uhlhw|`b xolhs |ah Snjò gnbxjo" mw on|

gnowmlhshl |n a`vh `lhpx`|h fnxol`|mno mo |sxh Snjò tnsi" `b|anxda

m| xolnxc|hlb} hqushwwhw |ah dhohs`b gxw|nj ns xw`dh lxsmod |ah Sho*

`mwwògh uhsmnl/

351




Vmdonb`$w Jx|xb`s Snjò Lnsmg/ \ah jx|xb`s Snjò Lnsmg"

`ggnslmod |n Vmdonb`" mw wanto mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M/ \ah ho|`cb`|xsh"

`w `bsh`l} w|`|hl" mw noh*px`s|hs nf |ah gnbxjo ahmda|9 òl |ah gù*

m|`b noh jnlxbh mo ahmda| nggxswlmshg|b}

xolhs |ah |smdb}ua mo |ah

fsmh{h" tamga mw m|whbf ` jnlxbh mo csh`l|a/ \amw |smdb}ua mw wanto

jnsh u`s|mgxb`sb}mo Fmd/ 00<9 òl c} shfhssmod |n |amw mbbxw|s`|mno" m|w

uhgxbm`sm|mhw j`} ch jnsh sh`lmb} gnjushaholhl òl xolhsw|nnl/

@| |ah bhf| mw wanto ` vmht nf |ah hol ns wmlh nf |ah |smdb}ua 9 tambh" ch*

wmlh m|" mw |ah hbhv`|mno nf |ah fsno|" tm|a ` whg|mno |asnxda |ah gaòohbw

gò`bw- no m|w f`gh/ Chbnt mw wanto ` ubò bnnimod xu `| |ah dx||wh

aòdmod fsnj m|9 tambh `| |ah smda| mw ` uhswuhg|mvh nf |ah|smdb}ua"

tamga wanxbl ch whbf*hqubò`|ns}/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| a`bf nf |ah

dx||wh `sh wanto gmsgxb`s mo ubò 9òl a`bf" wpx`sh ns shg|òdxb`s/ \ah

gmsgxb`s" gnomg`b waùh mw |a`| jnsh nf|ho xwhl9 cx| |ah wpx`sh" u}*

s`jml`b fnsj nggxsw mo jò} hq`jubhw/ \ah |smdb}uamo Ub`|h MQ"

U`s| M" mw gnowmlhshl `w `bt`}w chmod ub`ghl nvhs |ah gnbxjow òl

no |ah w`jh `qmw" `b|anxda |amw lhlxg|mno shw|w no uhsaùw mowxffmgmho|

fnxol`|mno" `w th a`vh `bsh`l} whho/ Ch|thho |ah |smdb}uaw mw `b*

bnthl noh òl noh*a`bf jnlxbhw" ns" mo lmw|ògh" `wu`gh hpx`b |n |ah

ahmda| nf |ah fsmh{h/ \amw mw ihu| fns |ah jh|nuh" tamga mo nbl hq*

`jubhw mw `bt`}w wpx`sh" ns ù*

u`sho|b} wpx`sh/ \ahwh wu`ghw

thsh wnjh|mjhw nso`jho|hl c}

g`svmodw nf lmffhsho| nckhg|w" wxga

`w ah`lw nf òmj`bw" |snuamhw nf

`sjw" h|g/ ` gxw|nj cnssnthl

fsnj |ah Dshhiw" òl lhsmvhl" `w

th iont" fsnj |ah ub`gmod nf `g*

|x`b nckhg|w mo |ah nuho wu`gh

nvhs |ah bmo|hb ch`j/

\ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs

wanto mo |amw ub`|h mw nf vhs} dnnl dhohs`b usnuns|mnow" òl wxga `w

tnxbl`g|x`bb}

ch xwhl no |ah

dsnxol w|ns}

nf `cxmblmod

ns mo |ah

bnths u`s| nf ` jnoxjho|`b lhwmdo/ \ah uhlhw|`b j`} ch wxu*

ushwwhl" `w |ah ògmho|w molhhl whblnj xwhl m| hqghu| taho |ah}

g`ssmhl |ah Nslhs no ò xomo|hssxu|hl uhlhw|`b*c`wh fns |ah uxsunwh

nf s`mwmod m| `cnvh ` usnkhg|mod chb| gnxswh/ \ah wa`f| nf |amw

gnbxjo mw wnjh|mjhw gaòohbhl tm|a |tho|} gaòohbw" whu`s`|hlfsnj




h`ga n|ahs c} ` wa`su `ssmw `f|hs |ah Dshhi f`wamno" òl mw `w nf|ho

BKW

nnnnnn555555nnnnnn

8; 08 A Wf* 03" mRf*m/

Fmd/ 006/

bhf| ub`mo 9tambh m| mw ngg`wmno`bb} gaòohbhl `w wanto no |ah smda|

wmlh nf |ah gnbxjo mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M" tamga |sh`|jho|" fns tnsi nf `

Fmd/ 004/

lmw|mog|b} jnlhso ga`s`g|hs" mw uhsaùw jnsh ùusnusm`|h/ \amw

305




ub`|h `bwn wantw |ah xwh nf |ah Snjò jx|xbh" tamga mw ls`to nx|

whu`s`|hb}mo

uhswuhg|mvh mo Fmd/ 008/ \ah shb`|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw

|n h`ga n|ahs" òl |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah wj`bbhs u`s|w ns jhjchsw nf

|ah lhwmdo" `sh fxbb} wanto mo |amw ub`|h òl mo Ub`|h VMM" U`s| M/ \ah

b`||hs ub`|h `bwn wantw |ah ubò nf |ah gnbxjo òl ò hbhv`|mno nf |ah

___;V"+2//_;_Y/?+/vv2_

SNJ@OLNSK

C@\AWNULM

SNJHoxo

Fmd/ 001/

uhlhw|`b" `w thbb `w |tn mjunw| jnxblmodw tamga `sh xwhl |n shghmvh

|ah `sgahw shw|mod no |ah umhswch|thho |ah gnbxjow" taho hjubn}hl

`f|hs |ah Snjò f`wamno wanto mo Fmd/ ==/

M| wanxbl ch on|hl |a`| |asnxdanx| |amw Nslhs |ah `c`gxw mw wpx`sh

moubò"

òl mw nso`jho|hl `snxol m|w xuuhs hldh tm|a ` g}j` shvhsw`




òl fmbbh|/ Fsnj |ah cn||nj nf |ah `c`gxw" |ah gnbxjo òl jnxblmodw

`sh snxol ns gmsgxb`s mo ubò lnto |asnxda |ah |nsxw nf |ah c`wh/

\amw |nsxw shw|w xuno ` ubmo|a wpx`sh mo ubò òl shg|òdxb`s mo whg|mno/

\ah wnffm| nf |ah gnsomgh" wanto mo |amw ub`|h" mw ls`to nx| mo Fmd/ 006/

Mo Ub`|h VMMM" U`s| M" mw wanto òn|ahs Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs" `f|hs

U`bb`lmn" mo tamga |ahsh `sh on jx|xbhw mo |ah gnsomgh òl |ah lho|mbw

`sh `bwn njm||hl/ \amw ub`|h wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |ah |tn ush*

ghlmod ub`|hw mo nslhs |n xolhsw|òl |ah dsh`| unwwmcbh v`sm`|mno mo |ah

jnxblmodw" whg|mnow" h|g/ M| wanxbl ch jho|mnohl |a`| ` f`xb| mo |ah

Nslhs mo Ub`|h MQ" U`s| M" mw |ah wbmda| usnkhg|mno nf |ah |smdb}ua" jì*

mod ohghww`s} wn fb`| ` |sh`|jho| nf |ah a`bf*gaòohb nggxssmod no m|w

|tn hldhw |a`| mous`g|mgh m| tnxbl ch c`shb} uhsghu|mcbh/ \amw |sm*

db}ua tnxbl jxga ch||hs a`vh ` whg|mno nf `w jxga usnkhg|mno `w mw

wanto mo Fmd/ 00</

N|ahs Fnsjw nf Lnsmg/ \ah Lnsmg Nslhs fsnj |ah Vmbb` `|

@bcòm oh`s Snjh" mw wanto mo Fmd/ 004/ M| mw ò mo|hshw|mod cx| wnjh*

ta`| uhgxbm`s mow|ògh nf |ah xwh

nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" hwuhgm`bb} mo

|ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah dx||wh no |ah

jx|xbh wnffm|" `w thbb `w mo |ah

|smdb}ua òl `sgam|s`vh |sh`|jho|

chbnt/ \ah Snjò Nslhs fsnj

|ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|mò `| Snjh"

wanto mo Fmd/ 001" mw nf s`|ahs `

b`|h l`|h `cnx| @/ L/ 3=5-" `w mw

fxs|ahs cnsoh nx| c} |ah ga`s`g*

|hs nf |ah jnxblmodw òl |ahms

nvhs*nso`jho|`|mno `bb pxm|h

|}umg`bnf b`|hs Snjò `sgam*

|hg|xsh"

Ohm|ahs |amw hq`jubh ons |ah

noh wanto mo Fmd/ 004 mw |n ch

`lvng`|hlfnm

hq`g| shusnlxg|mnomo dhohs`b tnsi" `b|anxda cn|a nf

|ahj gno|`mo jò} v`bx`cbh wxd*

dhw|mnow f n s | a h |sh`|jho| nf

v`smnxw u`s|w nf |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs/

\ah gùm|`bfsnj Unjuhmm" mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ 00=" mw ò

mo|hshw|mod

CLSMDGTM@c

$UNJUHMM+

Fmd/ 00=/




v`sm`|mno no |ah Dshhi fnsj" |a`| mw|}umg`b

nf jxga nf |ah h`sb} Snjò

tnsi/ \ah gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |amw uhsmnl thsh `bb |`bb òl wbholhs mo

|ahms usnuns|mnow/

GB@WWMG SNJ@O MNOMG

Lhvhbnujho| òl Xwh nf |ah Nslhs/ \ahsh `sh gnju`s`|mvhb}

fht shj`mow nf Snjò cxmblmodw tahsh |ah Mnomg Nslhs t`wnsmdmo`bb}

xwhl/ @jnod |ah Snjòw |amw Nslhsghs|`mob} ohvhs jh| tm|a |ah

f`vns `ggnslhl |n m| c} |ah Dshhiw/ @| |ah w`jh |mjh" |ah dsh`| oxj*

chs nf ò|mpxh Mnomg gùm*

|`bw xwhl mo |ah o`vhw nf

Snjò C`wmbmg`w nf b`|hs

l`|h" molmg`|h |a`| `| noh

|mjh |amw Nslhs jxw| a`vh

chho hjubn}hl |n ` gnowml*

hs`cbh hq|ho| usnc`cb} mo

|ah h`sb} Fnsxjw |a`| thsh

`f|hst`slw lhw|sn}hl |n

jìh snnj fns b`|hs cxmbl*

modw/ \ah Snjò gnbxjow"

chmod dhohs`bb} jnonbm|aw

nf j`scbh ns n|ahs ch`x|mfxb

j`|hsm`b" mow|h`l nf chmod

wa`f|w gnjunwhl nf v`smnxw

wj`bb whg|mnow `f|hs |ah

Dshhi f`wamno" thsh wxffm*

gmho|b} v`bx`cbh |n ch w`vhl

òl xwhl `d`mo mo |ah

ohths tnsi |a`| t`w |n

|ìh |ah ub`gh nf |a`| |nso

lnto/ \ah gùm|`bw j`}a`vh chho xwhl ` whgnol

|mjh tm|a |ah gnbxjow |nFmW* 03 *

tamga |ah} chbnodhl" ns|ah} j`} a`vh chho |sòwunwhl òl xwhl

tm|a n|ahs gnbxjow/ @w ` gnowhpxhogh" mo jò} Snjò gaxsgahw"

fshpxho|b} ohm|ahs |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w ons |ahgùm|`bw hq`g|b} j`|ga mo

hm|ahs gnbns" j`|hsm`b" lhwmdo" ns tnsijòwamu" nf|ho chmod ncvmnxwb}

nf lmffhsho| l`|hw òl |ìho fsnj lmffhsho| cxmblmodw/

WG@JN[[




Mo |ah Snjò gnbnomhw òl mo W}sm`"|ah Mnomg Nslhs whhjw |n

a`vh chho hjubn}hl bnodhs |aò mo Snjh m|whbf" unwwmcb}chg`xwh nf |ah

lmffmgxb|} nf g`svmod |ah hb`cns`|h Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b tamga a`l b`|hs

wn jxga vndxh/ Hq`jubhw nf |ah Mnomg gùm|`b g`ss}mod |ah gò|hl

vnbx|h no |ah òdbh" `sh vhs} s`sh/ @| |ah b`sdh wm{h mo tamga |amw

Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl c} |ah Snjòw" |ah `tit`slohww nf |amw òdxb`s

|sh`|jho| nf |ah Mnomg Gùm|`b xolnxc|hlb} chg`jh jnsh ùu`sho|" òl

fns |amw sh`wno |ah} j`} a`vh `vnmlhl m|w xwh tahohvhs m| t`w unwwmcbh/

Taho" lxsmod |ah Sho`mwwògh" ò Mnomg gùm|`btm|a |ah òdxb`s vn*

bx|h |sh`|jho| no |ah fnxs gnsohsw g`jh mo|ndhohs`b xwh"

m| t`w g`bbhl

|ah #Wg`jn{{m# gùm|`b" `f|hs |ah `sgam|hg| tan fmsw| jnw| fshpxho|b}

ooooooo

MNO0NG@UM\@B*UNJUHX*

Fmd// 030/

hjubn}hl m|" fns |ah uxsunwh nf lmw|modxmwamod m| fsnj |ah jnsh xwx`b

Gb`wwmg fnsj/ \ah `g|x`b |sh`|jho| nf |amw gùm|`b `w xwhl c}

Wg`jn{{m amjwhbf mw wanto mo Fmd/ 035/

\ah h`sbmhs Snjò Mnomg Nslhsw thsh hvmlho|b} j`lh c} Dshhi

tnsijho9 òl |ah gùm|`b fsnj Unjuhmm wanto mo Fmd/ 030gbh`sb}

hvmlhoghw |amw f`g|/ Mo |amw hq`jubh |a`| nf ò `||`gahl gnbxjo `

s`|ahs mo|hshw|mod |sh`|jho| nf |ah vnbx|h no |ah òdbh mw wanto/ Whho

fsnj |ah fsno|" |ah vnbx|h mw gò|hl `f|hs |ah w`jh f`wamno `w m| tnxbl

ch mo nslhs |n jìh `bb fnxs ns mo |amw g`wh" |ashh hbhv`|mnow nf |ah

gùm|`b `dshh9 cx| no |ah hol |ah snbb mw w|mbb hjubn}hl" `b|anxda |sh`|hl

mo ` wnjhta`| fshh jòohs/

\ah C`wh/ \ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs




nffhs bm||bhlmwwmjmb`sm|} mo |sh`|jho|/ \amw mw vhs} gbh`sb}

wanto mo

Fmd/ 033" mo tamga @ mw fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" òl C fsnj |ah

C`|aw nf Lmngbh|mò" cn|a Gb`wwmg hq`jubhw" tambh G òl L `sh |ìhofsnj |ah gnbxjow nf U`bb`lmn òl Vmdonb`/ M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`|

|ah fnsj dmvho c} Vmdonb` mw s`|ahs ò hqghu|mno`b noh" |ah dhohs`b

|}uh chmod jnsh oh`sb} |a`| wanto c} U`bb`lmn/

\ah Gùm|`b/ \ah gùm|`bnf |ah Snjò Mnomg gnbxjo mw f`wamnohl

`f|hs |ah w`jh dhohs`b jòohs `w |a`| lhwgsmchl mo lh|`mb mo |ah Dshhi

*ILJ@O_MNOMNC@WHW*Fmd/ 033/

Mnomg Nslhs" cx| |ah jnxblmodw `sh on| wnfmohb}

gx|/ \ah wa`f| t`w

ohvhs dmvho ` ohgimod" wxga `w |ah Dshhiw" òl b`|hs" wnjh nf |ah Sh*

o`mwwògh `sgam|hg|w" ngg`wmno`bb} hjubn}hl/ M| tmbb `bwn ch on|mghl |a`|

|ah vnbx|h nswums`b nf |ah Snjò Nslhs mw jxga bhww shfmohl |aò mo

|ah Dshhi hq`jubhw/ M| gno|`mow" jnshnvhs" fhthswums`bw

no |ah f`gh/

Tah|ahs |amw u`xgm|} nf wums`bw t`w ngg`wmnohl c} ` b`gi nf wimbb mo |ah

g`svhs" ns tah|ahs `w mo |ah g`wh nf |ah xwh nf |ahwums`b

mo |ah \ah`|hs

nf J`sghbbxw" no |ah whgnol w|ns}m| t`w chg`xwh |ahwh lh|`mbw thsh

wnjhta`| shjnvhl fsnj |ah h}h òl |ahshfnsh |amwwmjubmfmg`|mno t`w

|n ch ushfhsshl mo |ah kxldjho| nf |ah cxmblhsw" th ln on| iont/

Fns|xo`|hb} |ah vnbx|h nf |ah Snjòw mw jxga jnshh`wmb} sh*

lxghl |n ` sxbh |aò |a`| nf |ah Dshhiw/ \ah Snjò vnbx|h j`} a`vh

chho b`ml nx| tm|a

gnju`wwhw"

tambh |ah Dshhi vnbx|h t`wghs|`mob}

b`ml nx| mo on wxga wmjubh f`wamno/ M| a`w chho wxddhw|hl |a`|" mo |ah

Dshhi Lnsmggùm|`b"

|ah vnbx|h h}h t`w fmbbhl tm|a ` snxol tnnlho

ubxd" òl |a`| ` w|smod f`w|hohl |n |amw òl tnxol xu `snxol m| tnxbl

usnlxgh |ah gnogho|smg gmsgbhw nf |ah vnbx|h f`ghw/

\ah Ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah `sgam|s`vh òl fsmh{h nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

304




MNOMG*NSLHS

\AHI\SH*$NF*

J@SGHBBVW*Fmd/ 038/

mod" |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso" t`w |ah

Mnomg Nslhs xwhl" `b|anxda ahsh m|

mw nf ` s`|ahs lhc`whl |}uh/

\ah gùm|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh#nf

Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" `w wanto mo Fmd/

03<" wxffmgmho|b} lmwub`}w |ah ga`s*

`g|hs nf m|w gx||mod òl |ah dhohs`b

#w|xcc}# hffhg| nf |ah ho|msh gù/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh xwhl no |amw |hj*

ubh mw s`|ahs gsxlh mo |}uh" òl mw

|ahshfnsh on| mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah Sn*

jò Mnomg gù wanto mo |ah xuuhs

u`s| nf |ah w`jh fmdxsh" mw ` jxga

jnsh mo|hshw|mod"mf b`|hs òl jnsh

hb`cns`|h" hq`jubh" òl m|w dhohs`b

bmohw `sh jnsh tns|a} nf chmod

gnumhl/ \ah hq`jubhw nf |ah Gnbnw*

whxj òl |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw

`sh `bwn |n ch gnowmlhshl `w wuhgm`b

xwhw nf wxuhsmjunwhl òl hod`dhl

Nslhsw no |ah whgnol w|nsmhw nf

|ahwh cxmblmodw/ Nf |ah |tn" |a`|

no |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw

jxga |ah ch||hs" `w m| a`w chho

jnsh g`shfxbb} w|xlmhl mo usnuns|mno

òl lh|`mb `w thbb `w mo shb`|mno |n m|w

unwm|mnoòl |n |ah ho|msh cxmblmod"

|aò |a`| no |ah Gnbnwwhxj/ \amw

Nslhs mw wanto mo Fmd/ 038/ \ah

Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h BM" no |ah bhf|

nf |ah ub`|h"mw |ah umb`w|hs

xwhl mo

|ah C`|awnf

Lmngbh|mò`|

Snjh"òl mw mo|hshw|mod fns |ah usnuns*

|mnow nf m|w ho|`cb`|xsh" `b|anxda

|amw ho|`cb`|xsh mw |nn fmoh mo wg`bh

fns |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ah gnbxjo

m|whbf" tahsh |ah gn`swh fbx|mod òl

335



|fPJ@O*

MNOMG+

NSLHSW

UB@\H BM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BM/-




ah`v} gx||mod nf |ah gù òl c`wh tnxbl nslmo`smb} wxddhw| ` ah`vmhs

òl jxga bhww fmohb}jnxblhl gsntomod jhjchs/ No |amw ub`|h" `| |ah

smda|"mw

`bwn wanto ` wmjubh w}w|hj nf usnuns|mnomod |ah Snjò MnomgNslhs |a`| wanxbl usnvh v`bx`cbh mo shls`tmod ns shusnlxgmod ` gnb*

xjo nf |amw dhohs`b |}uh/ \ah Snjò Mnomg Nslhs ls`to mo Ub`|h

QMMM" U`s| M" wantw no ` b`sdhs wg`bh |ah ho|`cb`|xsh òlgùm|`b

`g*

gnslmod |n Vmdonb`" òl t`w wxuunwhlb} `lù|hl c} amj fsnj |ah

whgnol*w|ns} Nslhs nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" uhsaùw |ah jnw|

ch`x|mfxb hq`jubh nf ò|mpxm|}/ \amw ub`|h wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a

Fmd/ 038" mo tamga |ah `g|x`b Nslhs fsnj |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw

wanto/

\ah Snjò Mnomg Nslhs wanto c} U`bb`lmn mw dmvho mo Ub`|h QMV"

U`s| M" òl wanxbl ch gnju`shl tm|a |a`| dmvho mo Ub`|h QMMM" U`s| M/

M|w wuhgm`b v`bxh bmhw mo |ah f`g| |a`| m| wantw ` gnsomgh tm|a jnlmbbmnow"

tamga mo jnlhso us`g|mgh m| mw fshpxho|b} lhwms`cbh |n xwh tm|a ò Mnomg

gnbxjo9 òl ` ushghlho| fns |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh taho

xwhl mo |amw t`}" m| mw wnjh|mjhw lmffmgxb| |n fmol/

GB@WWMG SNJ@O GNSMO\AM@O\sòwm|mno fsnj Dshhi |n Snjò Nslhs" òl Lmffhshogh ch|thho

|ah \tn/ @ jhsh dbògh `| |ah `sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snjòw wantw

|a`| |ah} lhuholhl xuno smgaohww nf nso`jho|`|mno òl |shjholnxw

wm{h |n jìh ò hffhg| xuno |ah chanblhs/ *

\ah} fnxol |a`| |ah Gn*

smo|amò Nslhs usnvhl |n ch jxga jnsh v`bx`cbh fns |amw uxsunwh |aò

|ah wmjubhs Dshhi `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw9 òl" tm|a |ah unwwmcbh hqghu|mno

nf |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs" m| t`w |amww|}bh

|a`| |ah Snjòw hvmlho|b}

jnw| lhbmda|hl |n xwh/

Hqmw|mod hq`jubhw nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs f`s hqghhl mo oxjchs

ò} nf |ah shj`mow nf n|ahs |}uhw9 òl m| jxw| ch `giontbhldhl |a`|"

|ìho `| m|w chw|" |ahsh `sh Snjò hq`jubhw nf |amw fnsj nf gnbxjo òl

gùm|`b |a`| hqghb |ah $h`sbmhs Dshhi hquhsmjho|w/ \amw wxddhw|hl

gnju`smwno jxw| ch px`bmfmhl c} |ah fxs|ahs w|`|hjho|" anthvhs" |a`|

|ahsh mw on mow|ògh nf ta`| j`} ch gnowmlhshl ò hq`g|b} u`s`bbhb

|sh`|jho| nf |ah Gnsmo|amòw|}bh c}

|ah |tn o`|mnow" mo`wjxga `w |ah

Dshhi hq`jubhw nf |ah \nths nf |ah Tmolw òl |ah Jnoxjho| nf

B}wmgs`|hw `sh pxm|h s`lmg`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah wxgghhlmod Snjò

Gnsmo|amò/ M| jxw| `bwn ch w`ml |a`| |ahsh mw on Snjò hq`jubh

tamga hpx`bw molhbmg`g}" shfmohjho|" ns w|shod|a" |a`| xwhl mo |ah

\anbnw `| Huml`xsnw" ` uxsh Dshhi |}uh/

337




@w `bsh`l} mo|mj`|hl" |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs j`} ch gnowmlhshl

`w |}umg`bb}Snjò mo

wumsm|òl lhvhbnujho|" mo |ah w`jh t`} |a`|

|ah Dshhi Lnsmg j`} ch gnowmlhshl |}umg`bb} Dshhi/ \ah fmo`b lhvhb*

nujho| nf |ah Snjò Gnsmo|amò gùm|`blmffhsw j`|hsm`bb} fsnj |ah

|ashh thbb*ionto Dshhi hq`jubhw9 molhhl" |ah nob} fh`|xshw |ah} unw*

whww mo gnjjno `sh |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah bh`vhw xwhl mo gnvhsmod |ah chbb

nx|bmoh nf |ah gùm|`b" òl |ah dhohs`b `ssòdhjho| nf |ahgùm|`b m|whbf/

\ah fnbm`dh v`smhw dsh`|b} mo |ah lmffhsho| hq`jubhw/ Mo jxga nf |ah

Snjò tnsi m| mw ohm|ahs `w lhgns`|mvh" `w gnovho|mno`b" ons `w shfmohl

`w mo Dshhi hq`jubhw" òl dhohs`bb} gnsshwunolw jnsh oh`sb} tm|a |ah

o`|xs`b fnsjw/

\ahgùm|`b

mw |ah jnw| lmw|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

Nslhs" òl m| mw `bt`}w fmsw| gnowmlhshl mo ò} lhwgsmu|mno nf |amww|}bh

nf `sgam|hg|xsh/ Mo dhohs`b m| j`} ch w`ml |a`| |ah Snjò Gnsmo|amò

gùm|`bmw c`whl xuno |ah fnsj xwhl mo |ah \hjubh nf

Kxum|hs Nb}juxw

`| @|ahow/ Whh Ub`|h BMM/-

\ah dsh`| gnofxwmno o`|xs`bb} `||holmod |ah hshg|mno nf cxmblmodw

c}|ah

Snjò Hjuhsnsw" |anxda hqhgx|hl tanbb} c} Dshhi `s|mw|w"

`sgam|hg|w" òl tnsijho" jìhw m| wnjhta`| lmffmgxb| |n hw|`cbmwa `

lmvmlmod bmoh ch|thho Dshhi òl Snjò tnsi mo ghs|`mo thbb*ionto

`sgam|hg|xs`b jnoxjho|w/ \ahgùm|`b

fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs

Nb}juxw mw ò mow|ògh mo hvmlhogh/ \amw cxmblmod mw v`smnxwb} |hsjhl

Dshhi ns Snjò c} lmffhsho| `x|ansm|mhw" `ggnslmod |n |ahms nto uhs*

wno`b bhòmodw/ M| a`wfmo`bb} whhjhl chw| |n mogbxlh |ah Gnsmo|amò

Nslhs fsnj |amw |hjubh wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl |ah \hjubh ns @pxhlxg|

nf A`lsmò- `w Snjò tnsi" `b|anxda m| t`w xolnxc|hlb} g`ssmhl nx|

òl hqhgx|hl c} Dshhiw" òl |a`|" |nn" `| ` uhsmnl taho |ahms o`|mvh

|`w|h gòon| ch wxuunwhl |n a`vh chho jxga `ffhg|hl c} Snjò mo*

fbxhogh/ Ohvhs|ahbhww" |amw molmvmlx`b hq`jubh mw wn oh`sb} `bbmhl |n

|ah b`|hs Snjò |sh`|jho| |a`| m| j`} ch gnowmlhshl `bnod tm|a |ahms

fnsj nf |ah Gnsmo|amògùm|`b

s`|ahs |aò tm|a |ah n|ahs òl vhs}

lmffhsho| hq`jubhw tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} fnxol mo Dshhgh m|whbf/

M| jxw| on| chfnsdn||ho"

anthvhs" |a`| |amw Nslhs mw nf Dshhi

tnsijòwamu9 òl wn" amw|nsmg`bb}"m| nggxumhw ` unwm|mno jmlt`} ch*

|thho |ah h`sbmhs Dshhi hquhsmjho|w òl |ah Nslhs |a`| |ah Snjòw

b`|hs g`ssmhl |n wn dsh`| ` lhdshh nfuhsfhg|mno/ On|

nob} lnhw |amw

ùub} |n |ahgùm|`b mo tamga |ah `tit`sl g`ss}mod nx| nf |ah xuuhs

ubmo|a ns `c`gxw |n ` wa`su unmo| no |ah gnsohs wanxbl ch on|hl cx|



UB@\H B0M/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wmx_X wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMB-




`bwn |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf" tamga b`|hs m| j`} ch mo|hshw|mod |n gnj*

u`sh tm|a |a`| xwhl no |ah Jnoxjho| nf B}wmgs`|hw" `bnod tm|a wnjh

nf |ah b`|hs Snjò ho|`cb`|xshw/

\ahsh `sh nob} |tn |}uhw nf c`whw xwhl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|amò gnb*

xjo c} |ah Snjòw/ Cn|a nf |ahwh |}uhw `sh wanto mo Fmd/ 036/ @|

@ mw wanto |ah c`wh jnxblmod fsnj |ah \hjubh nf A`lsmò `| @|ahow9

òl `| G" |ah fnsj dmvho c} U`bb`lmn/ \amw b`||hs hq`jubh j`} ch

|ìho `w |ah jnw| oh`sb} |}umg`bfnsj nf Gnsmo|amò xw`dh9 |anwh no |ah

C`wmbmg` nf @o|nomoxw òl F`xw|mo` òl |ah @sga nf Gnow|ò|moh" fns

hq`jubh"`sh

hvho wmjubhs" chmod|ah

w`jh`w |ah U`bb`lmò Mnomg c`whw

wanto `| G mo Fmd/ 033/ Jnsh hb`cns`|h fnsjw" cx| fnsjw |a`| `sh

s`shb} xwhl |n*l`}" usnc`cb} chg`xwh |ah jnlhso Gnsmo|amò Nslhs

Fmd/ 036/

whblnj hpx`bw mo wm{h |ah Snjò |}uh |n tamga |ah jò} jhjchsw nf

|ahwh c`whw `sh hwuhgm`bb} wxm|hl" `sh wanto `| C òl L mo Fmd/ 036" |ah

fmsw| chmod fsnj |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso" òl |ah whgnol fsnj |ah Nslhs

nf Vmdonb`/

Tambh m| a`w `bsh`l} chho w`ml |a`| |ah gasnonbndmg`b whpxhogh nf

Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh mw on| j`|hsm`bb} mjuns|ò| mo fnbbntmod m|w usnghww

nf lhvhbnujho|" w|mbb m| mw mow|sxg|mvh |n |s`gh `w oh`sb} `w unwwmcbh |ah

l`|h*shb`|mno nf |ah lmffhsho| hq`jubhw" `w |amw tmbb ahbu jnsh ns bhww |n

want |ah lhvhbnujho| òl lhgbmoh nf |ahw|}bh

mo |ah lmffhsho| Snjò

uhsmnlw/ Wnjh nf |ah b`|hs Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh mw `w uxsh `w |ah

h`sbmhs tnsi9 òl wnjh nf |ah h`sbmhs tnsi mw `w lhc`whl `w jnw| nf |a`|

lnoh lxsmod |ah |amsl gho|xs}/ @w ` sxbh |ah Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh nf




`cnx| |ah uhsmnl nf @xdxw|xw mw |ah jnw| shfmohl" cx| lxsmod |ah shmdow

nf cn|a \s`kò òl A`lsmò" |ahsh t`w hvmlhoghl ` Sho`mwwògh ns

|holhog} |n sh|xso |n |ah ch`x|} òl uxsm|} nf |ah h`sbmhs uhsmnl/

\hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw" @|ahow/ M| mw thbb" |aho" |n shjhjchs

|a`| |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow" chdxo `cnx| 045 C/ G/"

|ah Nslhs fsnj tamga mw wanto mo Ub`|h BM\" t`w fmomwahl `cnx| 004

@/ L/" c} A`lsmò/ \ah lhwmdo nf |ahgùm|`b t`w usnc`cb} lh|hs*

jmohl `| ` l`|h oh`s |ah chdmoomod nf |ah tnsi" unwwmcb} c} Gnw*

Fmd/ 074/ H`sb} Gnsmo|amò Gùm|`b/

wx|mxw" `b|anxda m| mwbmihb}

|a`| |ah tnsijòwamu nf jò} nf |ahwh

gùm|`bw chbnodw |n ` jxga b`|hs l`|h/ \ah gnbxjow nf |amw |hjubh

thsh 81 fhh| mo ahmda|/

@o h`sb} Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b Fmd/ 034-" |ìho fsnj |ah gaxsga

nf W/ Omggnbn mo G`sghsh" wantw ` gùm|`b" hvmlho|b} nf Dshhi tnsi*

jòwamu" tamga ch`sw ` gbnwh shb`|mno |n |anwh hjubn}hl mo |ah \hjubhnf

Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow/

\hjubh nf G`w|ns òl Unbbxq" Gns`/ \ahgùm|`b fsnj |ah \hjubh

nf G`w|ns òl Unbbxq Fmd/ 031- mw noh nf |ah shj`mow fnxol `| Gns`"

òl mw `w xolnxc|hl} nf Dshhi tnsijòwamu `w m| mw ò h`sb} Snjò

hq`jubh nf |ah Nslhs/ \amw mw òn|ahs nf |ah ls`tmodw c} Hjòxh-



Umd 031/ Snjò Gnsmo|amò Gùm|`b òl C`wh/ Shw|ns`|mno/-

Fsnj ls`tmod c} Hmoòxhb Csxoh/




Csxoh/ \ah c`wh mw ò mo|hshw|mod hq`jubh nf ò h`sb} Snjò Gn*

smo|amò nx|bmoh9 òl |ah gùm|`b mw wnjhta`| wans|hs mo usnuns|mno |aò

|ah b`|hs Snjò |}uh/ \ah bh`f`dh òl nso`jho|`|mno `sh vhs} oh`s|ah Dshhi mo fhhbmod" òl m| wanxbl ch on|hl ant

gbnwhb} |ah bh`vhw mo

|ahms usnfmbh fnbbnt |ah dsnt|a òl hjua`wm{h |ah nx|bmohw nf |ah gnb*

xjo m|whbf/ \ah gùm|`b `bsh`l} shfhsshl |n òl wanto mo Fmd/ 05= mw

usnc`cb} nf `cnx| |ah w`jh l`|h9 òl cn|a |ahwh hq`jubhw" `bnod tm|a

|ah |tn ns |ashh n|ahs h`sbmhw| Snjò xwhw nf |ah Nslhs" want ` jh|anl

nf |sh`|jho| òl ` w|shod|a nf nx|bmoh |a`| mw |nn nf|ho b`gimod mo n|ahs

Snjò tnsi/

\hjubh nf J`sw Xb|ns" Snjh/ @jnod |ah h`sbmhw| Snjò cxmbl*

modw xuno tamga |amw Nslhs t`w hjubn}hl" mw |ah \hjubh nf J`sw

Xb|ns ns J`sw Vhodhxs" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| <3 C/ G/" nf tamga |ashh

gnbxjow shj`mo w|òlmod mo |ah Fnsxj/ \amw cxmblmod" c`gimod xu

`d`mow| |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb" fnsjhl ` u`s| nf |ah Fnsxj nf @xdxw|xw"

òl `bsh`l} lmwub`}w`

ch`x|mfxbb} lhvhbnuhl Snjò |}uh Fmd/ 03=-/

\amw Nslhs mw wanto mo ò/ hods`vmod fsnj òn|ahs nf |ah f`jnxw

Csxoh ls`tmodw" |ah nsmdmo`b chmod |ah usnuhs|} nf |ah J`ww`gaxwh||wMow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}/ \ah nsmdmo`b t`w ls`to `| ` wg`bh nf |tn

gho|mjh|hsw uhs jh|hs `cnx| hpxmv`bho| |n |ah noh*px`s|hs moga

wg`bh nf nxs w}w|hj nffmdxsmod/ \ah |shjholnxw wm{h nf |ah cxmblmod"

òl |ah wg`bh nf |ah lmffhsho| u`s|w" j`} ch hw|mj`|hl fsnj |ah w|huw

òl |ah ahmda| nf |ah fmdxshw wanto mo |ah bnths uns|mno nf* |ah

ls`tmod/ #@wmlh fsnj |ah ch`x|} nf |ah sholhsmod" |ah w|xlho| wanxbl

on|mgh u`s|mgxb`sb} |a`| |ah gnbxjow `sh `bb sholhshl vhs} bmda|b}"

|ah dhohs`b hffhg| chmod `bjnw| tam|h mo fsno| nf |ah c`gidsnxol"

tamga" `b|anxda on| ho|mshb} mo wa`lnt" mw sholhshl l`sihs |n want

|a`| m| mw no ` ubòh f`s|ahs c`gi |aò |ah gnbxjow/ \amw ls`tmod

lmwub`}w tm|a xoxwx`b ch`x|} nf sholhsmod |ah wa`f|w òl fxbb usn*

uns|mnownf |ah Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs" òl" mogmlho|`bb}" ` vhs}

shw|s`mohl hq`jubh nf ` Snjò lnnst`} ùusnusm`|h fns xwh tm|a

|ah Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo/

\ah \hjubhnf

Gnognsl"shcxmb|

c} @xdxw|xw ùusnqmj`|hb}4

C/ G/" a`w ò hq|shjhb} ch`x|mfxb gùm|`b òl ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah gùm*

|`b gno|`mow |tn s`j$w ah`lw xwhl mo |ah ub`gh nf |ah jnsh gnovho|mno`b

gnsohs vnbx|hw9 cx| |amw hggho|smgm|}" tm|a |ah gnowhpxho| bnww nf wa`su*

ohww nf nx|bmoh nf |ah gùm|`b m|whbf" mw on| wxffmgmho| |n wunmb|ah hffhg| nf

|ah Nslhs `w ` tanbh/

375



Fmd* 03=/ Lh|`mb fsnj \hjubh nf J`sw Vhodhxs" Snjh/ Shw|ns`|mno/-

Fsnj ls`tmod c} Hj`oxhb Csxoh/




Uò|ahno" Snjh/ \ah uns|mgn nf |ah Uò|ahno mw nf h`sbmhs l`|h

|aò |ah shj`molhs nf |ah cxmblmod/ \amw cxmblmod t`w hshg|hl no

|ah wm|h nf ò h`sbmhs |hjubh cxmb| c} @dsmuu` wnjh |mjh lxsmod |ah

shmdo nf @xdxw|xw C/ G/ 34 @/ L 0<- 9òl |ah ushwho| ho|sògh uns*

|mgn gno|`mow hmda| gnbxjow nf |ah nsmdmo`b |ho*gnbxjo uhlmjho|hl

hol nf |ah nblhs cxmblmod/ \amw `ggnxo|w fns |ah f`g| |a`| |ah wmlhw nf

|ah cs`gih|w" ns jnlmbbmnow" mo |ah gnsomgh nf |ah uhlmjho| `sh on| hq*

`g|b} uhsuholmgxb`s" cx|wbmda|b}

mogbmohl/ \amw lmffhshogh tnxbl

o`|xs`bb}nggxs mo `lù|mod |ah |tn mogbmohl gnsomghw nf |ah h`sbmhs

uhlmjho| |n |ah lmffhsho| wbnuh shpxmshl c} |ah o`ssnths c`wh nf |ah

oht uhlmjho| f`gh/ \ah lho|mb gnxswh mo |ah gnsomgh a`w ohvhs chho

g`svhl whh Ub`|h BMMM-/ \ah gnbxjow fsnj cn|a |ah mo|hsmns òl

|ah hq|hsmns nf |ah Uò|ahno `sh wxuhsc fnsjw nf |ah chw| |}uh nf Sn*

jò Gnsmo|amò/ \ah snxol u`s| nf |ah cxmblmod l`|hw fsnj `cnx|

035 @/ L/ \ah Nslhsw xwhl no |ah Uò|ahno `sh nf `wuhgm`b mo|hshw|

fsnj |ah f`g| |a`| |amw cxmblmod wantw wmlh c} wmlh |ah lmffhsho| tnsi*

modw nx| nf |ah w`jh Nslhs taho xwhl no |ah hq|hsmns òl mo|hsmns 50 `

jnoxjho|`b cxmblmod/ \ahshfnsh |ah lmffhshoghw lmwub`}hl mo |ahv`smnxw usnuns|mnow òl shb`|mnow nf |ah jnxblmodw òl |ah ub`gmod nf

|ah nso`jho| mo |ahwh |tn Nslhsw" `sh jnw| wxddhw|mvh" òl" xo|mb |ah

sh`wnow gnvhsmod |ahms `ssòdhjho| `sh ùushaholhl" tmbb lhwhsvh

g`shfxb w|xl}/

\hjubhw nf Vhw|`/ \ahsh `sh |tn \hjubhw nf Vhw|`" usnc`cb}

cn|a hshg|hl lxsmod |ah shmdo nf @xdxw|xw/ \ah noh mo Snjh" nf

tamga |ashh wbholhs gnbxjow `sh w|mbb w|òlmod mo |ah Fnsxj" t`w noh

nf |ah jnw| ch`x|mfxb hq`jubhw nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh" òl t`w usnc*

`cb} nf Dshhi tnsijòwamu/ \ah n|ahs" ` gmsgxb`s |hjubh nvhs*

aòdmod |ah dnsdh nf |ah smvhs `| \mvnbm" a`w `gùm|`b vhs} wmjmb`s mo

dhohs`b ga`s`g|hs òl nx|bmoh |n |ah |tn hq`jubhw mbbxw|s`|hl fsnj

Gns`/ \ah |hjubh m|whbf a`w ` ghbb`" tamga }h| sh|`mow noh nf m|w |tn

tmolntw òl ` lnnst`}" |ah b`||hs mbbxw|s`|hl whu`s`|hb} no ùb`|h

|a`| mw shfhsshl |n b`|hs/ \amw ghbb` mw 30 fhh| mo lm`jh|hs" unwwmcb}

nf ò h`sbmhs l`|h |aò |ah 01 gnbxjow nf |ah

uhsmw|}bh

tamga wxssnxol

m|/ \ahwh gnbxjow `sh 01 fhh| 8 mogahw amda" òl `sh ub`ghl no `

unlmxj 6 fhh| amda/ \ah gnbxjow" m| tmbb ch whho" `sh s`|ahs w|xju}

mo hffhg|" chmod nob} `cnx| =K lm`jh|hsw amda" tm|a |ah gùm|`b0 lm`jh*

|hs usnuns|mnow nf xoxwx`b w|shod|a" òlhvmlho|b}

mo u`s| `lù|hl

|n |ah bng`|mno nf |ah |hjubh no |ah|nu nf ` gbmff nvhsaòdmod |ah smvhs

373



SNJ@O_NNSMO\AM@O$NSLHS_

_U@O\AHNO

HQ\HSMNS> MO\HSMNS>

UB@\H BMMM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMMM/-




chbnt/ \ah g`svmod nf |ahwh

gùm|`bw mwhwuhgm`bb} vmdnsnxw òl

jnw| hffhg|mvhb} wxm|hl |n |ah usn*

uns|mnow nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|/

Whh Fmd/ 075-/

\ahsh mw jxga iontbhldh nf

Dshhi ushghlho| lmwub`}hl mo |amw

shj`si`cbh hq`jubh9 cx| |ah

|sh`|jho| mw }h| onvhb" nsmdmo`b"

òl" `bb mo `bb" noh nf |ah jnw|

mo|hshw|mod gùm|`bw nf |ah Snjò

Gnsmo|amò fnsj/ \ahsh mw `

vmdns mo |ah ub`gmod" gx||mod" òl

lmw|smcx|mno nf |ah jhjchsw |a`|

lmwub`}w dsh`| w|shod|a" vmsmbm|}"

òl fhhbmod no |ah u`s| nf m|w

lhwmdohs/

Gnju`smwnonf \ashh

Hq`j:umhw/ \ah ahmda| òl usnuns|mnow

nf |ah gnbxjow nf |ashh nf |ah

chw|*ionto hq`jubhw nf |ah Gn*

smo|amò Nslhs j`} ch mo|hshw|*

modb} gnju`shl/ \ah gnbxjo

xwhl mo |ah Uns|mgn nf |ah Uò*

|ahno mw <8 fhh| 7 mogahw amda 9mo

|ah \hjubh nf G`w|ns" <1 fhh| 7

mogahw9 òl mo |ah \hjubh nf

J`sw Xb|ns" 84 fhh| = mogahw/

\ah usnuns|mnow nf |ahms lm`jh*

|hsw |n |ahms ahmda|w `shshwuhg|*

mvhb}0 |n =K" 0 |n 05m òl 0 |n

05" mogbxlmod |ah wpx`sh ubmo|a9

|ah mo|hs*gnbxjom`|mnow`sh 3r"

A" A" shwuhg|mvhb}/ \ah w|xs*

lmhs ns ah`vmhs |ah gnbxjo" |ah

dsh`|hs |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/

\hjubh nf Jmohsv`" @wwmwm/

\ahsh mw ò hq`jubh nf |ah @xdxw*

*SNJ@O*

GNSMO\AM@O*

\MVNBM

Fmh/ 075/

378



BMV/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BMV/-




|ò hs` |a`| mw gnju`s`|mvhb} bm||bh ionto |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf

Jmohsv` `| @wwmwm/ \ahgùm|`bw shwhjcbh |anwh nf |ah \hjubh nf

G`w|ns òl Unbbxq `| Gns`/ \ah w|huw nf |amw hq`jubh `sh g`ssmhl

c`gi ch|thho |ah gnbxjow" tamga |ahshfnsh a`vh |ah ùuh`sògh nf

chmod ub`ghl no uhlhw|`bw/ \amw mw |ah nob} M|`bmò hq`jubh nf |amw

gxw|nj" `b|anxda m| mwngg`wmno`bb} fnxol xwhl mo W}smò cxmblmodw"

tahsh uhlhw|`bw `sh fshpxho|b} xwhl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|amò `w thbb `w

tm|a |ah n|ahs Snjò Nslhsw/

\hjubh nf @o|nomoxw òl F`xw|mo`" / Snjh/ \ah \hjubh nf

@o|nomoxw òl F`xw|mo` mw ò hqghu|mno`bb} uxsh hq`jubh" `b|anxda

nf b`|h l`|h/ Unwwmcb} ` Dshhi `s|mw| j`} a`vh chho hjubn}hl no |amw

tnsi" mo tamga g`wh m|w ch`x|} òl shfmohjho| j`} ch hqub`mohl c}

|a`| f`g|/ \amw |hjubh mw wanto mo Ub`|h BMV" òl mw nf wuhgm`b mo|hshw|

ntmod |n |ah xoxwx`b kxldjho| lmwub`}hl mo |ah nso`jho|`|mno nf |ah

ho|`cb`|xsh/ \ah g`svhl jhjchsw `sh ahsh `b|hso`|hl òl gno*

|s`w|hl tm|a |ah ub`mo jnxblmodw" tm|a ` shwhsvh òl lmwgsh|mno |a`| mw

whblnj `||`mohl mo Snjò tnsijòwamu/ \ah gùm|`b wxddhw|w `

w|xl} nf |ah ch||hs òl h`sbmhs Dshhi òl Snjò fnsjw/

\hjubh nf Omjhw" Fsògh/ \ah J`mwno G`sshh ns \hjubh nf

Omjhw mo Fsògh Fmd/ 070-" |n tamga |ah ùusnqmj`|h l`|h nf 033

@/ L/ a`w chho dmvho" j`} ghs|`mob} ch mogbxlhl tm|amo |ah l`|hw j`si*

mod |ah chdmoomod òl |ah hol nf A`lsmò$w shmdo 004*071 @/ L/-/

\amw |hjubh mw shg|òdxb`s mo waùh" òl mw s`mwhl no ` unlmxj òl

ùusn`gahl c} ` fbmda|nf

w|huw/ \ah gnbxjow nf |amw |hjubh `sh 75

fhh| amda" tm|a ` lm`jh|hs nf 6 fhh| = mogahw" òl |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno

mw |tn lm`jh|hsw/ \amw cxmblmod mw |n*l`} mo ò hqghu|mno`bb} dnnl

w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno/

\hjubh nf |ah Wxo" Snjh/ No |ah w`jh ub`|h tm|a |ah Nslhs

fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @o|nomoxw òl F`xw|mo` Ub`|h BMV-" mw wanto |ah

Nslhs fsnj |ah \hjubh nf |ah Wxo no |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb/ \amw cxmbl*

mod" n|ahstmwh g`bbhl |ah Fsno|mwumhgh ns Uns|mgn nf Ohsn" t`w cxmb| c}

@xshbmò no amw sh|xso fsnj U`bj}s` mo 347 @/ L/" òl |ah tnsi mw

hqghu|mno`bb}

shfmohl mo ga`s`g|hs fns wn b`|h ` l`|h/ \ahg`svmod

òl

nso`jho|`|mno `sh ahsh `ssòdhl tm|a ` lmwgsh|mno tns|a} nf tnsi nf

` ch||hs uhsmnl/ \ah fnsj nf |ah ho|`cb`|xsh m|whbf mw xoxwx`b" tm|a

|ah cs`gih|w |a`| thsh `f|hst`slw shbhd`|hl |n ch xwhl tm|a |ah Gnj*

unwm|h Nslhs9 òl |ah jnlmbbmno gnxswh fnsjw |ah usmogmu`b jhjchs nf

|ah chl*jnxbl9 cx| |ah usnuns|mnow |n noh òn|ahs nf |ah whu`s`|h




u`s|wnf |amw gnsomgh `sh shj`si`cb} wxgghwwfxb" òl |ah fnbm`|hl wgsnbb

g`svmod nf |ah fsmh{h mw lnoh tm|a wxga w|shod|a òl vmdns nf gnjun*

wm|mno |a`| m|w xwh mw ahsh `jub} kxw|mfmhl/ @ f`xb| tamga mw jnsh ù*

u`sho| mo |ah ub`|h |aò mo |ah `g|x`b cxmblmod" mw |a`| |ah ho|msh ho|`c*

b`|xsh mw wnjhta`| ah`v} òl nvhs*b`sdh mo wg`bh fns |ah lm`jh|hs òl

|amgiohww nf |ah gnbxjo òlgùm|`b

tamga wxuuns| m|/ \ah gnbxjo

mw 81 fhh| amda" òl |ah ho|`cb`|xsh mw oh`sb} 06 fhh| amda/

Gnju`smwno nf H`sb} òl B`|h Hq`jubhw/ M| wanxbl ch on|mghl

|a`| h`ga nf |ahwh Nslhsw mogsh`whw mo hb`cns`|hohww nf g`svmod òl nf

lhwmdo nvhs m|w ushlhghwwnsw/ Mo ghs|`mo nf |ahj" |amw a`w shwxb|hl mo `

jhsh gnjubhqm|} nf jnxblmod òl g`svhl lh|`mb" nf|ho tm|anx| wxffm*

gmho| jhòmod ns ùu`sho| sh`wno" òl tm|anx| lxh shb`|mno |n m|w ub`gh

ns |n |ah jnxblmod tamga m| mw mo|holhl |n nso`jho|/ \ahgùm|`bw

|ahjwhbvhw lmwub`} |amw w`jh sh|sndshwwmno9 òl mo ub`gh nf |ah gsmwu

bh`f`dh òl gx||mod" |ah fmsj xusmda| bmohw" |ah lhgmwmno nf gnjunwm|mno"

òl |ah cnblohww nf j`wwmod nf |ah Dshhi òl h`sb} Snjò hq`jubhw"

|ah} sxo |n jhsh usnfxwmno nf nso`jho|/ \ah nx|bmoh ùuh`sw fb`cc}"

òl |ah gùm|`b nf mowxffmgmho| w|shod|a |n shwmw| |ah wxuhsmjunwhl

thmda|/ \ah chbb nf |ah gùm|`b mw wnho|mshb} gnvhshl tm|a fnbm`dh |a`|

m| mw jhshb} shw|bhww òl jnon|nonxwb} xomo|hshw|mod mo j`ww/

\amw lmffhshogh mw thbb gno|s`w|hl mo Ub`|h BMM" tahsh ò h`sb}

hq`jubh |ah noh xwhl no |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow-

òl noh nf |ah b`|h Nslhsw |a`| nf |ah \hjubh nf W`|xso `| Snjh-

`sh cn|a wanto |ndh|ahs/ \ah fmsw| mw u`s|b} Dshhi" òl |ahshfnsh

shw|s`mohl mo m|w lhwmdo9 |ah b`w|" tanbb} Snjò òl |ahshfnsh nvhs*

fbnsml mo m|w nso`jho|`|mno/

Vmdo nb`$w Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/ \ah Nslhs wanto mo Fmd/ 073 mw |ah

vhswmno nf Snjò Gnsmo|amò dmvho c} Vmdonb`" òl" tambh fnxolhl no

nbl hq`jubhw" m| `g|x`bb} l`|hw fsnj |ah uhsmnl nf |ah Sho`mwwògh/

\n |amw w`jh |mjh `bwn chbnodw |ah hq`jubh wanto mo Ub`|h BV" lmw*

ub`}mod |ah jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno/

Vmdonb`$w hq`jubh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs mw wxuunwhl |n ch

lhsmvhl fsnj |ah v`smnxw jnoxjho|w mo

Snjh"òl

u`s|mgxb`sb}fsnj

|ah gmsgxb`s \hjubh nf |ah Uò|ahno" òl fsnj |ashh gnbxjow tamga

`sh w|mbb w|òlmod |n*l`} mo |ah Snjò Fnsxj/ @f|hs a`vmod gnju`shl

`bb |ahms lh|`mbw òl usnuns|mnow" ah hw|`cbmwahl ` sxbh tamga" tm|anx|

j`|hsm`bb} lmffhsmod fsnj |ah ògmho| fnsjw" dmvhw wxga ` shb`|mno |a`|

` jnlmbbmno `bt`}w nggxsw no |ah `qmw nf |ah gnbxjo9òl |ah hddw*òl*



Snjò Gnsmo|amò Gnbxjow fsnj \hjubh nf G`w|ns òl Unbbxq/

Mo |ah Fnsxj" Snjh/



Fmd/ 073/




l`s|w" lho|mbw" òl n|ahs jnxblmod nso`jho|`|mnow `bwn gnsshwunol mo

`qmw tm|a |ah gnbxjow" `w j`} ch fnxol c} ls`tmod nx| |amw Nslhs

tm|a |ah jh`wxshjho|w dmvho/ \ah c`wh nf |amw gnbxjo mw wmjmb`s |n

|a`| `bsh`l} wanto mo |ah Mnomg hq`jubh" Ub`|h QMMM" U`s| M9 cn|a ch*

mod lhsmvhl fsnj |ah Dshhi @||mg c`wh" cx| |ah Gnsmo|amò c`wh mw jnsh

wxc|b} jnxblhl òl dhohs`bb} mogbxlhw noh ns |tn jhjchsw jnsh |aò

|ah Mnomg/ Mo cn|a |ahwh c`whw |ah jhjchsw `sh snxol mo ubò" òl

hol mo ` |nsxw shw|mod xuno ` ub`mo ubmo|a" wpx`sh mo ubò òl shg|ò*

dxb`s mo hbhv`|mno/

\ah uhlhw|`b nf |amw Nslhs mwwxffmgmho|b}

thbb hqub`mohl mo |ah

ub`|h m|whbf" cx| m| j`} `d`mo ch shuh`|hl |a`| |ah uhlhw|`b mw on| wn

jxga ò `x|aho|mg u`s| nf |ah Snjò Nslhs `w m| mw ` gsh`|mno nf |ah

Sho`mwwògh/ No |amw ub`|h |ah uhlhw|`b mw wanto tm|a ` ohgimod

tamga gòon| ch gnowmlhshl `w ò mov`sm`cbh `lkxog| |n m|w xwh tm|a

|ah Snjò Nslhs/ \ah gùm|`b m|whbf" mo |amw hq`jubh" j`} ch gsm|m*

gmwhl on| nob} fns b`gi nf shfmohjho| mo |ah |sh`|jho| nf |ahfnbm`dh"

òl nvhs*bxqxsmògh mo |ah jh|anl nf m|w ùubmg`|mno" cx| `bwn *fns `

ghs|`mo gbxjwmohww lmshg|b} `||smcx|hl |n |ah |amgiohww |asnxda |ah

gùm|`b chmod dsh`|hs |aò |ah lm`jh|hs `| |ah ohgi nf |ah gnbxjo" òl

|n |ah f`g| |a`| |ah fnbm`dh a`w ` |holhog} |n wthbb nx| |nnsùmlb}"

jìmod |nn dsh`| ` gno|s`w| tm|a |ah wbholhs nx|bmoh lmjhowmnow nf |ah

wa`f| chbnt/ \amw |holhog} a`w chho gnsshg|hl mo b`|hs tnsi" `b*

|anxda molhhl m| lnhw on| want `| `bb mo |ah Dshhigùm|`bw9 òl |n*l`}

noh nf |ah wxshw| ga`s`g|hsmw|mgw nf |ah chw| Gnbnom`b tnsi mw |a`| |amw

Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b mw g`ssmhl xu tm|a |ah bh`vhw ahbl c`gi òl sh*

w|s`mohl |n fnbbnt |ah ubòh nf |ah gnbxjo chbnt fns wnjh lmw|ògh"

gxsvmod nx| nob} `| |ah|nu"

chbnt |ah vnbx|h òl wj`bbhs g`xbmgxbm/

\ah `c`gxw nf |ah Nslhs mw anbbnthl nx| no |ah fnxs wmlhw òl jnxblhl

`w mo |ah Dshhi fnsj/

\ah ho|`cb`|xsh nf |amw Nslhs mw hwwho|m`bb} lmffhsho| fsnj |a`|

nf ò} |a`| th a`vh ahsh|nfnsh whho" òl j`} ch gnowmlhshl `w chmod

jnsh lmw|mog|b} Snjò |aò ò} n|ahs lh|`mb nf |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/

\ah`sgam|s`vh mw lmvmlhl mo|n |ashh f`wgm`w ns

còlw" whu`s`|hl c} `wj`bb jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} nso`jho|hl/ Molhhl" hvho |ah ubòh

f`ghw nf |ah còlw |ahjwhbvhw `sh wnjh|mjhwhb`cns`|hb} g`svhl/ \ah

fsmh{h mw nf|ho g`svhl usnfxwhb} mo amda shbmhf/ \ah gnsomgh mogbxlhw

|ah jnxblmodw nf |ah Mnomg lho|mbhl chl*jnxbl" tm|a |ah `llm|mno nf `

whsmhw nf cs`gih|w ns jnlmbbmnow Fmd/ 077- pxm|h lmffhsho| fsnj |ah



@JH\ANL+ NFQ75OW\SVG\MOD*

NSLHSW-

JNLXBBW*W$*U@S/\/W* f

z\sjsfs G$ Y

PLJUN7M\H9UB@\H BV/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BV/-



Gnsmo|am`o Gnbxjon/

Fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs" C``bchg" W}sm`/




* 077 *

jx|xbhw nf |ah Dshhiw" cx| hvmlho|b} wxddhw|hl c} |ahj" `b|anxda |ah}

mognsuns`|h" mou`s|" |ah bh`f òl vnbx|h |sh`|jho| nf |ah Gnsmo|amò

gùm|`b/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ahwh jnlmbbmnow t`w fmbbhl c} hb`cns`|hb}

g`svhl uòhbw" òl |ah tanbh

gsntohl c} |ah xwx`b gsntomod

jhjchsw nf |ah gnsomgh" `d`mo

nso`jho|hl no hvhs} unwwmcbh

wxsf`gh/ \ah snxol jnxblmodw

nf |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo òl

|ah jnxblmodw nf |ah c`wh òl

gù nf |ah uhlhw|`b mo |ah Gnsmo*

|amò òl Gnjunwm|h Snjò

Nslhsw" `sh `bwn nf|ho ah`vmb}

hosmgahl c} g`svmod/

\ah wxclmvmwmnow òl usn*

uns|mnow nf jhjchsw gnjunwmod |amw ho|`cb`|xsh òl m|w `sgam|s`vh"

fsmh{h" òl gnsomgh" `sh wanto mo u`s|mgxb`s mo Fmd/ 073/ \ah bmno$w

ah`l g`svhl no |ah xuuhs jhjchs òl gnjmod nvhs |ah jnlmbbmno"

mw wnjh|mjhw ò nckhg| nf lhgns`|mno jhshb}" cx| nf|ho whsvhw `w `

wunx| fns |ah lmwga`sdh nf s`mo*t`|hs d`|ahshl no |ah snnf" òl t`w

hvmlho|b} `lù|hl fsnj ` wmjmb`s nso`jho| hjubn}hl c} |ah Dshhiw/

\ahwh wunx|w `sh xom|hl c} ` dx||hs gx| mo |ah xuuhs jhjchs nf |ah

gnsomgh `| |ah c`gi nf m|w f`gh" mo tamga g`wh |ah nuho jnx|aw mo |ah

ah`lw `sh fxsomwahl tm|a ` umhghnf |mbh |asnxda tamga |ah t`|hs fsnj

|ah snnf

hwgùhw/

\AH GNJUNWM\H NSLHS

\ah @sga nf \m|xw Fmd/ 07<- gno|`mow |ah h`sbmhw| ionto hq`jubh

mo Snjh nf |ah xwh nf |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs/ Anthvhs" tambh |ah fmsw|

hq`jubh mo Snjh" |ahsh `sh w|mbb h`sbmhs nohw hqmw|mod mo gm|mhw nf

@wm` Jmons/ Uhsaùw |ah h`sbmhw| mow|ògh nf |ah xwh nf |amw Nslhs mw

fnxol mo |ah Usno`nw mo |ah \hjubh nfKxum|hs `| @m{òm" tahsh `

gùm|`b Fmd/ 078-tm|a `

wmodbh

snt nf `gò|axw bh`vhw mw xwhl tm|a `

vnbx|h/ \amw l`|hw fsnj |ah fmsw| gho|xs} C/ G/ \amw gùm|`b wxd*

dhw|w |ah unwwmcbh gnoohg|mno ch|thho |ah nso`jho|hl Mnomggùm|`b"

wxga `w xwhl mo |ah Hshga|ahxj" òl |ah b`|hs Snjò Gnsmo|amò òl

Gnjunwm|h gùm|`bw9 wantmod" `w m| lnhw" ùnwwmcbh hvnbx|mno nf |ah

bh`f |sh`|jho| nf |ah fsmh{h fsnj |ahwh fmsw| hq`jubhw |n |ah jnsh hb`cn*



Fmd/ 07</ @sga n| \m|xw/



@sga nf \m|xw" Wantmod Vmht nf Gnbnwwhxj/




G@UM\@B_

s`|h bh`f |sh`|jho| no |ah f`gh nf |ah chbb nf |ah b`|hs gùm|`b kxw| wxga

` |sòwm|mno `w mw wanto mo |amw Dshhi gùm|`b fsnj @m{òm/ Wn m| mw

unwwmcbh |a`| |ah Gnjunwm|h gùm|`b mw jnsh usnuhsb} ò nx|dsnt|a nf

|ah smgahs fnsjw nf |ah

Mnomg Nslhs" tamga j`}a`vh fmsw| wxddhw|hl |ah xwh

nf bh`f`dh chbnt |ah Mnomg

vnbx|hw/

Cx| |ah fxbb lhvhbnu*

jho| nf |ah Gnjunwm|h

fnsj" gnjcmomod `bb |ah

smgahw| òl jnw| hb`cns`|h

u`s|w nf |ah fnsjhs Nslhsw"

mw xolnxc|hlb} lxh |n |ah

Snjòw/ @wmlh fsnj |ah

f`g| |a`| `bb |ah jnxblmodw

nf |amw Nslhs `sh jnsh

hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl hvho|aò mo |ah Gnsmo|amò

cxmblmodw" m|w lmw|modxmwamod

ga`s`g|hsmw|mg mw `d`mo fnxol

mo |ah gùm|`b" tamga t`w ò

ùu`sho| gnjcmo`|mno nf |ah@M[@OM

Fmd/ 078/Gnsmo|amò v`wh*waùhl chbb

`bnod tm|a m|w nso`jho|`b

fnbm`dh" ub`ghl choh`|a |ah vnbx|h òl gùm|`bnf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/

\amw gùm|`b j`} uhsaùw ch gnowmlhshl `w ` dnnl mow|ògh nf |a`|

nvhs*hb`cns`|mno nf |ah Snjòw tamga mw on| gnowmw|ho| tm|a |ah |`w|h

nf |n*l`}/ \amw f`g| jìhw |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs nf bm||bh ushwho|

`lvò|`dh9 òl m| mw ohghww`s} |n |ìh xu òl mbbxw|s`|h nob} ` fht

hq`jubhw" mo nslhs |n gnjubh|h òl snxol nx| |ah usndshww nf Snjò

`sgam|hg|xsh/

M| mw mo |ah Fnsxj nf Ohsv` |a`| |ah fmsw| chdmoomodw nf |ah `sgam*

|hg|xs`b lhg`lhogh nf Snjh j`} ch on|hl/ M| mw ahsh hvmlho|

|a`| mofhsmns `s|mw|w `sh chmod hjubn}hl9 òl |ah gno|moxnxw usndshww

nf |amw lhgbmoh j`} ch on|mghl mo |ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs òl gnsomgh

nf |ah @sga nf Whu|mjxw Whvhsxw" mo |ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|mò" òl hvho

mo |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs hjubn}hl no |ah @sga nf Gnow|ò|moh*

383



UB@\H BVM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BVM/-




\ah Gnjunwm|h Nslhs wanto mo |ah hq`jubh fsnj |ah b`sdh a`bb

nf |ah C`|aw nf Lmngbh|mò `| Snjh" molmg`|hw ta`| j`} ch gno*

wmlhshl |ah xb|mj`|h ua`wh nf |ah lhvhbnujho| nf Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/

\amw Nslhs l`|hw fsnj `cnx| 3=5 @/ L/9 òl" hwuhgm`bb}mo |ah bh`f

|sh`|jho|" |ah lhg`lhogh tamga a`w nvhs|ìho |amw" `bnod tm|a |ah

n|ahs `s|w" mw ub`mob} hvmlhoghl/

\amw Nslhs mw wanto no |ah w`jh ub`|h tm|a |ah Sho`mwwògh vhs*

wmno nf U`bb`lmn Ub`|h BVM-" |ah b`||hs l`|mod ch|thho 0801 òl 0815

@/ L/9 tambh òn|ahs hq`jubh vhs} wmjmb`s |n U`bb`lmn$w fnsj mw wanto

mo Ub`|h BV `bnod tm|a ` jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mno jxga |ah w`jh `w

|a`| hjubn}hl tm|a |ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs ls`to nx| chwmlh m|/ \ah

wmjubh jh|anlw nf usnuns|mnomod |ah Nslhsw wanto mo |ahwh |tn hq*

`jubhw j`} ch gnowmlhshlwxffmgmho|b}

hq`g| |n ch xwhl gxw|nj`smb}

mo snxdamod nx| |ah usnuns|mnow òl nx|bmohw nf |ahwh |tn |}uh fnsjw/

SNJ@O D@\HT@]W @OL \SMXJUA@B @SGAHW

Nf |ah f`jnxw |smxjua`b `sgahw bhf| c} Snjò cxmblhsw" |ah

j`knsm|} hjubn}hl |ah xwh nf |ah Nslhs mo hm|a`s |ah Gnsmo|amò ns

Gnjunwm|h fnsjw/ \ahwh `sgahw thsh dhohs`bb} nf |tn |}uhw/ Mo

noh |ah dsòlhs òl |ah jnsh mjunwmod |ahsh t`w noh b`sdh gho|s`b

`sga fns |ah u`ww`dh nf answhw òl ga`smn|w" tm|a |tn wj`bb `sgahw

fns fnn| u`wwhodhsw"noh no hm|ahs wmlh/ Nf |amw

|}uh"|ah @sga

nf Gnow|ò|moh"/ cxmb| 703 @/ L/Fmd/ 076-" mw uhsaùw |ah chw| hq*

`jubh/ M| mw lhgns`|hl tm|a whu`s`|hl ns lh|`gahl gnbxjow nf

|ah Gnsmo|amò Nslhs" òl mw gsntohl" `w t`w xwx`b mo |amw fnsj nf

jnoxjho|" tm|a ` ah`v} @||mgw|ns}/

M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`|

|ahwh w|sxg|xshw gxw|nj`smb} g`ssmhl ò hb`cns`|h wgxbu|xshl px`lsmd`

nf answhw òl w|`|xhw" tamga tnxbl ln jxga |n cshì |ah wi}*bmoh òl

`ll |n |ah fhw|`b hffhg| nf |ah gnjunwm|mno/

\ah n|ahs |}uh t`w nf ` wmodbh `sga wxuuns|hl c} s`|ahs ah`v}

umhsw"hm|ahs ub`mo ns nso`jho|hl/ Nf |amw |}uh" uhsaùw |ah chw| hq*

`jubh mw |ah @sga nf @ogno`" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 003 @/ L/Fmd/ 074-"

tamga" chmod ub`ghl `| |ah ah`l nf ` fbmda| nf w|huw tahshc} `bnoh m| gò

ch ùusn`gahl" mw wnjhta`| xompxh/

N|ahs Snjò `sgahw thsh cxmb| mo v`smnxw gnbnomhw nf |ah Hjumsh/

Mo jò} g`whw |ah} fnsjhl |ah ho|sògh d`|hw |n ` |nto ns ` fns|mfmhl

g`ju" |anxda fshpxho|b} |ah} thsh ub`ghl `| |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |tg



Fmd/ 074/ @sga nf \s`k`o" @mmgno`




usmogmu`b w|shh|w" tamga thsh usnc`cb} gnbnoo`lhl `bnod wnjh u`s| nf

|ahms bhod|a/

Nf |ahwh bnod gnbnoo`lhl w|shh|w |ahsh `sh jò} shj`mow/ Usnc*

`cb} |ah jnw| mjunwmod `sh |anwh `| U`bj}s`" tahsh |ah honsjnxw

wm{h nf |ah gnbxjow òl |ah shj`momod hvmlhoghw nf |ah dsh`| bhod|a

nf |ahwh w|shh|w jìh |ah sxmow" hvho |n*l`}" |shjholnxwb} mjushwwmvh/

\ah dsh`| wmjubmgm|} òl dnnl usnuns|mnow nf |ah @sga nf \m|xw

jìh m| |ah jnw| wxgghwwfxb nf ò} nf |ahwh w|sxg|xshw/ \ah gnbxjow

`sh `||`gahl |anwh no |ah @sga nf Gnow|ò|moh chmod whu`s`|hl- 9òl

|ah wmjubmgm|}nf |ah tanbh

lhwmdo"tm|a |ah gnogho|s`|mno nf mo|hshw|

`| |ah w`jh |mjh xuno |ah g`svhl uòhbw |a`| gno|s`w| tm|a |ah n|ahs*

tmwh ub`mowxsf`gh nf |ah w|noh" jìhw m|

hwuhgm`bb} gnjjhol`cbh fsnj

` jnlhso unmo|nf vmht/

\ahsh `sh |tn n|ahs Snjò `sgahw hjubn}mod |ah xwh nf |amw

Nslhs |a`| j`} ch wuhgm`bb}jho|mnohl noh nf |ah wmodbh*`sga òl

noh nf |ah |smubh*`sga |}uh/\ah fmsw| nf |ahwh mo unmo| nf l`|h mw |ah

@sga nf Chohvho|xj" 00< @/ L/" hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`kò" tamga mw `

jnw| hb`cns`|hb} g`svhl òl nso`jho|hl hq`jubh nf |ah wmodbh `sga"

ho|mshb} b`gimod |ah dnnl usnuns|mnow nf |ah @sga nf \m|xw/

\ah @sga nf Whu|mjxw Whvhsxw" 357 @/ L/" mw ò hq`jubh nf |ah

|smubh d`|ht`} tm|a lh|`gahl Gnjunwm|h gnbxjow" g`ss}mod bhww `sgam*

|hg|xs`b g`svmod |aò |ah noh `bsh`l} jho|mnohl/

SNJ@O LNNST@]W

\ah lnnst`} wanto mo Fmd/ 071 t`w ls`to òl sholhshl c}

Hjòxhb Csxoh" `| kxw| noh*|ho|a nf m|w nsmdmo`b wm{h" fsnj |ah shj`mow

nf ` lnnst`} mo |ah Lnsmg \hjubh nf Ahsgxbhw `| Gns`/ \ah wg`bh

mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah ls`tmod `| |ah cn||nj molmg`|hw |ah bhod|a nf noh

jh|hs" ns ùusnqmj`|hb} <5 mogahw mo nxs gxw|nj`s} jh|anl nffmdxsmod

7=/74 mogahw" |n ch hq`g|-/ \ah lh|`mbw nf ` wmlh hbhv`|mno nf |ah

cs`gih| ns gnownb wxuuns|mod |ah lnns*gù" `bnod tm|a ` whg|mno |asnxda

|amw gnownb òl |ah `sgam|s`vh wxssnxolmod |ah lnns" `sh ls`to nx| mo

Fmd/ 07=/ \amw lhwmdo wantw w|snodb} |ah mofbxhogh nf Dshhi

ushghlho|tamga th a`vh `bsh`l} fnxol wn jxga mo hvmlhogh mo `bb |ah `sgam|hg*

|xsh nf Gns` òl m|wvmgmom|}"

òl |ahshfnsh m| j`} on| ch gnowmlhshl

`w wn lmw|mog|mvhb}Snjò `w |ah jnsh mjunwmod lnnst`} nf |ah Uò*

|ahno" wanto mo Ub`|h BVMMM/

\ah lnnst`} nf |ah Uò|ahno mw |sxb} Snjò mo m|w usnuns|mnow



Fmd/ 071/ Lnsmg Lnnst`} fsnj Snj`o \hjubh `| Gnsm" M|`b}/




òl |sh`|jho|" òl m|w smgaohww nf nso`jho|/ Mo ub`gh nf |ah wbnumod

nuhomod òl `sgam|s`vh" o`ssnths `| |ah |nu |aò `| |ah cn||nj òl

s`shb} nso`jho|hl tm|a

g`svmod" th fmol ` b`sdh"

shg|òdxb`s nuhomod tm|a

uhsuholmgxb`s k`jcw nso`*

jho|hl no |ahms f`gh c} `

Gb`wwmg `sgamvnb| tm|a hb`c*

ns`|hb}g`svhl jnxblmodw"

òl wxsjnxo|hl tm|a `

fsmh{h a`vmod ` ub`mo" gxsvhl

wxsf`gh òl ` gnsomgh nf

gnowmlhs`cbh usnkh g | m n o /

\ah jnxblmodw `sh nf `

dnnl |}uhnf Snjò whg*

|mno" òl |ah g`svmod mw xo*

xwx`bb} ùusnusm`|h mo ga`s*

`g|hs |n |ahms nx|bmohw/ \ah

nuhomod mw fmbbhl tm|a ò

hb`cns`|h wgshho nf Gb`wwmg

umb`w|hsw" dsmbbhw"òl lnnsw"

`bb nf csno{h/ \amw jh|`b

tnsi usnc`cb} t`w nsmdmo*

`bb} ub`|hlmo dnbl" òl mw

noh nf |ah chw|*ushwhsvhl

wuhgmjhow nf Snjò lh|`mb

|a`| a`w gnjh lnto |n xw/

FmW* 07= * \amw hb`cns`|h lnnst`} bmhw

`| |ah sh`s nf |ah lhhu Gnsmo|amò uns|mgnno |ah fsno| nf |ah cxmbl*

mod" òl fnsjw |ah j`mo ho|sògh |n |ah gmsgxb`s sn|xol` nf |ah

mo|hsmns/ Whh Ub`|h BVMMM /

SNJ@O TMOLNTW

Snjò tmolnt nuhomodw `sh" mo h`sbmhs cxmblmodw" pxm|h gbnwhb}

gnumhl fsnj Dshhi jnlhbw" `b|anxda mo tnsi nf |ah |sxh Snjò uhsmnl"

wxga `w |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| \mvnbm" |ah jnxblmodw |ahjwhbvhw `sh

Snjò mo |ahms whg|mno nx|bmoh/ \ah_chw| Gb`wwmg tmolntw" anthvhs"

`sh |anwh lhwmdohl lxsmod |ah b`|hs Sho`mwwògh uhsmnl 9òl m| mw ch||hs




|n shvhs| |n wnjh noh nf |ahwh |}uhw `w ` ushghlho| fns xwh no ò} jnl*

hso Gb`wwmg w|sxg|xsh/

SNJ@O JNXBLMODW\ah jnxblmodw hjubn}hl c} |ah Snjòw `sh dhohs`bb}

fnb*

bnthl" |asnxda |ah jhlmxj nf |ah Sho`mwwògh tnsi nf M|`b}òl Hod*

bòl" mo jnw| nf |ah tnsi hqhgx|hl |n*l`}9 òl |ahwh whg|mnow `sh |ahsh*

fnsh hvmlho|b} hvho jnsh mjuns|ò| |n |ah w|xlho| |aò |ah Dshhi

jnxblmodw tamga ah$ a`w`bsh`l} w|xlmhl/ \ah `sgam|hg|w nf |ah M|`bmò

Sho`mwwògh whbhg|hl tm|a `bjnw| mov`sm`cbh dnnl |`w|h |ah chw| jnxbl*

mod whg|mnow hjubn}hl c} |ah Snjòw mo |ah Gb`wwmg hq`jubhw tm|a

tamga |ah} thsh f`jmbm`s9 òl |ahwh w`jh whg|mnow thsh b`|hs gnumhl c}

|ah `sgam|hg|w nf Hodbòl òl n|ahs gnxo|smhw" xo|mb nxs jnlhso jnxbl*

mod vng`cxb`s} mwwxcw|ò|m`bb} gnofmohl fns ushghlho|w |n |ahwh usnfmbhw/

\ah v`smnxw jnxblmod whg|mnow j`} ch w|xlmhl mo Fmd/ 0<5" `w thbb

`w mo `bb |ah n|ahsub`|hw" tamga `sh g`shfxbb} lh|`mbhl fns |amw uxsunwh mo

nslhs |n want |ah dhohs`b uxsunwh òl xwh nf `bb |ah Snjò jnxblmodw

mo gnjjno xwh" wn |a`| |ah v`sm`|mnow òl shfmohjho|w mo |ahms nx|bmohw

gò ch h`wmb} ùushaholhl òl xolhsw|nnl/ Mo w|xl}mod|ahwh ls`t*

modw" hwuhgm`bb} |anwh nf |ah Snjò Nslhs Ub`|hw" m| jxw| ch shjhjchs*

hl |a`| |ah} `sh mo|holhl jhshb} `w ` |}uh ns dhohs`b fnsj nf |ah jò}

v`smh|mhw lhvmwhl c} |ah ògmho|w/ \ah v`smnxw nx|bmohw wanxbl ch

w|xlmhl mo |ah ub`|hw shls`to fsnj nsmdmo`b tnsi òl mo |ah v`smnxw

tnsiw dmvho mo |ah cmcbmndsùa} hbwhtahsh òohqhl/

Mo jò} nf |ah Ub`|hw ahsh shusnlxghl" |ah jnxblmod nso`jho| mo

|ah nsmdmo`b hq`jubhw a`w chho njm||hl mo nslhs |n want jnsh gbh`sb}

|ah jnxblmod nx|bmoh òl whg|mno òl |n gnovh} `| |ah w`jh |mjh |ah

f`g| |a`| |ah Nslhs `bnoh j`} ch hjubn}hl tm|a |ah jmomjxj `jnxo|

nf nso`jho|`|mno òl }h| nc|`mo ` vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns} shwxb|/ Mo n|ahs

g`whw" |ah jnxblmod nso`jho| a`w chho wxddhw|hl nvhs nob} ` wj`bb

uns|mnonf |ah ls`tmod" fns |ah w`jh uxsunwh nf wmjubmf}mod |ah `sgam*

|hg|xs`b hffhg| `w ò `ml |n m|w sh`lmhs gnjushahowmno/ \ah xwh nf

nso`jho|`|mno" |n |ah hq|shjh lhdshh jòmfhw|hl c} |ah Snjòw" mw

hvmlhogh nf ` bxqxsmògh òl ` b`gi nf shfmohjho| no |ah

u`s|

nf |ah

cxmblhsw òl |ah o`|mno `| b`sdh/ Xwhbhww nso`jho| mo ò} hvho| mw

hjubn}hl nob} fns |ah uxsunwh nf sholhsmod xuno |ah chanblhs ò

hffhg| nf dsh`|hs gnw|bmohww9òl m| mw ` jnn|hl unmo| tah|ahs nso`jho|"

`w ùubmhl c} |ah Snjòw mo hb`cns`|h g`svmod no ub`mo wxsf`ghw `w thbb

`w no jnxblmodw" nc|`mow ò hffhg| gnjjhowxs`|h tm|a m|w gnw|/



SNJH@V PV@S\

Fmd/ 0<5




HO\@WMW NF \AH SNJ@O GNBXJO

\ah Snjòw whhj |n a`vh `lnu|hl noh dhohs`b jh|anl nf lmjmo*

mwamod ns |ùhsmod |ahms gnbxjow" hvmlho|b} c`whl no |ah Mnomg òl

Gnsmo|amò wa`f|w nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/ Mo `lù|mod |n |ahms nto uxs*

unwhw |ah Dshhi ho|`wmw" |ah} j`lh on `bbntògh fns |ah f`g| |a`| |ahms

gnbxjow thsh fshpxho|b} xwhl `||`gahl |n ` gxs|`mo t`bb" cx| whhj |n

a`vh cnssnthl |ah Dshhi jh|anl nx|smda|" jhshb} wmjubmf}mod m| fns

|ahms nto sh`lmhs xwh/

\ah dhohs`b usnuns|mnow nf |ah c`whw òl gnbxjow nf |ah Snjò

Nslhsj`}

ch jnshg`shfxbb}

w|xlmhl mo Ub`|h

BVMM"mo tamga |ashh

thbb*ionto hq`jubhw nf gnbxjo wa`f|w `sh ls`to nx| |n ò hpx`b

ahmda|/

\ah Lnsmg wa`f| mw |a`| xwhl mo |ah Vmbb` `| @bcòm oh`s Snjh9|ah

Mnomg gnbxjo mw |ìho fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" `cnx| 055

C/ G/9 òl |ah Gnsmo|amò mw |a`| xwhl no |ah Uò|ahno `| Snjh" `cnx|

035 |n 03< @/ L/" `b|anxda |ah gnbxjo m|whbf mw nf h`sbmhs l`|h/ \ahwh

gnbxjow `sh `bb wanto ls`to nx| |n |ah w`jh ahmda|" cx| a`vh `

lmffhsho| c`wh lm`jh|hs/

\ah Lnsmg gnbxjo mw `cnx| 4R lm`jh|hsw amda 9òl m| tmbb ch on|hl

|a`| mf ` c`wh thsh xwhl tm|a |amw gnbxjo" m| tnxbl csmod m|w ahmda| xu |n

4f lm`jh|hsw" nswxcw|ò|m`bb} |ah hmda| lm`jh|hsw |a`| a`w chho

`lnu|hl mo jnlhso xw`dh fns |ah ahmda| nf |ah Snjò Lnsmg gnbxjo/

\ah f`g| |a`| |amw mw ò h`sb} hq`jubh ju} ahbu |n `ggnxo| fns |ah njmw*

wmno nf |ah c`wh òl fns |ah hq|s` thmda| nf |ah wa`f|/

Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah gnbxjow `sh

1 lm`jh|hswamda""

òl `| |ah |nu |ùhs noh*whvho|a nf |ahms bnths

lm`jh|hs/

\ah Mnomg gnbxjo fsnj |ah \hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw mw 1 lm`jh*

|hsw amda/ \amw gnbxjo" th jxw| shjhjchs" mo m|w nsmdmo`b xwh mo |amw

\hjubh" t`w wanto `||`gahl |n ns lhgns`|mod |ah f`gh nf ` gxs|`mo t`bb/

\ah Mnomg gnbxjo xwhl mo |ah whgnol w|ns}nf |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw

mw = lm`jh|hsw amda/

\ah gnbxjo fsnj |ah Uò|ahno mw `cnx| = lm`jh|hsw amda" òla`w ` gùm|`b hqghbbho|b} usnuns|mnohl mo shb`|mno |n |ah wa`f|/

\ah wa`f| fsnj ò mo|hsmns gnbxjo nf |ah Uò|ahno a`w chho g`sh*

fxbb} jh`wxshl9 òl m|w hq`g| lm`jh|hs `| v`smnxw unmo|w nf m|w ahmda| mw

wanto `| |ah bhf| mo Fmd/ 0<0/ M|w |n|`b ahmda| <3 fhh| 6 mogahw- mw

lmvmlhl mo|n 08 jnlxbhw òl 36u`s|w"

fsnj |ah |nu nf |ah ohgimod |n |ah




GNBVJO|fA@F\

cn||nj nf |ah wa`f|" ch|thho |ah unmo|w wanto no |amw ls`tmod/ H`ga

jnlxbh ns whjm*lm`jh|hs mw wxclmvmlhl mo|n 75u`s|w"

òl |ah lmjmox*

|mno nf |ah gnbxjo mw g`sh*

fxbb} fmdxshl mo |ahwhu`s|w/

@| |ah smda| nf |amw

ls`tmod mw wanto ` wa`f|

lmwub`}mod ` jh|anl tamga

`bjnw|u`s`bbhbw

|a`| hj*

ubn}hl no |ah gnbxjo fsnj

|ah Uò|ahno9 òl |amw

jh|anl j`}" fns dhohs`b

uxsunwhw" ch gnowmlhshl |n

ùub} |n |ah |ùhsmod nf `bb

Snjò wa`f|w/ \ah nob}

lmffhshogh ch|thho |amw

jnlhso jh|anl òl |ah

Gb`wwmg wa`f| nf |ah Uò*

|ahno mw fnxol mo |ah

bnths noh*|amsl nf |ah

ahmda|" tamga" mo |ah Gb`w*

wmg hq`jubh" mow|h`l nf ch*

mod hq`g|b} uhsuholmgxb`s"

chdmow |n fhhb vhs} wbmda|b}

|ah |ùhs nf |ah xuuhs

uns|mno nf |ah wa`f|/ \amw

mw ` shfmohjho| |a`| tnxbl

nslmo`smb} ch |nn wxc|mbh |n

ch ùushgm`|hl ns lmwghsohl9

òl mo `g|x`b us`g|mgh mo `

wa`f| xwhl no |ah hq|hsmns

nf ` cxmblmod" m| mw dhohs`bb}

gnowmlhshl chw| |n mogsh`wh

FmW*

0<0 *

wbmda|b} |ah lm`jh|hs `| |amw

unmo| noh*|amsl nf |ah ahmda| nf |ah wa`f|-" mow|h`l nf lmjmomwamod m|

`w t`w lnoh mo |amw mow|ògh" taho |ah Nslhs t`w xwhl mo |ah mo*

|hsmns" `| ` |shjholnxw wm{h" gnju`s`|mvhb} mwnb`|hl" òl mo wxga `

jòohs |a`| on dsh`| lmw|ògh gnxbl hvhs mo|hsvhoh ch|thho |ah wuhg*

|`|ns òl |ah nckhg| m|whbf/ Fns `bb nslmo`s} uxsunwhw" |ah jh|anl

*U@O\ALO$*MO\HSMNS"$

@*JNLHSO+U@S@BBHB+

36<



@BC@OM@/*7+

DNBVJOW

UB@\H BVMM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmnUb`|h

BVMM/-




wanto `| |ah smda| nf |amw ls`tmod mw wxffmgmho|b} lmw|modxmwahl òl

hq`g|/

SNJ@O UHLMJHO\WFmd/ 0<3 wantw |tn jh|anlw nf usnuns|mnomod ` uhlmjho|/ \ah

xuuhs noh mw |ah Sho`mwwògh gxw|nj |a`| mw wanto c} Whsbmn9 |ah bnths

mw ` jh|anl dmvho c} |ah Snjò `sgam|hg| òl tsm|hs" Vm|sxvmxw/

Nf |ahwh |tn jh|anlw |ah bnths mw jnsh ùusnusm`|h |n cxmblmodw

nf |shjholnxw wm{h" wxga `w |anwh hshg|hl c} |ah Snjòw9 tambh |ah

UHLMJHO\ UNS\MNOW

*\AH*JH\Agm-L*NF*2WHHXN$

\AH*JMANr? GFVB\HTMVW*

Fmd/ 0<3/

Sho`mwwògh jh|anl nf Whsbmn tnxbl ch jnsh ùusnusm`|h fns xwh no

jnlhso tnsi/ Mo |amw mbbxw|s`|mno m| tmbb ch whho |a`| |ah s`lmxw nf |ah

`sg |a`| lh|hsjmohw |ah xuuhs unmo| nf |ah uhlmjho|" òl |ahshfnsh m|w

ahmda|" mw fnxol `w molmg`|hl" c} jh`wxsmod lnto no |ah gho|hs bmoh"

fsnj ` unmo| `| |ah ahmda| nf |ah |nu jhjchs nf |ah gnsomgh" ` lmw|ògh

hpx`b |n noh*a`bf |ah uhlmjho| tml|a" òl |aho" tm|a |ah unmo| |axw

nc|`mohl `w ` gho|hs" w|smimod ` gmsgbh u`wwmod |asnxda |ah |tn holw

nf |amw w`jh jhjchs/ \ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |amw gmsgbh tm|a |ah uhs*

uholmgxb`s gho|hs bmoh nf |ah uhlmjho|" dmvhw |ah gho|hs fns |ah `sg

|a`| lh|hsjmohw |ah uhlmjho| ahmda|/

364




Mo |ah jh|anl nf Vm|sxvmxw" |ah ho|msh tml|a `gsnww |ah f`gh nf |ah

uhlmjho| mw lmvmlhl mo|n omoh u`s|w 9òl |ah lmw|ògh nf noh nf |ahwh

u`s|w mw dmvho |n |ah ub`mo f`gh ns |}juòxj nf |ah uhlmjho| `| |ah

gho|hs/ C} lmvmlmod |ah tml|a mo|n hmda| mow|h`l nf omohu`s|w"

` |}j*

uòxj ahmda| no |ah gho|hs bmoh tnxbl ch nc|`mohl |a`| tnxbl ch ù*

usnqmj`|hb} jmlt`} ch|thho |anwh wanto mo |ahwh |tn jh|anlw/

SNJ@O MO\HSGNBXJOM@\MNO

\ah Snjò gxw|nj mo |ah wu`gmod nf gnbxjow mw nf jxga dsh`|hs

mo|hshw| |n |ah `sgam|hg| nf |n*l`} |aò |ah gxw|nj nf |ah Dshhiw" mo |a`|

|ah Snjòw thsh on| ahbl lnto c} |ah gnowmlhs`|mnow |a`| shw|smg|hl

|ah Dshhiw mo |ah xwh nf `v`mb`cbh bhod|aw nf w|noh tamga |ah} gnxbl

px`ss} ns aòlbh fns |ahms wxuuns|mod bmo|hbw/ ]h| |ah Snjòw" m| jxw|

`bwn ch shjhjchshl" dhohs`bb} xwhl Nslhsw nf |shjholnxw wm{h" òl

hjubn}hl |ahj no cxmblmodw pxm|h lmffhsho| mo |ahms tanbh gnjunwm|mno

òlw|}bh

fsnj |anwh no tamga

th ont hjubn} |ah gnbxjo9 wn"

`w `

dhohs`bsxbh" m|

j`}ch w`ml

|a`| th wanxbl dhohs`bb} wu`gh

nxs gnbxjow f`s|ahs ù`s| |aò

t`w hvho |ah Snjò gxw|nj/

Mo `bb Lnsmg tnsi" |ah gnb*

xjo jxw| `bt`}w nggxs lmshg|b}

xolhs ` |smdb}ua9 cx|" mow|h`l nf

|ah |tn* ns |ashh*|smdb}ua wu`gmod

nf |ah Dshhiw" th fmol |a`| |ah

Snjòw fshpxho|b} wu`ghl |ahms

gnbxjow tm|a |ashh |smdb}uawòl

fnxs jh|nuh wu`ghw nggxssmod ch*

|thho |ah |smdb}uaw |a`| gnjh no

|ah gho|hs bmohw nf |ah gnbxjo

wa`f|w" `w mo |ah \ah`|hs nf

J`sghbbxw `| Snjh9 òl tambh

|ah Sho`mwwògh `x|ansm|mhw xom|hl mo dmvmod |ahj bhwwhs wu`ghw |aò

|amw Fmd/ 0<7-" jnlhso gxw|nj òl us`g|mgh u`} cx| bm||bh shd`sl |n

|ahwh ushghlho|w/ M| mw ont gnowmlhshl usnuhs |n wu`gh |ah gnbxjow

`| ò} lmw|ògh |a`| |ah chw| wnbx|mno nf |ah usncbhj j`} shpxmsh" |ah

nob} gnowmlhs`|mno chmod |a`| |ah} wa`bb on| ch wn f`s ù`s| `w |n dmvh

v7n }?`hs"w KO M *JNLXBH/*

361




SNKVM@KWINOMG*

|ah hffhg| nf mowxffmgmho|w|`cmbm|}

nf wxuuns|/ Nf gnxswh" mo wu`gmod

gnbxjow `| dsh`|hs lmw|òghw |aò |anwh dmvho c} Vmdonb` òl n|ahs

`x|ansm|mhw" m| tmbb dhohs`bb} ch fnxol `lvmw`cbh |n lhgsh`wh |ahms

ahmda| wbmda|b}mo shb`|mno |n |ahms lm`jh|hs" mo nslhs |n dmvh |ah gnb*

xjo ` dsh`|hs hffhg| nfwnbmlm|} òl w|shod|a/

\ah Snjò xwh nf gnbxjow ub`ghl `d`mow| |ah f`gh nf |ah umhsw

nf ò `sg`lh" shpxmshw ` ghs|`mo shb`|mno ch|thho |ah usnuns|mnow nf |ah

gnbxjo òl m|w wu`gmod òl ahmda|/ \ahwh `sh chw| w|xlmhl c} on|mod

|ah wu`gmodnf |ah gnbxjow ù`s| mo lm`jh|hsw/ Mo |ah \`cxb`smxj"

|ah gnbxjow `sh wu`ghl ù`s| fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs fmvh lm`jh|hsw/

Mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw òl mo |a`| nf Unjuh}" |amw lmw|ògh t`w

fmvh òl noh*px`s|hs lm`jh|hsw9 òl mo |ah C`wmbmg` Kxbm` m| t`w fmvh

òl noh*a`bf/ \ah lmw|ògh fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjow no

|ah Gnbnwwhxj mw whvho òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw/ Mo |amw cxmblmod" `bb

|ah gnbxjow Lnsmg" Mnomg" òl Gnsmo|amò `sh |ah w`jh lm`jh|hs

`| |ah c`wh/ Mo |ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah Lnsmg gnbxjow `sh

hmda| lm`jh|hsw amda" òl |ùhs `|

|ah |nu |n whvho*hmda|awnf |ahms

bnths lm`jh|hs/ \ah Mnomg gnb*

xjow mo |ah whgnol w|ns} `sh

omoh lm`jh|hsw amda" òl |ahms

bnths lm`jh|hs mw |ah w`jh `w

|ah xuuhs lm`jh|hs nf |ah Lnsmg

gnbxjo chbnt/ Mo |ah Gnbnw*

whxj" |ah Lnsmg ns \xwgò- gnb*

xjow no |ah fmsw| w|ns} `sh omoh

òl noh*a`bf lm`jh|hsw amda" òl

|ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò gnb*

xjow `sh kxw| hmda| òl |ashh*

px`s|hsw lm`jh|hsw mo ahmda|/

\ahwh lhu`s|xshw fsnj |ah ns*

lmo`s} sxbhw `sh usnc`cb} `g*

gnxo|hl fns

c}|ah f`g| nf |ah

s`|ahs wuhgm`b jòohs mo tamga

"" Fmd/ 0<</

|ah gnbxjow `sh ahsh hjubn}hl/

@llm|mno`b ahmda| t`w ohghww`s}" mo nslhs |n `bbnt snnj fns |ah v`xb|*

mod nvhs |ah gnssmlns mowmlh/ No |ah fmsw| w|ns} |ah ahmda| mw nc|`mohl

c} mogsh`wmod |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnbxjo wa`f|9 òl mo |ah n|ahs w|nsmhw

Wn }.wq\k NO 0 JNLXBH"

36=




+IPJ@O*GNSKO\KM@O*

|amw `llm|mno`b ahmda| mw d`mohl mo |ah l`ln" tamga cshìw nx| mo|n `

wns| nf uhlhw|`b xolhsoh`|a |ah gnbxjo wa`f|w/ \ah `tit`slohww

nf |amw wnbx|mno mw lmwub`}hl c} |ah f`g| |a`| |ah `sgam|hg| t`w lsmvho

|n ub`gh ch|thho |ah f`ghw nf amw umhsw ò `llm|mno`b l`ln ns wnbml

c`bxw|s`lh mo nslhs |n `g| `w ` u`sùh| fns |ah gnssmlnsw mo |ah whg*

nol òl |amsl w|nsmhw ò `sgam|hg|xs`b jìhwamf| |a`| ah tnxbl xo*

lnxc|hlb} a`vh jxga ushfhsshl |n njm|/

Mo Fmd/ 0<7" |ah hq`jubh nf Snjò Lnsmg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno fsnj

|ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" tahsh

gnbxjow `sh xwhl no |ah f`gh nf

ò `sg`lh" |ah gnbxjow `sh

wanto wu`ghl ù`s| < lm`jh*

|hsw9 tambh |ah us`g|mghnf U`b*

b`lmn" Wg`jn{{m" òl Vmdonb`"

tahsh |ah gnbxjo mw xwhl `bnoh"

mw |n wu`gh |ahj ù`s| fsnj |ashh

|n fnxs lm`jh|hsw" ns fnxs |n fmvh

lm`jh|hsw" no gho|hsw/

\ah Mnomg mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno

/wanto mo Fmd/ 0<<" `d`mo molm*

g`|hw |ah `ssòdhjho| nf |ah

; \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" òl wantw

chbnt m| |ah wu`gmod nf U`bb`lmn"

Wg`jn{{m" òl Vmdonb`/ M| jxw|

ch shjhjchshl|a`| mo |ah

\ah*

C@_MBMG@/ NF@O\NOKOV8

A

\HJUBH *NF$*J@HW XB\LS7g@m| FHH\ /> m+

/75 U@S\+ T 0TcLXB/

Fmd/ 0<8/

`|hs nf J`sghbbxw" |ah Mnomg

Nslhs nggxsw lmshg|b} nvhs |ah

Lnsmg Nslhs chbnt9 òl mo cn|a

mow|òghw |ah gnbxjo mw `||`gahl

|n ` t`bb" òl mw whu`s`|hl fsnj m|w ohmdacns c} |ah `sgahw nf |ah

`sg`lh/

Snjò Gnsmo|amò gnbxjo wu`gmod mw wanto mo whvhs`b nf |ah thbb*

ionto hq`jubhw mo Fmd/ 0<89 mo `llm|mno |n tamga |ah lmjhowmnow òl

usnuns|mnow nf |ah gnbxjow no wnjh nf |ah usmogmu`b |hjubhw `sh `w

fnbbntw ;

Mo |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| \mvnbm" tahsh |ah gnbxjow `sh 01 fhh|

8 mogahw amda" òl `sh s`mwhl no ` amda c`whjho|" |ah} `sh =K lm`jh*

345



U@O\AHNO_JJO_LNNST@]

UB@\H BVMMM/

@ shusnlxg|mno `| wj`bb wm{h nf Uns|fnbmn Ub`|h BVMMM/ -




|hsw amda" |ah gùm|`b chmod kxw| noh lm`jh|hs/ Mo |amw mow|ògh m| t`w

|ah hvmlho| mo|ho|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs |n nc|`mo ` w|xju} hffhg|/

Mo |ah \hjubh `| Omjhw |ah gnbxjow `sh 75 fhh| amda" tm|a `

lm`jh|hs nf 6 fhh| = mogahw" òl |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw |tn lm`jh|hsw/

\ah gnbxjow nf |ah Uns|mgn nf |ah Uò|ahno `sh <8 fhh| 7 mogahw ns

= 0 lm`jh|hsw amda" òl |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw 3r lm`jh|hsw/

Mo |ah \hjubh nf Vhw|` `| Snjh" |ah gnbxjow `sh <1 fhh| 7 mogahw

amda ns bNk lm`jh|hsw" òl |ah j|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw 0 R lm`jh|hsw/ Mo

|amw |hjubh |ah |`bb òl wbholhs gnbxjo wa`f|w `sh `ggnxo|hl fns c} |ah

f`g| |a`| |ahcxmblmod

t`w gsntlhl mo òl wxssnxolhlc} amdahs

w|sxg*

|xshw" òl |amw hovmsnojho| j`lh |ah hq|s` gnbxjo ahmda| hwwho|m`b

mo nslhs |n nc|`mo |ah ohghww`s} lmdom|}/

Mo |ah \hjubh nf J`sw Xb|ns" |ah gnbxjow `sh 84 fhh| = mogahw ns

05 lm`jh|hsw amda" òl |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mw RR lm`jh|hsw/

\ah gnbxjow nf |ah Fsno|mwumhgh nf Ohsn `sh 81 fhh| amda" `w `sh

`bwn |ah gnbxjow nf |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw/

SNJ@O UMB@W\HSW

\ah xwh nfumb`w|hsw c} |ah Snjòw t`w vhs} lmffhsho| fsnj |ah

Dshhi gxw|nj" òl |ahumb`w|hs

mw dmvho ` jxga jnsh mjuns|ò| ub`gh

mo |ahms `sgam|hg|xs`b lhvhbnujho|/

\ah Snjò umb`w|hs mo |ah b`|hs uhsmnlw mw us`g|mg`bb} |ah w`jh

`w |ah gnbxjo mo m|w |sh`|jho| nf |ah gùm|`b òl c`wh" òl |ahshfnsh

pxm|h lmffhsho| fsnj |ah Dshhi ò|`/ \ah pxhw|mno nf lmjmomwamod

|ah wa`f| `| |ah |nu mw noh |a`| whhjw |n a`vh chho bhf| b`sdhb} |n |ah

lmwgsh|mno nf |ah lhwmdohs" òl on dhohs`b sxbh gò ch dmvho |a`| tmbb

ùub} mov`sm`cb}/ /Mo wnjh mow|òghw |ah usnghlxsh fnbbntw |ah w`jh

jh|anl `w xwhl mo |ah gnkxjo m|whbf" òl `| n|ahs |mjhw |ah wa`f| mw

g`ssmhl xu mo ` ubxjc" uhsuholmgxb`s bmoh fsnj |ah c`wh/ Mo dhohs`b"

|ah w`jh gnowmlhs`|mnow |a`| a`vh chho dmvho mo |ah lmwgxwwmno nf |ah

umb`w|hs |sh`|jho| mo U`s| M j`} ch hm|ahs ùubmhl hq`g|b} `w |ahsh nx|*

bmohl" ns j`} ch v`smhl c} |ah lhwmdohs `| amw nto lmwgsh|mno/

Mo jnw| Gb`wwmg mow|òghw |ah umb`w|hs t`w |sh`|hlhq`g|b} |ah

w`jh `w |ah gnbxjo/ M| t`w dmvho |ah w`jh gù òl c`wh9 |ah wa`f|"

nf gnxswh" chmod ub`moòl wpx`sh mo ubò/ @w shd`slw |ah umb`w|hs

lmjhowmno `| |ah ohgi òl c`wh" |ahsh mw gnowmlhs`cbh lmffhshogh nf

gxw|nj `jnod |ah nblhw| hq`jubhw/ Mo Snjò us`g|mgh |ah umb`w|hs

mw wnjh|mjhw |sh`|hl tm|a wmlhw |ùhsmod mo |ah w`jh jòohs `w |ah

747



3<< W\XL] NF \AH NSLHSW

wmlhw nf |ah gnbxjo òl hq`g|b} |n `dshh tm|a m|/ @| noh |mjh" |ah

tanbh wa`f| tmbb ch |sh`|hl tm|a |ah hq`g| lmjmox|mno dmvho |n |ah `g*

gnjuò}mod gnbxjo9`|

n|ahsw" |ah umb`w|hsmw nf

|ah w`jh tml|a `| |ahohgi `w `| |ah c`wh" |ah wm{h chmod lh|hsjmohl c} |ah `vhs`dh ch|thho

|ah lm`jh|hs lmjhowmnow nf |ah gnbxjo `| ohgi òl c`wh" ùusn`gamod"

mf ò}|amod" jnsh oh`sb} |ah b`sdhs |aò |ah wj`bbhs lm`jh|hs/ Mo

n|ahs g`whw `w" fns hq`jubh" tahsh umb`w|hsw`bnoh `sh xwhl |ah} `sh

dhohs`bb} j`lh w|s`mda| òl nf hpx`b tml|a |asnxdanx| |ahms ho|msh

ahmda|9 cx| hvho |aho |ah} `sh wnjh|mjhw dmvho ò ho|`wmw |ah w`jh

`w |ah gnbxjo/ \ah wa`f|w nf |ah umb`w|hs `sh dhohs`bb} |sh`|hl |n

`dshh tm|a |ah gnbxjow tm|a tamga |ah} `sh xwhl/ \ah} j`} ch

ub`mo" fbx|hl" nshwuhgm`bb}

mo Sho`mwwògh tnsi uòhbhl/

\ah usnkhg|mno nf |ah umb`w|hsw fsnj |ah t`bb t`w dhohs`bb}`cnx|

fsnj noh*px`s|hs |n noh*a`bf |ahms tml|a9 cx| wnjh|mjhw ` dsh`|hs

lhu|a t`w shpxmshl" mo nslhs |a`| |ah} wanxbl shj`mo fshh fsnj usn*

khg|mod chb| gnxswhw ns ansm{no|`b gnsomghw |a`| w|nuuhl `d`mow| |ahj/

Mf dmvho dsh`|hs lhu|a |aò |amw" ùmb`w|hs mw ù| |n gnju`sh xof`vns*

`cb}

tm|a |ah gnbxjo m|whbf" òl |n

dmvh

`gbxjw}"

w|mff hffhg|" tambh

g`xwmod |ah gnbxjo c} gno|s`w| |n ùuh`s |amoohs/ \ah umb`w|hs

wanxbl `bt`}w ch xwhl `d`mow| |ah t`bb chamol ` gnbxjo" mo nslhs |n

shghmvh |ah ch`j ns ho|`cb`|xsh tamga m| g`ssmhw/ Ngg`wmno`bb} `

snxol a`bf*gnbxjo ns |ashh*fnxs|aw gnbxjo j`} ch xwhl fns |ah w`jh

uxsunwh mo ub`gh nf |ah umb`w|hs"cx| |amw xwh mw gnju`s`|mvhb} s`sh mo

nbl tnsi/ M| a`w |ah ncvmnxw lmw`lvò|`dh |a`| mf ò hq`g| a`bf*gnb*

xjo mw xwhl" m| ùuh`sw |n |ah h}h nf bhww wm{h |aò |ah ho|msh gnbxjow

tamga w|òl fshh fsnj |ahms wxssnxolmodw" tambh ò} ansm{no|`b gnxswhw

gx||mod mo|n m| a`vh ` |holhog} |n lmvmlh ns gx| nff/m|w ùu`sho| ahmda|

òl lm`jh|hs/

Unwwmcb} ò mo|mj`|h òl |ansnxda `gpx`mo|ògh tm|a ` b`sdh

v`smh|}nf jnxblmod whg|mnow" |ndh|ahs tm|a ` omgh ùushgm`|mno nf |ahms

usnuns|mnow òl xwh" mw |ah jnw| mjuns|ò| shwxb| fns tamga |ah w|xlho|

gò anuh fsnj |ah w|xl} nf |ah Nslhsw/ Ghs|`mob} m| mw |ah jnw| |ò*

dmcbh sh|xso" |ah nob} noh |a`| gò ch gnowmlhshl `w nf dsh`|hs mjuns*

|ògh chmod ò xognowgmnxw lhvhbnujho| nf |ah whowh nf usnuns|mno

tamga gòon| f`mb |n shwxb| fsnj ò h`sohw| w|xl} nf |ah nbl hq`jubhw/

@o mo|hbbmdho| ùushgm`|mno nf |ah sh`wnow dnvhsomod |ah v`smnxw usn*

uns|mnow nf gnbxjow òl |ah lmffhsho| whg|mnow nf jnxblmodw" tmbb shwxb|

mo ò hpx`bb} wxc|mbh whowh nf usnuns|mno mo shd`sl |n |ah nx|bmohw òl

34<




|ah gnjunwm|mno nf |ah v`smnxw u`s|w nf ` cxmblmod ns dsnxu nf cxmblmodw/

\amw whowh j`} `bwn ch lhvhbnuhl c} ` w|xl} nf |ah amw|ns} nf |ah v`*

smnxw s`ghw òl cxmblhsw" òl c} ` iontbhldh nf |ah uxsunwh fns tamga|ah cxmblmodw thsh mo|holhl" nf |ahms gnju`s`|mvh ahmda| òl wxssnxol*

modw"nf |ah bng`|mno nf |ah Nslhs ns jnxblmodw no |ah cxmblmod òl

|ah uxsunwhw |ah} thsh mo|holhl |n fxbfmbb/ Mf" mo `llm|mno" |ah w|xlho|

mw `cbh" fsnj |ah gno|s`w| ch|thho |ah hffhg| nf ò} hqhgx|hl jnxblmod

whg|mno `w dmvho |n amw h}h òl m|w `g|x`b gno|nxs mo |ah whg|mno nx|bmoh"

|n lhlxgh |ah shb`|mno |a`| |ah noh ch`sw |n |ah n|ahs" ah tmbb a`vh dnoh

f`s no |ah sn`l |nt`sl ` j`w|hs} nf `sgam|hg|xsh/

HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HW

Mo `llm|mno |n |ah fnbbntmod Hq`jmo`|mno Ub`|hw" |ah w|xlho|

mw hquhg|hl|n jìh wxga wih|gahw ns ls`tmodw nf |ah lmffhsho|

u`s|wnf |ah Nslhs" fsnj |ah

lhwgsmu|mnowòl shfhshoghw mo |ah

|hq|" `w tmbb ho`cbh amj |n xolhsw|òl |ansnxdab} |ah lmffhsho|

u`s|wòl |ahms dhohs`b

fnsjw òlusnuns|mnow/

\ah fnbbntmod ub`|hw `sh |n ch ls`to nx| |n |ah shpxmshl

wm{hw" `w molmg`|hl mo |ahfnbbntmod whg|mno/ \ah

ub`|hwwanxbl ch

g`shfxbb}òl |ansnxdab} ls`to nx| mo

uhogmb chfnsh `||hju|mod |n

moi |ahj mo" tm|a |ahhqghu|mno

nf |ah |ashh w|xlmhw jho|mnohl mo

usncbhj 05" tamga j`} ch wxcjm||hl mouhogmb

fns gnsshg|mno" |ah

w|xlho|fmomwamod

|ahj mo moi fns amw ntounwwhwwmno

`| ò} |mjh

`f|hs/ @bb nf |ahb`sdh ub`|hw

`sh |n ch ls`to no ` a`bf*wahh| nf

W|s`|ajnsh wjnn|a*fmomwa ns Ta`|jò$wan|*ushwwhl ls`tmod

uùhs" tm|a |ah cnslhs bmoh b`ml nx| |n |ah wm{hdmvho" 03 c} 060

mogahw9 òl |ah uùhs wanxbl ch |smjjhl tm|a ` a`bf*moga cnslhs

nx|wmlh nf |amw bmoh" jìmod |ahuùhs wm{h nf |ah fmomwahl

ub`|h

07 c} 040 mogahw/

\ah jh`wxshjho| fmdxshw dmvhono |ah v`smnxw

ub`|hw j`} ch

njm||hl fsnj |ah ls`tmodw j`lh c} |ah w|xlho|/

\ah |m|bhw nf |ahub`|hw `sh" dhohs`bb} wuhìmod" |n ch bh||hshl

mo |ah w`jh f`wamno `w `sh |ah usmogmu`b ls`tmodw mbbxw|s`|mod |ah

fnshdnmodwhg|mno/ \ah w|xlho| wanxbl fmsw| ch g`shfxb |n

ub`gh

uhogmb dxmlh*bmohw`| |ah |nu

òl cn||nj nf amw bh||hsw" fns cn|a

gùm|`bwòl wj`bb bh||hsw/

\ah l`|h" |ah w|xlho|$w o`jh òl `llshww" òl |ahub`|h

oxj*

348




chs wanxbl ch bh||hshl no h`gaub`|h

mo noh*bmoh bh||hsw" wxga `w `sh

xwhl mo |ah |m|bh nfFmd/

<4/

UB@\H @\a$h w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `

ub`|h wantmod |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs/ \amwub`|h

wanxbl ch `s*

sòdhlmo |ah w`jh jòohs `w Ub`|hw VMM òl VMMM U`s| M-" òl

wanxbl want ` Gb`wwmg Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs gnjubh|hmo `bb m|w

u`s|w/

\ah w|xlho| j`} xwh hm|ahs |ah Ax|xb`s ns Lho|mgxb`sw|}bh"

`w ah

j`} hbhg|/

UB@\H C

\ah w|xlho| wanxbl ls`t nx| |ah gnjubh|h Snjò Lnsmg gnb*

xjo `f|hs |ah jòohs wanto mo Ub`|h BVMM" cx| hjubn}mod |ah

jh|anl nf lh|hsjmomod |ah ho|`wmw dmvho`| |ah smda|

moFmd/ 0<0"

òl hjubn}mod |ahgùm|`b

òl c`wh wanto mo Ub`|h VMMM U`s| M-/

\ah ahmda|nf |ah gnbxjo wanxbl ch

hmda| lm`jh|hsw9 òl |ah fbx|*

mod"tamga wanxbl ch wanto mo |ah ushvmnxw usncbhj ub`|h" j`}

ahsh ch njm||hl/ \amw gnbxjo wanxbl ch ls`to no uùhs nf |ah

w`jh ahmda| `w |ah n|ahs ub`|hw" cx| nf jxga o`ssnths tml|a/

UB@\H G

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t ` c`} nf ò `sg`lh" hjubn}mod |ah

Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs" no ùb`|h

nf |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06r mogahw/

Ah wanxbl shfhs |nFmdw/

=1 òl == fns |ahusnuns|mnow nf |amw

`sg`lh" cx| wanxbl wn `ssòdh amwgnjunwm|mno" |a`|" tm|anx| bnwmod

|ahusnuns|mnow nf |ah `sga nuhomod ns |ah shb`|mnow nf |ah gnbxjo

lm`jh|hs |n m|w ahmda| òl |n |ah ho|`cb`|xsh" ah j`} }h| njm| |ah

ub`mowhg|mno nf |ah t`bb nggxssmod ch|thho |ah Nslhs ho|`cb`|xsh

òl |ah `sgamvnb|" j`sihl @ moFmd/

==/ Mo amwls`tmodw"

|ah

gho|hs nf |ah `sga wanxbl ch |ah gho|hs bmoh nf amwuùhs"

tamga

tmbb ho`cbh amj |n mogbxlh |ah |tn gnbxjow òl |ahmsumhsw/

Ah

j`} x|mbm{h ò}noh nf |ah Lnsmg Nslhsw wanto mo |ah mbbxw|s`|mnow

nf |amwu`s|/

UB@\H L

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `

ub`|h wantmod |ah Snjò Mnomg Nslhs/ \amwub`|h

wanxbl ch `s*

sòdhl mo |ah w`jh jòohs `w Ub`|h QMV U`s| M-"cx| wanxbl

mbbxw|s`|h |ah Nslhs wanto mo Ub`|h QMMM U`s| M-"òl wanxbl

want ` gb`wwmg Snjò Mnomg Nslhs gnjubh|h mo `bb m|wu`s|w/

=4=




UB@\H H

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |ah Snjò Mnomg gnbxjo fsnj |ah

\hjubh nf Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw" gnjubh|h" `w wanto mo Ub`|h BVM0"

hw|`cbmwamodamw ho|`wmw `f|hs |ah jh|anl wanto mo

Fmd/ 0<0" `w

chfnsh/ \amw gnbxjo wanxbl ch fbx|hl9 òl |ah w`jh shpxmshjho|w

`w |nahmda|"

wm{h nfuùhs" h|g/" |a`|

ùubmhl|n Ub`|h C" tmbb `bwn

anbl |sxh nf |amw ls`tmod/

UB@\H F

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| |n |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw `

ub`|h wantmod|ah

Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/\amw

ub`|h wanxblch wmjmb`s mo `ssòdhjho| |n Ub`|h QQM U`s| M-"

òl wanxbl

want ` Gb`wwmg Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs gnjubh|h mo `bb m|wu`s|w/

\ah w|xlho| wanxbl hjubn} fns |amwub`|h

|ah Gb`wwmg Snjò

Nslhs fsnj |ah hq|hsmns nf |ah Uò|ahno wanto mo Ub`|h BMMM/

UB@\H P

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| ò ho|msh gnbxjo òl wa`f| nf |ah

Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs" hjubn}mod |ah jh|anl nf lh|hsjmomod

|ah ho|`wmw wanto moFmd/ 0<0/ |mh mw |n |ìh |ah gnbxjo òl

wa`f| fsnj |ah \hjubh nf @o|nomoxw òl F`xw|mo` mbbxw|s`|hl mo

Ub`|h BMV/

UB@\H A

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t nx| `| |ah wm{h nf 03 c} 06K mogahw |ah

j`mo lnnst`} nf |ah Uò|ahno" wanto mo Ub`|h BVMMM/ Ah j`}njm| |ah jh|`b lnnsw" umb`w|hsw"

òl |sòwnj tnsi wanto no |amw

ub`|h" mo nslhs |n mogsh`wh |ah wm{h nf amw lnnst`}/ \ah whg|mno

|asnxda |ah ho|`cb`|xsh j`} |aho ch wanto mowmlh nf |ah lnns

nuhomod/

UB@\H K

\ah w|xlho| mw |n ls`t mowmlh |ah cnslhs nx|bmohw nf 03 c}

06_ mogahw |ah fnbbntmod hq`jubhw nf Snjò Gb`wwmg nso`jho|;

Mo |ah xuuhs bhf|*aòl px`s|hs nf amwuùhs"

ah mw |n ls`t |ah

ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah

\hjubhnf @o|nomoxw òl

F`xw|mo`9

òl mo

|ah xuuhs smda|*aòl gnsohs" |ah ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah \hjubh nf

|ah Wxo" cn|a wanto mo Ub`|h BM]/ Mo |ah bnths bhf|*aòl gnsohs"

ah mw |n ls`t |ah ho|`cb`|xsh fsnj |ah \hjubh nf ]hw|` `| \mvnbm"

òl mo |ah bnths smda|*aòl gnsohs" |ah Gnsmo|amògùm|`b

òl

c`wh fsnj |ah w`jh |hjubhwanto mo |ah w`jh ls`tmod Fmd/ 075-/




\ah |ashh ho|`cb`|xshw `sh |n ch `bb nf |ah w`jh ahmda|9 òl |ah

gùm|`bòl c`wh" fsnj |ah gnbxjo nf |ah \hjubh nf ]hw|`" nf `

wm{h chw| `lù|hl |n fmbb |ah shj`momod wu`gh/

UB@\H I

\amw usncbhj mw |n gnowmw| nf |ashh ls`tmodw9 cx| |ah} `sh

on| shpxmshl |n ch hb`cns`|hb} fmomwahl/ Mo Ub`|h BM mw wanto `

jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod ` Snjò Mnomg Nslhs9 òl mo Ub`|h BV mw

wanto ` wmjmb`s jh|anl nf gnow|sxg|mod |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Gnj*

unwm|hNslhsw/ \ah w|xlho| mw |n jìh |ashh ls`tmodw"

h`ga tm|a

` cnslhs nx|bmoh wm{h nf 03 c} 06_ mogahw" hjubn}mod |amw jh|anl

nf gnow|sxg|mno òl g`ss}modm| |n `

unmo||a`| tmbb

wxffmgmho|b}

want amw `gpx`mo|ògh tm|a m|w hjubn}jho|/ \ahg`svmod" m| mw

ohghww`s} nob} |n cbngi mo9 òl |ahwh |ashhub`|hw j`} ch bhf| mo

uhogmb mow|h`l nf chmod moihl mo/

\ah nckhg| nf |amw hq`jmo`|mno usncbhj mw |n+* f`jmbm`sm{h |ah

w|xlho| tm|a |ahwh jh|anlw nfusnuns|mnomod"

tamga `sh wmjubhs

òl jnsh sh`lmb} gnjushaholhl òl shjhjchshl |aò |ah jnshhb`cns`|h #jnlxbhw# òl #u`s|w# w}w|hjw/

FSHHA@OL HQ@JMO@\MNO WIH\GAHW

\ah w|xlho| mw shpxmshl |n ls`t fshhaòl |ahfnbbntmod

wih|gahw" x|mbm{mod|ah mofnsj`|mno ah a`w nc|`mohl fsnj |ah Ub`|hw

mogbxlhl mo |ah fnshdnmod whg|mno" òl mw |n chu`s|mgxb`s

|n sho*

lhs |ah ls`tmodw wn `w |n molmg`|h ` gbh`sxolhsw|òlmod nf |ahms

usnuns|mnow òl nf |ah ga`s`g|hs nf |ah g`svmod òl nso`jho|/\ahwh wih|gahw `sh |n ch b`ml nx| mo

uhswuhg|mvh `w lhwgsmchl

mo |ah fnshdnmod whg|mno no |a`|wxckhg|9 òl `sh |n ùuh`s taho

gnjubh|h"`w |ah jnlhb

dmvhomo

Fmd/ 005/ @ px`s|hs*wahh| nf |ah

w`jh uùhs xwhl fns |ah n|ahs hq`jmo`|mnoub`|hw j`} ch hjubn}hl

fns |ahwh wih|gahw/

\ahwhuhswuhg|mvh w|xlmhw `sh |n ch j`lh c} |ah w|xlho| `|

|ah |mjh taho ah mw w|xl}mod |ahwhu`s`|` Nslhsw9 òl

|ah} wanxbl

`bb |ashh chg`shfxbb} w|xlmhl |ndh|ahs" taho |ah b`w| noh mw gnj*

ubh|hl/ /

UB@\H B

@ wih|ga nf |ah Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs wanto mouhswuhg|mvh

wmjmb`s |nFmd/

005/ \ah nx|bmoh wm{h mw |n ch 1K c} 03 mogahw/

341



W\XL] NF \AH NSLHAW 3<D

UB@\H J@ wih|ga" mo

uhswuhg|mvh"nf |ah Snjò Mnomg Nslhs" xwmod

ò}noh nf |ah

w|}bhw

wanto mo |ah

fnshdnmod whg|mno"

òl `s*

sòdhl mo |ah w`jh jòohs òl `| |ah w`jh wm{h `w mo |ahushghl*

modUb`|h

B-" xwmod Fmd/005 `w ` jnlhb/

UB@\H O

@ wih|ga nf ` Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs" hjubn}mod ò} nf

|ah|}uhw

wanto òl`ssòdhl

mo |ah w`jh jòohs òl `| |ah w`jh

wm{h `w Ub`|hw B òl J" `cnvh/

34=



DBNWW@S]



@ DBNWW@S] NF @SGAM\HG\XS@B \HSJW@OL GB@WWMG@B USNUHS O@JHW

Mo |ah wgahjh nf usnoxogm`|mno" `bb bnod vnthbw `sh j`sihl9 |anwh a`vmod on

pxò|m|} molmg`|hl `sh wans|/

@c`gxw `c$`*ixw-/ \ah wpx`sh ubmo|a ns |`cbh| fnsjmod |ah xuuhs ns gsnto*

mod jhjchs nf |ah gùm|`b nf ` gnbxjo ns umbb`s" wxuuns|mod |ah Gb`wwmg`b

ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-

@cx|jho| `*cx|$jho|-/ \ah wnbml j`wnos} gnow|sxg|mno wxuuns|mod h`ga

wmlh nf ò `sga" òl g`bgxb`|hl |n shwmw| m|w |asxw|/ @ umhs ns cx||shww

cxmb| `d`mow| ` t`bb |n shghmvh ns |sòwjm| ` |asxw|/ Whh Ub`|h QQMQ/-

@gò|axw `*iò$|axw-/ @ wumo} ubò| tanwh bh`f mw xwhl mo gnovho|mno`b*

m{hl fnsj `w ` lhgns`|mno fns gùm|`bw" cs`gih|w" h|g/ Whh Fmd/ 6=/-

@gsnunbmw `*isnu$n*bmw- / \ah xuuhs ns amdahs u`s| nf ` Dshgmò gm|} 9 ahogh" `

gm|`lhb ns g`w|bh9 dhohs`bb} xwhl tm|a wuhgm`b shfhshogh |n |ah @gsnunbmw

`| @|ahow" gsntohl tm|a |ah U`s|ahono/ Whh Fsno|mwumhgh mbbxw|s`|mno/-

@gsn|hs ì$sn*|hs-" @gsn|hsmxj ì*sn*|h$sm*xj- 9 ubxs`b" @gsn|hsm` ì*sn*|h$*

sm*`-/ @ wj`bb uhlhw|`b ub`ghl no |ah ùhq ns `| |ah c`w`b òdbh nf `

uhlmjho| |n wxuuns| ` w|`|xh ns n|ahs nso`jho|9 ` w|`|xh ns nso`jho|

ub`ghl no wxga ` uhlhw|`b/ Whh Fmd/ <8/-

/fbkdhò h*kh$ò-/ @ #wh`# ns dxbf nf |ah Jhlm|hssòhò" b}mod h`w| nf Dshhgh/

kHdmo` h*km$o`-/ \ah gùm|`b gm|} nf ò mwbòl nf |ah w`jh o`jh mo |ah KWdhò

Wh`" gno|`momod ` f`jnxw Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubh nf U`bb`w @|ahoh ns Jmohs*

v`" |ah dnllhww nf tmwlnj òl t`s/

@dsmdho|xj `d*sm*kho$|xj- / @ gm|} no |ah wnx|a gn`w| nf Wmgmb} |ah jnlhso

Dmsdho|m-" on|hl fns m|w Lnsmg |hjubh nf [hxw òl jò} n|ahs Dshhi

w|sxg|xshw l`|mod fsnj chfnsh |ah G`s|a`dmomò gnopxhw| mo |ah 8|a gho*

|xs} C/ G/

@dsmuu` `*dsmu$u`-/ @ Snjò dhohs`b" cnso C/ G/ 67" |ah bh`lmod w|`|hwjò

nf |ah shmdo nf @xdxw|xw/ \ah ushwho| Uò|ahno t`w hshg|hl no |ah wm|h

òl mo u`s| fsnj |ah j`|hsm`bw nf ò h`sbmhs |hjubh cxmb| c} amj" lhlm*

g`|hl mo 34 C/ G/

@m{òmm*{ò$M-/

@ wj`bb |nto nf

Uas}dm`"@wm`

Jmons" gno|`momodwnjh

h`sb}shj`mow nf Dshhi tnsijòwamu/ Whh Fmd/ 078/-

@isn|hs ì$sn*|hs-/ W`jh `w @gsn|hs/

@bcòm `b*c`$om-/ @ vmbb` oh`s Snjh gno|`momod ò xoxwx`b hq`jubh nf |ah

Snjò Lnsmg Nslhs/ Whh Fmd/ 004/-

@bchs|! `b*chs$|h-" Bhnoh C`||mw|`/ @ Sho`mwwògh `sgam|hg| òl tsm|hs no

`sgam|hg|xsh/

313



n

&

Mf

MM

M|

mff

WM MfJWC3 Cvmfb

fg|f N U2

2; Wmw

MMM

bmm

MMW

M



DBNWW@S] 387

@jcxb`|ns} `j$cx*b`*|n*sm-/ @ gnvhshl u`ww`dh ns t`bi" dhohs`bb} bng`|hl

kxw| tm|amo |ah j`mo t`bbw nf ` cxmblmod9 ` u`ww`dh `snxol |ah ganms mo

|ah ùwh ns gaòghb nf ` g`|ahls`b" ns ch|thho |ah gnbxjow òl t`bbw nf `

gmsgxb`s cxmblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 41/-

@juamusnw|}bh `j*uamu$sn*w|fb-/ Usnvmlhl tm|a ` gnbxjohl uns|mgn `| h`ga

hol/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 òl 7</-

@juam|ah`|sh `j*fm*|ah$`*|hs-/ @ w|sxg|xsh tanwh ubò mw b`ml nx| no ` w}w*

|hj nf gxsvhw `snxol ` gho|s`b um| ns `sho`" òl dhohs`bb} mo|holhl fns

wuhg|`gxb`s uxsunwhw/ Whh Fmd/ 003/-

@ogno ò$ino-/ @ cnww ns usnkhg|mno bhf| no ` cbngi nf j`wnos} |n whsvh `w `

gnownbh ns wj`bb cs`gih|/ \ah vhs|mg`b gnschb wxuuns|mod |ah gnsomgh mo `

Snjò lnnst`}/ Whh Fmdw/ 071 òl 07=/-

@ogno` ò*gn$o`-/ @/ |nto no |ah @lsm`|mg Wh`" gno|`momod ` Snjò wmodbh

`sga mo ` gnju`s`|mvhb} dnnl w|`|h nf ushwhsv`|mno" l`|mod fsnj `cnx|

003 @/ L/" hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`kò/ \amw `sga mw xompxh fsnj |ah f`g|

|a`| m| gò ch ùusn`gahl nob} c} `wgholmod ` fbmda| nf w|huw/ Whh

Fmd/ 074/-

@olsno ò$lsno-/ @o nuho wu`gh" gnxs|" ns u`ww`dh mo ` Dshhi cxmblmod9 `bwn

|ah uns|mno nf ` anxwh hwuhgm`bb} ùusnusm`|hl fns j`bhw/

@olsnomgxw G}ssahw|hw ò*lsno$m*ixw wms*sahw$|h{-/ @ W}smò j`|ahj`|mgmò"

chw| ionto `w |ah cxmblhs nf |ah wn*g`bbhl \nths nf |ah Tmolw mo @|ahow/

Whh Fmd/ 43/-

@ooxbh| ò$ox*bh|-/ @ wj`bb fmbbh|" gmsgxb`s mo ubò òl xwx`bb} wpx`sh ns

òdxb`s mo whg|mno" xolhs |ah hgamoxw nf |ah Lnsmg gùm|`b/ M| mw `bwn

wnjh|mjhw xwhl `| |ah c`wh nf |ah gnbxjo òl mo gnoohg|mno tm|a n|ahs

jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmdw/ <0*<<9 òl 0" 3" 7" <" 8" òl 6" Ub`|h QQQMQ/-

@o|h ò$|`-/ Ubxs`b" ò|`h/ Dshhi umb`w|hsw" ub`ghl `| |ah holw nf |ah wmlh

t`bbw nf ` |hjubh" fnsjmod |ah gnsohsw" tanwh c`whw" gùm|`bw òl usnuns*

|mnow lmffhs fsnj |ah `ggnjuò}mod gnbxjow" taho gnbxjow `sh ub`ghl

ch|thho |ahj/ Whh L" Fmd/ 39 `bwn Fmd/ =0/- \ahwh gnbxjow `sh w`ml

|n ch mo ò|mwm/ h/" ch|thho ò|`h/ Whh Ub`|h QQQV" \hjubh nf

Lmò` Usnu}bwh`/-

@o|hfmq ò$|h*fmiw-/ Ubxs`b" ò|hfmqhw/ Nso`jho|`b cbngiw ub`ghl `| shdxb`s

mo|hsv`bw no |a_ h`vhw ns gnsomghw nf Gb`wwmg cxmblmodw |n gn}hs |ah |hsjm*

o`|mno nf |ah |mbmod smldhw/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQVM òl B/-

@o|ahjmno ò*|ah$jm*no-/ Wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl #anoh}wxgibh/# @ fbns`b

nso`jho| hjubn}hl dhohs`bb} tm|a |ah `gsn|hsm` |n lhgns`|h Gb`wwmg

fsmh{hw òl gùm|`b ohgimodw/ Whh Ub`|h QB òl Fmd/ =3/-

@o|no$oxw `x*|n*ob$oxw-/ @ Snjò hjuhsns" @/ L/ 071*060/ Whh Ub`|h

BMV/-

@unbbn Lml}j`hxw `*unb$bn lml*m*jh$xw-/ Noh nf |ah jò} o`jh wxolhs

tamga |ah Nb}jumò dnl @unbbn t`w ionto/ Mo amw anons t`w cxmb| `

|hjubh oh`s Jmbh|xw mo @wm` Jmons" ` wubholml hq`jubh nf |ah Mnomg Nslhs/

Whh Fmd/ 40/-

@unua}dh `*unf$m*kh-/ \ah g`vh||n ns gnog`vh wthhu `| |ah |nu òl cn||nj

nf wnjh gnbxjo wa`f|w" bh`lmod |n |ah gùm|`b òl c`wh9 |ah anbbnt ns

wgn|m` choh`|a |ah hgamoxw nf |ah h`sbmhw| Lnsmg gùm|`bw" bh`lmod |n |ah

wa`f|/ Whh Fmdw/ 033" 036" òl 031/-

317



38< DBNWW@S]

@uwh ùw-/ \ah gxsvhl ns òdxb`s òl v`xb|hl hol nf ` gaxsga" c`gi nf |ah

`b|`s/

@pxhlxg| ì$th*lxi|-/ @o hodmohhsmod tnsi hjubn}hl |n g`ss} ` gnolxm|

fns t`|hs *fsnj noh lmw|ò| unmo| |n òn|ahs/ Mo gsnwwmod ` v`bbh}" m|

dhohs`bb}gnowmw|w nf ` whsmhw nf `sgahw

shw|modno

umhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 050/-

@s`hnw|}bh `*sh$6*w|mb-/ @o `ssòdhjho| nf gnbxjow a`vmod fnxs lm`jh|hs

wu`ghw" ns jnsh |aò |ashh" ch|thho |ahms wa`f|w" gho|hs |n gho|hs/ Whh

Fmd/ 0=/-

@sg`lh `s*i`l$-/ @ gno|moxnxw whsmhw nf `sgahw shw|mod hm|ahs no umhsw ns

gnbxjow/ Whh Fmdw/ 30 òl 050/-

@sga `sga-/ @ jhjchs" xwx`bb} g`svhl" wuòomod ò nuhomod mo ` t`bb ns gnb*

noo`lh" òl wxuuns|mod |ah t`bb ns n|ahs jhjchsw `cnvh |ah nuhomod/

Whh Fmdw/ < òl 07<-/ Mo |ah #fb`| `sga"# |ah whu`s`|h u`s|w nf tamga m|

mw gnjunwhl `sh wn waùhl `w |n wxuuns| noh òn|ahs tm|anx| smwmod |n `

gxsvh/

@sgam|s`vh `s$im*|s`v-/ `- \ah bnths lmvmwmno nf ` Gb`wwmg ho|`cb`|xsh9 |a`|

jhjchs tamga shw|w mjjhlm`|hb} xuno |ah gnbxjo gùm|`b òl wxuuns|w

|anwh uns|mnow nf |ah w|sxg|xsh tamga `sh `cnvh m|/ Whh Fmd/ 7/- fh- \ah

nso`jho|`b jnxblmod sxoomod `snxol |ah hq|s`lnw nf ò `sga/ @bwn

g`bbhl @sgamvnb|/ Whh Fmd/ </- g- Wnjh|mjhw" bhww usnuhsb}" |ah jnxbl*

hl hosmgajho|w no |ah f`gh nf |ah k`jcw òl bmo|hbw nf ` lnns" tmolnt" ns

n|ahs nuhomod/ @bwn g`bbhl @o|hu`djho|/ Whh Fmdw/ 1< òl =8/-

@sgamvnb| `s$im*vnb|-/ \ah whsmhw nf jnxblmodw no |ah f`gh nf ò `sga fnbbnt*

mod |ah gno|nxs nf |ah hq|s`lnw" òl holmod xuno |ah mjunw|w/ Whh

Fmd/ </-

@sgat`} `sga$t`-/ @ t`} ns u`ww`dh xolhs ò `sga/ Whh Fmd/ </-

@smhw `sb-/ @ gm|} nf wnx|ahso Fsògh" ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w jò} Snjò

shj`mow/

@ssmw `s$mw-/ \ah usnkhg|mod òdbh ns hldh fnsjhl c} |ah jhh|mod nf |tn wxs*

f`ghw9 u`s|mgxb`sb} |ah hldhw nf jnxblmodw" òl |ah wa`su hldhw ch|thho

`lk`gho| gaòohbw mo |ah Lnsmg gnbxjo/ Whh C" G" òl L" Fmd/ <=/-

@s|hjmw `s$|h*jmw-/ Dshhi o`jh nf |ah Snjò dnllhww Lmò`/ L`xda|hs

nf [hxw òl B`|no`" òl |tmo wmw|hs nf @unbbn/ Cnso no |ah mwbòl nfLhbnw/ Noh nf |ah h`sbmhw| mow|òghw nf |ah xwh nf |ah Dshhi Mnomg Nslhs

whhjw |n a`vh chho no ` |hjubh `| Huahwxw lhlmg`|hl |n |amw dnllhww/

@wwmwm `w*wh$wh-/ @ gm|} mo gho|s`b M|`b} gno|`momod whvhs`b Snjò sxmow" mo*

gbxlmod ` Gnsmo|amò |hjubh |n Jmohsv` chbnodmod |n |ah @xdxw|ò hs`/

@w|s`d`b `w$|s`*d`b-/ @ wj`bb" gnovhq jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} nso`jho|hl ns gx|

mo|n |ah fnsj nf ` w|smod nf ch`lw/ Xwhl mo Gb`wwmg `sgam|hg|xsh" hwuh*

gm`bb} mo gnoohg|mno tm|a |ah hdd*òl*l`s| jnxblmod" òl ch|thho |ah

f`ghw nf |ah lmffhsho| usnkhg|mnow nf |ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò `sgam|s`vhw/

Whh @ òl D" Ub`|h QB" òl Ub`|h QBMMM/-

@w|}b`s `*w|m$b`s-/ @ Gb`wwmg w|}bh nf cxmblmod tm|anx| gnbxjow" wxcw|m|x|mod

mo |ahms ub`gh ` ub`mo t`bb/

@|bò|hw `|*bò$|h{-/ Fmdxshw ns u`s|m`b fmdxshw nf jho xwhl mo |ah ub`gh nf

gnbxjow ns umb`w|hsw |n wxuuns| ò ho|`cb`|xsh9 `bwn g`bbhl |hb`jnohw/

Taho fhj`bh fmdxshw `sh xwhl" |ah} `sh g`bbhl g`s}`|mlw ns g`s}`|mlhw/

31<



DBNWW@S] 388

@||mg `|$mi-/ \ah xuuhs u`s| nf ` cxmblmod/ @ w|ns} ùuh`smod mo |ah f`d`lh

nf ` cxmblmod `cnvh |ah gnsomgh òl ho|`cb`|xsh/ Wnjh|mjhw ùubmhl |n

|a`| uns|mno nf ` |smxjua`b `sgat`} `cnvh |ah gnsomgh òl chbnt |ah

gsntomod jhjchs" `w mo |ah @sga nf \s`kò `| @ogno`/ Whh Fmd/ 074/-

@||mg `|$mi-/ @|ahomò/

@||mg C`wh/ @ c`wh" usnuhsb} xwhl tm|a |ah Mnomg nslhs" gnowmw|mod nf ò xuuhs

|nsxw" ` wgn|m`" òl ` bnths |nsxw" whu`s`|hl c} fmbbh|w/ Whh @" Fmd/ 84/-

@xlm|nsmxj `x*lm*|n$ sm*xj-/ \a`| uns|mno nf ` uxcbmg a`bb nf `wwhjcb`dh mo*

|holhl fns wuhg|`|nsw/

@xdxw|xw `x*dxw$|xw-/ Noh nf |ah Snjò hjuhsnsw" C/ G/ 34 |n @/ L/ 0</

Lxsmod amw shmdo thsh cxmb| |ah Uò|ahno `| Snjh òl n|ahs thbb*ionto

`sgam|hg|xs`b w|sxg|xshw" mogbxlmod |tn |hjubhw nf Vhw|`" noh mo |ah Sn*

jò Fnsxj òl noh `| \mvnbm/

@xshbmò `x*sh$bm*ò-/ Noh nf |ah Snjò hjuhsnsw" 345*348 @/ L/ Ahcxmb| |ah \hjubh nf |ah Wxo no |ah Pxmsmo`b Ambb/

@qmw ì$wmw-/ \ah gho|hs bmoh nf ò nckhg| ns w|sxg|xsh `w whho mo ubò ns mo

hbhv`|mno9` w|s`mda| bmoh lmvmlmod ` cnl} mo|n |tn hpx`b u`s|w/ Whh Fmdw/

68 òl 66/-

C

C`bxw|s`lh c`b*xw*|s`l$-/ @ s`mbmod ns t`bb tm|a xuuhs s`mb ns gnumod wxu*

uns|hl c} c`bxw|hsw/ Whh G" Ub`|h QQQMV/-Còl còl-/ @ fb`| jhjchs ns jnxblmod nf wj`bb usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-

C`wh c`w-/ \ah u`s| nf ` gnbxjo ch|thho |ah xuuhs u`s| nf |ah uhlhw|`b òl

|ah cn||nj nf |ah wa`f|9 ns" mf |ahsh mw on uhlhw|`b" ch|thho |ah cn||nj nf

|ah gnbxjo*wa`f| òl |ah ubmo|a9 |ah bnths usnkhg|mod u`s| nf |ah t`bb nf

` snnj" gnowmw|mod nf ` ubmo|a òl m|w jnxblmodw/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 òl <9`bwn

Fmdw/ 84" 60" 000" 033" òl 036/-

C`wmbmg` c`*wmb$m*i`-/ @ Snjò A`bb nf Kxw|mgh" tanwh dhohs`b ubò t`w `f|hs*

t`slw `lnu|hl `w |ah fnsj nf |ah h`sb} Gasmw|mò gaxsga/

C`wmbmg`Kxbm` c`*wmb$m*i` k$nn$bm*`-/

\ah|hjubh

mo |ah gho|hs nf |ahFnsxj

Kxbmxj" |ah fmsw| nf |ah wj`bbhs Snjò Fnsxjw" gnow|sxg|hl c} Kxbmxw

G`hw`s mo anons nf amw tmfh/ Whh Fmd/ 0<5/-

C`ww`h c`w$wh-/ @ |nto mo @sg`lm`" Dshhgh" oh`s Uamd`bm`" on|hl fns |ah

Lnsmg òl Mnomg \hjubh nf @unbbn" tamga ohq| |n |ah \ahwhxj `| @|ahow

mw |ah jnw| gnjubh|hb} ushwhsvhl wuhgmjho nf Gb`wwmg Dshhi `s|/

C`|no c`$|no-/ \ah w|hj ns tòl wxuuns|mod |ah g`xbmgxbm wj`bb wgsnbbw òl

bh`vhw- nf |ah Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b/ Whh Ub`|h QVM -

C`||hs c`|$|hs-/ @ c`git`sl ns shghlmod wbnuh mo |ah f`gh nf ` t`bb `w m|

smwhw/

Ch`l chl-/ @ wj`bb" a`bf*snxol jnxblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Ch`l*òl*Shhb chl*òl*shb-/ @ jxga*xwhl lhgns`|mvh jnxblmod gnowmw|mod

nf ` wj`bb wuahsh òl noh ns |tn gmsgxb`s lmwgw" shuh`|hl9 xwhl nob} |n

nso`jho| ` wj`bb ch`l jnxblmod/ Whh @ òl G" Ub`|h QB/-

Chì*jnxblmod chi*jnbl$mod-/ @ jnxblmod tm|a ` lntot`sl usnk$hg|mod

u`s| no m|w hq|hsmns hldh |ah tanbh nx|bmoh wnjhta`| shwhjcbmod ` cmsl$w

318



386 DBNWW@I]

chì |n jìh ` lsmu fns s`mo t`|hs òl ushvho| m| fsnj tnsimod c`gi

`d`mow| |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb choh`|a/ Whh J" Fmd/ <6/-

Chbb*waùhl chb$*waù|-/ Mo |ah fnsj nf ` chbb9 fb`smod/ Whh Fmd/ 47/-

Chbb}chb$m-/ \ah wbmda| wthbb" ns mogsh`wh mo lm`jh|hs" tamga wnjh|mjhw ng*

gxsw ch|thho |ah c`wh òl ohgi nf ` gnbxjo/ M| j`} shfhs |n |a`| u`s|

oh`s |ah gho|hs nf |ah gnbxjo tahsh m|w lm`jh|hs chgnjhw dsh`|hs |aò `|

|ah c`wh/ Whh `| #Wa`f|"# Fmd/ 60/-

Chb| gnxswh chb| insw-/ @ gnxswh nf w|noh ns jnxblhl tnsi g`ssmhl `| |ah

w`jh bhvhb `gsnww ns `snxol ` cxmblmod/ Whh F" Fmd/ 3/-

Chom*A`wwò c`$oh*a`w$wò- / @ vmbb`dh no |ah Ombh" oh`s tamga `sh whvhs`b ò*

gmho| sngi*gx| |njcw l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 7555 C/ G/

Chohvho|xj cho*h*vho$|xj/- @o mobòl |nto nf M|`b}" ons|ah`w| nf Oùbhw"

tahsh |ahsh mw ò `sga nf l`|h 00< @/ L/ hshg|hl mo anons nf \s`kò/

Cnww cnw-/ @ usnkhg|mod nso`jho|" ub`ghl `| |ah mo|hswhg|mnow nf |ah smcw ns

dsnmow mo v`xb|hl ns fb`| snnfw ns ghmbmodw" òl mo n|ahs wm|x`|mnow/ Whh mo

lnnst`}" Ub`|h BVMMM/-

Cnxolmod t`bb/ @ t`bb hogbnwmod ò} `sh` ns lhfmomod ` cnxol`s}/

Cs`gih| csì$h|- / @o nso`jho|`b usnkhg|mno dhohs`bb} nf u`s|m`bb} snxolhl

nx|bmoh mo|holhl |n wxuuns| ` w|`|xh" umhs" gnsomgh" h|g9 ` gnschb/ Whh

Fmdw/ 077 òl 07=/-

G`cbh i`$c$b- / @ wj`bb" s`mwhl jnxblmod nf snxolhl whg|mno" j`lh |n shwhjcbh

|ah wums`b |tmw| nf ` snuh9 xwhl fns nso`jho|mod |ah ub`mo wxsf`ghw nf

fmbbh|w" ns |ah fxssntw nf fbx|modw9 taho xwhl no ` gnbxjo" |amw jh|anl nf

lhgns`|mno mw |hsjhl g`cbmod/

G`mwwno i`w$wno-/ @ lhhu uòhb ns gnffhs mo ` ghmbmod ns wnffm|/ Whh Ub`|hw

QQQ òl QQQM9 `bwn Fmd/ 057/-

G`b}q i`$bmiw-/ \ah nx|hs gnvhsmod nf ` g`svhl fbnths nso`jho|/ Whh Ub`|h

QV/-

G`juòmbh i`ju$`*jb-/@ chbb

|nths" hwuhgm`bb}

noh cxmbfh

whu`s`|h

fsnj `

gaxsga/ Whh Ub`|h QQVM/-#

Gò`bw i`*o`b{$-/ \ah o`jh wnjh|mjhw dmvho |n |ah gaòohbw mo |ah Lnsmg

|smdb}ua/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-

Gò`bmw i`*o`$bmw- / \ah wu`gh hogbnwhl ch|thho |ah fmbbh|w nf |ah Mnomg vnbx|h"

gnovhq mo whg|mno mo h`sb} tnsi9 òl b`|hs" gnog`vh/ Whh Ub`|h QBMM/-

Gò|hl iò$|hl-/ Wh| `| ò òdbh9 |mb|hl ns jnvhl fsnj ` ansm{no|`b bmoh/

Whh vnbx|h mo/ Fmd/ 035/-

Gù iù-/ @ |nu ns gsntomod jhjchs" ns whsmhw nf jhjchsw `w |ah gùm|`b

nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Gùm|`b iù$m*|`b-/ \ah xuuhsjnw| u`s| nf ` gnbxjo" umbb`s" ns umb`w|hs" tamga

whsvhw `w ` gsnto |n |ah wa`f|" òl nggxsw ch|thho m| òl |ah ho|`cb`|xsh

ns n|ahs xuuhs uns|mnow nf |ah w|sxg|xsh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 òl 38/-

Gùm|nbmoh iù$m*|n*bj-/ \ah o`jh dmvho |n noh nf |ah whvho ambbw no tamga

Snjh t`w cxmb|" wm|x`|hl `| |ah hol nf |ah Fnsxj9 xuno m| t`w cxmb| |ah

Gùm|nb/

316



DBNWW@S] 384

G`s}`|ml i`s*m*`|$ml-/ Ubxs`b" G`s}`|mlhw/ @ fh|o`bh fmdxsh whsvmod `w `

gnbxjo |n wxuuns| ò ho|`cb`|xsh" ns xwhl mo ub`gh nf ` gnbxjo xolhs ò}n|ahs wmjmb`s gnolm|mnow/ Whh Fmdw/ 15 òl 10/- Gnsshwunolmod j`bh

fmdxshw `sh g`bbhl @|bò|hw/

G`w|ns òl Unbbxq i`w$|ns òl unb$bxiw- / \tn Dshhi lhm|mhw mo tanwh anonst`w hshg|hl ` |hjubh `| Gns`/

G`|hbbxw i`*|hb$bxw- / @ Snjò bh`lhs" xolhs tanwh lmshg|mno |ah \`cxb`smxj

mo Snjh t`w cxmb|/

G`|ah|xw i`|a$h*|xw-/ \ah vhs|mg`b bmoh ls`to |asnxda |ah h}h òl vnbx|h nf

|ah Mnomg gùm|`b" xuno tamga mw c`whl |ah dhnjh|smg`b jh|anl nf b`}mod

nx| |ah wums`b/ Whh Fmd/ 00/-

G`xbmgxbxw i`x*bmi$x*bxw-/ Ubxs`b" G`xbmgxbm/ \ah vnbx|hw ns wj`bb w|`biw

xolhs |ah fbnths no |ah `c`gxw mo |ah Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b/ @bwn wnjh*

|mjhw g`bbhl Ahbmghw ubxs`b nf Ahbmq-/ Whh Ub`|hw QV òl QVM/-G`vh||n i`*vh|$6-/ @ anbbnthl*nx| ns gnog`vh jnxblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Ghbb` whb$`-/ \ah snnj ns ga`jchs gno|`momod |ah mj`dh nf |ah Lhm|}" tamga

fnsjhl |ah oxgbhxw nf ò ògmho| Dshhi ns Snjò |hjubh" `w lmw|mo*

dxmwahl fsnj |ah `llm|mno`b snnjw nf|ho gnjcmohl tm|a m| |n fnsj |ah

gnjubh|h |hjubh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77" 7<" òl 64/-

Gaòohb gaò$hb-/ `- Noh nf ` whsmhw nf dsnnvhw" xwx`bb} vhs|mg`b òl nf

hbbmu|mg`b whg|mno" whu`s`|hl c} wa`su hldhw ns `ssmwhw" òl fnsjmod ` ga`s*

`g|hsmw|mg fh`|xsh nf |ah wa`f| nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs/ \ah gaòohb mw

|n ch lmw|modxmwahl fsnj |ah fbx|h" nf tamga |ah whg|mno mw ò `sg nf ` gmsgbh/

Whh Fmd/ <=/- 6- \ah V*wxoi mogmwmno nggxssmod mo |ah f`gh nf |ah Lnsmg

|smdb}ua/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-

Ga`jchsw ga`j$chs{-" Wms Tmbbm`j/ @o Hodbmwa `sgam|hg| òl tsm|hs no

`sgam|hg|xsh" chbnodmod |n |ah hol nf |ah Hodbmwa Sho`mwwògh uhsmnl/

Ga`jfhs ga`j$fhs-/ @ wbnuh ns chvhb dhohs`bb} shfhssmod |n ò}|amod nsm*

dmo`bb} smda|*òdbhl" `w ` wpx`sh gnsohs" gx| `t`} wn `w |n jìh ò òdbh

tm|a |ah wmlhw |a`| fnsj m|/ Whh C" Fmdw/ <4 òl <1/-

Gahoh`x wa`$on-/ @ gshw|mod ns nso`jho|`b jn|mvh no |ah xuuhs u`s| nf `

gnsomgh/ \ah dx||hs" òl `bwn |ah usnkhg|mod umuh |n g`ss} `t`} t`|hs

fsnj |ah dx||hs/ Whh Ub`|h B/-

Gans`dmg in*s`k$mi-/ Uhs|`momod |n" ns mo anons nf" ` gans`dxw/ Whh Fmdw/ 48"

46" òl 44" òl Ub`|h QBMQ/-

Gans`dxw in*s`$dxw-/ \ah Dshhi |m|bh dmvho |n |ah wxuhsmo|holho| nf ` jxwm*

g`b ns |ah`|smg`b ho|hs|`mojho|" tan usnvmlhl ` gansxw `| amw nto hq*

uhowh/

Gb`wwmg ib`w$mi-/ Shb`|mod |n ògmho| Dshhi òl Snjò tnsi `w hq`jubhw nf

`sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah fmsw| sòi ns hw|mj`|mno" tamga `sh w|mbb w|xlmhl `w |ah

chw| jnlhbw nf fmoh cxmblmod/ Hw|`cbmwahl c} gxw|nj òl ushghlho| `w `

jnlhb ahogh gnsshg|9 uxsh9 òl" wnjh|mjhw" gnblb} uhsfhg|/

Gbhuw}ls` ibhu$wm*ls`- / @ t`|hs gbngi" ` gno|smvògh xwhl ògmho|b} fns

|hbbmod |mjh c} |ah ds`lx`b" jh`wxshl lmwga`sdh nf t`|hs fsnj ` wj`bb

ùhs|xsh" |ah fbnt fns ` dmvho xom| nf |mjh chmod fmsw| lh|hsjmohl/

Gbh`sw|ns} ibhs$w|n*sm-/ \ah xuuhs w|ns} nf ` gaxsga" uhsfns`|hl tm|a tmo*

lntw fnsjmod gamhf wnxsgh nf bmda| fns gho|s`b uns|mnow nf |ah cxmblmod/ M|

314



381 DBNWW@S]

w|òlw `cnvh |ah |smfnsmxj ns cbmol w|ns}" tahsh wxga mw ushwho|/ Wuhbbhl

`bwn Gbhshw|ns}/

Gbnmw|hs ibnmw$|hs-/ \ah gnvhshl u`ww`dht`} gnoohg|mod ` g`|ahls`b òl

gaù|hs anxwh" ns sxoomod `snxol ` gnxs|}`sl/

Gnffhs inf$hs-/ @ wxoi uòhb ns gnju`s|jho| nf ò nso`jho|`b ga`s`g|hs

mo ` ghmbmod ns wnffm|9 dhohs`bb} hosmgahl tm|a jnxblmodw" òl a`vmod `

snwh" w|`s" ns n|ahs nso`jho| mo |ah gho|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 0</-

Gnbb`smon inb*`*sh$on- / \ah ohgimod nf |ah Lnsmg ns Mnomg gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/

05 òl Ub`|h QBMMM/-

Gnbnwwhxj inb*n*wh$*xj-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl `juam|ah`|hs `| Snjh/ T`w gnj*

jhoghl 43 @/ L/ c} Vhwu`wmò" gno|moxhl c} \m|xw" òl fmo`bb} lhlm*

g`|hl c} Lnjm|mò mo 13 @/ L/ Wnjh|mjhw wuhbbhl Gnbmwhxj/ Whh Fmd/

003/-

Gnbnoo`lh inb*n*o`l$- / @ snt nf gnoohg|hl gnbxjow ub`ghl `| shdxb`s mo|hs*

v`bw/ Whh Ub`|h QQV/-

Gnbxjo inb$xj-/ @ u`s| nf |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhs whh Fmd/ 7-/ @ wnbml" vhs|mg`b

cnl} nf dsh`|hs ahmda| |aò |amgiohww" dhohs`bb} whsvmod `w ` wxuuns|/ @

g}bmolsmg`b ns wbmda|b} |ùhsmod cnl} wh| vhs|mg`bb} xuno ` w|}bnc`|h" òl

wxsjnxo|hl c} ` wush`lmod j`ww tamga fnsjw m|w gùm|`b/

Gnbxjom`|mno in*bxj$om*`*|mno- / @o `ssòdhjho| nf gnbxjow tahsh |ahms

ub`gmod òl shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs fnsj ` usmogmu`b fh`|xsh nf ` lhwmdo/

Gnju`s`|mvh inj*u`s$`*|mv-/ Mo usnuns|mno ns mo shb`|mno |n òn|ahs jhj*

chs ns u`s|/

Gnjunwm|h inj*un{$m|-/ \ah o`jh nf |ah b`w| nf |ah fmvh Nslhsw" òl ` #gnj*

unwm|h# nf |ahj `bb" |ah usnuns|mnow chmod cnssnthl fsnj |ah Gnsmo|amò"

tambh |ah gùm|`b tamga ga`s`g|hsm{hw m| mw gnjunwhl fsnj |anwh nf |ah

n|ahs Nslhsw" cnssntmod ` px`s|hs*snxol fsnj |ah \xwgò ns Snjò

Lnsmg" |ah bh`f`dh fsnj |ah Gnsmo|amò" òl vnbx|hw fsnj |ah Mnomg Nslhs/

Whh Fmd/ 04/-

Gnognsl ino$insl-/ `- \ah o`jh nf noh nf |ah usmogmu`b Dshhi Lnsmg |hj*

ubhw nf @dsmdho|xj/ 6- @ Gnsmo|amò |hjubh mo Snjh nf l`|h `cnx|

4 C/ G/" chbnodmod |n |ah @xdxw|ò uhsmnl/

Gnodh ino${a`-/ @ jnxblmod mo |ah fnsj nf ` px`s|hs*anbbnt ns ` g`vh||n9

ò ùnua}dh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Gnow|ò|moh ino$w|ò*|j-/ Noh nf |ah hjuhsnsw nf |ah H`w| @/ L/ 343*774-"

`f|hs tanj mw o`jhl ` Gnsmo|amò |smxjua`b `sga mo |ah Snjò Fnsxj/

Whh Fmd/ 076/-

Gnownbh ino$wnb-/ @ wxuuns|mod cs`gih|" dhohs`bb} dsh`|hs mo ahmda| |aò m|w

usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmdw/ 07 òl 06/-

Gno|nxs ino$|nns-/ \ah nx|bmoh nf |ah f`gh ns wxsf`gh nf ` jnxblmod ns usn*

khg|mod fh`|xsh nf ò} wns|9 |ah gnofmdxs`|mno nf |ah wxsf`gh nf |ah dsnxol

ns bòlwgùh/ Whh Ub`|h QQQMQ/-

Gnumod in$umod-/ \ah gùumod ns gnvhsmod nf ` t`bb" xwx`bb} usnkhg|mod nvhs

m|" òl chvhbhl |n |asnt nff t`|hs/

Gns` in$s`-/ @ gm|} mo wnx|ahso M|`b} |ah jnlhso Gnsm-" gno|`momod ò hq*

`jubh nf ` shg|òdxb`s Snjò Lnsmg |hjubh nf xoxwx`b ds`gh òl `s|mw|mg

fhhbmod" l`|mod fsnj `cnx| 15 C/ G/ Whh Fmdw/ 05= òl 071/-



DBNWW@S] 38=

Gnschb ins$chb-/ @ usnkhg|mod cbngi nf w|noh" ns ` whsmhw nf csmgiw ns w|nohw

wh| nx| noh nvhs òn|ahs |n fnsj ` cs`gih| ns |n wxuuns| ò nvhsaòdmod

jhjchs nf t`bb/ Whh Fmd/ =4/-

Gnsmo|a in$smo|a-/ @ gm|} nf Dshhgh wm|x`|hl no |ah mw|ajxw nf Gnsmo|a" f`*

jnxw fns m|w h`sb} Dshhi Lnsmg |hjubhw/

Gnsomgh ins$omw-/ @o} jnxblhl usnkhg|mno tamga gsntow ns fmomwahw |ah nc*

khg| |n tamga m| mw `ffmqhl9 |ah xuuhsjnw| lmvmwmno nf ò ho|`cb`|xsh/

Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Gnsmo|amò in*smo$|am*ò- / \ah jnw| nso`|h òl wbholhs mo$ m|w usnuns|mnow

nf |ah |ashh j`mo Gb`wwmg Nslhsw/ Whh Fmdw/ 85 òl 031/-

Gnsno` in*sn$o`-/ \ah usnkhg|mod" gsntomod jhjchs nf ` gnsomgh" wm|x`|hl

`cnvh |ah chl*jnxblmod/ Whh u`dh 051/-

Gnwwx|mxw gnw*wx$wam*xw-/ @ Snjò `sgam|hg|" tan usnc`cb} lhwmdohl |ahgùm|`bw mo |ah \hjubh nf Kxum|hs Nb}juxw `| @|ahow/

Gnxubhl ixu$bl-/ Bmoihl |ndh|ahs/ #Gnxubhl gnbxjow# `sh `ssòdhl mo

u`msw" tm|a |ahms c`whw òl gùm|`bw |nxgamod" òl tm|a ` gnsshwunolmodb}

tmlhs wuò ch|thho |ah dsnxuhl u`msw/ Whh Fmdw/ 0= òl 35/-

Gnvh inv-/ @ g`vh||n" ns gnog`vh jnxblmod9 ` jhjchs tanwh whg|mno mw `

gnog`vh gxsvh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Gshw|mod ishw$|mod-/ @o nso`jho|`b fmomwa |n ` t`bb ns smldh/ \ah xuuhs

jhjchs nf ` gnsomgh ns smldh" dhohs`bb} mo|holhl |n ch lhgns`|mvh mo ga`s*

`g|hs/ Whh Ub`|h B/-

Gsntomod isnx$omod-/ Fmomwamod `| |ah |nu/ \ah xuuhs jhjchs nf ` gns*

omgh ns n|ahs `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsj/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Gxunb` ix$u8*b`-/ @ wj`bb v`xb|hl w|sxg|xsh `ffmqhl |n |ah snnf nf ` cxmblmod"

dhohs`bb} ahjmwuahsmg`b ns gxsvmbmoh`s mo nx|bmoh" gnvhsmod ` gmsgxb`s ns

unb}dno`b `sh`" òl wxuuns|hl hm|ahs xuno fnxs `sgahw ns xuno wnbml

t`bbw/

Gxsvmbmoh`s ixs*vm*bmo$h*`s- / Cnxolhl c} gxsvhl bmohw/

Gxwu ixwu- \ah mo|hswhg|mod unmo| nf |ah wj`bb `sgw lhgns`|mod |ah mo|hso`b

gxsvhw nf Dn|amg fnmbw9 `bwn |ah fmdxsh fnsjhl c} |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf wxga

`sgw/

G}gbnuhò wm*ibn*uh$ò-/ Uhs|`momod |n |ah G}gbnuw" ` f`cbhl s`gh nf dmò|w9

|ahshfnsh" b`sdh mo wg`bh òl j`wwmvh mo wm{h/

G}bmolsmg`b wm*bmo$lsm*i`b- / A`vmod |ah fnsj nf ` g}bmolhs9 |ah |hsj mw `bwn

ùubmhl |n ` whg|mno a`vmod ò hq|holhl gnovhq wxsf`gh/

G}j` wm$j`-/ @ jnxblmod tanwh whg|mno mw ` lnxcbh gxsvh ns t`vh*bmih mo

fnsj/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

G}j`shg|`

wm$j` shi$|`-/@g}j`

tanwh whg|mno mw anbbnt mo m|w

xuuhs u`s|òl wthbbmod chbnt/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

G}j` shvhsw` wm$j` sh*vhs$w`-/ @ g}j` nf whg|mno wthbbmod `cnvh òl anbbnt

chbnt9 w`jh `w ndhh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

G}j`|mxj wm*j`$wam*xj-/ @ gsntomod jnxblmod gnjunwhl nf |ah g}j`/

Whh Ub`|h MQ/-



365 DBNWW@S]

L

L`ln l`$ln-/ \ah lmh" ns |ah wpx`sh ns shg|òdxb`s mo|hsjhlm`|h u`s|" nf |ah

uhlhw|`b |n ` gnbxjo" bng`|hl ch|thho |ah c`wh òl |ah gnsomgh9 `bwn"

|a`| u`s|nf `

w|s`mda| umb`w|hsch|thho |ah

ubmo|aòl |ah

mjunw|jnxbl*

mod9 `bwn" |ah fmomwamod nf |ah bnths u`s| nf |ah t`bbw mo |ah mo|hsmns nf `

anxwh/ Whh Fmd 7/-

Lùaomw l`f$omw- / @ Dshhi `sgam|hg| nf Jmbh|xw/

Lhg`w|}bh lhi`$w|fb-/ A`vmod |ho gnbxjow mo fsno|" ns gnowmw|mod nf |ho

gnbxjow/

Lhdshh lh*dshN / `- @ w}ono}jnxw |hsj fns #u`s|# xwhl mo |ah jh`wxshjho|

òl usnuns|mnomod nf |ah Nslhsw/ 6- @ usnuns|mno`b u`s| nf ò `sg nf `

gmsgbh/

Lhbnwlh$bnw-/

@o mwbòl nf |ah

KLdhò Wh`"ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w Dshhi Lnsmg

\hjubh nf @unbbn/

Lhjh|hs lh*jh$|hs- / Dnllhww nf `dsmgxb|xsh 9|ah Snjò Ghshw/ @| U`hw|xj

òl `| Hbhxwmw |ahsh `sh shj`mow nf |hjubhw lhlmg`|hl |n ahs/

Lho|mgxb`s lho*|mi$x*b`s-/ Gno|`momod lho|mbw9 taho ùubmhl |n ò Nslhs"

gno|`momod ` gnxswh nf wj`bb shg|òdxb`s cbngiw mo |ah gnsomgh/ Whh Ub`|h

MV òl Fmd/ 005/-

Lho|mb lho$|mb-/ Noh nf |ah whsmhw nf wj`bb gxchw mo|n tamga |ah wpx`sh jhj*

chs mo |ah chl*jnxblmod nf ò Mnomg" ` Gnsmo|amò" ` Gnjunwm|h" ns" ngg`*

wmno`bb}" ` Snjò Lnsmg gnsomgh mw gx|/ Whh Ub`|h MV òl Fmd/ 005/-

Lh|`mb lh$|`b-/ Hob`sdhl uns|mno" ` whg|mno ns u`s| nf ` ubò ns hbhv`|mno"

xwx`bb} ls`to `| b`sdh wg`bh fns |ah xwh nf |ah tnsijho/

Lm`dno`b lm*`d$n*o`b- / @ w|s`mda| bmoh ls`to fsnj nuunwm|h òdbhw" lmvmlmod

` fmdxsh mo|n |tn òdxb`s u`s|w/

Lm`jh|hs lb*`j$h*|hs-/ \ah lmw|ògh |asnxda |ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo fsnj

wmlh |n wmlh9 dhohs`bb} shfhssmod |n |ah b`|hs`b lmw|ògh |asnxda |ah bnths

u`s| nf ` wa`f| mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah c`wh jnxblmod/

Lmò` Usnu}b`h` lb*ò$` usnu*m*bh$`-/ Noh nf |ah wj`bbhs Dshhi |hjubhw `|

Hbhxwmw" wantmod ` wmjubh xwh nf gnbxjow mo ò|mw/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQV òl

QQQVM/-

Lm`w|}bh lb$`*w|fb-/ \ah |hsj lhwgsmcmod ` Gb`wwmg `ssòdhjho| nf gnbxjow"

a`vmod |ah wu`gh nf fnxs lm`jh|hsw fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs nf |ahms wa`f|w"

òl tahsh |ah mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno jh`wxshw |ashh lm`jh|hsw/ Whh Fmd/

0=/-

Lmh lm-/ \ah gxcmg`b u`s| nf |ah uhlhw|`b ch|thho m|w c`wh òl gù9 |ah l`ln/

Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Lmjhowmno lm*jho$wano-/ \ah jh`wxshl lmw|ògh ch|thho |tn unmo|w9 |ah

wm{h nf ` snnj ns cxmblmod/

Lmjmox|mno lmj*m*ox$wano-/ \ah ds`lx`b shlxg|mno mo wm{h |nt`slw |ah holnf ò nckhg| ns gnbxjo/ \ùhsmod/

Lmngbh|mò lm*n*ibh$waò-/ @ Snjò hjuhsns" tanwh chw| ionto shj`momod

`sgam|hg|xs`b jnoxjho| mw |ah f`jnxw C`|aw mo Snjh" mo |ah sxmow nf

tamga a`vh chho fnxol b`|h `cnx| 3=5 @/ L/- Snjò hq`jubhw nf |ah

v`smnxw Nslhsw/ Whh Ub`|h BVM/-

3=5



DBNWW@I] 360

Lmu|hs`b lmu$|h*s`b-/ @ w|sxg|xsh gnowmw|mod nf ns fxsomwahl tm|a ` lnxcbh

sòdh nf gnbxjow/ Whh u`dh 0<19 `bwn holw nf Fmd/ 7</-

Lm|smdb}uamg lm*|sb*dbmf$mg-/ @o mo|hsv`b ns wu`gh ch|thho |tn gnbxjow" `l*

jm||mod nf |ah xwh nf |tn |smdb}uaw no |ah ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh Fmd/ 01/-

Lnjm|mò ln*jm$wa*}ò-/ @ Snjò hjuhsns sxbmod 10*=6 @/ L/

Lnsmg lns*mi-/ \ah nblhw|" ah`vmhw|" òl wmjubhw| nf |ah |ashh usmogmu`b

Dshhi òl Snjò Nslhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 85/-

Lsmu lsmu-/ @ jnxblmod ns usnkhg|mod jhjchs mo|holhl |n |asnt nff s`mo

t`|hs òl ushvho| m|w sxoomod lnto |ah t`bb nf ` cxmblmod/ Whh A òl

J" Fmd/ <6/-

HH`vhw hv{- / \ah hldh ns bnths u`s| nf ` snnf usnkhg|mod ch}nol |ah wxsf`gh

nf|ah t`bb

|n|asnt

nfft`|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 8=/-

Hggho|smg hi*who$|smi-/ On| a`vmod |ah w`jh gho|hs9 shfhssmod |n gmsgbhw"

tamga" |anxda shb`|hl" `sh on| w|sxgi fsnj |ah w`jh gho|hs/

Hgamoxw h*im$oxw-/ `- Usnuhsb} |ah hdd*òl*l`s| nso`jho| gx| ns u`mo|hl

no |ah px`s|hs*snxol jnxblmod |a`| nggxsw mo gnbxjo gùm|`bw/ 6- \ah

gnovhq usnkhg|mod jnxblmod nf hggho|smg gxsvh mo whg|mno mo Dshhi hq*

`jubhw wxuuns|mod |ah `c`gxw nf |ah Lnsmg gùm|`b9 ahogh |ah gnssh*

wunolmod fh`|xsh mo |ah gùm|`bw nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw" ns ò} jnxblmod nf

wmjmb`s usnfmbh |n |ah Lnsmg hgamoxw/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Hdd*òl*L`s| whh Hgamoxw-/ @ Gb`wwmg jnxblmod lhgns`|hl tm|a ò nv`b" hdd*

waùhl nso`jho| `b|hso`|mod tm|a ` o`ssnt" unmo|hl" l`s|*waùhl fnsj"

xwhl nob} |n lhgns`|h ò hgamoxw/ Whh M" Ub`|h QB/-

Hbhxwmw h*bx$wmw-/ @ gm|} nf @||mg` f`jhl fns |ah ghbhcs`|mno nf |ah j}w|hsmhw

nf Lhjh|hs/

Hbhv`|mno hb*h*v`$wano-/ @ dhnjh|smg`b ls`tmod nf ` vhs|mg`b t`bb" ns ` u`s|

nf ` cxmblmod ns n|ahs w|sxg|xsh mo vhs|mg`b usnkhg|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-

Hog`suxw ho*i`s$uxw-/ @ wgxbu|xshl nso`jho| mo mjm|`|mno nf ` fhw|nno nf

fsxm|w" bh`vhw" ns fbnthsw" ns nf n|ahs nckhg|w" aòdmod ch|thho |tn unmo|w/

Whh Fmdw/ 00= òl 075/-

Hod`dhl ho*d`$kl-/ @||`gahl9 hwuhgm`bb} ` gmsgxb`s gnbxjo cxmb| noh*|amsl

ns noh*px`s|hs mo|n ` t`bb" |ah shj`molhs usnkhg|mod ch}nol òl fshh

fsnj |ah t`bb f`gh/ Whh C/ Fmd/ 055/-

Ho|`cb`|xsh ho*|`c$b`*|xs-/ \a`| u`$s| nf ` bmo|hb gnow|sxg|mno" ns nf ` Gb`wwm*

g`b w|sxg|xsh" gnowmw|mod nf ansm{no|`b jhjchsw" tamga shw|w xuno wxu*

uns|mod gnbxjow ns vhs|mg`b jhjchsw òl hq|holw xut`sl |n |ah snnf/

Mo |ah Gb`wwmg Nslhsw m| gnjusmwhw |ah `sgam|s`vh" fsmh{h" òl gnsomgh/

Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Ho|`wmw ho$|`*wmw-/ @ wthbbmod ns nx|t`sl gxsvh `bnod tm|a ò mot`sl

|ùhs mo |ah vh#|mg`b usnfmbh nf |ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ 14/-

Humgxsmxw hu*m*ix$sm*xw-/ @ f`jnxw ua}wmgmò/ @ |hjubh |n @unbbn Humgx*

smxw hshg|hl `| Uamd`bm`/ Whh Fmd/ 6</-

Huml`xsnw hu*m*l`x$snw-/ @ |nto mo @sdnbmw" gamhf wh`| nf |ah tnswamu nf

_Hwgxbùmxw" gno|`momod whvhs`b hq`jubhw nf b`|h Dshhi `sgam|hg|xsh"

u`s|mgxb`sb} ` |anbnw ns gmsgxb`s |hjubh/ Whh Ub`|h B òl Fmd/ 41/-

3=0



363 DBNWW@S]

Humw|}bmxj h*um$w|m*bm*xj- ns Humw|}bh h$um*w|mb-/ \ah `sgam|s`vh nf ` Gb`wwmg

ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh @sgam|s`vh/

Hshga|ahxj h*shi*|ah$xj-/ @o Mnomg |hjubh no |ah @gsnunbmw `| @|ahow"

chdxo<4= C/

G/" gnjubh|hl<51 C/ G/

Whh Fmdw/ 61" 15*18/-

Hxw|}bh x$w|mb-/ Lhon|mod ò `ssòdhjho| nf gnbxjow a`vmod ò mo|hs*

gnbxjom`|mno ns wu`gh ch|thho gnbxjo wa`f|w nf |tn òl noh*fnxs|a

lm`jh|hsw/ Whh Fmd/ 0=/-

Hqhls` hiw$h*ls`-/ @ s`mwhl" whjmgmsgxb`s ns hbbmu|mg`b ub`|fnsj tm|a wh`|

f`gmod |nt`slw |ah gho|hs" nf|ho xwhl mo uxcbmg ub`ghw `w ` jhjnsm`b/

Hq|s`lnw hiw*|s`$*lnw-/ \ah hq|hsmns gxsvh nf ò `sga/ Whh Fmd/ =6/-

F`g`lh f`*w`l$-/ \ah fsno| vmht ns hbhv`|mno nf ò hlmfmgh" ns ò} noh nf m|w

usmogmu`b f`ghw mf m| a`w jnsh |aò noh/ Whh Fmd/ <8/-

F`gxsh f`$waxs-/ @ ub`mo f`gmod nf v`s}mod tml|a lhfmohl c} òdbhw ns jnxbl*

modw xuno h`ga wmlh" `w mo |ah `sgam|s`vh nf |ah Gb`wwmg ho|`cb`|xsh/

F`wgm` f`wa$m*`-/ @o} csn`l" fb`| jhjchs ns jnxblmod tm|a cx| bm||bh usn*

khg|mno" `w |ah ansm{no|`b còlw ns csn`l fmbbh|w mo|n tamga |ah `sgam|s`vhw

nf |ah Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò ho|`cb`|xshw `sh lmvmlhl/ Whh Ub`|hw V òl

QM/-

F`xw|mo` f`xw*|m$o`-/ Tmfhnf

@o|nomoxw Umxw9 on|nsmnxwfns

ahsbmgho|mnxw*

ohww/ Whh Ub`|h BMV/-

Fhohw|s`|mno fho*hw*|s`$wano- / @o `ssòdhjho| nf tmolntw tahsh |ahms

ub`gmod òl shb`|mno |n h`ga n|ahs fnsj |ah usmogmu`b fh`|xsh nf |ah lh*

wmdo/

Fmbbh|w fmb$h|w-/ Wj`bb jnxblmodw a`vmod |ah ùuh`sògh nf o`ssnt" fb`| còlw/

Taho no t`bb wxsf`ghw" |ah} `sh shg|òdxb`s mo usnkhg|mod whg|mno/ \ah}`sh dhohs`bb} xwhl |n whu`s`|h n|ahs nso`jho|w òl jnxblmodw/ Whh

Fmd/ 8/-

Fbnthsh| fbnx*hs*hf-/ @ wj`bb fbnths9 noh nf |ah u`s|w nf |ah Gb`wwmg Gnsmo*|amò òl Gnjunwm|h gùm|`bw/ Whh Ub`|h QV/-

Fbx|h fbnn|-/ Noh nf ` whsmhw nf gxsvhl fxssntw" xwx`bb} whjmgmsgxb`s mo ubò"

whu`s`|hl c} o`ssnt fmbbh|w/ Whh F" Fmd/ <=" òl Fmdw/ 88 òl 86/- Taho

wxga fmbbh|w `sh u`s|m`bb} fmbbhl xu c} ` wj`bbhs" s`mwhl" whjmgmsgxb`s jnxbl*

mod whg|mno" |ah} `sh w`ml |n ch g`cbhl/

Fbx|mod fbnn$|mod-/ @ dsnnvh ns fxssnt9 |ah w}w|hj nf lhgns`|mod c} |ah xwh

nf fbx|hw/ Whh Fbx|h/-

Fns|xo` Vmsmbmw fns*|x$o` vms*0$bmw-/ @ Gnsmo|amò |hjubh mo Snjh/ Whh Fmd/

037/-

Fsmh{h fsh{-/ \a`| u`s| nf ò ho|`cb`|xsh tamga mw ch|thho |ah `sgam|s`vh

òl |ah gnsomgh/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Fsno|mwumhgh fsno$|mw*uhw- / \ah usmogmu`b fsno| nf ` cxmblmod 9ò nso`jho|`b

fmdxsh ns mbbxw|s`|mno f`gmod |ah |m|bh*u`dh nf ` cnni/

Fxw| fxw|- / \ah wa`f| nf ` gnbxjo" ns |ah |sxoi nf ` umb`w|hs/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-

3=3



DBNWW@S] 367

PD`cbh d`$cb-/ \ah o`jh dmvho |n ò òdxb`s*waùhl t`bb wxsf`gh usnkhg|mod

fsnj ` snnf" taho nggxssmod lmshg|b} `cnvh ` ansm{no|`b gnsomgh òlcnxolhl c} sìmod gnsomghw/ Whh Ub`|h QQQV/-

Dmccw dmc{-" K`jhw/ Noh nf |ah chw| ionto Hodbmwa `sgam|hg|w òl tsm|hsw nf

|ah Sho`mwwògh/

Dms|a dhs|a-/ \ah gmsgxjfhshogh nf ò}|amod9 ns |ah lmw|ògh `snxol `

gnbxjo/

Db}uaw dbmfw-/ \ah gaòohbw gx| mo |ah f`gh nf |ah Lnsmg |smdb}ua/ Whh

Fmd/ 4/-

Dshhi Fsh| dshi fsh|-/ @ dhnjh|smg`b" shuh`|mod nso`jho|" dhohs`bb} xwhl

|n nso`jho| ` f`wgm`" còl" ns fsmh{h/ Whh B òl O" Ub`|h QB/-

Dsmbbh dsmb-/ \ah c`sshl jh|`b tnsi ns n|ahs j`|hsm`b fnsjmod ò hogbnw*

mod wgshho" ns usn|hg|mod |ah nuhomodw nf ` w|sxg|xsh/ Whh lnnst`}" Ub`|h

BVMMM/-

Dsnmohl dsnmol-/ \ah |hsj ùubmhl |n |ah gxsvhl mo|hswhg|mno nf |tn v`xb|w

jhh|mod h`ga n|ahs `| ò} òdbh/ Whh Fmd/ 34/-

Dxmbbngah dm*bnwa$-/ \ah |hsj dmvho ` whsmhw nf mo|hsbngimod gmsgbhw ns gxsvhl

bmohw fnsjmod ò nso`jho|`b" shuh`|hl lhwmdo 9` Gb`wwmg jh|anl nf lhgn*

s`|mod ` fb`| ns wbmda|b} gxsvhl còl/ Whh J òl N mo Ub`|h QB/-

Dx||`h dx|$h-" um/ nf Dx||`/ Noh nf ` whsmhw nf uholmod nso`jho|w" dhohs`bb}mo |ah fnsj nf ` fsxw|xj nf ` gnoh cx| wnjh|mjhw g}bmolsmg`b `||`gahl

|n |ah xolhswmlh nf |ah jx|xbh òl shdxb` nf |ah Lnsmg ho|`cb`|xsh/ Whh

Fmdw/ 4 òl 1/- \ah} usnc`cb} shushwho| |ah tnnlho uhdw ns |shh*o`mbw

tamga nggxumhl |ahwh unwm|mnow mo usmjm|mvh tnnlho gnow|sxg|mno/

|m

A`lsmò a`$lsm*ò-/ Snjò hjuhsns" @/ L/ 46*071/ Lml jxga |nt`slw

shw|nsmod òl mjusnvmod Snjh/ Hshg|hl |hjubhw |n \s`kò" Vhoxw" h|g/

A`bmg`so`wwxw a`b*m*i`s*o`w$wxw- / @ Lnsmò gm|} mo @wm` Jmons" f`jnxw fns

|ah j`xwnbhxj cxmb| |ahsh c} @s|hjmw fns ahs axwcòl/

A`|gamod a`ga$mod-/ @ jh|anl nf ls`tmod lm`dno`b u`s`bbhb bmohw |n molmg`|h

ns hjua`wm{h ghs|`mo u`s|w nf ` lhwmdo9 taho |ahwh `sh gsnwwhl c} n|ahs

bmohw" |ah ls`tmod mw |hsjhl gsnww*a`|gamod/ Whh G" L" H" òl F" Fmd/ 3/-

Ahbmq ah$bmiw-" um/ nf Ahbmghw ah$bmw*h{-/ @o} wums`b9 u`s|mgxb`sb} ` wj`bb vn*

bx|h ns |tmw| xolhs |ah `c`gxw nf |ah Gnsmo|amò gùm|`b/ Whh G`xbmgxbxw/-

Ahsàh$s`-/ Tmfh nf [hxw/ Pxhho nf |ah ah`vhow/ \ahsh hqmw|hl ` f`jnxw

w|`|xh nf ahs mo |ah \hjubh nf @sdnw" òl `| W`jnw ` Dshhi Mnomg \hjubhmo ahs anons/

Ahsgxbhw ahs$ix*b6{-/ @ Dshhi dnl/ @| Gns` mw ò h`sb} Snjò Lnsmg

wpx`sh |hjubh nf Dshhi tnsijòwamu" g`bbhl c} amw o`jh/ Whh Fmd/ 07=/-

Ahsjhw ahs$jh{-/ @ wj`bb" wpx`sh wa`f|" dhohs`bb} |ùhsmod |nt`sl |ah cn|*

|nj òl |hsjmo`|mod `| |ah |nu mo ` cxw| ns ah`l/

Ahq`w|}bh ahiw$`*w|bb-/ A`vmod wmq gnbxjow/ Whh Fmd/ 77/-

A}u`h|as`b ab$uh$|as`b-/ Nuho |n |ah wi} 9 b`gimod ` snnf/ Whh Fmd/ 7</-

A}unw|}bh am$un*w|mb- / Gno|`momod umbb`sw/



36< DBNWW@S]

Anoh}wxgibh axo$m*wxi*0-/ @o `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho| wxddhw|hl c} |ah

fbnths" dhohs`bb} xwhl no ` lhgns`|mvh fsmh{h/ Whh P mo Ub`|h QB/-

A}un|s`gahbmxj am$un*|s`*ih$bm*xj-/ Mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs |ah kxog|mno nf |ah

gùm|`b òl |ah wa`f|" j`sihl c} ` chvhb ns gx| `snxol |ah bnths hldn nf

|ah gùm|`b cbngi/ Whh Fmd/ 7=/-

M

Mg|moxw mg*|b$oxw-/ @ f`jnxw `sgam|hg| nf Dshhgh chbnodmod |n |ah whgnol

a`bf nf |ah 8|a gho|xs} C/ G/ Ah t`w |ah gamhf lhwmdohs nf |ah

U`s|ahono òl nf |ah \hjubh nf @unbbn oh`s Uamd`bm`/

Mbmwwxw m*bmw$wxw-/ @ wj`bb smvhs mo @||mg` |a`| fbntw |asnxda ` u`s| nf |ah gm|}

nf @|ahow/

Mjunw| mj$unw|-/ \ah ansm{no|`b jnxblmodw tamga shghmvh" ns xuno tamga

shw|" ò `sga wusmodmod fsnj ` t`bb ns wpx`sh gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ </-

Mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno mo$|hs*in*bxj*om*`$wano-/ @ wu`gmod ù`s| nf gnbxjow/

\ah lmw|ògh mo |ah gbh`s ch|thho gnbxjow/ Whh Fmdw/ 01" 0=" 1=" =5" 0<7"

0<<" òl 0<8/-

Mo|hsmns mo*|h$sm*ns-/ \ah mowmlh nf ` cxmblmod" anxwh" ns snnj/

Mo|hswhg|mno mo*|hs*whi$wano-/ \ah gsnwwmod nf ò} |tn ns jnsh bmohw `| ò}

òdbh tm|a h`ga n|ahs/

Mo|s`lnw mo*|s`$lnw-/ \ah mo|hsmns gxsvh nf ò `sga/ Whh Fmd/ =6/-

Mnomg M*no$mi-/ Noh nf |ah |ashh Dshhi Nslhsw o`jhl fsnj |ah Mnomg s`gh"

c} tanj m| mw ahbl |n a`vh chho lhvhbnuhl òl uhsfhg|hl |ah jnw| lmw*

|modxmwamod fh`|xsh nf tamga mw |ah vnbx|h nf |ah gùm|`b tm|a m|w #snbb#

holw òl |tn f`ghw/ Whh Fmd/ 85/-

K`jcw k`j{-/ \ah vhs|mg`b wmlh umhghw nf ò} nuhomod mo ` t`bb" wxga `w `

lnns ns tmolnt" |ah |nu chmod dhohs`bb} |hsjhl ` wnffm|/ Whh Fmd/ 1</-

Kxum|hs Nb}juxw kx$um*|hs 6*b}j$uxw-/ \ah wxushjh Dshhi lhm|}/ \ah chw|

ionto |hjubh |n |amw dnl mw |ah Gnsmo|amò cxmblmod `| @|ahow" chdxo c}

Dshhi tnsijho `cnx| 045 C/ G/" òl fmomwahl c} |ahj 004 @/ L/ xolhsA`lsmò/ Whh Ub`|h BMM/-

IIò`t`| iò$`*t`|-/ @ |nto mo W}sm` gno|`momod wnjh hq`jubhw nf h`sb}

Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/

Ih}w|noh ih$w|no-/ \ah w|noh `| |ah ùhq nf ò `sga" tamga" chmod b`w| ux|

mo ub`gh" mw shd`slhl `w ih}mod ns bngimod |ah tanbh w|sxg|xsh |ndh|ahs/

Whh Fmdw/ 07 òl =1/-

BB`gxo`sm` b`*ix*o`$sm*`-/ @ uòhbhl ghmbmod" wn g`bbhl fsnj |ah wxoiho ns

anbbnt gnju`s|jho|w gnjunwmod m|/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQ òl QQQM" òl

Fmd/ 057/-

B`|hs`b b`|$h*s`b-/ Usnghhlmod fsnj ns |n" ns wm|x`|hl `|" ` wmlh9 ns `| smda|

òdbhw |n |ah bhod|a ns ahmda|/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-

3=<



DBNWW@S] 368

Bh`f òl*L`s| bhf*òl*l`s|- / @onso`jho|`b lhwmdo t`|hs ubò| òl `ssntw

ùubmhl |n |ah ndhh/ Whh D òl K" Ub`|h QB/-

Bmo|hb Io$|hb-/ @ ansm{no|`b umhgh nf |mjchs ns w|noh shw|mod `gsnww gnbxjow

ns umhsw" ns xuno |ah k`jcw nf ` lnns ns tmolnt" ns wuòomod ò} n|ahs

nuho wu`gh mo ` t`bb ns mo ` gnbxjo`s gnow|sxg|mno" òl whsvmod |n wxuuns|

wxuhsmogxjcho| thmda|/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-

Bmw|hb bmw$|hb-/ @ wj`bb" wpx`sh jnxblmod dhohs`bb} xwhl mo gnokxog|mno tm|a

` b`sdhs jhjchs 9`bwn |hsjhl ` fmbbh|/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Bnchw bnc{- / Usnkhg|mnow" hwuhgm`bb} taho nf ` snxolhl fnsj/

Bnodm|xlmo`b bno*km*|x$lm*o`b-/ Nf ns uhs|`momod |n bhod|a/

Bn|xw bn$|xw-/ @o Hd}u|mò t`|hs ubò|" nf|ho xwhl `w ` lhgns`|mvh jn|mvh

mo Hd}u|mò `sgam|hg|xs`b fnsjw/

Bn{hodh bn{$hok-/ @ fmdxsh a`vmod fnxs hpx`b wmlhw" tm|a |tn `gx|h òl |tn

nc|xwh òdbhw/ Whh Fmd/ G/-

B}wmgs`|hw bb*wmi$s`*|h{-/ \ah o`jh nf ` Dshhi gans`dxw" tamga a`w chho

dmvho |n |ah fmohw| wxsvmvmod Dshhi gans`dmg jnoxjho|/ Whh Fmdw/ 48" 46"

òl 44/-

JJ`ghlnom` j`w*h*lno$m*`-/ @ gnxo|s} ons|a nf Dshhgh/

J`sghbbxw j`s*whb$bxw-/ \ah \ah`|hs nf J`sghbbxw mw |ah o`jh nf ` Snjò

Lnsmg cxmblmod nf gmsgxb`s ubò" cxmb| mo Snjh/ Whh Fmdw/ 007 òl 038/-

J`sw Xb|ns j`s{ xb$|ns- / Wnjh|mjhw g`bbhl J`sw Vhodhxs/- J`sw t`w |ah

Snjò dnl nf t`s/ @ |hjubh mo |ah Fnsxj @xdxw|m gnowhgs`|hl C/ G/ 3"

cxmb| mo |ah |mjh nf @xdxw|xw/ Whh Fmd/ 03=/-

Jhgaòmg`b jh*iò$m*i`b- / Hq`g|9 |ah nuunwm|h nf fshh9 mo`s|mw|mg9 b`ml nx|

`ggnslmod |n w|smg| sxbh/

Jhjchs jhj$chs- / @ u`s| nf ò Nslhs ns nf ` cxmblmod 9` gnbxjo ns ` jnxbl*

mod/

Jh|nuh jh|$8*uh-/ @ wb`c mowhs|hl ch|thho |tn |smdb}uaw nf |ah Lnsmg

fsmh{h9 wnjh|mjhw" hwuhgm`bb} mo b`|h tnsi" gx| mo |ah w`jh cbngi tm|a noh

|smdb}ua ns jnsh/ Whh Fmd/ 8</-

Jmohsv` Unbm`w jm*ohs$v` un$bm*`w-/ \ah o`jh nf ` Dshhi Mnomg \hjubh no

|ah @gsnunbmw mo anons nf noh nf |ah |ashh gamhf Dshhi lmvmom|mhw" |ah

l`xda|hs nf Kxum|hs/ Whh Ub`|h QBMV/- @ |hjubh mo anons nf |ah w`jh

dnllhww t`w hshg|hl `| Usmhoh mo @wm` Jmons/ Whh Ub`|h QBVM/-

Jmbh|xw jm*bh$|xw- / @ |nto mo @wm` Jmons oh`s tamga mw |ah |hjubh nf @unbbn

Lml}j`jw/ Whh Fmd/ =</-

Jmox|h jmo$m|-/ Noh nf |ah lmvmwmnow nf |ah jnlxbh" dhohs`bb} |ams|} mo oxj*

chs fns |ah Dshhi Nslhsw" |thbvh fns |ah Snjò Lnsmg" òl hmda|hho fns

|ah Snjò Mnomg òl Gnsmo|amò / Whh U`s|/-

Jm|hs jm$|hs- @o òdbh nf <89 ns" mo gnow|sxg|mno" |ah xomno nf |tn umhghw

nf jnxblmod `| ò òdbh nf <8/ Taho |ah `cx||mod umhghw `sh lshwwhl |n

ò òdbh dsh`|hs ns bhww |aò <8" |ah knmo| mw usnuhsb} g`bbhl ` chvhb*knmo|/

Whh Fmd/ 35/-

Jnlmbbmno jn*lmb$}no-/ @ usnkhg|mod cs`gih| ns cbngi xwhl xolhs |ah gnsno`

3=8



366 DBNWW@S]

mo |ah gnsomgh nf |ah Gnsmo|amò" |ah Gnjunwm|h" òl ngg`wmno`bb} |ah

Snjò Lnsmg Nslhsw9` gnschb

9` cs`gih|/ Whh Fmd/ 0 77/-

Jnlxbh jnl$xb-/ @ xom| nf jh`wxsh xwhl mo tnsimod nx| |ah usnuns|mno`b

u`s|w nf ò Nslhs nf `sgam|hg|xsh" mov`sm`cb} noh*a`bf |ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah

gnbxjo `| m|w c`wh/

Jnon|smdb}uamg jno*6*|sm*dbmf$mi- / \a`| jnlh nf mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno tamga"

mo |ah Lnsmg Nslhs" shpxmshw |ah wu`ghl xwh nf noh |smdb}ua òl |tn jh|*

nuhw mo |ah ho|`cb`|xsh `cnvh/ Whh Fmd/ 01/-

Jnxblmod j80l$mod-/ @o `sgam|hg|xs`b nso`jho| ns jhjchs tm|a ` wxsf`gh

nf v`s}mod gno|nxs9 ` usnkhg|mod jhjchs/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Jx|xbh jx$|xb-/ @ usnkhg|mod umhgh mo |ah fnsj nf ` fb`| cbngi tm|a ò nso`*

jho|hl xolhs*wxsf`gh" ub`ghl xolhs |ah gnsno` nf |ah Lnsmg gnsomgh òl

gnsshwunolmod |n |ah jnlmbbmno nf |ah n|ahs Nslhsw/ Whh Fmd/ 1/-

OA`nw o`$nw-/ \ah gho|s`b snnj nf ` Gb`wwmg |hjubh" tahsh thsh ub`ghl |ah

w|`|xh òl ghshjnom`b `b|`s nf |ah lmvmom|}/ Whh Fmdw/ 73" 77" òl 7</-

O`vh o`v-/ \ah j`mo gho|s`b uns|mno nf ` gaxsga hq|holmod ch|thho |ah

wmlh gnbxjow fsnj |ah ganms c`gi |n |ah j`mo ho|sògh/

Ohgi ohi-/ \ah u`s| nf ` gnbxjo nggxssmod ch|thho |ah gùm|`b òl |ah

wa`f|/ Whh Fmd/ 7/-

Ohjh` oh*jh$`-/ @ v`bbh} mo @sdnbmw" ghbhcs`|hl fns |ah \hjubh nf [hxw

Ohjhxw/ @bwn tahsh |ah Ohjhò d`jhw thsh ahbl/

Ohsv` ohs$v`-/ \ah o`jh nf noh nf |ah Snjò Fnsxjw/

Omih @u|hsnw om$ih ù$|h*snw- @ |hjubh no |ah @gsnunbmw cxmb| mo anons nf

Omih" dnllhww nf Vmg|ns}/ @bwn g`bbhl Tmodbhww Vmg|ns}/

Omjhw Ohj-/ @ gm|} mo wnx|ahso Fsògh gno|`momod ` Gnsmo|amò shg*

|òdxb`s |hjubh ùusn`gahl c} ` fbmda| nf w|huw" cxmb| lxsmod |ah shmdo nf

A`lsmò" nf|ho g`bbhl |ah J`mwno G`sshh/ Whh Fmd/ 070/-

Onsgm` ons$ga`-/ @ wj`bb H|sxwgò |nto mo gho|s`b M|`b}/

Onsjòl ons$j`xol-/ @ Fshoga tsm|hs no `sgam|hg|xsh bmvmod lxsmod |ah

Sho`mwwògh/

nNg|`w|}bh ni$|`*w|bb- / A`vmod hmda| gnbxjow `w ` uns|mgn nf ` cxmblmod

a`vmod hmda| gnbxjow mo fsno|/ Whh Fmd/ 7</-

Nlhxj 6*lh$xj-/ Noh nf ` gb`ww nf cxmblmodw ìmo |n |ah`|hsw" lhwmdohl

usmj`smb} fns |ah uxcbmg uhsfnsjògh nf jxwmg`b gno|hw|w nf v`smnxw imolw/

Ndhh 6*kh$-/ @ g}j` shg|` ns g}j` shvhsw`9 ` jnxblmod gnowmw|mod nf |tn

jhjchsw" |ah noh gnog`vh" |ah n|ahs gnovhq" ns ` snxol òl ` anbbnt/

Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Numw|anlnjnw nu*mw*|anl$n*jnw-/@o

nuhovhw|mcxbh tm|amo |ah

uns|mgn

nf `

|hjubh `| |ah hol chamol |ah ghbb`9mo jnw| ògmho| |hjubhw gnsshwunolmod

|n |ah usno`nw `| |ah usmogmu`b hol/

Nslhs ns$lhs-/ @ gnbxjo ho|msh mogbxlmod c`wh" wa`f|" òl gùm|`b-" tm|a `

wxuhsmogxjcho| ho|`cb`|xsh" vmhthl `w fnsjmod ò `sgam|hg|xs`b tanbh

ns |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg hbhjho| nf ` w|}bh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 òl 85/-

3=6



DBNWW@S] 364

Nsmho|`|mno n*sm*ho*|`$wano-/ \ah bng`|mno nf ` w|sxg|xsh mo shd`sl |n |ah

lmshg|mno m| f`ghw" hwuhgm`bb} mo fsno|mod |nt`sl |ah h`w|/

Nx|bmoh nx|$bbo-/ @ bmoh tamga j`siw ns cnxolw |ah nx|wmlh nf ` fmdxsh9 `

wih|ga nf ò} wgahjh/

Nvnbn n$vn*06-/ @o hdd*waùhl jnxblmod mo Snjò tnsi" wnjh|mjhw `

px`s|hs nf ` gmsgbh mo whg|mno" cx| mo Dshhi tnsi dhohs`bb} u`s| nf ò

hbbmuwh ns a}uhscnb`/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

U

U`hw|xj uhw$|xj-/ @ gm|} mo Bxgòm` f`jnxw fns |ah sxmow nf |tn ns jnsh

Lnsmg |hjubhw/

U`b`|moh u`b$`*|bo- / Noh nf |ah whvho ambbw nf Snjh/

U`bb`lmn u`b*b`l$m*6-/ @o M|`bmò tsm|hs òl `sgam|hg|" chw| ionto fns amw

u`b`ghw `| Vmgho{` òl gaxsgahw `| Vhomgh/ \ah b`w| dsh`| `sgam|hg| nf

|ah M|`bmò Sho`mwwògh/"

U`bjh||h u`b*jhf-/ @ gnovho|mno`b fbns`b nso`jho| ns bh`f" jnsh ns bhww

shwhjcbmod ` u`bj bh`f/ Whh U òl P" Ub`|h QB/-

U`bj}s` u`b*jm$s`-/ @ |nto mo W}sm`" bnod wmogh lhwhs|hl" tahsh }h| shj`mo

hq|howmvh òl wxuhsc Snjò sxmow/

Uòlsnwnw uò*lsn$wnw-/ L`xda|hs nf Ghgsnuw/ Mo ahs anons ` |hjubh

wòg|x`s} t`w cxmb| `| @|ahow/

Uòhb uò$hb-/ @ gnju`s|jho| tm|a s`mwhl j`sdmow" jnxblhl ns n|ahstmwh"

`w mo ghmbmodw" t`mowgn|w" òl |ah bmih/ Whh Fmd/ =/-

Uò|ahno uò$|ah*no-/ @ b`sdh" gmsgxb`s |hjubh tm|a ` Gnsmo|amò uns|mgn"

mo Snjh" nsmdmo`bb} lhlmg`|hl mo shmdo nf @xdxw|xw C/ G/ 34 @/ L/ 0</

\ah gnbxjow" ho|`cb`|xshw" h|g/" nf |ah uns|mgn nf |ah ushwho| cxmblmod"

tamga l`|hw jnw|b} fsnj 035*03< @/ L/" thsh u`s|w nf |ah nsmdmo`b

w|sxg|xsh/ Whh Fmdw/ 053 òl 057/-

U`sùh| u`s$`*uh|-/ @ bnt t`bb usn|hg|mod |ah hldh nf ` |hss`gh" csmld7"

lhgbmvm|}" h|g/ Whh Ub`|hw QQQMM òl QQQMV/-

U`s| u`s|-" `- \ah xom| mo|n tamga |ah jnlxbh" ns noh*a`bf lm`jh|hs" nf

gnbxjow mw lmvmlhl mo

b`}mod

nx| |ah Snjò slhsw9 \

Vf |ah jnlxbh fns

|ah \xwgò òl Lnsmg" òl \V nf |ah jnlxbh f /ah Mnomg" Gnsmo|amò" òl

Gnjunwm|h Nslhsw" c- @ whu`s`|h lmvmwmno" fs`g|mno" ns fs`djho| nf `

tanbh/

U`s|ahono u`s$|ah*ono-/ \ah \hjubh nf @|ahoh U`s|ahonw `| @|ahow/ M|

gsntohl |ah @gsnunbmw" òl mw shd`slhl `w |ah jnw| oh`sb} uhsfhg| cxmbl*

mod mo |ah tnsbl/ Chdxo `cnx| <85 C/ G/ `f|hs lhwmdow c} Mg|moxw òl

G`bmcs`|hw" xolhs |ah unbm|mg`b lmshg|mno nf Uhsmgbhw" òl |ah `s|mw|mg

wxuhsmo|holhogh nf |ah dsh`| wgxbu|ns Uamlm`w/ Lhlmg`|hl <71 C/ G/

Whh Fsno|mwumhgh mbbxw|s`|mno9 `bwn Fmd/ <8/-

Uhlhw|`b uhl$hw*|`b-/ \ah c`wh ns fnn| nf ` gnbxjo" w|`|xh" ns |ah bmih9 |ah

u`s| no tamga ò xusmda| tnsi w|òlw9m| gnowmw|w nf |ashh u`s|w" |ah c`wh"

lmh" òl |ah gù ns gnsomgh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 òl 38/-

Uhlmjho| uhl$m*jho|-/ \ah d`cbh ns |smòdx`s hol nf |ah snnf nf ` cxmblmod/

Whh Fmd/ 35/-

Uhb`wdmòw uhb*`w$km*òw-/ O`jh dmvho |n |ah h`sbmhw| moa`cm|ò|w nf Dshhgh/

3=4



361 DBNWW@S]

Uholho|mvhw uho*lho$|mv{-/ \ah v`xb|hl uns|mnow wxuuns|mod |ah òdbhw nf

` lnjhl gxunb`/ Whh Fmd/ 31/-

Uho|hbmg uho*|hb$mi-/ @ Gb`wwmg v`smh|} nf uxsh" fmoh*ds`mohl j`scbh" nc|`mohl

fsnj Jnxo| Uho|hbmgxw mo @||mg`/

Uhsmgbhw uhs$m*ibh{-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl @|ahomò w|`|hwjò òl ns`|ns/ Cnso

`cnx| <=8 C/ G9 lmhl `| @|ahow <3= C/ G/ \ah @dh nf Uhsmgbhw t`w |ah

Dnblho @dh nf Dshhgh" |ah uhsmnl nf m|w amdahw| unbm|mg`b" `s|mw|mg" òl

bm|hs`s} lhvhbnujho|/

Uhsmu|hs`b uh*smu$|h*s`b-/ A`vmod ` snt nf gnbxjow `bb `snxol/ Whh Fmdw/

77 òl 7</-

Uhsmw|}bh uhs$m*w|mb- / @ sòdh ns sòdhw nf gnbxjow wxssnxolmod ò} u`s| nf `

|hjubh ns anxwh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 òl 7</-

Uhswuhg|mvh uhs*wuhi$|mv-/ `- @ ls`tmod ns sholhsmod nf ò nckhg| wn `w |n

want m| `w m| tnxbl `g|x`bb} ùuh`s |n |ah h}h nf ` wuhg|`|ns/ \ah usn*

khg|mno dhnjh|smg`bb} no ` umg|xsh ubòh wn |a`| |ah nckhg| ls`to tmbb

ùuh`s `w taho whho fsnj wnjh u`s|mgxb`s unmo|/ &- \ah ùu`sho|

vòmwamod nf u`s`bbhb bmohw `w |ahms lmw|ògh fsnj |ah h}h mw mogsh`whl/

Uamlm`w fml$m*`w-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl Dshhi wgxbu|ns cnso `cnx| 855 C/ G/9 lmhl

`cnx| <75 C/ G/ Ah t`w `wwngm`|hl tm|a Uhsmgbhw mo |ah `s|mw|mg ch`x|m*

f}mod nf @|ahow/ Amw dsh`|hw| tnsi t`w |ah gnbnww`b dnbl òl mvns}

w|`|xh nf @|ahoh Jmohsv`- tamga `lnsohl |ah ghbb` nf |ah U`s|ahono/

Uamd`bm` fm*d`$bm*`-/ @o ògmho| |nto mo |ah Uhbnunoohwxw/ @bwn wuhb|

Uamd`b`h`/On|hl fns m|w

\hjubhnf

@unbbn/Umhs uhs-/ @ j`ww nf j`wnos}" dhohs`bb} wpx`sh mo ubò" xwhl fns wxuuns| ns

|n w|mffho ` t`bb/ Whh L" Fmd/ 3" òl Fmd/ </-

Umbb`s umb$bhs-/ @ snxol umhs g`ss}mod |ah `sgahw ns t`bb nf ` cxmblmod/ Whh

G" Fmd/ 3/-

Umb`w|hs um*b`w$|hs-/ @ shg|òdxb`s gnbxjo ns umhs" `||`gahl |n ` t`bb òl

usnkhg|mod `cnx| noh*fnxs|a |n noh*wmq|a nf m|w csh`l|a fsnj |ah t`bb wxs*

f`gh" gnsshwunolmod mo gù" c`wh" òl dhohs`b usnuns|mnow tm|a |ah gnb*

xjow nf |ah Nslhs tm|a tamga m| mw xwhl9 cRm| |ah wa`f| ho|`wmw nf |an

gnbxjo mw fshpxho|b} njm||hl fsnj |ah umb`w|hs/ Whh Fmd/ =3/-

Ubò ubò-/ @ ls`tmod no ` ubòh wxsf`gh" nf |ah ansm{no|`b whg|mno nf ò nc*

khg|" òl mo|holhl |n want m|w `ssòdhjho| òl lmwunwm|mno 9 dhohs`bb} ù*

ubmhl |n |ah ansm{no|`b usnkhg|mno ns whg|mno nf ` cxmblmod ls`to `| `

wj`bb wg`bh/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-

Ubòh ubò-/ Bhvhb9 ò hvho wxsf`gh tm|anx| hbhv`|mnow ns lhushwwmnow/

Ub`|fnsj ub`|$fnsj-/ @ fbnns s`mwhl `cnvh |ah dhohs`b bhvhb" fns |ah wxuuns|

nf nckhg|w ns uhnubh/

Ubmo|a ubmo|a-/ @ jhjchs" wpx`sh mo ubò òl shg|òdxb`s mo hbhv`|mno"

fnsjmod |ah bnthw| lmvmwmno nf |ah c`wh nf ` gnbxjo/ Whh Fmd/ </- \ah

ubòh" usnkhg|mod wxsf`gh `| |ah cn||nj nf ` t`bb" mjjhlm`|hb} `cnvh |ah

dsnxol/

Ubxjc ubxj-/ Uhsuholmgxb`s/

Unbbxq unb$bxq-/ @ Dshhi dnl" csn|ahs nf G`w|ns/ Whh G`w|ns/-

Unb}gbh|xw unb*m*ibh$|xw-/ @ ghbhcs`|hl Dshhi wgxbu|ns òl `sgam|hg| tan

bmvhl mo |ah b`w| u`s| nf |ah fmf|a gho|xs} C/ G/



7 l|` J

mbm

x/ g8Wn8 30



DBNWW@S] 36=

Unb}w|}bh unb$m*w|mb-/ A`vmod ns wxuuns|hl c} jò} gnbxjow" ns wxssnxolhl

c} whvhs`b sntw nf gnbxjow/

Unjuhmm unj*u`$}h-/ @ gm|} mo G`juòm` fnxolhl 6|a gho|xs} C/ G/" cxsmhl

4= @/ L/ c} ò hsxu|mno nf |ah vnbgòn nf Vhwxvmxw/

Unjuh} unj$um-/ F`jnxw Snjò dhohs`b9 cnso 056 C/ G/9 jxslhshl mo

Hd}u| mo <1 C/ G/ Fnsjhl tm|a G`hw`s òl Gs`wwxw |ah Fmsw| \smxj*

vms`|h" 65 C/ G/9b`|hs ` unbm|mg`b smv`b nf G`hw`s" c} tanj a/h t`w gsxwahl

mo gmvmb t`s/ @ |ah`|hs nf |ah Snjò h`sb} uhsmnl cxmb| c} Unjuh}amjwhbf/

Unsga unsga-/ @ imol nf nx|wmlh vhw|mcxbh ns usnkhg|mod w|sxg|xsh wahb|hsmod

|ah ho|sògh |n ` cxmblmod/ Whh Fmdw/ 61 òl 4</-

Uns|mgn uns$|m*in-/ \ah gnvhshl wu`gh ns unsga mo fsno| nf ` |hjubh/ Whh

Fmd/ 053/-

Unwhmlno un*wm$lno-/ Dnl nf |ah Wh`" òl w`ml |n a`vh cxmb| |ah t`bbw nf

\sn}/ Tnswamuhl |asnxdanx| Dshhgh òl M|`b}/ Mlho|mfmhl tm|a |ah

Snjò Ohu|xoh/

Unw|mgxj unw*|m$ixj- / \ah gnvhshl wu`gh chamol ` |hjubh/

Usmhoh usb*h$oh-/ @o $Mnomò gm|} wm|x`|hl mo G`sm`" @wm` Jmons" ons|a nf

Jmbh|xw/ On|hl fns m|w Mnomg \hjubh nf Jmohsv` Unbm`w/ Whh Ub`|h

QBVM òl Fmd/ =7/-

Usnfmbh usn$fhb ns *fms-/ \ah b`sdhw| gno|nxs ns nx|bmoh nf ò} nckhg|" hwuhgm*

`bb} taho whho mo wmbanxh||h/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Usnkhg|hl usn*khi$|hl-/ G`ssmhl nx|9 hq|holhl9 gno|moxhl9 lhbmoh`|hl `g*

gnslmod |n ò} w}w|hj nf gnsshwunolhogh ch|thho |ah unmo|w nf ` fmdxsh

òl |ah unmo|w nf |ah wxsf`gh no tamga |ah lhbmoh`|mno mw j`lh/

Usnoh nsno-" Usnw|s`|h ns b}mod tm|a f`gh lnto/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

Usnuns|mno`|h usn*uns$wano*`|h-/ Ch`smod ` ghs|`mo a`sjnomnxw shb`|mno |n

n|ahs jhjchsw ns `lknmomod u`s|w/

Usnu}b`h` usnu*m*bh$`-" um/ nf usnu}b`hxj usnu*m*bh$xj-/ @o mjuns|ò| `sgam*

|hg|xs`b vhw|mcxbh ns ho|sògh |n ` w`gshl hogbnwxsh" `w |a`| nf |ah @gsnun*

bmw `| @|ahow/ Whh Fmd/ 11/-

Usnwghomxj usn*wh$om*xj-/ \ah w|`dh nf ` |ah`|hs9 |ah t`bb whu`s`|mod |ah

w|`dh fsnj |ah `xlm|nsmxj/ Mo |ah Gb`wwmg |ah`|hs |ah t`bb cshìw c`gi

òl dnhw `gsnww |ah sh`s nf |ah w|`dh" gnjubh|hb} hogbnwmod |ah uns|mnow

nf |ah w|`dh xwhl c} |ah `g|nsw" òl dhohs`bb} gno|`mow |ashh nuhomodw

|asnxda |ah c`gi ns gxs|`mohl t`bb noh mo |ah gho|hs" òl |tn wj`bbhs

nohw no h`ga wmlh òl noh mo h`ga hol ns sh|xso nf |ah t`bb/ Mo |ah

jnlhso |ah`|hs" |ah usnwghomxj mw |a`| u`s| nf |ah anxwh ch|thho |ah

gxs|`mo ns lsnu*wghoh òl |ah nsgahw|s`9 `bwn" |ah gxs|`mo òl |ah `sga

ns fs`jhtnsi |a`| anblw m|/

Usnw|}bh usn$w|mb-/ Lhon|mod ` uns|mgn mo tamga |ah gnbxjow w|òl gx| >o*

|mshb} mo fsno| nf |ah t`bbw nf |ah cxmblmod |n tamga m| mw `||`gahl9 `bwn lh*

on|mod ` |hjubh ns n|ahs w|sxg|xsh a`vmod gnbxjow mo fsno| nob}" cx|

`gsnww |ah tanbh fsno|/ Whh Ub`|h QQQMMM/-

Uwhxln*lmu|hs`b wx*ln*lmu$|h*s`b-/ \ah |hsj ùubmhl |n ` |hjubh f`bwhb} ns

mjuhsfhg|b} lmu|hs`b" |ah moohs sòdh nf gnbxjow wxssnxolmod |ah ghbb`

chmod njm||hl/ Whh Fmd/ 77/-



345 DBNWW@S]

U|hsnj` |h*sn$j`-/ \ah wu`gh ch|thho |ah t`bb nf |ah ghbb` nf ` Gb`wwmg`b

|hjubh ns ò} wmjmb`s gnbxjo`s w|sxg|xsh" òl |ah u|hsno ns |ah gnbxjow

nf |ah uhsmw|}bh/ Whh Fmdw/ 77 òl 7</-

Uxsbmo uxs$bmo-/ Wj`bb snnf ch`jw shw|mod xuno |ah s`f|hsw òl sxoomod

u`s`bbhb tm|a smldh òlh`vhw/

U}gonw|}bh umg$on*w|fb- / @ |hsj lhon|mod ` gnbnoo`lh mo tamga |ah gnbxjow

w|òl vhs} gbnwh |n h`ga n|ahs" xwx`bb} nob} 0K lm`jh|hsw chmod `bbnthl

|n h`ga mo|hsgnbxjom`|mno/ Whh Fmd/ 0=/-

U}bno umb$no-/ @ jnoxjho|`b w|sxg|xsh fnsjmod u`s| nf ò ho|sògh |n ò

Hd}u|mò |hjubh ns n|ahs mjuns|ò| cxmblmod" òl gnowmw|mod nf ` gho|s`b

d`|ht`} fbòihl no h`ga wmlh c} ` |sxog`|hl" u}s`jml`b |nths tm|a t`bbw

gnvhshl tm|a wgxbu|xshw" |ah u}s`jml`b |nths m|whbf chmod wnjh|mjhw

g`bbhl ` u}bno/

U}s`jml`b um*s`j$m*l`b-/ Uhs|`momod |n" ns a`vmod |ah fnsj nf" ` u}s`jml/

Pxmsmo`b pxms$m*o`b- / Noh nf |ah whvho ambbw nf Snjh" no tamga mw cxmb| |ah

fnsjhs wxjjhs U`b`gh nf |ah Unuhw/ Ahsh mw |ah ushwho|" wh`| nf |ah

M|`bmò Dnvhsojho|" |ah uno|mfmg`b shwmlhogh ont chmod |ah U`b`gh nf

|ah V`|mgò/

SS`lm`b s`$lm*`b- / Wann|mod nx| ns s`lm`|mod fsnj ` gho|hs/

S`lmxw s`$lm*xw-/ @ bmoh ls`to ns hq|holmod fsnj |ah gho|hs nf ` gmsgbh |nm|w gmsgxjfhshogh9 |ah whjm*lm`jh|hs nf ` gmsgbh ns wuahsh/

S`f|hs s`f|hs-/ Noh nf |ah wbnumod ch`jw nf ` snnf" sxoomod fsnj smldh |n

h`vhw" |n tamga mw whgxshl |ah fs`jhtnsi ns uxsbmow xuno tamga |ah nx|hs

gnvhsmod mw o`mbhl/

Shdbh| shd$bh|-/ @ fb`|" o`ssnt jnxblmod xwhl |n whu`s`|h jhjchsw nf gnj*

u`s|jho|w òl uòhbw/ Whh Fmd/ =/-

Shdxb` shd$x*b`-/ @ wans| còl ns fmbbh| nf ` bhod|a gnsshwunolmod |n |ah |sm*

db}uaw nf |ah Lnsmg fsmh{h" ch`smod dx||wh ns lsnuw no |ah bnths wmlh" òl

ub`ghl kxw| chbnt |ah gsntomod |whom` nf |ah `sgam|s`vh/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-

Sh|xso sh*|xso$-/ \ah |xso òl gno|mox`|mno nf ` jnxblmod" t`bb" h|g/" mo ò

nuunwm|h ns lmffhsho| lmshg|mno/

Shvh`b sh*vhb$-/ \ah sh|xso `| |ah wmlh nf ò nuhomod" ns `| |ah hol nf ` uhs*

uholmgxb`s jnxblmod9 |ah vhs|mg`b f`gh nf ` tmolnt*nuhomod ns lnnst`}

ch|thho |ah f`gh nf |ah t`bb òl |a`| nf |ah tmolnt*fs`jh ns lnns*fs`jh/

Whh Fmd/ 1</-

Snbb snm-/ Mo |ah Mnomg Nslhs" |ah snxolmod hol nf |ah vnbx|h" tamga snbbw xuno m|whbf/ Whh Fmd/ 60/-

Snwh||h sn*{hf-/ @ g`svhl" gnovho|mno`bm{hl mjm|`|mno nf ` snwh ns n|ahs lh*

wmdo nf wmjmb`s" gmsgxb`s nx|bmoh" hqhgx|hl mo wnjh j`|hsm`b/ Whh Fmd/ =/-

Sxoomod lnd sxoomod lnd$- / @ Gb`wwmg" nso`jho|`b jnxblmod" dhohs`bb} xwhl

mo ` fsmh{h ns còl" shwhjcbmod |ah t`vh nso`jho|/ Whh J mo Ub`|h QB/-

Sxw|mg`|hl sxw$|m*i`*|hl-/ Shfhssmod |n |ah |sh`|jho| nf ` w|noh t`bb wxs*

f`gh" tahsh whu`s`|h cbngiw `sh bhf| tm|a ` snxda*ahto wxsf`gh usnkhg|mod

755



DBNWW@S] 340

fsnj |ah bmoh nf |ah knmo|w" tamga `sh shghwwhl mo ga`jfhshl ns shg|òdxb`s

dsnnvhw" òl tanwh tml|a mw hjua`wm{hl/ Whh Fmd/ 48/-

8W`|xso w`$|xso-/ @ Snjò dnl |n tanj t`w cxmb| `| Snjh ò hb`cns`|h

Gnsmo|amò |hjubh/

Wg`bh wi`b-/ @ jhòw nf usnuns|mno`|h jh`wxshjho|9 ds`lx`|hl" hwuhgm`bb}

taho hjubn}hl `w ` sxbh" chmod j`sihl c} bmohw ns lhdshhw `| shdxb`s mo*

|hsv`bw/ Whh `| bnths smda| gnsohs" Ub`|h MM/-

Wg`jn{{m wi`*jn{${m-/ @o M|`bmò tsm|hs òl `sgam|hg|" ` fnbbnths òl uxumb

nf U`bb`lmn/ Whh Fmd/ 035/-

Wgmumn wmu$m*6-/ \ah o`jh nf whvhs`b Snjò dhohs`bw tanwh \njcw oh`s |ah

@uumò T`} `sh thbb ionto/ Whh Fmd/ 051/-

Wgn|m` win$|m*`-/ @ gnog`vh jnxblmod" `w ch|thho |ah fmbbh|w mo |ah c`wh nf

|ah Lnsmg gnbxjo9 xwhl hwuhgm`bb} choh`|a |ah bhvhb nf |ah h}h/ Wnh

Fmd/ 8/-

Wgshho wisho-/ @o} t`bb ns gnow|sxg|mno" uhsjòho| ns |hjuns`s}" tamga

gnvhsw ns usn|hg|w ` uns|mno nf ` cxmblmod" snnj" ns n|ahs wu`gh fsnj lmshg|

ncwhsv`|mno/ @ jhwatnsi ub`ghl mo ` fs`jh |n usn|hg| ` uns|mno nf `

cxmblmod" ns ò nuhomod" fsnj |ah ho|sògh nf mowhg|w/ Whh Ub`|h BVMMM/-

Whdhw|` wh*khw$|`-/ @ |nto mo |ah ons|athw|hso u`s| nf Wmgmb}" gno|`momod

wnjh vhs} ch`x|mfxb Dshhi `sgam|hg|xs`b sxmow" hwuhgm`bb} |a`| nf ` Lnsmg

|hjubhnf |ah 6|a

gho|xs}C/ G/

Whdjho|`b whd*jho$|`b- / Shb`|mod |n ns chmod ` whdjho| ns u`s| nf ` |amod/

Whbmoxw wh*bb$oxw-/ @ |nto mo wnx|athw|hso Wmgmb}" ghbhcs`|hl fns |ah sxmow nf

|ah \hjubh nf [hxw/

Whu|mjmxw Whvhsxw whu*|mj$m*xw wh*vh$sxw-/ @ Snjò hjuhsns" 0=7*300 @/ L/"

mo tanwh anons t`w hshg|hl ` |smubh `sgat`} tm|a Gnjunwm|h gnbxjow

Ah lmhl `| ]nsi" Hodbòl/

Whsbmn whs$bh*6-" Whc`w|mòn/ @o M|`bmò `sgam|hg| òl tsm|hs bmvmod lxsmod |ah

|mjh nf |ah Sho`mwwògh/ Ah lhwmdohl ` gnowmlhs`cbh oxjchs nf cxmbl*

modwmo Fsògh/

Wa`f| wa`f|-/ \a`| u`s| nf |ah gnbxjo hq|holmod fsnj |ah gùm|`b |n |ah

c`wh/ Whh Fmdw/ 7 òl 60/-

Wmbb wmb- / \ah ansm{no|`b jhjchs `| |ah cn||nj nb ` lnns ns tmolnt whh

Fmd/ 1<- 9` umhgh nf |mjchs ns w|noh no tamga ` w|sxg|xsh shw|w/ Whh

Fmd/ 1</-

Wnffm| wnf$m|-/ Ghmbmod9 ùubmhl |n |ah xolhs wmlh nf `sgahw òl nf n|ahs `sgam*

|hg|xs`b jhjchsw/ Whh Fmdw/ = òl 0</-

Wuòlshb wuò$lshb-/ \ah |smòdxb`s wu`gh gnjushaholhl ch|thho |ah nx|hs

gxsvh nf ò `sga" ` ansm{no|`b bmoh |asnxda m|w ùhq" òl ` vhs|mg`b bmoh

|asnxda m|w wusmod9 `bwn" |ah t`bb*wu`gh ch|thho |ah nx|hs jnxblmodw nf

|tn `sgahw òl ` ansm{no|`b bmoh ns w|smodgnxswh `cnvh |ahj" ns ch|thho

|ahwh nx|hs jnxblmodw òl |ah mo|s`lnw nf òn|ahs `sga smwmod `cnvh òl

mogbnwmod |ah |tn/ Whh Fmd/ </-

Wumo} wum$om- / Unmo|hl9 wa`sub} whss`|hl

9 shfhssmod |n ghs|`mo fnsjw nf |ah

Dshhi `gò|axw/ Whh Fmdw/ 6= òl 47" òl Ub`|h QBMQ/-

750



343 DBNWW@S]

W|`lmxj w|`$lm*xj-/ @ b`sdh" shg|òdxb`s wu`gh tm|a ` snxolhl hol" òl

nuho |n |ah wi}9 m| t`w mo|holhl fns s`ghw" gno|hw|w" òl wuhg|`gbhw nf v`*

smnxw imolw" òl wxssnxolhl c} |mhsw nf wh`|w fns wuhg|`|nsw/

W|`vhww|`v{-/

\ahwxuuns|w

ns w|hjw anblmodxu

nso`jho|`buns|mnow

nf |ah

bh`f`dh no |ah Gnsmo|amò òl Gnjunwm|h gùm|`bw/ Whh Ub`|h QVM/-

W|hbh w|h$bh-/ @ ah`lw|noh ns fxohs`b jnoxjho| xwhl c} |ah Dshhiw" dho*

hs`bb} holmod tm|a ` gsntomod ns gshw|mod nso`jho| mogbxlmod |ah ìsn|hs

mo wnjh nf m|w whvhs`b fnsjw/ Whh Fmd/ 16/-

W|n` w|n$`-/ @ uns|mgn" xwx`bb} ` wahb|hshl uns|mgn òl nf|ho nf gnowmlhs`cbh

hq|ho|" gnovhomho|b} bng`|hl oh`s ` uxcbmg ub`gh òl mo|holhl |n `ffnsl

nuuns|xom|} fns t`bimod ns gnovhsw`|mno/

W|smodgnxswh w|smod$insw- / @ chb| ns gno|moxnxw còl nf jnxblmodw hq|hol*

mod `gsnww |ah f`g`lh nf ` cxmblmod/ Whh Fmd/ 3/-

W|sxg|xsh w|sxi$|xs- / @ cxmblmod nf ò} imol /

W|}bnc`|h w|b$06*c`|- / \ah ub`|fnsj dhohs`bb} gnowmw|mod nf |ashh w|huw" |ah

xuuhs fnsjmod |ah fbnns nf |ah gnssmlns ns gnbnoo`lh `snxol |ah cxmblmod

xuno tamga |ah Gb`wwmg Dshhi cxmblmod ns |ah gnbxjow nf m|w wxssnxol*

mod gnbnoo`lh shw|/ Whh Ub`|h QQQV òl Fmd/ <8/-

Wxuhsgnbxjom`|mno wx$uhs*in*bxj*om*`$wano-/ \ah wxuhsunwm|mno nf gnbxjow9

|ah ub`gmod nf noh Nslhs `cnvh òn|ahs/ Whh Fmdw/ 37 òl 3</-

Wxuhsmjunwhl wx$uhs*mj*un{l$-/ B`ml no ns `llhl `cnvh wnjh|amod hbwh" `w

noh Nslhs ub`ghl no |nu nf òn|ahs/ Whh Fmdw/ 37 òl 3</-

Wxuhsmogxjcho| wx$uhs*mo*ixj$cho|- / B}mod ns shw|mod no wnjh|amod hbwh/

Wxuhsunwm|mno wx$uhs*un*wm$wano-/ Ub`gmod noh |amod `cnvh òn|ahs" `w |ah

xwh nf ` bmda|hs Nslhs fns |ah whgnol w|ns} nf ` cxmblmod" ub`ghl `cnvh `

ah`vmhs Nslhs xwhl fns |ah fmsw| w|ns}/ Whh Fmdw/ 30" 33" 37" òl 3</-

Wxuuns| wxu*uns|$-/ @ usnu/

Wthbb wthb-/ Chbb}9 shfhssmod |n |ah wbmda| mogsh`wh mo |ah wm{h nf |ah gnbxjo

ch|thho |ah c`wh òl |ah ohgi/ Whh Fmd. 60/-

W}w|}bh wmw$|mb-/ A`vmod gnbxjow tamga w|òl |tn lm`jh|hsw ù`s|" ns |ashh

lm`jh|hsw no gho|hsw/ Whh Fmd/ 0=/-

\`cxb`smxj |`c*x*b`s$m*xj-/ @o h`sb} Snjò cxmblmod c`gimod |ah Who`|h"

òl gnowmw|mod nf ` |`bb t`bb gsntohl tm|a ` gnbnoo`lh ub`ghl `d`mow| ò

`sg`lh mo |ah ga`s`g|hsmw|mg Snjò f`wamno/ \ah fmsw| hq`jubh nf |amw

xw`dh nf tamga th iont/ M| l`|hw fsnj `cnx| 41 C/ G/

\`hom` |h$om*`-/ @ fmbbh| wxsjnxo|mod |ah Lnsmg `sgam|s`vh/ Whh Fmd/ 4 òl

Ub`|h MQ/-

\ùhs |`$uhs-/ \ah ds`lx`b lmjmox|mno ns shlxg|mno mo wm{h nf ò nckhg|

hwuhgm`bb} ` gnbxjo |nt`slw m|w hol ns |nu/ Whh Fmd/ 14/-

\h|s`w|}bh |h|$s`*w|bb-/ A`vmod ns gnowmw|mod nf fnxs gnbxjow/ Whh Ub`|h

QQQMMM/-

\ahwhxj |ah*wh$xj-/ @ |hjubh |n |ah @|ahomò ahsn" \ahwhxw9 hwuhgm`bb} `

ghs|`mo Lnsmg |hjubh cxmb| mo @|ahow tamga mw noh nf |ah |ashh jnw| uhs*

fhg| wxsvmvmod Dshhi |hjubhw/ Whh Fmd/ +0/-



DBNWW@S] 347

\anbnw |an$bnw- ns \anbxw |an$bxw-/ @ gmsgxb`s cxmblmod9 ` lnjhl w|sxg|xsh9

h/ d/" |ah \anbnw `| Huml`xsnw/ Whh Fmd/ 41 òl Ub`|h B/-

\m|xw |m$|xw-/ Snjò hjuhsns" 4=*10 @/ L/ Ah gù|xshl Khsxw`bhj 45 @/ L/-

lxsmod |ah shmdo nf amw f`|ahs Vhwu`wmò/ \ah @sga nf \m|xw mo Snjh

t`w hshg|hl mo gnjjhjns`|mno nf |amw hvho|/ Whh Fmd/ 07</-

\mvnbm |hv$n*bh-/ @ |nto oh`s Snjh ghbhcs`|hl fns m|w gmsgxb`s |hjubh nf Vhw*

|`" wantmod ò hqghbbho| hq`jubh nf |ah Snjò Gnsmo|amò Nslhs/ Whh

Fmd/ 075/-

\nsxw |n$sxw-/ \ah b`sdh" gnovhq jnxblmod nf whjmgmsgxb`s usnfmbh xwhl dho*

hs`bb} `w |ah bnthw| jhjchs" òl kxw| `cnvh |ah ubmo|a taho m| mw hj*

ubn}hl nf |ah gnbxjo c`wh/ Whh Fmd/ 8/-

\s`kò |s`$kò-/ Snjò hjuhsns" =1*004 @/ L/ F`jnxw fns amw t`sw

`d`mow| |ah L`gmòw òl U`s|amòw/ \smxjua`b `sgahw mo amw anons thsh

hshg|hl `| Snjh òl @ogno`/ Whh Fmd/ 074/-

\smdb}ua |sm$dbmf-/ @ lhgns`|mvh nso`jho| nggxssmod `| shdxb`s mo|hsv`bw mo

|ah fsmh{h nf |ah Dshhi Lnsmg Nslhs" òl ch`smod uhsuholmgxb`s mogmwmnow

ns gaòohbw xuno m|w wxsf`gh/ Whh Fmd/ 4/-

\xjcbh*anjh |xj$cb*anj-/ W|smg|b}" ` o`x|mg`b |hsj shfhssmod |n |ah |ùhs*

mod ns wbnumod mo nf |ah wmlhw nf ` vhwwhb `w |ah} oh`s |ah |nu nf |ah cn`|9

xwhl mo |amw gnoohg|mno `w shfhssmod |n ` wmjmb`s wbnumod*mo nf ` gnbxjo ns

cxmblmod |nt`sl m|w |nu/ Whh Fmdw/ 78 òl 76/-

\xwgò |xw$iò-/ \ah wmjubhw| nf |ah fmvh Snjò *Nslhsw nf `sgam|hg|xsh"

wxuunwhlb} lhsmvhl c} |ah Snjòw fsnj ` gnjcmo`|mno nf |ah Dshhi

Lnsmg tm|a |ah bng`b H|sxwgò gnbxjo`s `sgam|hg|xsh/ Whh Fmd/ 6/-

\}juòxj |mj$u`*oxj-/ \ah |smòdxb`s `sh` wxssnxolhl c} |ah gnsomghw

nf ` uhlmjho|/ Whh Fmd/ 35/-

\}uh |mu-/ \ah nsmdmo`b jnlhb ns imol tamga chgnjhw |ah wxckhg| nf gnu}9

|ah j`si ns mjushwwmno nf wnjh|amod ch`smod ` lhfmom|h òl xojmw|ì*

`cbh w|`ju9 chbnodmod |n ` wuhgm`b wns| ns f`jmb}/

xXolhsgx| xo*lhs*ix|$-/ Mo jnxblmodw" a`vmod ` whg|mno tamga nvhsaòdw"

dmvmod ` lhhu anbbnt ns l`si wa`lnt choh`|a/ Whh J" Fmd/ <6/-

Vòmwamod unmo| vò$mwa*mod unmo|-/ @o mj`dmo`s} unmo| |nt`slw tamga |ah

ansm{no|`b bmohw nf ` cxmblmod ùuh`s |n gnovhsdh/

V`xb| v`xb|-/ @o `sgamod w|sxg|xsh nf j`wnos}" csmgi" ns tnnltnsi" fnsjmod

` gònu}" gnvhs" ns ghmbmod/ Whh Fmdw/ 36 òl 34/-

Vhs|mg`b vhs$|m*i`b-/ Chmod mo ` unwm|mno ns lmshg|mno uhsuholmgxb`s" |n |ah

ansm{no9 xusmda| 9 ubxjc/

Vhwu`wmò vhw*u`{a$}ò-/ @ Snjò hjuhsns"@/ L/

45*4=" lxsmodtanwh

shmdo t`w gnjjhoghl |ah Gnbnwwhxj `| Snjh/

Vhw|` vhw$|`-/ \ah dnllhww nf |ah vhw|`b vmsdmow/ Noh Snjò |hjubh nf

|amw o`jh hqmw|w `| \mvnbm/ M| w|mbb gno|`mow tmolntw nf |ah |sxh Snjò

uhsmnl/ Whh Fmd/ 075/-

Vhw|mcxbh vhw$|m*cxb-/ @o ho|sògh ns u`ww`dh a`bb ohq| |ah nx|hs lnns nf `

757



34< DBNWW@S]

anxwh" fsnj tamga |ah lnnsw nuho mo|n |ah v`smnxw moohs snnjw/ @

unsga" bncc}" a`bb/

Vmdonb` vh*o}n$b`-" Dm`gnjn C`sn{{m/ @ Sho`mwwògh `sgam|hg| òl w|xlho|

nf `sgam|hg|xsh/ @x|ans nf |ah thbb*ionto tnsi no |ah Sho`mwwògh

Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh/ Ah wxgghhlhl Jmgahbòdhbn `w |ah `sgam|hg| nfW|/ Uh|hs$w" Snjh/

Vm|sxvmxw Unbbmn vm*|snn$vm*xw unb$m*6-/ @ Snjò hodmohhs òl tsm|hs no

`sgam|hg|xsh/

Vnbx|hw vn$bx|w-/ @ imol nf wums`b wgsnbb fnsjmod |ah usmogmu`b nso`jho| nf

|ah Mnomg òl ` wxcnslmo`|h u`s| nf |ah Gnjunwm|h gùm|`bw/ Whh Fmd/

60/-

Vn|mvh v8$|mv-/ Lhvn|hl |n wnjh nckhg| ns lhm|}9 dhohs`bb} mo gnjjhjns`*

|mno nf ` ghs|`mo hvho| ns mo gnowhpxhogh nf ` vnt/

Vnxwwnms vnnw*wt`s$-/ Noh nf |ah thldhbmih w|nohw fnsjmod ò `sga/ Whh

Fmd/ =1/-

tT`mowgn| tò$win|-/ \ah tnnlho bmomod nf t`bbw" dhohs`bb} mo$ uòhbw òl

`bnod |ah bnths uns|mno nob} nf |ahms ahmda|/

T`vh nso`jho| t`v ns$o`*jho|-/ @ Dshhi lhgns`|mvh fnsj nf fbntmod

gxsvhw" shdxb`sb} shuh`|hl9 dhohs`bb} xwhl mo ` còl ns fsmh{h/ Whh J"

Ub`|h QB/-

Tmolw" \nths nf |ah/ @ ansnbndmxj ns t`|hs gbngi hshg|hl `| @|ahow c}

@olsnomgxw G}ssahw|hw mo |ah 0w| Gho|xs} C/ G/ M| t`w ng|`dno`b mo

ubò" òl vhs} nso`|h" chmod wxsjnxo|hl c} ` csno{h |sm|no whsvmod `w `

th`|ahs*vòh/ Whh Fmdw/ 43 òl 4</-

{[hxw {xw-/ Wxushjh dnl nf j}|anbnd}" |n tanj jò} |hjubhw thsh hshg|hl"

|ah usmogmu`b noh chmod |a`| `| Nb}jum`/ Mlho|mfmhl tm|a |ah Snjò

Kxum|hs/

75<



CMCBMNDS@UA]



CMCBMNDS@UA]

NSLHSW NF @SGAM\HG\XSH

ON\H \ah |m|bhw j`sihl tm|a `w|hsmwiw `sh gnowmlhshl |ah jnw| Mj*

uns|ò|" |anwh tm|a ` lnxcbh `w|hsmwi chmod hwuhgm`bb} shgnjjholhl/

++Cxabjòo; Lmh @sgam|hi|xs lhw Gb`wwmwgaho @b|hs|axjw xol lhs Sho`mw*

wògh/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Gb`wwmg @dhw òl nf |ah Sho`mwwògh/-

W|x||d`s|" 0143*11/ 7 vnbxjhw mo noh/ 48 fnblmod ub`|hw/ @ v`bx`cbhòl thbb*ls`to gnbbhg|mno nf |ah chw| Gb`wwmg òl Sho`mwwògh cxmblmodw/

#_Ga`jchsw" Wms T/ ; Lhgns`|mvh U`s| nf Gmvmb @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 3 vnb*

xjhw" ub`|hw/ Bngitnnl" 30 wambbmodw/ 0117/ @ tnsi no |ah Nslhsw

tm|a wnjh hqghbbho| mlh`w òl xoxwx`b mbbxw|s`|mnow/

+Dmccw" K/ ; Sxbhw fns Ls`tmod |ah Whvhs`b U`s|w nf @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno/

0487/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/ \ah chw| nf |ah nbl Hodbmwa #Cxmblhsw$ Aòl*

cnniw"# fsnj tamga |ah gnbnom`b g`suho|hsw lhsmvhl |ahms lh|`mbw/

B`xsh}w ; Ixswxw lhs Gb`wwmwgaho C`xixow|/ Gnxswh mo Gb`wwmg @sgam|hg|xsh/-

Chsbmo"011=/ 45

ub`|hw/@o hb`cns`|h jh|anl nf

ls`tmod|ah Nslhsw mo

`bb |ahms u`s|w9 us`g|mg`bb} `bb mogbxlhl mo ` wmjubh fnsj- mo U`s| M nf

W|xl} nf |ah Nslhsw @jhsmgò Wgannb nf Gnsshwunolhogh-/

++J`xga; Lmh @sgam|hi|nomwgaho Nsloxodho lhs Dsmhgaho xol Snjhs/ \ah

@sgam|hg|xs`b Nslhsw nf |ah Dshhiw òl Snjòw/- Chsbmo" 0148/ 3

u`s|w mo noh vnbxjh/ 053 fnblmod ub`|hw/ @ gnbbhg|mno nf ` dsh`| oxj*

chs nf ò|mpxh Dshhi òl Snjò ub`|hw fsnj v`smnxw cxmblmodw/

+Onsjòl" G/ U/ K/; U`s`bbhb nf |ah Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 013=/

6< fnblmod ub`|hw/ @o ò`b}wmw nf |ah lmffhsho| Nslhsw" òl |ah v`smnxw

jh|anlw nf usnuns|mnomod |ahj 9nf v`bxh òl mo|hshw| |n |ah tnsihs òl

w|xlho|/

Wumhsw; \ah Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 01=5/ 35 fnblmod ub`|hw/

+Vmdonb`; \ah Fmvh Nslhsw nf @sgam|hg|xsh9 |n tamga mw `llhl |ah Dshhi Ns*

lhsw/ Cnw|no/ 13 ub`|hw/ C`|hw & Dxmbl" ,8/ Tm|a |ah nsmdmo`b Fshoga

ub`|hw òl tm|a Hodbmwa |sòwb`|mno nf lhwgsmu|mvh j`||hs/

@jhsmgò Vmdonb`/ Hlm|hl c} Usnf/$ T/ S/ T`sh/ Oht ]nsi/ @jhsmgò

@sgam|hg|" 0=53/ ,3/55/ @ shgho| òl lmffhsho| tnsi" tm|a shls`to

ub`|hw òl jò} n|ahs v`bx`cbh mbbxw|s`|mnow nf w|òl`sl `sgam|hg|xs`b

lh|`mbw/

CNNIW NO @SGAM\HG\XSH SHB@\MOD \N \AH NSLHSW

++@olhswno òl Wumhsw; @sgam|hg|xsh nf Dshhgh òl Snjh/ Oht ]nsi;

Ga`w/ Wgsmcohs$w Wnow/ ,4/85 oh|/ @ jnlhso òl gnjubh|h Hodbmwa tnsi

dmvmod" mo `||s`g|mvh fnsj" lhwgsmu|mnow òl mbbxw|s`|mnow nf Dshhi òl

Snjò `sgam|hg|xsh/

756



CMCBMNDS@UA] 344

Csm|mwa Jxwhxj; W}onuwmw nf |ah Gno|ho|w nf |ah Csm|mwa Jxwhxj/ Lhu`s|*

jho| nf Dshhi òl Snjò @o|mpxm|mhw9 |ah wgxbu|xshw nf |ah U`s|ahono"

Bnolno" 0115/ 0116/

Gòmo`; B$ @sgam|h||xs`@o|mg`/ @ogmho| @sgam|hg|xsh/- Snjh/ 0175*<</

05 vnbxjhw/ @o nbl tnsi mo M|`bmò" tm|a b`sdh hods`vmodw nf nbl Snjò

tnsi wnjhta`| g`shbhwwb} òl mognsshg|b} shw|nshl/

+Ganmw}; Amw|nmsh lh M$ @sgam|hg|xsh/ Amw|ns} nf @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw/ @o

hqa`xw|mvh amw|ns} mo Fshoga tm|a a`sl" s`|ahs xomo|hshw|mod mbbxw|s`|mnow*

+Lxsòl; Shgxhmb h| U`s`bbhbh lhw Hlmfmghw lh \nx| Dhosh" @ogmhow h| Jnlhsohw/

Shvmht òl U`s`bbhb nf Cxmblmodw nf Hvhs} Gb`ww" @ogmho| òl Jnlhso/-

U`smw" 0155/ =5 fnblmod ub`|hw/ @ uns|fnbmn nf g`shfxbb} ls`to òl hb`c*

ns`|h Fshoga Wgannb sholhsmodw/

Fhsdxwwno; Amw|ns} nf @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 0168/ 3 vnbxjhw" mbbxw|s`|hl/

,4/85/ @o nbl*f`wamnohl tnsi w|mbb gnowmlhshl ò `x|ansm|}" tm|a tnnl

hods`vmodw$" òl w|`|hjho|w tamga nf|ho ln on| `dshh tm|a jnlhso òl

jnsh shgho| shwh`sgahw/

++D`xlh|; \ahnsmh lh M$ @sgam|hg|xsh/ \ahns} nf @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw/ 7

vnbxjhw/ \ah jnw| xu*|n*l`|h òl hqa`xw|mvh tnsi no |ah wxckhg|"

fxbb} mbbxw|s`|hl/ C} ` usnfhwwns nf |ah Hgnbh lhw Ch`xq @s|w/ M| sh*

pxmshw ` s`|ahs dnnl gnjjòl nf jnlhso gnovhsw`|mno`b Fshoga |n sh`l

m| tm|a h`wh/

D`mba`c`xl; Jnoxjho|w @ogmhow h| Jnlhsohw/ @ogmho| òl Jnlhso Jnox*

jho|w/- @ gnbbhg|mno fnsjmod ` amw|ns} nf `sgam|hg|xsh/ U`smw" 0188/ <

vnbxjhw" 7== ub`|hw/ @o hb`cns`|h òl wnjhta`| uhlò|mg Fshoga tnsi/

+Bnodfhbbnt; Hog}gbnuhlm` nf @sgam|hg|xsh mo Dshhgh" M|`b}" òl Fsògh/ Oht

]nsi/ @o mo|hshw|mod tnsi" |anxda ohm|ahs gnjubh|h ons c`bòghl mo

wgnuh/

+Bxhcih; Amw|ns} nf @s|/ Hlm|hl c} Sxwwhbb W|xsdmw/ Oht ]nsi/ @ thbb*

gnowmlhshl vnbxjh/

Shchs; Amw|ns} nf @ogmho| @s|/ \sòwb`|hl c} K/ \/ Gb`sih" Oht ]nsi" 0113/

Mbbxw|s`|hl/ Wnjhta`| `sga`_nbndmg mo mo|ho|mno/

Sh}o`xl; \s`m|h l$ @sgam|hg|xsh/ \sh`|mwh no @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw/ \hq|

3 vnbxjhw9 ub`|hw" 3 vnbxjhw/ @on|ahs thbb*mbbxw|s`|hl Fshoga tnsi/

Wgabmhjòo; J}gho`h/ \hq|/ Mbbxw|s`|mnow nf vhs} h`sb} Dshhi tnsi_

G}gbnuhò/-

Wmjuwno" F/ J/; Amw|ns} nf @sgam|hg|xs`b Lhvhbnujho|/ Bnolno" 0=58/ @o

s*bmih vnbxjh/

W|xsdmw; Lmg|mno`s} nf @sgam|hg|xsh òl Cxmblmod/ 7 vnbxjhw/ Oht]nsi;

\ah J`gjmbbò Gn/ ,01/ @ jnlhso lmg|mno`s} mo Hodbmwa" tm|a jò}

mbbxw|s`|mnow/

Xalh; @sgam|hg|xs`b Fnsjw nf Gb`wwmg @dhw" Oht ]nsi/ ,01/

+Vmnbbh|*bh*Lxg; Lmwgnxswhw no @sgam|hg|xsh/ Cnw|no/ 0148/ 3 vnbxjhw9

ub`|hw/ @ |sòwb`|mno nf ` cnni c} ` Fshoga shw|nshs òl `x|ansm|}/

754



341 CMCBMNDS@UA]

DSHHI @SGAM\HG\XSH

++@g`lhjmh lh b` Fsògh ` Snjh; Shw|`xs`|mnow lhw Jnoxjho|w @o|mpxhw/

Shw|ns`|mnow nf @ogmho| Jnoxjho|w/- U`smw/ 0144*=5/ Fnblmod

ub`|hw9vm{/ ;

\hjubhnf

Kxum|hs" Uò*Ahbbhomg"`|

*_Hdmo`/ C}G/ D`jmhs/

Wantw Dshhi gnbnsmod/- \ah \hjubhw nf Uwhw|xj/ Shw|ns`|mno c} A/

B`csnxw|h/ Ch`x|mfxbb} sholhshl òl gnbnshl Fshoga ls`tmodw/

+@lbhs; Lmh C`xlhoij`bhs vno Nb}jum`/ Shj`mow nf Nb}jum`/- Chsbmo"

01=3/ \hq|" noh vnbxjh9 `|b`w" 43 ub`|hw/

Chxbh; B$ @gsnunbh l$ @|ahohw/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow/- U`smw" 0187"

018</ \hq|9 ubòw/

Cnh||mgahs" @/; Lmh @isnunbmw vno @|aho/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow-/ Chs*

bmo" 0111/#

@/; Nb}jum`9 l`w Fhw| xol whmoh W|`||h/ Nb}jum`9 |ah Fhw|mv`b

òl m|w Bng`|mno/- Chsbmo" 0117/ Mbbxw|s`|mnow9 ub`|hw/#

#

G`sb" D/ T/;* Xhchs lho U`s|ahono {x @|aho/ Gnoghsomod |ah

U`s|ahono `| @|ahow/- [hm|wgasmf| fxs C`xthwho" Vnbxjhw 3 òl 7"

gnbnshl mbbxw|s`|mnow/ 0183" 0187/#

G/; Lmh \hi|nomi lhs Ahbbhoho/ \ah \hgaompxh nf |ah Ahbbh*

ohw-/ Chsbmo" 014</ #\hq|" 3 vnbxjhw mo noh9 `|b`w" <8 fnblmod ub`|hw

Csxoo; Lmh Cmblthsih lhw U`s|ahono/ \ah Umg|xshw nf |ah U`s|ahono/-

Usnghhlmodw nf |ah Sn}`b C`v`smò @g`lhj} nf Wgmhoghw/ Vnbxjh 3"

uu/ 7*85/ 014</

Cxssnt; \ah Hbdmo J`scbhw" tm|a ò `csmldhl amw|nsmg`b òl |nundsùamg`b`ggnxo| nf @|ahow/ Vnbxjh 0/ Bnolno" 0104/

Cx|bhs" A/ G/; @sgam|hg|xsh òl N|ahs @s|w/ Oht ]nsi/ Gho|xs} Gn/" 0=57/

U`s| MM nf |ah uxcbmg`|mnow nf ò @jhsmgò `sga`hnbndmg`b hquhlm|mno |n

W}sm` mo 01==*0=55/-*

Fnblmod ub`|hw/

+Gamumh{ ; Amw|nmsh Gsm|mpxh lhw Nsmdmohw h| lh b` Fnsj`|mno lhw Nslshw Dshgw/

Gsm|mg`b Amw|ns} nf |ah Nsmdmo òl Fnsj`|mno nf |ah Dshhi Nslhsw/-

U`smw/ Mbbxw|s`|hl/ @ w|òl`sl cx| s`|ahs `sga`hnbndmg`b Fshoga tnsi/

+Gngihshbb; \hjubhw `| Hdmo` òl C`wwnw" h|g/ Bnolno" 0165/

Ub`|hw/

Gnbbmdono; Jòx`b nf Dshhi @sgahnbnd} / \sòwb`|hl c} K/ A/ Tsmda|/

Bnolno/ 0116/ Mbbxw|s`|hl/ \ah Fmoh @s|w Bmcs`s}/- G`wwhbb/ 8

wambbmodw/

+Lxsj; Lmh C`xixow| lhs Dsmhgaho/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Dshhiw/-

L`sjw|`l|" 0110/ Ub`|hw/ Aòlcxga lhs @sgam|hi|xs/ U`s| 3" Vnb*

xjh 0/-*

Jò} dnnl mbbxw|s`|mnow/

Lxsx}; Lmh @isnunbmw vno @|aho/ \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow/- Jxomga"

01=8/

Hvòw òl F}fh; Jmolò U`b`gh nf Ionwwnw" Gsh|h/ Knxso`b" Sn}`b Mow|m*

|x|h Csm|mwa @sgam|hg|w/- 0=57/

F`xsh; Bh Gòno lhw Usnuns|mnow ho @sgam|hg|xsh Dshgpxh/ \ah B`t nf Usn*

uns|mnow mo Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/- \ah U`s|ahono" ns \hjubh nf Jmohsv`"

`| @|ahow/ U`smw" 01=8/

Ahx{h} òl L`xjn|; Jmwwmno @sgaghnbndmpxh lh b` J`ghlnmoh/ @sga`hnbndm*

g`b Jmwwmno nf J`ghlnom`/- U`smw" 0146/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/



CMCBMNDS@UA] 34=

Am||nsff òl [ò|a; @sgam|hg|xsh @o|mpxh lh b` Wmlbh/ @ogmho| @sgam|hg|xsh

nf Wmgmb}/- U`smw/ 0134>- <1 fnblmod ub`|hw/

Motnnl; Hshgabahmno/ \ah Hshga|ahxj/- Bnolno" 0170/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/

Inblhth} òl Uxgaw|hmo; Lmh Dsmhgamwgaho \hjuhb mo Xo|hsm|`bmho xol Wml*bmho/ \ah Dshhi \hjubhw mo Bnths M|`b} òl Wmgmb}/- Wantw ushwho|

gnolm|mno nf |hjubhw/

++B`bnxq; B$ @sgam|hg|xsh Dshgpxh/ Dshhi @sgam|hg|xsh/- U`smw" 0111/ Mb*

bxw|s`|hl/ @o hqghu|mno`b gnbbhg|mno nf Gb`wwmg lh|`mbw òl shw|ns`|mnow"

`bb ch`x|mfxbb} ls`to òl shusnlxghl/

++B`bnxq òl Jnogh`xq; Shw|`xs`|mno l$ Nb}jumg / Shw|ns`|mno nf Nb}j*

um`/- U`smw" 011=/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/ @on|ahs tnsi nf wmjmb`s ga`s`g|hs

|n |ah ushghlmod" òl nf `bjnw| hpx`b v`bxh/

B`csnxw|h; Whh @g`lhjmg/

Bh C`w; Vn}`dh @sgaghnbndmpxh ho Dshgh h| ho @wmh Jmohxsh 01<3*<<-/ @s*

ga`hnbndmg`b \s`vhbw mo Dshhgh òl @wm` Jmons/- U`smw" 0111/ Ub`|hw

Cmcbmn|ahpxh lhw Jnoxjho|w Fmdxshw Dshgw h| Snj`mow/ Cmcbmndsùa}$

nf |ah Dshhi òl Snjò Wgxbu|xshl Jnoxjho|w/-

J`doh; Bh U`s|ahono/ \ah U`s|ahono/- U`smw" 01=8/

Jmga`hbbw; Lhs U`s|ahono/ \ah U`s|ahono/- Bhmu{md" 0145/ \hq|" 0 vnb*

xjh9 fnblmod ub`|hw" 0 vnbxjh/

Jmllbh|no; Ubòw òl Ls`tmodw nf @|ahomò Cxmblmodw/ Hlm|hl c} H/ @/

D`slohs/ Bnolno" 0=55/ Wngmh|} fns |ah Usnjn|mno nf Ahbbhomg

W|xlmhw/- Gno|`mow ub`|hw nf @gsnunbmw òl Hshga|ahxj/

Jxss`}" @/ W/ ; Aòlcnni nf Dshhi @sgaghnbnd}/ Bnolno" 01=3/ Mbbxw|s`|hl

tm|a ub`|hw/

Oht|no òl Uxbbò; @ Amw|ns} nf Lmwgnvhsmhw `| A`bmg`so`wwxw" Gomlxw" òl

Csògamlgh/ Bnolno" 0163/ \hq|" 3 vnbxjhw9 `|b`w" 0 vnbxjh9 fnblmod

ub`|hw/

Njno| Hlm|ns- ; @|ahohw `x QVMMh Wmhgbh/ @|ahow mo |ah 04|a Gho|xs}/-

Lhwmdow nf |ah wgxbu|xshw nf |ah U`s|ahono/ U`smw" 01=1/

Uhooh|ansoh; \ah Dhnjh|s} òl Nu|mgw nf @ogmho| @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno"

0141/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/

Uhosnwh; @o Movhw|md`|mno nf |ah Usmogmubhw nf @|ahomò @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno"

0180/ Ub`|hw/ Wngmh|} nf Lmbh||ò|m/-

Uhssn| òl Gamumh{; Amw|nmsh lh V @s| lòw M$@o|mpxm|h/ Amw|ns} nf @ogmho|

@s|/- \sòwb`|mno/

Whss`lmf`bgn ; Bh @o|mgam|` lhbb` Wmgmbm`/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf Wmgmb}/- U`*

bhsjn" 017<*<3/ 8 vnbxjhw/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/ Want Dshhi gnbnsmod/-

Wngmh|} nf Lmbh||ò|m; @o|mpxm|mhw nf Mnom`/ Bnolno" 04=4/ < vnbxjhw/

Fnblmod ub`|hw/

Xohlm|hl @o|mpxm|mhw$ nf @||mg` //// Hbhxwmw" Sa`joxw" Wxomxj" òl

\ansmgxw/ Bnolno" 0104/ 41 ub`|hw/

Wngmh|} fns |ah Usnjn|mno nf Ahbbhomg W|xlmhw ; Uxcbmg`|mnow/

++W|x`s| òl Shvh||; @o|mpxm|mhw nf @|ahow/ Bnolno" 0463*0175/ 8 vnb*

xjhw" fnblmod ub`|hw/ @o nbl" w|òl`sl tnsi" tm|a jò} dnnl òl v`b*

x`cbh ub`|hw/

75=



315 CMCBMNDS@UA]

\hqmhs; @wmh Jmohxsh/ @wm` Jmons/- U`smw" 017=/ 7 vnbxjhw" 3<0 fnblmod

ub`|hw/

\sntcsmldh; \ah @gsnunbmw nf @|ahow" 0114/ \ah shwxb|w nf |ah b`|hw| hq*

ubns`|mnow nf |ah `sga`hnbndmg`b wgannbw nf @|ahow/ Oht ]nsi" 0114/

++T`||" K/ G/ ; Hq`jubhw nf Dshhi òl Unjuhmmò Lhgns`|mno/

Tmbimow ; @ o|mpxm|mhw nf J`do` Dsghgm`/

DSHHI UNB]GASNJH

Fhodhs; Lnsmwgah Unb}gasnjmh/ Lnsmg Unb}gsnjh/- Chsbmo" 0116/

F}fh; Lhgns`|mnow `| Ionwwnw/ Mo Knxso`b" Sn}`b Mow|m|x|h Csm|mwa @sgam*

|hg|w" vnbxjh 05" u`dh 054" ub`|hw 0*3/

Am||nsff; Shw|m|x|mno lx \hjubh l$ Hjuhlngbh & Whbmono|h9 nx B$@sgam|hg|xsh

Unb}gasnjh gah{ bhw Dshgw/ Shw|ns`|mno nf |ah \hjubh nf Hjuhlngbhw`| Whbmoxw9 ns |ah Unb}gasnjh @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Dshhiw/- U`smw" 0180/

\hq|" 0 vnbxjh9 `|b`w" 38 ub`|hw/

+Knohw" Ntho/ ; Ds`jj`s nf Nso`jho|/ Bnolno" 0186/ 7 vnbxjhw" fnblmod

ub`|hw/ @ thbb*ionto tnsi nf gnbnshl nso`jho| mo lmffhsho| w|}bhw òl

uhsmnlw/

B`x; Dshhi V`whw/

Shmo`ga; Vn}`dh @sgaghnbndmpxh/ @sga`hnbndmg`b \s`vhbw/-

[ào; Nso`jho|h/ Nso`jho|/- Ub`|hw/

CNNIW NO SNJ@O @SGAM\HG\XSH SHB@\MOD \N\AH NSLHSW

+@g`lhjmg lh b` Fsògh ` Snjh; B` C`wmbmpxh Xbumhooh/ \ah Xbumò C`*

wmbmg`/- B` Gnbnooh \s`kòoh \ah Gnbxjo nf \s`kò/- Snjh/ Bh

\hjubh lh J`sg*@xshbh/ \ah \hjubh nf J`sgxw @xshbmxw/- Bh \hjubh

lh Vhw|`/ \ah \hjubh nf Vhw|`/- \ahsjhw lh Lmngbh|mò/ \ahsj`h" ns

C`|aw" nf Lmngbh|mò/-

@l`j; Sxmow nf |ah U`b`gh nf Lmngbh|mò `| Wu`b`|sn/ Bnolno" 046</-

Fnblmod ub`|hw/

+Ganmw}; B$ @s| lh C`|ms gah{ bhw Snj`mow/ \ah @s| nf Cxmblmod `jnod |ah

Snjòw/- U`smw" 0147/ Fnblmod ub`|hw/

Lhwdnlh|{; Bhw Hlmfmghw @o|mpxhw lh Snjh/ \ah @ogmho| Cxmblmodw nf

Snjh/- Snjh" 0133" 01<7/ < vnbxjhw" 335 fnblmod ub`|hw/

+Lxsj; Lmh C`xixow| lhs Snjhs/ \ah @sgam|hg|xsh nf |ah Snjòw/-

L`sjw|`l|" 0118/ Ub`|hw/ Aòlcxga lhs @sgam|hi|xs" U`s| 3" vnbxjh

3/-

++l$Hwunx}; Fs`djho|w @o|mpxhw/ @ogmho| Fs`djho|w/-

Bògmòm; @ogmho| Snjh mo |ah Bmda| nf Shgho| Lmwgnvhsmhw/ Cnw|no" 0111/

Jmllbh|no" K/ A/ ; \ah Shj`mow nf @ogmho| Snjh/ Bnolno" 01=3/ 3 vnbxjhw"

mbbxw|s`|hl/

++U`bb`lmn; Nhxvshw Gnjubh|hw/ Gnjubh|h Tnsiw/- U`smw" 01<3/ 3 vnb*

xjhw" fnblmod ub`|hw/ \ah chw| nf |ah Sho`mwwògh tnsiw xuno |ah Gb`w*

wmg Nslhsw/

705



CMCBMNDS@UA] 310

+Umsòhwh; Tnsiw gno|`momod csmbbmò| hods`vmodw nf ògmho| `sgam|hg|xsh/-

U`smw" 0178*7=/ 3= vnbxjhw mo 34-" fnblmod ub`|hw/

+\`}bns òl Gshw}; \ah @sgam|hg|xs`b @o|mpxm|mhw nf Snjh Jh`wxshl òl Lh*

bmoh`|hl/ Bnolno" 0130*33/ 3 vnbxjhw" 03= fnblmod ub`|hw/

Vm|sxvmxw Unbbmn; Gmvmb @sgam|hg|xsh/ Bnolno" 0103/ Ub`|hw/ \ah nob}

Snjò tsm|hs no `sgam|hg|xs`b wxckhg|w tanwh tnsiw a`vh chho ush*

whsvhl/ \ah mbbxw|s`|mnow `bb l`|h fsnj |ah Sho`mwwògh nob}/ \ah

dsh`| `x|ansm|} no |ah Nslhsw" cx| nf jnsh amw|nsmg`b |aò us`g|mg`b v`bxh/

Tnnl; \ah Sxmow nf U`bj}s` òl C``bchg/ Bnolno" 0134/ Fnblmod ub`|hw

700



@ W|xl} mo Uho `ol Moi Sholhsmod/ Fns ` lmffhsho| |sh`|jho| nf |ah

w`jh cxmblmod whh u`dh 4<" U`s| VMM/



SHOLHSMOD MO UHO @OL MOI"

\n sholhs mo uho òl moi `

b`sdhòl mjuns|ò| ls`tmod mw

on wj`bb`ggnjubmwajho|/ Xwx*

`bb} }h`sw nf hquhsmhogh `sh ohg*

hww`s} chfnsh noh gò wxghww*

fxbb} xolhs|ìh wxga ls`tmodw/

Ont òl |aho ` w|xlho| mw |n ch

fnxol a`vmod |`bho| |n |ah hq*

|ho| |a`| |ah `||`mojho| nf |amw

wimbb whhjw ` vhs} h`w} j`||hs"

cx| modhohs`b |amw |`bho| mw gnj*

u`s`|mvhb} s`sh/ Omoh|}*fmvh

nx|

nf hvhs} axolshl a`vh `bnod

|`wi àh`l chfnsh wxgghww mw

unw*wmcbh/ \amw

lmffmgxb|}nf `||`mo*

jho|" anthvhs" jìhw |ah `g*

gnjubmwajho| `bb |ah jnsh v`b*

x`cbh/ On noh tnxblhquhg| |n

bh`so hods`vmod no tnnl mo ` fht csmhf bhwwnow" òl }h| mo uho òl

moisholhsmod lmffmgxb|mhw `sh |n ch jh| on| xobmih |anwh gnoohg|hl

tm|ahods`vmod/

Cx| |ahsh `sh jò} |amodw gnoghsomod uho òl moi tnsi

tamga gò chsh`lmb}

bh`sohl9 |ah} `sh tns|a |ah |snxcbh òl |ah

b`cns hquholhl" òl j`} usnvh xwhfxb/ @ gnowmlhs`|mno nf |ahwh

tmbb" mo ò} g`wh" mo|snlxgh |ah `s| òl whsvh `bwn `w ` dnnl fnxol`*

|mno fns fxs|ahs uxswxm| nf |ah wxckhg|mf lhwmshl/

M| mw |ah uxsunwh nf |amw uùhs |n whhi |ah jnw| jnlhw| nf

shwxb|w" tamga j`} ch wh| fns|a |axw" |ahsholhsmod nf ` wj`bb

cxmblmod`| ` wj`bb wg`bh mo |ah

vhs} wmjubhw| jòohs"tm|a fht

ns on `gghwwnsmhw/

Imol nf Ls`tmod/ \ahsh `sh |ashh t`}w mo tamga ` wih|ga

j`} ch sholhshl" vm{; tm|auho" uhogmb"

ns csxwa/ Uho sholhsmod

tmbb ch gnowmlhshl fmsw|" òl b`|hs `llm|mno`b on|hw tmbb ch j`lh `w

|nuhogmb tnsi/ Iholhsmod tm|a |ah csxwa mw òn|ahs bmoh nf tnsi"

707



SHOLHSMOD

cx| jxga |a`| j`} ch `lvmwhl moshd`sl |n uho sholhsmod tnxbl

`bwn ùub}|n csxwa tnsi/

J@\HSM@BW/

Uhow/ \ah |holhog} nf$ chdmoohsw mw |n xwh |nn fmoh ùho/

M| jxw| ch shjhjchshl |a`| jò} uho ls`tmodw `sh shusnlxg|mnow

jxga wj`bbhs |aò |ah nsmdmo`bw"òl

gnowhpxho|b} |ah bmohw ùuh`s

jxga fmohs |aò mo |ah ls`tmod m|whbf/ \ahsh `sh |tn uhow |a`| gò

ch shgnjjholhl" wanto ahshtm|a/ ]h`sw nf hquhsmhogh usnvh

|ahj |n chuhsfhg|b} w`|mwf`g|ns}/ Ngg`wmno`bb}

` fmohs

uho

mw

ohhlhl" wxga `w Dmbbn|| On/ 757/ \ah Hw|hscsnni On/ 0<" `b`sdhs

uho"mw

ohghww`s}mo jìmod |ah cb`gihs

uns|mnownf `

ls`tmod/\ah

Dmbbn|| <5< mw |n ch xwhl fnsdhohs`b

tnsi" mo |ah w`jh ls`tmod/Moi mw on| nf `w

HW\HHCSNNI C@OIUHO" ON/ 0</ jxga mjuns|ògh

`wuhow/ \ah v`*

DMBBN\\ ON/ <5</ smnx w ushu`shl

Molm` moiw ux| xumo cn||bhw `sh `bb |a`| gò ch lhwmshl/ \ah} `sh jnsh gnovhomho|

|aò moi |a`| jxw| ch sxcchl xu" òl |ah} a`vh |ah `lvò|`dh

nf `bt`}w chmod usnuhsb} cb`gi/ Wnjh nslmo`s} tsm|mod*moiw

whsvh |ah uxsunwh vhs} thbb mf shusnlxg|mno mw on| ò nckhg|" cx|

mf shusnlxg|mno mw lhwmshl" Molm` moi" chmod cb`gi" mwushfhsshl/

Uùhs/ \ah vhs} chw| wxsf`gh mw ` a`sl Csmw|nb cn`sl/ \ah

wnf|hs imolw nf Csmw|nb cn`slw wanxbl ch `vnmlhl" `w |ah} tmbb on|

w|òl hs`wxsh/ Jnw| nf |ah ls`tmod uùhsw ln vhs}thbb/ Ta`|*

jò$w an| ushwwhl uùhs mw vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns}/@o hqghbbho| ls`t*

mod wxsf`gh mw nc|`mohl c} jnxo|mod ` wjnn|a uùhs no g`slcn`sl"

|axwnc|`momod

` bhvhb wxsf`gh |a`| tmbb on| wusmod xu tm|a h`ga

ushwwxsh nf |ahuho/

\amw mw hpxmv`bho| |n ` Csmw|nb cn`sl/

Anthvhs" |ah wm{h nf Csmw|nb cn`sl mw bmjm|hl òl fshpxho|b} ls`t*

modwjxw| ch jxga

b`sdhs"mo tamga g`wh |ah jnxo|hl uùhs mw `

ohghwwm|}/

BMOH TNSI/

Px`bm|} nf Bmoh/ \nn jxga w|shww gòon| ch b`ml no |ah mj*

uns|ògh nf ` dnnl bmoh" anthvhsmowmdomfmgò|

m| j`} whhj/ G`sh

mo h`ga molmvmlx`b bmoh mw`cwnbx|hb} ohghww`s}

fns dnnl tnsi/ @ bmoh

70<



ANXWH @\ FS@JMODA@J" J@WW/" @W SHJNLHBHL FNS

G/ B@ VHSOH CX\BHS" HWP/

Fsòi Ganx|h`x Csnto" @sgam|hg|" Cnw|no" J`ww/

@b|hs`|mnow no |amw Ub`w|hs Anxwh Gnjubh|hl mo |ah Wusmod nf 0=56 `| ` Gnw| nf

,1"555/ \ìmod mo|n Gnowmlhs`|mno |ah Gaòdhw J`lh mo |ah Anxwh òl |ah TnsiUx| mo no Shu`msmod òl S`mwmod |ah Snnf" h|g// ò Ho|mshb} Oht Anxwh nf |amw

Wm{h Gnxbl ch Cxmb| fns Oh`sb} |amw Wxj*Ghs|`mob} tm|amo ,="555/ Fns Ubòw/ Whh

U`dh 770/



HHOLHHMOD

DNNL PX@BM\] NF BMOH/

|a`| mw w|mff òl a`sl" fhhcbh" wgs`|ga}ns csniho" tmbb on| ln/ Wxga

tnsi tmbb sxmo `

ls`tmod

|a`| mo n|ahs

shwuhg|w j`}ch hqghb*

bho|/ \ah `ggnjuò}mod mbbxw|s`|mno c} noh nf |ah w|xlho|w nf |ah

J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd} mw ò hq`jubh nf hqghbbho|

px`bm|}nf bmoh/ H`ga bmoh" hvho |n |ah vhs} wj`bbhw|" a`w ds`gh

òl

ch`x|}/ C} ` vhs} fht" |ah`cmbm|}

|n jìh wxga bmohw mwwuhhlmb}

`g*

pxmshl cx| c} ` fhtnob} n|ahsw j`} `||`mo m| c} g`shfxb

us`g|mgh/

Hvhs} bmoh nf ` ls`tmod |ah nx|bmoh nf |ah cxmblmodòl

h`ga bmoh nf |ahsholhsmod" hvho |n |ah vhs} wans|hw| jxw| ch lnoh

fhhbmodb}" ds`ghfxbb}" unwm|mvhb}/ Xwx`bb} `

wbmda|gxsvh mw `lvmw`cbh òl mf bnod bmohw `sh

xwhl" ` px`vhs ns |shjcbh `llw jxga |n |ah

shwxb|/ H`ga bmoh nf ` wa`lnt wanxbl a`vh

`wbmda| ushwwxsh

nf |ah uho `| |ah bnths

$hol/ \amw usnlxghw` l`si hldh mo |ah dsnxu nf bmohw |a`|

708



SHOLHSMOD

jìh |ah wa`lntw" dmvmodlhfmom|hohww |n |ah wa`lnt òl gno|s`w|

|n |ah tam|h bmda|chbnt m|/

Jh|anl/ \ah gnjcmo`|mno nf molmvmlx`b bmohw usnlxghw ta`|th j`} |hsj ` jh|anl/ \ah molmvmlx`b bmoh j`} ch dnnl cx|

|ah gnjcmomod j`} ch xofns|xo`|h/ Mo jìmod ` t`wa ls`tmodon |anxda| mw ohghww`s} gnoghsomod |ah lmshg|mno nf |ah t`wa" cx|

mo xwmod bmohw `| nogh |ah pxhs} `smwhw `w |n ta`| lmshg|mno |ah}

HQGHBBHO\ JH\ANL/

wa`bb |ìh/ @ jh|anl mw wnjh|amod noh jxw| dsnt mo|n fsnj `

wj`bb" wmjubh chdmoomod/ \ah `ggnjuò}mod mbbxw|s`|mno" |ah

tnsi nf òn|ahs J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd} w|xlho|" mw

ò hq`jubh nf s`sh wimbb mo jh|anl pxmgib} `gpxmshl/ \ahsh mw ò

x||hs `cwhogh nf ò}|amod smdmlns jhgaòmg`b mo |ah tanbh/ Nc*

whsvh antwnf|b}

|ah hldhw nf |ah ls`tmod jhsdh mo|n |ah tam|h nf

|ahuùhs/

\ahvmdns nf |ah ls`tmod mw d`|ahshl mo |ah lnsjhs

m|whbf/

706



HHOLHHMOD

Vhs|mg`b Bmohw/ \ah

wmjubhw| jh|anl mw nc*

|`mohl c} |ah xwh nf |ahvhs|mg`b bmoh/ Wnjh ls`t"

modwgò ch j`lh

ho|mshb}

c} |amw jhòw/ WhhFmd/

7" hvhs}bmoh nf tamga mw

vhs|mg`b/ \amw mbbxw|s`|hw

|ah v`bxh nf ` dnnl molm*

vmlx`b bmoh/ M| tmbb ch

ncwhsvhl |a`| `b|anxda vhs*

|mg`b" |ahwh bmohw `sh on|

whvhshb} w|s`mda|òl

w|mff"

|ah}|shjcbh ` bm||bh" ns

a`vh `wbmda| wxddhw|mno

nf ` gxsvh/ Mo |ah wa`l*

Fmd/ </

FHHH BMOH JH\ANL"

Fmd/ 7/

VHS\MG@B BMOH JH\ANL/

nt `| |ah cn||nj nf |ah

ls`tmod h`ga bmoh mw hj*

ua`wm{hl `| |ah |nu c} `

wbmda| ushwwxsh" òl j`lh

|amo `| |ah bnths hol mo

nslhs |n wnf|ho nff |ah

hldhw nf |ah ls`tmod `w `

tanbh/

Fshh Bmohw/ Fmd/<

wantw òn|ahs jh|anl/

\ah vhs|mg`b bmoh mw lmw*

g`slhl òl |ah fshhw|unw*

wmcbh bmoh mw xwhl/ On

noh lmshg|mno mw fnbbnthl"

cx| |ah bmohw dn mo ò}

ns `bb lmshg|mnow/ #Tbmmga

704



IHOLHIMOD

mw |ah ch||hs jh|anl > \ah òwths lnxc|bhww jxw| ch |a`| |ah fshh

jh|anl mw |ah bh`w| gnowumgxnxw/M| mw ch||hs `lù|hl fns

dhohs`b

xwh" mo |ah wantmod nf v`smnxw wxsf`ghw òl |hq|xshw/

V@SMNXW HQ@JUBHW NF C@L JH\ANLW/

Wans|" csniho bmoh" shwxb|mod mo

` wun||} hffhg|9 ` f`xb| gnjjno

tm|a chdmoohsw/ \ah tam|h wu`ghw

ch|thho |ah holw nf |ah bmohw `sh

vhs} gnowumgxnxw/

\ah nuunwm|h mo ga`s`g|hs |n @/

Bnod" xocsniho bmohw" cx| wn wh*

vhshb} w|s`mda| `w |n ch a`sl òl

ls} mo dhohs`b ùuh`sògh/

Wans| bmohw" molmvmlx`bb} |ah} Lmshg|mno nf bmoh on| c`l" cx| mw

j`} ch vhs} dnnl" `w |ah} gxsvh s`|ahs |nn gn`swh |n ch `dshh`cbh"

fshhb}" cx| |ah gnjcmo`|mno mw Tmlh wu`gmod nf bmohw no bmda| uns*

fxww} òl fmoomgi}/ |mnow `ll |n |ah gn`swh shwxb|/

\ahwh mbbxw|s`|h fnxs c`l jh|anlw/ @ a`w |ah bh`w| jhsm|" |ah

n|ahsw ùusn`ga |n ` f`mspx`bm|}/

Mo H ò hffns| mw j`lh |n `vnml

`bb |ah f`xb|w wanto mo |ah n|ahsw |ah wans| ns whvhshb} w|s`mda|

bmoh" |ah nvhs b`cns gnjcmo`|mno nf G" òl |ah gn`swh bmoh nf L/

BMDA\ @OL WA@LH/

V`bxhw/ Mf whvhs`b bmohw `sh ls`tou`s`bbhb

òl pxm|h gbnwh

|ndh|ahs"cx| on|

|nxgamod"`ds`}"

ns a`bf*|noh v`bxh mw |ah shwxb|/

701



SHOLHSMOD

Bmohw ls`to wn gbnwh|ndh|ahs

|a`| |ah moi nf noh sxow mo|n |a`| nf

|ah n|ahs" tm|a bm||bh ns on tam|hwu`gh ch|thho" dmvh

` cb`gi

v`bxh/ \ah tam|h nf |ah uùhs xo|nxgahl c} |ah uho dmvhw`

tam|h v`bxh/Fmd/

8 wantw nob} |tn v`bxhw cb`gi òl tam|h9

Fmd/6 `bwn a`w |tn" ds`}

òltam|h9 Fmd/

4 a`w |ah

|ashh" cb`gi" ds`} òl tam|h/

\ah fmsw| mw a`swa" |ah whgnol

mwu`bh"

òl |ah |amsl whhjw

jnw|w`|mwf`g|ns}/

\amw mw ` w`fh sxbh |n fnbbnt

dh| mo|n hvhs} uho ls`tmod"

cb`gi" ds`} òl tam|h/ Xwx*

`bb}" mo h`sb} `||hju|w" |ahsh

mw ` |holhog} |n njm| |ahcb`gi/CB@GI\OL TAM\H/

Bnni fns |ahub`gh

mo |ah

Fmd/ 6/

DS@] @OL TAM\H/

Fmd/ 4/

CB@GI" DS@] @OL TAM\H/

70=



05 IHOLHIMOD

ls`tmod tahsh }nx gò bng`|h |amw cb`gi9 }nx `sh on|bmihb}

|ndh|

|nn jxga nf m|/ Bh| |ah a`bf |noh ns ds`} ch s`|ahsbmda|"

jml*

t`} mo w|shod|a ch|thho tam|h òl cb`gi/ @ ah`v} a`bf |noh mw

Fmd/ 1/

NOH WMLH MO WA@LH/

` lòdhsnxw v`bxh/ \ah cb`gi j`} nf|ho ds`lh nff mo|n |ahds`}"

ns |ahsh j`} ch lmw|mog| fmhblw ns `sh`w nf h`ga v`bxh/

Bmda|mod/ \ah fmsw| |amod |n gnowmlhs mo |ahsholhsmod nf ò

`sgam|hg|xs`b wxckhg| mw |ah gannwmod nf |ah lmshg|mno nfbmda|/

Wnjh|mjhw taho |ahcxmblmod

mw |xsohl thbb |n |ah fsno|" wantmod

Fmd/

=/

@BB MO BMDA\/

` wa`su sh|xso nf |ah hol" m| j`} ch chw| |n ux| |a`| wmlh mo wa`lh/

Fmd/ 1" cx| m| mw on| ohghww`s}/ ]`bxhw j`} ch nc|`mohl c} n|ahs

jhòw wxga `w c} wa`lntw" ns gnbns nf j`|hsm`b/ M| mw on|

tmwh |n`||hju|

` ah`v} sholhsmod mo uho tnsi/ Xwx`bb} m| mw w`fhs



HHOLHSMOD 00

|n ihhu cn|a wmlhw nf |ahcxmblmod

mobmda|

`w wanto mo |tn nf |ahwh

wih|gahw" Fmdw/= òl 05/

Fmd/ 05/

@BB MO BMDA\ TM\A A@BF*\NOH V@BXH \N SNNF/

Gnbns nf A`|hsm`b/ Noh nf |ah jhòw c} tamga v`bxhw j`} ch

mo|snlxghl mo|n `sholhsmod"

mw c} gnowmlhsmod |ah gnbns nf |ah j`*

|hsm`b nf tamga|ah

cxmblmodmw gnow|sxg|hl/

Fmd/ 00/

A@BF*\NOH T@BBW/

Mo |amw hq`jubh" Fmd/ 00" th j`} fmsw| xwh |ah csmgi t`bbw `w

ùb`gh

|n bng`|h ` ds`}v`bxh/ Mo |ah whgnol hq`jubh" Fmd/ 03"

|ah snnf mw xwhl fns |ah w`jh v`bxh/ Fns |ah vhs}l`si ns cb`gi

v`bxh th jxw| lhuhol no |ah wa`lntw/ Ohm|ahs noh nf |ahwh ls`t*

730



03 SHOLHSMOD

modwmw tanbb} w`|mwf`g|ns}/

Mo |ah fmsw|" |ah snnf" òl mo |ah n|ahs"

|ah t`bbw" whhj |nn db`smodb}tam|h/ Fns |a`| sh`wno m| mw on|

`bt`}w chw| |n xwh|ah j`|hsm`b

gnbns wn csn`lb}/ \n dmvh gnbns |n

Fmd/ 03/

A@BF*\NOH SNNF/

Fmd/ 07/

@ GNJUSNJMWH/

cn|a t`bbw òl snnf tnxbl lhw|sn} |ah tam|h v`bxh" òl |ah tam|h

v`bxh jxw| on| ch bnw|/Fmd/

07 wantw ò`||hju| `| ` gnjusn*

jmwh/

Wa`lntw Nob}/ \ahwmjubhw| jhòw fns nc|`momod v`bxhw mw

733



SHOLHSMOD 07

c} |ah xwh nf wa`lntw/ Wnjh|mjhw |ah wa`lntw `bnoh tmbb gnj*

ubh|h` ls`tmod mo ` vhs} w`|mwf`g|ns} jòohs" `w mo

Fmd/0</

Wnjh nf |ah wa`lntwj`}

ch j`lhds`}"

òl n|ahsw cb`gi nsoh`sb}

wn" mo nslhs |ndh|

|ah ohhlhlv`smh|}

mo

v`bxhw/

@ cxmblmod bmih |a`| wanto moFmd/ 08"

\ah @blho Anxwh" mw on| f`vns`cbh |n

wa`lntwnob}/

M| a`w on unsga ns n|ahs

usnkhg|mno wxffmgmho|b} b`sdh|n g`w| `

w|snodwa`lnt/ Mo wxga ` g`wh ` bm||bh

`gghwwns} ahbuw noh nx| nf |ah lmffmgxb|}"

òl ` bm||bh sholhsmod nf |ah j`|hsm`b dmvhw

ohhlhl a`bf |noh/ N|ahstmwh |ah ls`t*

mod tnxbl ch |nn tam|h/

Usmogmu`bm|} ns @ggho|/ Th ont ho|hs

mo|n ` j`||hs nf gnjunwm|mno/ Noh wmj*

ubhsxbh tmbb ch dmvho òl |ahsh mw onoh

jnsh xwhfxb/ Bh| |ahsh ch nohub`gh

mo

|ah ls`tmod tahsh `w|snod `ggho| nf cb`gi wa`bb hqmw|/ M| j`} ch

noh cb`gi" ns m| j`} ch ` dsnxu nf |ahj/ \amw `ggho| tmbb ch

fnxol mo oh`sb} hvhs} mbbxw|s`|mno mo |amw uùhs/M| mw

xwx`bb}chw| |n

Fmd/ 0</

WA@LNTW NOB]/

Fmd/ 08/

dh||ah `ggho| mo |ah cxmblmod m|whbf" c} |ah `ml nf wnjh b`sdh

wa`l*

ntuhsaùw"

cx| taho |ahsh mw on gaògh fns |amw m| j`} ch ohghw*

w`s}|n

dh|m| mo ò `gghwwns}

wxga `wfnbm`dh/

\amw mw wanto

moFmd/ 06" ` ls`tmod nf ` c`so/ Mo gnoohg|mno tm|a |amw

cb`gi `ggho| bh| |ahsh ch ` b`sdh tam|h `sh` mfunwwmcbh/

@usmogm*



IHOLHIMOD 08

u`b tam|h" `w thbb `w ùsmogmu`b

cb`gi mw |axw nc|`mohl/ Jnw|

ls`tmodw uhsjm| |ah l`si `ggho| òl |ahbmda|

`sh` `bwn/

Fmd/ 04 mw sholhshl |n ` dsh`|hs hq|ho| |aò wanxbl ch `|*

|hju|hl c} |ah w|xlho| mo |amw gnxswh" cx| m| j`} chahbufxb |n

g`bb `||ho|mno |n wnjh |amodw mo m|wgnjunwm|mno/ /

Fmd/ 06/

\ah bng`|mno nf |ah l`si `ggho| mwùu`sho|

mo |ah |shhw `| |ah

bhf|/ \ah n|ahs cb`giw" |ah |shhw mo fsno| nf |ahcxmblmod òl

|anwh lnto `| |ah hq|shjhsmda|" wmjub} shuh`|

mo

lmjmomwamodfnsgh òl wm{h" |amw fmsw| l`si `ggho|/ \ahbmda|

`sh` nf |ah ls`t*

mod mw `wlmw|mog|b}

wanto `w |ah l`si `ggho|9 mo f`g| |amwb`sdh

bmda|mw |ah fh`|xsh nf |amw

sholhsmod/\ah

bmda|csmgi

sholhsmod

nf |ah d`cbhmw ohghww`s}

|n gnofmoh |ahbmda|

` bm||bh jnshwxshb}

|n |ah mjuns|ò| uns|mnonf |ah t`bb/ @bwn" mf |amw

bmda| sholhsmod

thsh njm||hl |ah cxmblmod tnxbl ùuh`s xoubh`wò|b} tam|h/

\ah a`bf |noh nf |ah snnf mwohghww`s}

|ndmvh

` wnf| gno|s`w|

|n |ah bmda| t`bb wxsf`gh/ \ah wi} a`w m|w xwh//

Gnvhs m| xu" òlwhh ant |ah tanbh wxckhg| wbxjuw lntot`sl/

B`w|" cx| on| bh`w|" ncwhsvh |a`| |ah gnsohsw nf |ah ls`tmod

`sh ihu| fshh fsnjsholhsmod/

\amw mw xwx`bb}w`fh/ Bh| |ah

sholhsmod nf hvhs} wns| d`|ahs `cnx| |ah gho|s`bnckhg|/

\ah gns*

ohsw nf ` ls`tmod j`v |aho ch bhf| |n |ìh g`sh nf |ahjwhbvhw/

UHOGMB TNSI/

@ uhogmb mw ` pxmgihs jhlmxj fns |ah sholhsmod nf ` wih|ga

|aò ùho/

@uhogmb

wih|ga j`} ch j`lhlmshg|b}

no ` wahh| nf

ls`tmod uùhs"òl gnjubh|hl no |a`| w`jh wahh|/ Cx| m| mw

oh`|hs |n fmsw| ls`t |ahuhswuhg|mvh

no wjnn|a tam|huùhs"

|aho

ub`gh@bc`

|s`gmod uùhs nvhs |amw nx|bmoh" òl |s`gh òl sholhs/

C} |amw jhòw `bb gnow|sxg|mno bmohw mo |ahb`}nx|

gò ch njm||hl"



06 IHOLHIMOD

òl |ah wxoo} hldh nfusnkhg|mnow

gò ch bhf| nx|" |axw `llmod

dsh`|b}|n |ah csmda|ohww

nf |ahls`tmod/

Xwh ` wnf| uhogmb fns sholhsmod" ` CC ns wnf|hs/ Mf |ah ls`t*

mod mw |n ch jxga aòlbhl" wus`} m| tm|a fmq`|mf/ \smj |ah wih|ga"

bmda|b}*dxj |ah gnsohsw" òlb`}

no tam|h g`sl tm|a dnnl j`sdmo/

$

WXJJ@S]/

\ah fnbbntmod wxjj`s} nf `lvmgh fns |ah sholhsmod nf tnsi

dhohs`bb}"tm|a uho ns

uhogmb j`} ch fnxolahbufxb/

0/ Gnowmlhs |ah lmshg|mno nf |ahbmda|/

3/ Lmwgnvhs mo |ah nx|bmoh chfnsh}nx$"

|ah nuuns|xom|} fns `

bh`lmodl`si `ggho|/

7/ Bnni nx| `bwn fns |ah bng`|mno gf `b`sdh bmda|

`sh`/

</ Ux| mo wa`lntw/

8/ Dh| `| bh`w| |ashh lmw|mog| v`bxhw9 cb`gi" ds`} òl tam|h/

6/ Gnowmlhs |ah gnbns nf snnf ns |ah t`bb" òl mfohghww`s}

xwh noh nf |ahj nsuns|mnow

nf h`ga fns ` ds`} v`bxh/

4/ Xwh `vhs}

fshh jh|anl/

1/ Ihhu sholhsmod nx| nf |ah gnsohsw nf |ahls`tmod/



I

v

T*7

U

sh

fg

_7

T2



WGANNB ANXWH+

@I |n m|w gnjunwm|mno" ` wgahjh mw ahsh xwhl |a`| mw vhs} fshpxho|b}

unwwmcbh òl `lvmw`cbh" m/ h/" |ah/ jìmod nf ` b`sdh bmda| hffhg| no |ah oh`s

uns|mno nf |ah cxmblmod on| ` wj`bb noh" cx| noh nf dnnl `sh`/ \ah gnbns

v`bxh nf |ah csmgi t`bb òl nf |ah snnf mw mdonshl mo nslhs |n dh| |amw b`sdh

bmda|/ M| mw nc|`mohl c} wmjub} sholhsmod |anxda|fxbb} `snxol m|/

@on|ahs m|hj mo |ah gnjunwm|mno mw |ah bh`lmod l`si v`bxh" mo |ah |shh"

shuh`|hl mo bhww mo|howm|} mo |ah lnnst`}w" tmolntw" wa`lntw" h|g/

On|h `bwn |a`| |ah tnsi mw snxolhl xu `dshh`cb}" kxw| honxda |n c`b*

ògh |ah v`bxhw/

@w |n |hgaompxh" w|smvh fns fshhlnj mo lmshg|mno òl |n `vnml ` a`sl bmoh}

shwxb|/ Tahshvhs unwwmcbh |ah wxoo} hldhw `sh on| ls`to mo c} ` bmoh" |ah

sholhsmod m|whbf usnlxgmod wxffmgmho| lhfmom|mno/ @d`mo" on|h |ah lmw|mog|

v`bxhw" cb`gi" ds`} òl tam|h/

+ \ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/



LHBCXS] GAXSGA+

@w hvhs shgnjjholhl" ` fshh fbntmod bmoh òl jh|anl `sh xwhl mo hvhs}

u`s| nf |ah ls`tmod/ No wxoo} hldhw whh cx||shwwhw- |ah bmoh mw njm||hl

ho|mshb}/ /

@w |n lmffhshogh mo v`bxhw" |ah cb`gi" ds`} òl tam|h `sh lmw|mog|b}

j`sihl/

Mo gnjunwm|mno" |ah b`sdh cb`gi nf |ah |shh mw |ah bh`lmod `ggho|" òl m|w

cb`gi mw shuh`|hl mo wj`bb `sh`w mo v`smnxw u`s|w nf |ah tnsi/

\ah wxckhg| `ffnslw `w thbb ` b`sdh bh`lmod bmda| no |ah wmlh nf |ah

|nths" shuh`|hl `bwn/

@d`mo òl |amw mw vhs} mjuns|ò|-" |ah gnsohsw nf |ah ls`tmod `sh bhf|

xo|nxgahl" tamga dmvhw ` pxmh| dsnxumod nf `bb |ah v`bxhw/

+ \ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/



am

Ko



@ W\XL] MO UHO *@OL MOI SHOLHSMOD

Fns gsm|mgmwj nf |amw ls`tmod* whh c`gi nf u`dh

o

s

`s|mgbbho|i>Ml#gn_sa_$oo mbbxw$ s

>"|mno

"

!

/

|ah Hodbmwa Mbbxw|s`|hl J`d`{moh`6W______#___af }Moi Gb`ww" J`ww`gaxwh||w Mow|m|x|h nf \hgaonbnd}

L/ @/ Dshdd" \h`gahs/



\AH CH@S @\ LHVM[HW

Usnc`cb} on ls`f|wjò bmvmod gò wxsu`ww Snchs| S`mb|no mo csmbbmò|

|hgaompxh" |ah fshh xwh nf bmoh" òl modhomnxw jh|anl/ Amw tnsi mw hwuhgm`bb}

`lù|hl |n `sgam|hg|xs`b mbbxw|s`|mno/

M| tmbb shu`} dnnl hffns| |n gnu} |amw tm|a g`sh/ \amw gnu} sh|`mow

jnw| gnjjhol`cb} |ah wumsm| nf |ah nsmdmo`b/ Ncwhsvh |ah `cwhogh nf uxshb}

w|s`mda| bmohw" òl |ah dsh`| fshhlnj xwhl mo `bb nx|bmohw/

\ah mbbxw|s`|mno shfhsshl |n tmbb ch fnxol no |ah c`gi nf |amw u`dh/



MO @UUBMG@\MNO NF UHO @OL MOI SHOLHSMOD \N \AH GNOVHO\MNO@B JH\ANL NF MOLMG@\MOD

U@\AW/ WASXCCHS]" \SHHW" \HSS@GHW/ H\G/" MO UB@O/

\amw mw xwx`bb} lnoh mo t`wahw



SHOLHSMOD

HQ@JMO@\MNO UB@\HW/

Chfnsh `||hju|mod |n sholhs |ah ls`tmodw mo moi" |ah w|xlho|

mw `lvmwhl |nus`g|mgh

cn|a tm|auhogmb

òl moi" `w wxgaus`g|mgh

tmbb usnvh ` dnnl movhw|jho| nf |mjh/

UB@\H M/

Mo nslhs |n dh| pxmgib} mo|n |ahus`g|mgh"

|ah w|xlho| tmbb ch

`wihl |n jìh ` gnu} nf |amwsholhsmod" Fmd/

@/ Ln on||s} |n

gnu} |nnhq`g|b}"

cx| xwh |ah w`jh fshhlnj/

Ncwhsvh |a`| |ah l`si `ggho| mw nc|`mohl c} |ah b`sdh wa`lnt. N

òl |ah hol nf |ah bnod wa`lnt kxw|nvhs m|/ \ah l`si sholhsmod

mo |ah tmolnt mw csnxda| mo|n |ah dsnxu `bwn/

A`vmod |axw fnsjhl |ah `ggho|" m| mw chw| |a`| |ah wa`lnt

xolhs |ah annl mo |ah snnf wanxbl ch j`lh s`|ahsbmda|"

bhw| m|

gnjh mo|n gnjuh|m|mno tm|a |ah unsga wa`lnt/ Mf |ah w|xlho|

ushfhswah j`} jìh m| ` |smfbh l`sihs |aò ahsh wanto/

@ bm||bh gbùcn`sl sholhsmod mw ux| mo no |ah bhf|" |n jìh

w|mbb jnsh hvmlho| |ah

b`sdh bmda|"

tamga nggxsw

j`mob}no |ah snnf

cx| `| |ah w`jh |mjh |ìhw mo n|ahs tam|hwu`ghw

`| |a`| hol nf |ah

ls`tmod/

UB@\H MM/

\amw wxckhg| mo|snlxghw ` snnfsholhsmod"

`bwn ` wmjubh |sh`|*

jho| nf tmolntw òl cbmolw/ Ahsh |ah snnf whsvhw `w ` a`bf*|noh

v`bxh/ \ah wa`lnt nf |ah h`vhw òl wnjh nf |ah cbmolw `sh |ah

cb`gi v`bxhw/ \ndh|

|ah l`si `ggho|" |ah oh`shw| cbmolw òl |ah

oh`suns|mno

nf |ah wa`lnt no |ah h`vhw `sh j`lh vhs} l`si/

\ah wa`lnt xolhs |ahunsga wantw ant

w`fhb}jxga nf |ah

lh|`mb nf |ah lnns m|whbf j`} ch njm||hl òl on| ch jmwwhl/ @ csn`l

|sh`|jho| mw ch||hs |aò `fxww} noh/ Ncwhsvh |a`| |ah snnf bmohw

`sh j`lh `w fshh `wunwwmcbh" `vnmlmod `

w|s`mda|" tms} bmoh/

@f|hs gnu}mod |amwub`|h nsmdmo`b

tnsi j`} ch `||hju|hl/

UB@\HW MMM @OL MV/

Jìh |ah wa`lntw nob} fns |ah fmsw|sholhsmod"

Ub`|h MMM" kxw|

`w wanto mo |amw v`bxh wgahjh" Fmd/G/ \aho jìh ` whgnol

ls`tmod nf |ah w`jh" Ub`|h MV" òldmvh

` a`bf |noh |n |ah fsno|

`sh` nf |ah snnf" òl |n |ah hol nf |ah snnf ` l`sihs v`bxh" `w

wanto mo wxddhw|mnomo xuuhs gnsohs/ Fmo`bb}

no |amw whgnol



!n



SHOLHSMOD

ls`tmod" ux| ` wj`bb `jnxo| nf sholhsmod no |ah t`bb `| |ah lmw|ò|

smda|"mo |ah w`jh jòohs `w no Ub`|h MM/ \amw tmbb

dmvh `b`sdh

tam|hbmda|

no |ah t`bbw oh`shw| |ah ncwhsvhs/ \ahbnod

wa`lntw

xolhs |ah h`vhw wanxbl ch l`sihw| `| |ah gnsohs oh`shw| |ah ncwhsvhs

fmol ds`lx`bb} bmda|ho xu `w m| ùusn`gahw hm|ahs hol/

Fmd/ G/ FNS UB@\HW MMM @OL/MV/-

UB@\H V/

Ux| mo |ah wa`lntw fmsw|/ Dh| |ah oh`shw| wa`lntw vhs} l`si9

|ahodmvh

` a`bf*|noh sholhsmod |n |ah tanbh nf |ah csmgi*t`bb wxs*

f`gh/ Ln on| moi mo |ah bmohw `| |ah hldhwnf |ah csmgi t`bbw/ Bh|

/7

Fmd/ L/ FNS UB@\H V/-

}nxs sholhsmodjìh |ah hldh

`w wanto mo Fmd/01/ @o nx|bmoh mo

wxga ùb`gh usnlxghw

` jhgaòmg`b bnnimod sholhsmod"`w mw whho mo

|ah mbbxw|s`|mno/ Nx|bmomodmw `cwnbx|hb} ohghww`s}

tahsh |ahsh

7<7



33 SHOLHSMOD

mw on sholhsmod"cx| mo gnoohg|mno tm|a m|" njm| |ah nx|bmoh" mf

unwwmcbh/

UB@\H VM/

\ah lnnst`} wa`lnt whbhg|w fns m|whbf |ah anons nf chmod |ah

bh`lmod `ggho|9 |ah wa`lntw `| bhf| òlsmda| wmjub} shuh`|

m| mo `

wj`bb t`}/ \ah snnf `ffnslw ònuuns|xom|} fns a`bf*|noh/ \ah

Fmd/ H/ FnS UB@\H VM/-

ds`ww" tamga j`} ch sholhshl `w mbbxw|s`|hl mo |ah |tnushghlmod

hq`jubhw" dmvhw

`bwn ò `llm|mno`b a`bf*|noh v`bxh/ \n sh|`mo ns

usnlxgh `b`sdh bmda| `sh`" |ah w|noh knmo|mod

wanxbl ch njm||hl no

|ah xuuhs uns|mnonf |ah t`bb" `w molmg`|hl mo |ah wgahjh/ \ah

snnf j`} ch sholhshl mo ` fshh bmoh jh|anl" `w wanto mo |ah wih|ga/

Tm|a ` dnnl px`bm|}nf bmoh" òl ` fshh" vmdnsnxw jh|anl" |amw ls`t*

mod tmbb ch ` csmbbmò| noh" `w m|w gnjunwm|mnonf v`bxhw mw f`vns`cbh/

7<<



3< SHOLHSMOD

\amw holw |ahus`g|mgh/ Nob} ` chdmoomod a`w chho j`lh mo

|ah tnsi ` fnxol`|mno b`ml" cx| m| mw ` w`fh noh/ Ta`| a`w chho

Fmd/ 01/

|`xda| tmbb ch `ahbu |n ` fxs|ahs

uxswxm| nf |ahwxckhg| wanxbl

|ah w|xlho| fhhb |a`| ah a`wlhvhbnuhl wxffmgmho| |`bho| |n hognxs`dh

fxs|ahsw|xl}/

Wxddhw|mno fns |sh`|jho| nf anxwh wantmod snnf mo bmda| tm|a

a`x*|n`|k v`bxh |n t`bb`"



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

MO\SNLXG\NS]

\ah W|òl`sl W|hhb Wpx`sh a`w ` cb`lh 3< mogahw bnod òl 3

mogahw tmlh" òl ` |nodxh fsnj 0< |n 01 mogahw bnod òl 0r mogahw tmlh/

\ah cb`lh mw `| smda| òdbhw |n |ah |nodxh/

\ahf`gh

nf |ah

wpx`sh

mw wanto mo

Fmd/

0/ M| mw

`bt`}w w|`juhltm|a |ah jòxf`g|xshs$w o`jh òl oxjchs/

\ah shvhswh mw |ah c`gi whh Fmd/ 3-/

\ah bnodhs `sj mw |ah cb`lh9 |ah wans|hs" `sj" |ah |nodxh/

Mo |ah gho|hs nf |ah |nodxh" no |ah f`gh wmlh" tmbb ch fnxol |tn

u`s`bbhb bmohw lmvmlhl mo|n wu`ghw whh Fmd/ 0-9 |amw mw |ah ng|`dno wg`bh/

\ah wu`ghw tmbb ch fnxol oxjchshl 05" 35" 75" <5" 85" 65" òl 45"

taho |ah |nodxh mw 01 mogahw bnod/

\n ls`t ò ng|`dno nf 1 mogahw wpx`sh" ls`t ` wpx`sh 1 mogahw

h`ga t`}" òl ls`t ` uhsuholmgxb`s òl ` ansm{no|`b bmoh |asnxda

m|w gho|hs/

\n fmol |ah bhod|a nf |ah ng|`dno wmlh" ub`gh noh unmo| nf ` gnj*

u`ww no ò} nf |ah j`mo lmvmwmnow nf |ah wg`bh" òl |ah n|ahs unmo| nf

|ah gnju`ww no |ah hmda|a wxclmvmwmno9|aho w|hu |amw bhod|a nff no h`ga

wmlh nf |ah gho|hs bmohw no |ah wmlh nf |ah wpx`sh" tamga tmbb dmvh |ah

unmo|wfsnj tamga |n ls`t |ah ng|`dno bmohw/

\ah lm`jh|hs nf |ah ng|`dno jxw| hpx`b mo mogahw |ah oxjchs nf

wu`ghw |ìho fsnj |ah wpx`sh/

No |ah nuunwm|h wmlh nf |ah |nodxh" mo |ah gho|hs" tmbb ch fnxol

|ah cs`gh sxbh whh Fmd/ 7-/ \ah fs`g|mnow lhon|h |ah smwh òl sxo nf

|ah cs`gh" òl |ah lhgmj`bw |ah bhod|a/ Fns hq`jubh" ` cs`gh nf 76

mogahw sxo òl 76 mogahw smwh" tmbb a`vh ` bhod|a nf 85/=0 mogahw9 `

cs`gh nf <3 mogahw sxo òl <3 mogahw smwh" tmbb a`vh ` bhod|a nf 8=/<5

mogahw9h|g/

No |ah c`gi nf |ah cb`lh Fmd/ <- tmbb ch fnxol |ah cn`sl jh`wxsh"

tahsh hmda| u`s`bbhbbmohw sxoomod `bnod |ah bhod|a nf |ah cb`lh `sh

wanto òl lmvmlhl `| hvhs} moga c} gsnww*bmohw/ Xolhs 03" no |ah

nx|hs hldh nf |ah cb`lh" tmbb ch fnxol |ah v`smnxw bhod|aw nf |ah cn`slw"

`w 1" =" 05" 00" 03" h|g/ Fns hq`jubh" |ìh ` cn`sl 0< fhh| bnod òl =



H\gRm

H* 3

mo M

\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

nn



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

* | w 50 *

: 5

N ^

!BK n*m

M @Hf _s | *: 5- 3 s

25 5 ~:

55_

550ms> N=

NW W1 041

10 N=mR m 80 m



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Umd/ 8/ Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs òl Wmlh nf

Uho|`dno/

mogahw tmlh/ \n

fmol |ah gno|ho|w"

bnni xolhs 03" òlfmol 0<9 |aho fnb*

bnt |amw wu`gh `bnod

|n |ah gsnww*bmoh xo*

lhs =" |ah tml|a nf

|ah cn`sl9òl ahsh

mw fnxol 05 fhh| 6

mogahw" lhon|mod

|ah gno|ho|w nf `

cn`sl 0< fhh| bnod

òl = mogahw tmlh/

\n Fmol |ah Jm:

|hs òl Bhod|a nf

Wmlh fns ò} Unb}:

dno" tm|a |ah W|hhb

Wpx`sh/ Mo Fmd/ 8mw wanto ` uho|`dno fmdxsh/ \ah/ jm|hsw nf |ah uho|`dno w|òl `|

43 lhdshhw tm|a h`ga n|ahs" òl `sh fnxol c} lmvmlmod 765 c} 8" |ah

oxjchs nf wmlhw mo |ah uho|`dno/ Cx| |ah òdbh taho ùubmhl |n |ah

wpx`sh |n nc|`mo |ah jm|hs" mw nob} noh*a`bf nf 43" ns 76

lhdshhw" òl mo|hswhg|w |ah cb`lh `| Wf f"`w wanto mo

Fmd/ 8/

C} wpx`smod xu fsnj 6 no |ah |nodxh" mo|hswhg|mod

|ah lhdshh bmoh `| `" |ah

gho|hs ` mw lh|hsjmohl

hm|ahs fns |ah mowgsmchl

ns |ah gmsgxjwgsmchl lm*

`jh|hs" |ah s`lmm chmod

` 6 òl ` g" shwuhg*

|mvhb}/

\ah bhod|a nf |ah

wmlhw tmbb ch 1rf mogahw

|n |ah fnn|/

Mf |ah bhod|a nf |ah

mowgsmchl lm`jh|hs ch 1

fhh|" |aho |ah wmlhw tnxbl

M M M MM M M M M M M M M M

W37 "$onVmnn7~3#

# *bmhw/Fmd/ 6/ Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs òl Wmlh nf

Ahq`dno/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

\ah fmdxshw |n xwh fns n|ahs unb}dnow `sh `w fnbbntw;

\smòdbh 35 0r

Wpx`sh03

Ahq`dno 4

Ono`dno <r

Lhg`dno 7r

Mo Fmd/ 6 |ah w`jh usnghww mw xwhl mofmolmod |ah

jm|hs òl wmlh nf |ah ahq`dno unb}dno/

\n fmol |ah lhdshh bmoh" 765 mw lmvmlhl c} 6" |ah oxj*

chs nf wmlhw" `w fnbbntw ;

765 *:* 6 : 659 òl

65 *:* 3 * 75 lhdshhw/

Ont" fsnj 03 no

|nodxh" ls`t ` bmoh

jìmod ò òdbh nf 75

lhdshhw tm|a |ah |nodxh/

M| tmbb gx| |ah cb`lh mo

4 `w wanto9 òl fsnj 4

|n j" |ah ahhb nf |ah

wpx`sh" tmbb ch |ah bhod|a

nf |ah wmlh/ Fsnj 6 no

|nodxh" hshg| ` bmoh |n

gx| |ah lhdshh bmoh mo g9 òl tm|a g `w gho|hs" lhwgsmch ` gmsgbh a`vmod

|ah s`lmxw nf g 49 òl `snxol |ah gmsgbh" gnjubh|h |ah ahq`dno c}

|ìmod |ah bhod|a 4 j tm|a |ah gnju`ww fns h`ga wmlh" `w wanto/

Mo Fmd/ 4 |ah w`jh usnghww mw wanto ùubmhl |n |ah ng|`dno/ \ahlhdshh bmoh mo `bb |ah unb}dnow mw fnxol c} lmvmlmod 765 c} |ah oxjchs

nf wmlhw mo |ah fmdxsh ;

765 _ 1 : <89 òl <8 ) 3 : 33( lhdshhw/

\amw dmvhw |ah lhdshh bmoh fns |ah ng|`dno/ Gnjubh|h |ah usnghww `w

t`w lhwgsmchl fns |ah n|ahs unb}dnow/

C} xwmod |ah fnbbntmod fmdxshw fns |ah v`smnxw unb}dnow" |ah jm|hs

bmohw j`} ch fnxol9cx| mo |ahwh fmdxshw on `ggnxo| mw |ìho" nf |ah

shb`|mvh wm{h nf wmlhw |n |ah fnn| `w mo |ah fmdxshw ushghlmod;

\smòdbh 4 mo/ òl < mo/

Uho|`dno 00# #

1#

Ahq`dno <# #4#

Ahu|`dno 03# #

6#

Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs òl Wmlhnf Ng|`dno/



6 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Ng|`dno 04 mo/ òl 4 mo/

Ono`dno 33_# #

=#

Lhg`dno=

# #7#

\ah jm|hs mw |n ch ls`to `bnod |ah bmoh nf |ah fmsw| gnbxjo" `w wanto

fns |ah |smòdbh mo

Fmd/ 1" òl fns |ah

ahq`dno mo Fmd/ =/

MoFmd/ 05 mw

wanto ` lm`ds`j

fns fmolmod lhdshhw

no |ah wpx`sh/ Fns

hq`jubh" mf ` um|ga

nf 78 lhdshhw mw sh*

pxmshl" xwh 17! no

|nodxh òl 03 no

cb`lh9mf <8 lhdshhw"

Fmd/ 1/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs nf Hpxmb`|hs`b\smòdbh/

xwh

òl

h|g/

03 no

03

|nodxh

no cb`lh9

Mo Fmd/ 0 0 mw wanto |ah shb`|mvh bhod|a nf sxo fns ` s`f|hs òl `

amu" |ah s`f|hs chmod 03 mogahw òl |ah amu 04 mogahw/ \ah sh`wno" `w

wanto mo |amw lm`ds`j" ta} 04 mw

|ìho fns |ah sxo nf |ah amu" mo*

w|h`l nf 03 `w fns |ah gnjjno

s`f|hs" mw |a`| |ah wh`|w nf |ah gnj*

jno s`f|hs òl amu ln on| sxo

u`s`bbhb tm|a h`ga n|ahs" cx| lm*

vhsdh mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga `| ò

òdbh nf <8 lhdshhw9 |ahshfnsh" 04

mogahw |ìho no |ah sxo nf |ah amu

mw hpx`b |n nob} 03 mogahw taho

|ìho no |a`| nf |ah gnjjno

s`f|hs" `w wanto c} |ah ln||hl

bmoh fsnj ahhb |n ahhb nf |ah |tn

wpx`shw mo Fmd/ 00/

Mo Fmd/ 03 mw wanto ant

n|ahs fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh j`} ch

fnxol fns gnsohsw |a`| lhvm`|h fsnj |ah <8 lhdshhw/ M| mw wanto |a`|

Fmd/ =/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Fmol Jm|hs nf

Ahq`dno/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

fns ` uho|`dno" tamga jìhw ` 76*lhdshh òdbh tm|a |ah ub`|h" |ah

fmdxsh |n ch xwhl

no |ah

wpx`sh

fns Y

sxo mw 0<f mogahw9~

fns ` ahq`dno" s

tamga jìhw

75*lhdshh òdbh*

tm|a |ah ub`|h"B

|ah fmdxsh tmbb ch

07r mogahw9 òl

fns ò ng|`dno"

tamga jìhw ò

òdbh nf 33 lh*

dshhw tm|a |ah

ub`|h"|ah fmdxsh

|n xwh no |ah

wpx`sh fns sxo

nf amu |n gnssh*

wunol |n |ah sxo

nf |ah gnjjno

s`f|hsw" tmbb ch 07 mogahw/

Fmd/ 05/ Lm`ds`j fns Fmolmod Um|gahw nf V`smnxw Lhdshhwc} Jhòw nf |ah W|hhb Wpx`sh/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ah ahmda| mo h`ga

g`wh mw = mogahw/

Fmd/ 07 mbbxw|s`|hw `

jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah

shb`|mvh ahmda| nf ` amu

ns v`bbh} uhs fnn| sxo |n

|a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f*

|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mw wanto

ub`ghl tm|a 03 no cb`lh

òl = no |nodxh fns |ah

gnjjno s`f|hs9 òl

wantw |a`| fns |ah amu |ah

smwh mw nob} 6\6\ mogahw/

\ah W|hhb Wpx`sh `w

@uubmhl mo Snnf Fs`j*

mod/ Snnf fs`jmod `|

ushwho| mw `w wmjubh `w m|

unwwmcb}gò ch" wn |a`| ò} `||hju| `| ` oht jh|anl tnxbl ch wxuhs*

Fmd/ 0 0 / Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n Lh|hsjmoh Shb`|mvh

Bhod|a nf Sxo fns S`f|hs òl Amu/



1 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

fbxnxw/ \ahsh j`}" anthvhs" ch ` ghs|`mo t`} nf ushwho|mod |ah wxc*

khg||a`| tmbb g`ss} tm|a m| `bjnw| |ah thmda| `wwmdohl |n ` oht |ahns}"

jìmod ta`| mw `bsh`l} wmjubh w|mbb jnsh wmjubh/

\ah w|hhb wpx`sh mw ` jmda|} f`g|ns mo snnf fs`jmod" òl tm|anx|

lnxc| |ah dsh`|hw| |nnb mo us`g|mg`b un|hog} |a`| hvhs t`w movho|hl

Fmd/ 03/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Lh|hsjmoh Bhod|a nf Sxo fns S`f|hsw no GnsohswN|ahs |aò <8/

fns |ahg`suho|hs/

Tm|a m|w xwh |ahbhod|aw

òl chvhbw nfhvhs} umhgh

nf |mjchs |a`| dnhw mo|n |ah gnow|sxg|mno nf |ah jnw| mo|smg`|h lhwmdo

nf snnf" gò h`wmb} ch nc|`mohl" òl |a`| tm|a cx| vhs} bm||bh iontbhldh

nf bmohw/

Mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga" `w mbbxw|s`|hl mo Fmd/ 0<" |ah w|hhb wpx`sh

mw `bb |a`| mw shpxmshl mf noh usnuhsb} xolhsw|òlw ant |n aòlbh m|/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Ta`| mw jhò| c} ùm|ga nf ` snnf" mw |ah oxjchs nf mogahw m|

smwhw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/

\o Fmd/ 08 mw wanto |ah w|hhb wpx`sh tm|a fmdxshw shushwho|mod

Fmd/ 07/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Shb`|mvh Ahmda| nf Amu ns V`bbh}uhs Fnn| nf Sxo|n |a`| nf Gnjjno S`f|hs/

|ah v`smnxwum|gahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Fns |ah r*um|ga snnf" |ah fmdxshw

`w wanto" fsnj 03 no |nodxh |n 03 no cb`lh" `sh |anwh |n ch xwhl no

|ah w|hhb wpx`sh fns |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 òl fns f um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n

ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 03 òl =" `w wanto/

Fmd/ 0</ Lm`ds`j |n Mbbxw|s`|h Xwh nf W|hhb Wpx`sh mo B`}mod Nx| \mjchswnf Snnfw nf Hpx`b Um|ga/

\n xolhsw|òl |amw# fmdxsh" m| mw ohghww`s} nob} |n ihhu mo jmol

|a`| |ah um|ga nf ` snnf mw shginohl fsnj |ah wuò/ Wmogh |ah sxo mo h`ga

um|ga `w wanto mw 03 mogahw" |ah wuò mw |tn |mjhw 03 mogahw" tamga



mo \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

hpx`bw 3< mogahw9 ahogh" 03 no cb`lh |n shushwho| |ah fnn| sxo" òl 03

no |nodxh |n shushwho||ah smwh nvhs _ |ah wuò" tmbb ch |ah fmdxshw no

|ah wpx`sh fns ` _*um|ga snnf/

Fns |ah f um|ga" |ah fmdxshw `sh wanto |n ch 03 no |nodxh òl =

no cb`lh" = chmod f nf |ah wuò" 3< mogahw/

\ah w`jh sxbh ùubmhw |n `bb |ah um|gahw/ \ah _ um|ga mw wanto

|n smwh < mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" chg`xwh < mogahw mw _ nf |ah wuò" 3<

mogahw" |ah _ um|ga mw wanto |n smwh 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" chg`xwh

1 mogahw mw _ nf |ah wuò" 3< mogahw9 h|g/

\ah snnf shfhsshl |n mo Fmdw/ 06 òl 04 mw |n

smwh = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nfLxo9 m| mw |ahshfnsh `

f*um|gasnnf/ Fns `bb |ah gnjjno s`f|hsw" |ah

fmd*

xshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 03 no cb`lh

|n shushwho||ah sxo" òl = no |nodxh |n shushwho|

|ah smwh |n |ah fnn| nf sxo9 òl fns `bb |ah amuw

òl v`bbh}w"04 no cb`lh |n shushwho| |ah sxo" òl

= no |nodxh |n shushwho| |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah

fnn| nf sxo/

Ta} 04 shushwho|w |ah sxo fns `bb |ah amuw

òl v`bbh}w"tmbb ch xolhsw|nnl c} hq`jmomod

Fmd/ 0=" mo tamga 04 mw wanto |n ch |ah lm`d*

no`b nf ` fnn| wpx`sh/

Mo hpx`b*um|ga snnfw |ah

gnsohsw `sh wpx`sh" òl |ah

ubò nf |ah amu ns v`bbh} tmbb

`bt`}w ch ` lm`dno`b nf `

wpx`sh gnsohs `w wanto `| 0" 3"

7" òl 8 mo Fmd/ 0</

Mo Fmd/01

`sh wanto _ r Y_

um|ga" um|ga

òl um|ga nvhs

`

wpx`sh

gnsohs/

\ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh fns |ah amu9 tmbb ch 04 fns

sxo mo h`ga g`wh/ Fns |ah _ um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl tnxbl ch

04 mogahw sxo òl < mogahw smwh" |n gnsshwunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxo

òl < mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Fns |ah f um|ga"|ah fmdxshw

|n ch xwhl fns amu tnxbl ch 04 mogahw sxo òl = mogahw smwh" |n gnssh*

M b M |bN 0= 01 04 06 08 A 07 R3 bb

$

3 Um|ga

Fmd/ 08/ W|hhb Wpx`sh Dmvmod V`smnxw Um|gahw |n Fnn| nf Sxo/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH MM

wunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxo òl = mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9

òl fns |ah _ um|ga" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 04

mogahw sxo òl 03 mogahw smwh" |n gnsshwunol tm|a |ah 03 mogahw sxoòl 03 mogahw smwh nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl fsnj `cnvh" |a`| mo `bb g`whw tahsh |ah ubò

nf |ah amu ns v`bbh} mw ` lm`dno`b nf ` wpx`sh" |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no

mwf|/ 6m\]

Ubxjc Gx|

Fmd/ 06/ Jh|anl nf B`}mod Nx| Gnjjno S`f|hsw nf ` (*Um|ga Snnf/

|ah wpx`sh fns sxo tmbb ch 04 mogahw9 òl fns |ah smwh" ta`|hvhs |ah snnf

smwhw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ M| wanxbl `bwn ch shjhjchshl |a`| |amw mw |ah

Gnolm|mno mo `bb snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga"tahsh |ah òdbh nf |ah amu ns

v`bbh} mw ` <8*lhdshh òdbh" ns" mo n|ahs tnslw" tahsh th a`vh |ah

lm`dno`b nf ` wpx`sh/

M| a`w chho wanto mo Fmd/ 03 ant n|ahs fmdxshw fns n|ahs ubò

òdbhw j`} ch fnxol9òl |a`| mo h`ga g`wh |ah fmdxshw fns sxo v`s}

Ahhb gx| nf amu

R R

R

Fmd/ 04/

\nu gx| fns 07 f|/sxo nf amu

Jh|anlnf

B`}modNx|

Amuwòl

V`bbh}w

nf ` (*Um|ga Snnf/

`ggnslmod |n |ah ubò òdbh nf |ah amu ns v`bbh}" tambh |ah fmdxshfns |ah

ahmda| mo h`ga g`wh mw wmjmb`s/

Mo Fmd/0< `sh wanto ` v`smh|}

nf sxow fns gnjjno s`f|hsw" cx|

`bb a`vh |ah w`jh um|ga9 |ah} smwh = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ \ah j`mo



03 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Sxo nf GnjS`f|hs

Dsnxol Bmoh

Um|ga

snnf mw wanto |n a`vh ` wuò nf 34 fhh|" tamga jìhw |ah sxo nf |ah

gnjjno s`f|hs 07 fhh| 6 mogahw/ \ah sxo nf |ah fsno| tmod mw wanto

|nch

05 fhh| <mogahw9 òl

|ah sxo nf|ah wj`bb d`cbh `| |ah bhf| gnsohs

nf |ah fsno|" mw wanto |n ch 1 fhh|/

\ah lmvhswm|} hqamcm|hl mo |ah sxow" òlhwuhgm`bb} |ah fs`g|mno`b

u`s| nf ` fnn| wanto mo |tn nf |ahj" tmbb `ffnsl ònuuns|xom|} |n |sh`|

nf |ah j`mo lmffmgxb|mhw mo b`}mod nx| snnf |mjchsw mo snnfw nf hpx`b

um|ga/ Bh| m| ch lh|hsjmohl |n a`vh ` smwh nf = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf

sxo9 òl mo |amw gnoohg*

|mno m| j`} ch thbb |n sh*

jhjchs |a`| |ah usnuns*

|mno`b smwh |n |ah fnn| sxo

fns snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga

jìhw on| |ah bh`w| lmf*

fhshogh mo |ah jh|anl nf

|sh`|jho|/

\nb`} nx| |ah gnjjno

s`f|hsw fns |ah j`mo snnf"

tamga a`w ` sxo nf 07 fhh|

6 mogahw"usnghhl `w wanto"

mo Fmd/ 06/

\ìh 03 no |ah cb`lh

òl = no |ah |nodxh" òl

w|hu 07 |mjhw `bnod |ah

s`f|hs |mjchs/ \amw tmbb

dmvh |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs

fns 07 fhh| nf sxo/ Mo

#|amw hq`jubh" anthvhs"

|ahsh mw òn|ahs 6 mogahw

nf sxo |n gnvhs/ Fns |amw `llm|mno`b bhod|a" |ìh 6 mogahw no |ah cb`lh

m| chmod R ` fnn| sxo- fns sxo" òl |ìh R nf = no |ah |nodxh tamga mw

<r mogahw-" òl w|hu noh |mjh/ \amw" mo `llm|mno |n ta`| a`w `bsh`l}

chho fnxol c} w|huumod 07 |mjhw tm|a 03 òl =" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a

nf |ah s`f|hs/

\ah wpx`sh tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb

òl ubxjc gx|w/

@on|ahs jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns |ah 6 mogahw

mw wanto mo Fmd/ 06" tahsh |ah wpx`sh mw wanto ùubmhl |n |ah s`f|hs

Jh|anl nf B`}mod Nx| Amuw òl S`f|hsw fns

Um|gahw nvhs Wpx`sh Gnsohs/Fmd/ 01/

Snnfw nf V`smnxw



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 07

|mjchs fns |ah ubxjc gx|/ Wpx`sh On/ 0 mw wanto ùubmhl tm|a 03 no

cb`lh òl = no |nodxh fns |ah bhod|a nf |ah 07 fhh|/ Wpx`sh fsnj |amw

gx|" jh`wxsh 6 mogahw" |ah `llm|mno`b mogahw mo |ahsxo9

òl |n |amw

unmo| jnvh |ah wpx`sh" anblmod m| no |ah wmlh nf |ah s`f|hs |mjchs

tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh" `w fns ` fxbb fnn| sxo/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |amw jh|anl mwh`wmb} `lù|hl |n fmol ò}

fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mo |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hsw/

Mo |ah fsno| d`cbh" Fmd/ 0<" |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mw < mogahw

|n ch `llhl |n 05 fhh| $nf sxo9 |ahshfnsh" mo |a`| g`wh" |ah bmoh wanto

jh`wxshl |n 6 mogahw mo Fmd/ 06 tnxbl jh`wxsh nob} < mogahw fns |ah

fsno| d`cbh/

Ahhb Gx| nf Gnjjno S`f|hs/ Mo Fmd/ 06 mw `bwn wanto ` jh|anl

|n b`} nx| |ah ahhb gx| nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mw wanto

ùubmhl tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh9 òl fsnj tahsh |ah 03 no

|ah wpx`sh mo|hswhg|w |ah hldh nf |ah s`f|hs |mjchs" ` bmoh mw ls`to

wpx`sh |n |ah cb`lh `w wanto c} |ah ln||hl bmoh fsnj 03 |n `/ \aho

|ah |amgiohww nf |ah u`s| nf |ah s`f|hs |a`| mw |n usnkhg| ch}nol |ah

ub`|h|n anbl |ah gnsomgh" mw d`xdhl |n mo|hswhg| |ah ln||hl bmoh `| `9

òl fsnj `" |ah ahhb gx| mw ls`to tm|a |ah wpx`sh a`vmod 03 no cb`lh

òl = no |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh fns |ah gx|/

\ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns |ah fsno| tmod" tamga mw wanto |n a`vh

` sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw" mw b`ml nx|ushgmwhb} |ah w`jh" hqghu| |a`|

fns |amw s`f|hs |ah wpx`sh tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh tmbb a`vh

|n ch w|huuhl `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs nob} 05 |mjhw fns |ah 05 fhh| nf

sxo9 òl fns |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| < mogahw- tamga mw mo |ah sxo"

hm|ahs nf |ah |tn jh|anlw `bsh`l} wanto fns |ah j`mo s`f|hs j`}ch xwhl/

\ah usnuns|mno`b fmdxshw|n ch xwhl no |ah wpx`sh fns |ah < mogahw

tmbb ch < no cb`lh òl 3r no |nodxh9 òl mf |ah whgnol jh|anl mw xwhl"

jìh |ah `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns 05 fhh|" c} ls`tmod `

bmoh < mogahw wpx`sh fsnj |ah/ |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0 whh Fmd/ 06-"

mow|h`l nf 6 mogahw `w |ahsh wanto fns |ah j`mo s`f|hs/

Amuw/\ashh nf |ah

amuw`sh wanto mo

Fmd/

0< |n hq|hol fsnj

|ah ub`|h|n |ah smldh*unbh9 |ah} `sh j`sihl mo |ah fmdxsh `w 0"3" òl

7 shwuhg|mvhb}"òl `sh wanto mo ubò |n ch lm`dno`bw nf ` wpx`sh

jh`wxsmod 07 fhh| 6 mogahw c} 07 fhh| 6 mogahw9 |ah} jìh ò òdbh"

|ahshfnsh" nf <8 lhdshhw tm|a |ahub`|h/



0< \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Mo Fmd/ 01 m| a`w chho wanto |a`| ` amu w|òlmod `| ò òdbh nf

<8 lhdshhw tm|a |ah ub`|htmbb a`vh ` sxo nf 04 mogahw fns hvhs} fnn|

sxo nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ahshfnsh" |n b`} nx| |ah amuw" |ah fmdxshw

no |ah wpx`sh tmbb ch 04 fns sxo òl = fns smwh9 òl c} w|huumod 07

|mjhw `bnod |ah amu s`f|hs |mjchs" |ah bhod|a nf amu fns 07 fhh| nf sxo

mw nc|`mohl/ \ah bhod|a fns |ah `llm|mno`b 6 mogahw mo |ah sxo j`}ch fnxol c} wpx`smod ` lmw|ògh nf 1_ mogahw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 04"

fsnj |ah |nodxh nf |ah wpx`sh" òl

jnvmod wpx`sh On/ 0 `bnod |ah hldh

nf |ah |mjchs" anblmod |ah cb`lh no

04 òl |nodxh no =" òl j`simod

|ah ubxjc gx| tahsh |ah ln||hl bmoh

mw wanto/

Mo Fmd/ 01 mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah

shb`|mvh sxo bhod|a nf ` uns|mno nf `

amu |n gnsshwunol |n |a`| nf ` fs`g*

|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| mo |ah bhod|a

nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Fsnj 03

mogahw" jh`wxsh `bnod |ah sxo nf

|ah gnjjno s`f|hs 6 mogahw" òl

lsnu ` bmoh |n gx| |ah lm`dno`b bmoh

mo j/ Fsnj j |n `" `bnod |ah lm`dno`b bmoh" tmbb ch |ah shb`|mvh sxo

bhod|a nf |ah u`s| nf amu |n gnsshwunol tm|a 6 mogahw sxo nf |ah gnjjno

s`f|hs" òl m| jh`wxshw 1r mogahw/

\ah w`jh shwxb|w j`} ch nc|`mohl c} |ah fnbbntmod jh|anl nf

fmdxsmod;

@w 03 ; 04 ; ; 6

6

03-053

Mo Fmd/ 0= mw wanto ` 03*moga wpx`sh"

|ah lm`dno`b j chmod 04 mogahw/ C}

ls`tmod bmohw fsnj |ah c`wh ` 6 |n gx| |ah

lm`dno`b bmoh" |ah u`s| nf |ah amu |n gnssh*

wunol |n |a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs tmbb ch Z

molmg`|hl no |ah bmoh 04/ Mo |amw fmdxsh

m| mw wanto |a`| ` 6*moga sxo no ` c" tamga shushwho|w |ah sxo nf `

fnn| nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs" tmbb a`vh ` gnsshwunolmod bhod|a nf 1r

cShb`|mvhm`ds`j Wantmod

Bhod|aw nf Sxo fns Amuw òlGnjjno S`f|hsw mo Hpx`b*

Um|ga Snnfw/

ss| 03

/ 35/ Jh|anl nf Lh|hsjmomodxo nf V`bbh} fns @llm|mno`bSxo mo Gnjjno S`f|hs/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 08

mogahw sxo no |ah bmoh 04" tamga shushwho|w |ah ubò bmoh nf |ah amu ns

v`bbh} mo `bb hpx`b*um|ga snnfw/

Mo|ah

fsno|d`cbh" Fmd/ 0<"

m| mw

wanto |a`| |ah sxo nf |ah gnjjnos`f|hs mw 05 fhh| < mogahw/ \n fmol |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs"

Fmd/ 30/ Gnsohs nf Wpx`sh Cxmblmod" Wont*

mod Ubò Bmohw nf Ub`|hw òl Amu/

Umd/ 37/ Gnsohs nf Wpx`sh Cxmblmod" Want*mod Ubò Bmohw nf Ub`|hw òl V`bbh}/

|ìh 03 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh" òl w|hu 05 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs

|mjchs9 òl fns |ah fs`g|mno`b u`s| nf ` fnn| < mogahw-" usnghhl `w t`w

wanto mo Fmd/ 06 fns |ah s`f|hs nf |ah j`mo snnf9 cx| mo |amw g`wh jh`wxsh

nx| wpx`sh |n |ah |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0" < mogahw mow|h`l nf 6 mogahw/

\ah `llm|mno`b bhod|a fns |ah fs`g|mno`b < mogahw sxo gò `bwn ch

fnxol c} |ìmod < mogahw no cb`lh òl 7 mogahw no |nodxh nf wpx`sh"

òl w|huumod noh |mjh9 |amw" mo `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a nc|`mohl c}

Ahhb gx| nf V`bbh}

Fmd/ 37/ Xwh nf Wpx`sh |n Lh|hsjmoh Ahhb Gx| nf V`bbh}/

w|huumod 05 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no

|nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw/

Mo |ah mo|hswhg|mno nf |amw snnf tm|a |ah j`mo snnf" |ahsh `sh wanto

|n ch |tn v`bbh}wnf lmffhsho| bhod|aw/

\ah bnod noh hq|holw fsnj |ah

ub`|h `| o Fmd/ 0<- |n |ah smldh nf |ah j`mo snnf `| s`9 m| a`w |ahshfnsh



06 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

` sxo nf 07 fhh| 6 mogahw/ Fns |ah bhod|a" usnghhl `w fns |ah amuw" c}

|ìmod 04 no cb`lh nf |ah wpx`sh òl = no |nodxh" òl w|huumod 07

|mjhw fns |ah bhod|a nf |ah 07 fhh|9 òl fns |ah fs`g|mno`b 6 mogahw"

usnghhl ushgmwhb} `w wanto mo Fmd/ 04 fns |ah amu" c} wpx`smod nx| fsnj

|ah |nodxh nf wpx`sh On/ 0" 1_ mogahw9 |amw" mo `llm|mno |n |ah bhod|a

nc|`mohl fns |ah 07 fhh|" tmbb dmvh |ah fxbb bhod|a nf |ah bnod v`bbh} o j/

\ah bhod|a nf |ah wans| v`bbh} ` g" `w wanto" hq|holw nvhs |ah

sxo nf 05 fhh| < mogahw" òl cx||w `d`mow| |ah wmlh nf |ah bnod v`bbh} `| g/

C} |ìmod 04 no cb`lh òl = no |nodxh" òl w|huumod `bnod |ah s`f|hs

|mjchs 05 |mjhw" |ah bhod|a fns |ah 05 fhh| mw fnxol9 òl fns |ah <

mogahw" jh`wxsh 8f

mogahw wpx`sh fsnj

|ah |nodxh nf

wpx`sh On/ 0" mo

|ah jòohs wanto

/Chvhb |nfb| amuwmo _ 04

?tahsh

$

`d`mow| ` lhhu |ah 1_* mogahw mw

snnf ns \mldhcn`sl wanto `llhl fns

|ah 6 mogahw `llm*

|mno`b sxo nf |ah

j`mo snnf fns |ah

amuw/

\ah bhod|a 8f mw

fnxol `w wanto mo

Fmd/ 3</ W|hhb Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n Fmolmod Chvhb fns Fm||mod+&$ $ _ jh`w*

\nunf

Amu ns V`bbh}|n

Smldh/ xsjd < mogohw fsnj` |nj `bnod |ah sxo

nf gnjjno s`f|hs fns noh fnn|/ Xuno j hshg| ` bmoh |n gx| |ah wh`| nf

|ah v`bbh} `| g9 fsnj g |n ` tmbb ch |ah sxo nf |ah v`bbh} |n gnsshwunol

tm|a < mogahw sxo nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs" òl m| tmbb jh`wxsh 8r mogahw/

Ant |n \sh`| |ah Ahhb Gx| nf Amuw òl V`bbh}w/ A`vmod fnxol

|ah bhod|aw nf |ah amuw òl v`bbh}w |n gnsshwunol |n |ah gnjjno s`f|hsw"

m| tmbb ch ohghww`s} |n fmol `bwn |ah |amgiohww nf h`ga `cnvh |ah ub`|h

|n gnsshwunol |n |ah |amgiohww |ah gnjjno s`f|hs tmbb ch `cnvh |ah

ub`|h/

Mo Fmd/ 30 mw wanto ` gnsohs nf ` wpx`sh cxmblmod" wantmod |ah

ub`|hw òl |ah ubò bmohw nf ` amu/ \ah bhod|a nf |ah amu" `w `bsh`l}

fnxol" tmbb gnvhs |ah wuò fsnj |ah smldh |n |ah gnsohs 39 cx| |ah wmlhw

76<



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 04

nf |ah amu mo|hswhg| |ah ub`|hw `| 7 òl 7 shwuhg|mvhb}9 |ahshfnsh |ah

lmw|ògh fsnj 3 |n 0"`w wanto mo |amw lm`ds`j" mw jh`wxshl c`git`slw

fsnj ` |n 0 mo |ah jòohs wanto mo Fmd/ 049 |aho ` ubxjc bmoh mw ls`to

|asnxda 0 |n j" u`s`bbhb |n |ah ubxjc gx| `*04/ Fsnj \N |n n no |amw

bmoh" jh`wxsh |ah w`jh |amgiohww `w |a`| nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 òl

|asnxda n ls`t |ah ahhb gx| |n ` `w wanto/

Mo bmih jòohs |ah |amgiohww nf |ah v`bbh} `cnvh |ah ub`|h mw fnxol9

cx| `w |ah v`bbh} `w wanto mo |ah ubò fmdxsh" Fmd/ 33" usnkhg|w ch}nol

unmo| 3 chfnsh m| mo|hswhg|w |ah nx|wmlh nf |ah ub`|hw" |ah lmw|ògh fsnj

3 |n 0 mo |ah g`wh nf |ah v`bbh} tmbb a`vh |n ch jh`wxshl nx|t`slw fsnj

3" `w wanto fsnj

` amu ns v`bbh}+

Fmd/ 38/ W|hhb Wpx`sh @uubmhl |n K`gi S`f|hs |n Fmol Chvhb fns

|mjchs |n GX| |ah Fm||mod `d`mow| Wmlh nf Amu ns V`bbh}/

chvhb |a`| tmbb

fm| |ah |nu hol `d`mow| |ah smldh/ \ah fmdxshwno |ah wpx`sh `sh 04

òl 0=_/ \ah 04 shushwho|w|ah bhod|a nf |ah ubò bmoh nf |ah amu

ns v`bbh} fns ` fnn| nf sxo" tamga" `w t`w wanto mo ushvmnxw fmdxshw"

tmbb `bt`}w ch 04 mogahw mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga"tahsh |ah ubò bmohw

w|òl `| <8 lhdshhw |n |ah ub`|hwòl wpx`sh |n h`ga n|ahs/

\ah 0=k |ìho no |ah cb`lh shushwho|w|ah `g|x`b bhod|a nf ` amu

ns v`bbh} |a`| tmbb wuò nvhs ` sxo nf 04 mogahw/ \ah chvhb mw j`sihl

`bnod |ah cb`lh/

\ah gx| `gsnww |ah c`gi nf |ah wans| v`bbh} |n fm| m| `d`mow| |ah

wmlh nf |ah bnod v`bbh}"tmbb ch ` wpx`sh gx| ntmod |n |ah |tn ubò bmohw

chmod `| smda| òdbhw |n h`ga n|ahs/



mw \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

b m M M M M M 0 M M M

$3 Sxo nf S`f|hs

Fmd/ 36/ Fmolmod Bhod|a |n Wans|hoS`f|hsw fns K`giw uhs Fnn|

nf Sxo/

Mo Fmd/ 38 mw wanto |ah w|hhb wpx`sh ùubmhl |n ` k`gi s`f|hs |n

gx| |ah c`gi chvhb" |n fm| m| `d`mow| |ah wmlh nf ` amu nsv`bbh}/ \ah

fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh`sh 03 no

|nodxhòl 08 no

cb`lh" |ah03

shush*

who|mod ` fnn| sxo nf ` gnjjno s`f|hs" òl |ah 08 |ah bhod|a nf `

s`f|hs |a`| tmbb wuò nvhs ` fnn| sxo9 j`simod `bnod |ah

cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb/

\ah sxbh mo hvhs} g`wh |n fmol |ah c`gi chvhb fns k`giw mo

snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga" mw |n |ìh 03 no |ah |nodxh |n shushwho|

|ah fnn| sxo" òl |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf sxo no

|ah cb`lh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh mo h`ga g`wh fns |ah

chvhb/

Mo ` _*um|ga snnf" tamga mw |ah

jnw| gnjjno mo `bb u`s|w nf |ah

gnxo|s}" |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns `

fnn| nf sxo tmbb ch 0 4 mogahw9ahogh

m| tmbb ch thbb |n shjhjchs |a`| 03

no |nodxh òl 04 no cb`lh" j`simod

`bnod |ah cb`lh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n fm| ` k`gi `d`mow| ` amu ns `

v`bbh} mo ` _*um|ga snnf/

Mo ` snnf a`vmod ` smwh nf = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" wxga `w |ah

noh xolhs gnowmlhs`|mno" |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns noh fnn| nf sxo tmbb

ch 08 mogahw/ \ah wpx`sh `w wanto mo Fmd/ 38" tm|a 03 no |nodxh òl

08 no cb`lh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh/

\n fmol |ah bhod|a nf ` s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf sxo fns ò} n|ahs um|ga"

ub`gh |ah |tn*fnn| sxbh lm`dno`bb} fsnj 03 no |ah cb`lh nf |ah wpx`sh

|n |ah fmdxsh no |nodxh shushwho|mod |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| nf

sxo9 |ah sxbh tmbb dmvh |ah bhod|a nf |ah

s`f|hs |a`| tmbb wuò nvhs noh fnn| nf

sxo/

\ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs fns ` fnn| nf

sxo tmbb `bwn lh|hsjmoh |ah lmffhshogh

mo bhod|aw nf k`giw/ Fns hq`jubh" mf `

snnf smwhw 03 mogahw |n noh fnn| nf sxo"

|ah s`f|hs nvhs |amw wuò a`w chho fnxol

|n ch 04 mogahw9 |amw" |ahshfnsh" mw |ah

oxjchs nf mogahw h`ga k`gi mw wans|hohl mo noh fnn| nf sxo/ Mf |ah

smwh nf |ah snnf mw 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs mw

fnxol fns noh fnn| nf sxo" c} ub`gmod |ah sxbh lm`dno`bb} fsnj 03 no

Fmd/ 34/S`f|hs mo (*Um|gFmolmod Bhod|a nf K`gi*

*Um|ga Snnf/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH B=

|nodxh |n 1 no cb`lh" tamga dmvhw 0<_ mogahw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 36/

\amw" |ahshfnsh" tmbb ch |ah oxjchs nf mogahw |ah k`giw `sh |n ch

wans|hohl mo ` snnf smwmod 1 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Mf |ah k`giw `sh

ub`ghl 3< mogahw fsnj gho|hs |n gho|hs" |aho jxb|mub} 0<_ c} 3 : 3=

mogahw/

Mo Fmd/ 34 mw wanto ant |n fmolm`

t

|ah bhod|a tm|a |ah w|hhb wpx`sh/ \ah

wpx`sh mw ub`ghl no |ah k`gi |mjchs

s`f|hs tm|a |ah fmdxshw |a`| a`vh chho

xwhl |n gx| |ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ Mo

Fmd/ 34" 03 no cb`lh òl 03 no |nodxh

thsh |ah fmdxshw xwhl |n gx| |ah gnj*

jno s`f|hs" |ah snnf chmod _ um|ga"

smwmod 03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ Mo |ah lm`ds`j m| mw wanto ant

|n fmol |ah bhod|a nf ` k`gi s`f|hs mf ub`ghl 06 mogahw fsnj gho|hs |n

gho|hs/ \ah jh|anl mw |n jnvh |ah wpx`sh `w wanto `bnod |ah bmoh nf

|ah cb`lh xo|mb |ah cb`lh jh`wxshw 06 mogahw9 |ah |nodxh |aho tnxbl ch

`w wanto fsnj t |n

j"òl |ah

bhod|a

nf |ah

k`gi

tnxbl ch fsnj 03 no

cb`lh |n j no |nodxh" no |ah hldh nf |ah k`gi s`f|hs |mjchs `w wanto/

\amw b`||hs jh|anl chgnjhw gnovhomho| taho |ah wu`gh ch|thho

k`giwmw bhww |aò 01 mogahw9 cx| mf xwhl taho |ah wu`gh mw jnsh |aò

j Smlph

Fmd/ 71/ Fmolmod Bhod|a nf K`giS`f|hs mo kAm*Um|ga Innf/

Ub`|h$

Fmd 3= Jh|anl nf Lh|hsjmomod Bhod|a nf K`giw Ch|thho Amuw òl V`bbh}w9

`bwn Chvhbw fns K`giw" Amuw" òl V`bbh}w/

01 mogahw m| tmbb chgnjh ohghww`s} |n xwh |tn wpx`shw9 n|ahstmwh |ah

|nodxh `w wanto `| j tnxbl on| sh`ga |ah hldh nf |ah |mjchs/

Mo Fmd/ 31 |ah w`jh jh|anl mw wanto fns fmolmod |ah bhod|a nf `

k`gi s`f|hs fns ` snnf smwmod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" tm|a |ah k`giw

ub`ghl01 mogahw gho|hs |n gho|hs/ \ah wpx`sh mo |amw lm`ds`j mw

wanto ub`ghlno |ah k`gi s`f|hs |mjchs tm|a 03 no cb`lh òl = no



35 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

|nodxh9 |aho m| mw jnvhl fnst`sl `bnod |ah bmoh nf |ah cb`lh |n t/

\ah cb`lh" taho mo |amw b`||hs unwm|mno" tmbb jh`wxsh 01 mogahw/ \ah

|nodxh tmbb jhh| |ah hldh nf |ah |mjchs `| \N" òl |ah lmw|ògh fsnj

\N no |nodxh |n 03 no cb`lh tmbb molmg`|h |ah bhod|a nf ` k`gi" ns" mo

n|ahs tnslw" tmbb want |ah bhod|a h`ga k`gi mw wans|hohl taho ub`ghl

Jm|hs Chvhb fns Cn`slw

Chvhb |n gx| |ah Cn_ss. C`gi

. #

R .6k

,. bn?

Fmd/ 75/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhbw fns @bb \mjchsw mo Snnfw nf Hpx`b Um|ga/

01 mogahw ch|thho gho|hsw mo ` snnf a`vmod ` um|ga nf = mogahw |n |ah

fnn| nf sxo/

Taho k`giw `sh ub`ghl ch|thho amuw òl v`bbh}w `w wanto `|

0" 3" 7" <" h|g/" mo Fmd/ 0<" ` ch||hs jh|anl nf |sh`|jho| mw wanto mo

Fmd/ 3=" tahsh |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf mw usnkhg|hl mo|n |ah ansm{no|`b

ubòh/ \ah lmw|ògh fsnj |ah ub`|h mo |amw fmdxsh |n |ah smldh \N" hpx`bw

|ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns |ah j`mo snnf/ No |ah ub`|h òo

mw j`lh hpx`b |n ` o o mo Fmd/ 0</ C} ls`tmod ` fmdxsh bmih |amw |n `

wg`bh nf noh moga |n noh fnn|" |ah bhod|a nf `bb |ah k`giw gò ch jh`wxshl



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 30

òl `bwn |ah bhod|aw nf |ah amu òl |ah |tnv`bbh}w/

M| `bwn dmvhw |ah

chvhbw fns |ah k`giw" `w thbb `w |ah chvhb |n fm| |ah amu òl v`bbh} `d`mow|

|ah smldh9 cx| |amw b`w| chvhb jxw| ch ùubmhl |n |ah amu òl v`bbh}

taho c`gihl/

M| a`w chho wanto chfnsh" |a`| |ah fmdxshw |n ch xwhl no |ah

wpx`sh fns |amw chvhb taho |ah |mjchs mw bhf| wpx`sh no c`gi `w mw |ah

gxw|nj mo gnow|sxg|mno" `sh |ah

bhod|a nf ` fnn| sxo nf ` amu ns v`b*

bh}"tamga mw 04" no |nodxh" òl |ah

bhod|a nf ` amu ns v`bbh} |a`| tmbb

wuò nvhs 04 mogahw sxo" no cb`lh

|ah cb`lh dmvmod |ah chvhb/Fmd/ 70/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhb 8" Fmd/

Fmd/ 75 gno|`mow `bb |ah chvhbw ns wn" fns Fm||mod ju ns v`mmh} @d`mow|Smldh tahmm on| C`gihl/

gx|w |a`| a`vh chho |sh`|hl xuno wn

f`s" òl" mf gnsshg|b} xolhsw|nnl" tmbb ho`cbh ò} noh |n fs`jh ò}

snnf nf hpx`b um|ga/Mo |amw fmdxsh m| mw wanto |a`| 03 mogahw sxo òl

= mogahw smwh tmbb dmvh chvhbw 0 òl 3" tamga `sh |ah ubxjc òl ahhb

gx|w nf s`f|hsw nf ` snnf smwmod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| nf sxo/ C} |ìmod

|ahwh fmdxshw" |ahshfnsh" no |ah wpx`sh" = mogahw no |ah |nodxh òl 03

mogahw no |ah cb`lh" j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc gx|"

òl j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb gx|/

Chvhbw 7 òl < `sh |ah ubxjc òl ahhb gx|w fns |ah amu"òl `sh

wanto |n a`vh |ah bhod|a nf |ah wh`| nf amu fns noh fnn| sxo" tamga mw

04 mogahw// C} |ìmod 04 mogahw" |ahshfnsh" no |ah cb`lh" òl = mogahw

no |ah |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh fns |ah ubxjc gx|" òl `bnod

F`gh gx|

\NNf

Jm|hs gx| fns \NN+ cn`sl

Fmd/ 73/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod C`gi Chvhb 6" Fmd/ 77/ Lh|hsjmomod Jm|hs Gx| fns Snnf*

Fmd/ 75" fns K`gi S`f|hsw" òl Chvhb Cn`sl/

4" fns Snnf*Cn`sl/

|ah cb`lh fns |ah ahhb gx|" |ah ubxjc òl ahhb gx|w `sh fnxol/ Chvhb

8" tamga mw |n fm| |ah amu ns v`bbh} `d`mow| |ah smldh taho on| c`gihl"

mw wanto fsnj n t" |ah bhod|a nf |ah amu fns noh fnn| nf sxo" tamga mw

0=K mogahw" òl fsnj n w" tamga `bt`}w mo snnfw nf hpx`b um|ga tmbb

ch 04 mogahw òlhpx`b mo bhod|a

|n |ah wh`| nf ` amu ns v`bbh}fns noh

fnn| nf sxo/



33 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

\ahwh fmdxshw" |ahshfnsh" |ìho no |ah wpx`sh" 0=r no |ah cb`lh"

òl 04 no |ah |nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh

`w wanto mo Fmd/ 70" tahsh |ah wpx`sh mw wanto ùubmhl |n |ah amu

|mjchs tm|a 0=K no cb`lh òl 04 no |nodxh"

|ah cb`lh wantmod |ah gx|/

Chvhbw 6 òl 4 mo Fmd/ 75 `sh wanto

fnsjhl nf |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns noh fnn|

nf sxo" tamga mw 08 mogahw" òl |ah sxo nf |ah

s`f|hs" tamga mw 03 mogahw/ \ahwh fmdxshw `sh

ùubmhl no |ah

wpx`sh" `w wanto

mo Fmd/ 73" |n `

k`gi s`f|hs |mj*

chs9 |ìmod 08 no

|ah cb`lh òl 03

no |ah |nodxh"

j`simod `bnod|ah cb`lh tmbb

Fmd/ 7</ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Noh*a`bf D`cbh nf (*Um|ga Snnf/

dmvh |ah c`gi chvhb fns |ah k`gi s`f|hsw" òl j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh

tmbb dmvh |ah f`gh gx| nf snnf*cn`slw |n fm| `bnod |ah amu nsv`bbh}/

M| mw wanto mo Fmd/ 75" `bwn" |a`| c} |ìmod |ah bhod|a nf s`f|hs

08 mogahw no cb`lh" òl smwh nf snnf = mogahw no |nodxh" chvhb 1 tmbb

dmvh |ah jm|hs gx| fns |ah snnf*cn`slw/

Mo Fmd/ 77 |ah wpx`sh mw wanto ùubmhl |n ` snnf*cn`sl tm|a 08

no cb`lh" tamga mw |ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs |n noh fnn| nf sxo" òl

tm|a = no |nodxh" tamga mw |ah smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| sxo9 j`simod

`bnod |ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah jm|hs fns |ah cn`slw/

N|ahs xwhw j`} ch j`lh nf |ahwh

fmdxshw" `w wanto mo Fmd/ 7<" tamga

mw noh*a`bf nf ` d`cbh nf ` snnf smw*

mod = mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ah

wpx`shw `| |ah cn||nj òl |ah |nu

tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc òl ahhb gx|w nf

|ah gnjjno s`f|hs/ \ah w`jh

fmdxshw no |ah wpx`sh ùubmhl |n |ah w|xllmod" j`simod* `bnod |ah

|nodxh fns |ah gx|" tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n fm| |ah w|xllmod `d`mow| |ah

s`f|hs9 òl c} j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh th nc|`mo |ah gx| fns |ah

cn`slw |a`| sxo `gsnww |ah d`cbh/ C} |ìmod 0=k no cb`lh" tamga mw

Fmd/ 78/ Fmolmod C`gimod nf Amu mo

D`cbh Snnf/



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH 37

|ah bhod|a nf |ah amu fns noh fnn| nf sxo" òl |ìmod no |ah |nodxh |ah

smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| nf sxo" tamga mw = mogahw" òl ùub}mod

|ahwh `w wanto mo Fmd/ 78" th nc|`mo |ah c`gimod nf |ah amu c}

j`simod `bnod |ah |nodxh nf |ah |tn wpx`shw" `w wanto/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl fsnj ta`| a`w chho w`ml" |a`| mo snnfw nf

hpx`b um|ga |ah fmdxsh 03 no |ah cb`lh" òl ta`|hvhs oxjchs nf mogahw

|ah snnf smwhw |n |ah fnn| sxo no |ah |nodxh" tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc òl

ahhb gx|w fns |ah gnjjno s`f|hs9 òl |a`| c} |ìmod 04 no |ah cb`lh

mow|h`l nf 03" òl |ìmod no |ah |nodxh |ah fmdxsh shushwho|mod |ah

smwh nf |ah snnf |n |ah fnn| sxo" |ah ubxjc òl ahhb gx|w `sh fnxol fns

|ah amuw òl v`bbh}w/

C} |ìmod |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno s`f|hs fns noh fnn| nf sxo

no cb`lh" òl |ah sxo 03 no |nodxh" j`simod `bnod |ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh

6 6

Fmd/ 76/ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Snnf tm|a \tn Xohpx`b Um|gahw/

|ah c`gi chvhb fns |ah k`gi |n fm| |ah amu ns v`bbh}" òl j`simod `bnod

|ah |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah chvhb |n gx| |ah snnf*cn`slw |n fm| |ah bmoh nf

amu ns v`bbh} xuno |ah snnf/

Tm|a |amw iontbhldh nf ta`| fmdxshw |n xwh" òl ta} |ah} `sh

xwhl" m| tmbb ch ò h`w} j`||hs fns ò}noh |n b`} nx| `bb s`f|hsw fns

hpx`b*um|gasnnfw/

Mo Fmd/ 76 mw wanto ` ubò nf ` snnf tm|a |tn xohpx`b um|gahw/

\ah j`mo snnf mw wanto |n a`vh ` smwh nf 03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ah

fsno| tmod mw wanto |n a`vh ` sxo nf 6 fhh| òl |n smwh 03 fhh|9 m| a`w

|axw ` um|ganf 3< mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo/ \ahshfnsh 03 no cb`lh nf |ah

wpx`shòl 03 no |nodxh tmbb dmvh |ah ubxjc òl ahhb gx|w fns |ah

j`mo snnf" òl c} w|huumod03 |mjhw `bnod |ah s`f|hs |mjchs |ah bhod|a

nf |ah s`f|hs mw fnxol/ \ah fmdxshwno |ah wpx`sh |n fmol |ah ahhb òl



3< \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

ubxjc gx|w fns |ah s`f|hs mo |ah fsno| tmod" tmbb ch 03 sxo òl 3< smwh"

òl c} w|huumod 6 |mjhw |ah oxjchs nf fhh| mo |ah sxo nf |ah s`f|hs-"

|ah bhod|atmbb

ch fnxol nvhs |ah sxo nf 6 fhh|" òl m| tmbb jh`wxsh 07fhh| 6 mogahw/

Mf" mo ub`gh nf w|huumod `bnod |ah |mjchs" |ah lm`dno`b nf 03 òl

3< mw jxb|mubmhl c} 6" |ah oxjchs nf fhh| mo |ah sxo"

|ah bhod|a j`} ch fnxol hvho |n ` dsh`|hs hq`g|m|xlh/

Jò} g`suho|hsw xwh |amw jh|anl nffs`jmod9 òl

|n |anwh tan a`vh gnofmlhogh mo |ahms`cmbm|} |n fmdxsh

gnsshg|b}"m| mw ` w`vmod nf |mjh" òl" `w chfnsh w`ml"

tmbb shwxb| mo ` jnsh `ggxs`|h jh`wxshjho|9 cx| |ah

ch||hs òl jnsh wgmho|mfmg jh|anl nf fs`jmod mw |n tnsi

|n ` wg`bh nf noh moga" `w a`w `bsh`l} chhohqub`mohl/

@ggnslmod |n |a`| jh|anl" |ah

lm`dno`b nf ` fnn| nf sxo" òl |ah

oxjchs nf mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo |ah

snnf mw smwmod" jh`wxshl |n ` wg`bh"

tmbb dmvh |ah hq`g| bhod|a/ Fns Fmd/74/ Fmolmod Bhod|a nf S`f|hs fns

hq`jubh" |ah j`mo snnf mo Fmd/ 76 mwFs o| T|`

(0

W$ Wanto mo

smwmod 03 mogahw |n ` fnn| nf sxo/ \ah lm`dno`b nf 03 òl 03 mw 04

mogahw" tamga" gnowmlhshl `w ` wg`bh nf noh moga |n ` fnn|" tmbb dmvh

0*

Smlph+

Fmd/ 71/ B`}mod Nx| \mjchsw nf Snnf Wanto mo Fmd/ 76" c} Usnkhg|mod Wbnuh nf

Snnf mo|n Ansm{no|`b Ubòh/

04 fhh|" òl |amw tmbb ch |ah hq`g| bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns ` snnf smwmod

03 mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo òl a`vmod ` sxo nf 03 fhh|/

\ah bhod|a nf |ah s`f|hs fns |ah fsno| tmod" tamga a`w ` sxo nf 6

fhh| òl ` smwh nf 03 fhh|"j`} ch nc|`mohl c} ub`gmod |ah sxbh `w wanto



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH+

mo Fmd/ 74" fsnj 6 no cb`lh |n 03 no |nodxh" tamga tmbb dmvh ` bhod|a nf

07m mogahw/ Mf |ah wg`bh ch gnowmlhshl `w noh moga |n ` fnn|" |amw tmbb

hpx`b 07 fhh| 6 mogahw" tamga tmbb ch |ah hq`g| bhod|a nf ` gnjjnos`f|hs smwmod 3< mogahw |n |ah fnn| sxo òl a`vmod ` sxo nf 6 fhh|/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |ah ubò bmohw nf |ah v`bbh}w mo |amwfmdxsh

mo shwuhg| |n noh òn|ahs lhvm`|h fsnj fnsjmod ` smda| òdbh/ Mo

hpx`b*um|ga snnfw |ah ubò bmohw `sh `bt`}w `| smda| òdbhw |n h`ga n|ahs"

òl |ahshfnsh |ah lm`dno`b nf 03 òl 03" tamga mw 04 mogahw" tmbb ch

|ah shb`|mvh fnn| sxo nf v`bbh}w òl amuw mo hpx`b*um|ga snnfw/

Mo Fmd/ 76 mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah fmdxshw |n xwh no |ah wpx`sh

fns v`bbh}w òl amuw taho lhvm`|mod

fsnj |ah smda| òdbh/ @ bmoh mw

ls`to `| ` lmw|ògh nf 03 mogahw

fsnj |ah ub`|h òl u`s`bbhb|n m|"

gx||mod |ah v`bbh} mo s` `w wanto/

\ah u`s| nf |ah v`bbh}fsnj j |n

|ah ub`|h tmbb jh`wxsh 07V mogahw"

tamga mw |ah fmdxsh |a`| mw |n ch

xwhl no |a` wpx`sh |n nc|`mo |ah

bhod|a òl gx|w nf |ah v`bbh}w/

M| tmbb ch ncwhsvhl |a`| |amw

hpx`bw |ah bhod|a nf |ah gnjjno

s`f|hs `w fnxol c} |ah wpx`sh òl

sxbh mo Fmd/ 74/ Mo |a`| fmdxsh mw

wanto 03 no |nodxh òl 6 no cb`lh/

\ah 03 ahsh shushwho|w |ah smwh" òl|ah 6 |ah sxo nf |ah fsno| snnf/ Mf

|ah 03 ch |ìho |n shushwho| |ah

sxo nf |ah j`mo snnf" òl |ah 6 |n

Hbhv`|mno

Fmd/ 7=/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Bhod|a òlGx|w nf Ng|`dno Amuw Mo|hswhg|*

mod ` Snnf/

shushwho||ah sxo nf |ah fsno| snnf" |aho" |ah lm`dno`b 07_ tmbb molm*

g`|h |ah bhod|a nf |ah wh`| nf |ah V`bbh} fns 03 fhh| nf sxo" òl |ahsh*

fnsh fns noh fnn| m| tmbb ch 07r mogahw/ Ont" c} |ìmod 07 no |ah

cb`lh fns sxo" òl 03 mogahw no |ah |nodxh fns smwh" òl w|huumod

`bnod |ah v`bbh} s`f|hs |mjchs 03 |mjhw" |ah bhod|a nf |ah v`bbh}

tmbb ch fnxol/ \ah cb`lh tmbb dmvh |ah ahhb gx|" òl |ah |nodxh |ah

ubxjc gx|/

Mo Fmd/71 mw wanto |ah wbnuh

nf |ah snnf usnkhg|hl mo|n |ah ansm*

{no|`b ubòh/ C} ls`tmod ` fmdxsh c`whl no ` wg`bh nf noh moga |n noh



36 \AH W\HHB WPX@SH

fnn|" `bb |ah |mjchsw no |ah wbnuh nf |ah snnf gò ch jh`wxshl/ Chvhb

3" wanto mo |amw fmdxsh" mw |n fm| |ah v`bbh}w `d`mow| |ah smldh/ C}

ls`tmod ` bmoh fsnj t wpx`sh |n |ah wh`| nf |ah v`bbh} |n j" jìmod

*_/"Smlgu

mo *Whgnol Unwm|mno

Fmd/ <5/ WantmodAnt Gnsomgh @ffhg|w V`bbh}w òl Ub`|hw mo Snnf tm|a Xohpx`b Um|gahw/

t 3 hpx`b mo bhod|a |n |ah bhod|a nf |ahv`bbh}" `w wanto" òl c} gno*

ohg|mod 3 òl j" |ah chvhb `| 3 mw fnxol" tamga tmbb fm| |ah v`bbh}w

`d`mow| |ah smldh" `w wanto `| 7 òl 7 mo Fmd/ 76/

Mo Fmd/ 7=" mw wanto ant |n fmol |ah bhod|a òl gx|w nf ng|`dno

amuw mo|hswhg|mod ` snnf/ Mo Fmd/ 76" a`bf |ah ubò nf |ah ng|`dno mw

wanto |n ch mowmlh nf |ah ub`|h"òl |ah amuw n" {" n mo|hswhg| |ah wbnuh

nf |ah snnf/ Mo Fmd/ 7=" |ah bmohw chbnt q } `sh |ah ubò bmohw9òl |anwh

`cnvh" |ah hbhv`|mno/ Fsnj {" n"

n" mo |ah ubò" ls`t bmohw |n q}"

`w wanto fsnj n|nj òl fsnj {

|n j9 fsnj j òl j" ls`t |ah hbh*

?b`|h nf O`ssnt SnnfV`|m o bjhW

/

|N |ah `>6Q#

? mo|hb?

whg|mod |ah bmoh nf |ah snnf mo l#

òl g#/ Fsnj l# òl g#" ls`t

|ah bmohw l# v# òl g# `# u`s`bbhb

|n q }9 fsnj g#" lsnu ` bmoh |n mo*

|hswhg| |ah

ubò

bmoh `n mo g/

Jìh ` t hpx`b mo bhod|a |n `# n#

nf |ah hbhv`|mno" òl gnoohg| t g9Fmd/ <0/ Wantmod Shb`|mvh Unwm|mno nf

ub`|hw mo Snnf tm|a \TN xx* jh`wxsh msnjt |n o |ah sxo ahmda|hpx`b Um|gahw/

nf |ah ng|`dno `w wanto fsnj q}

|n |ah ùhq n#9 òl gnoohg| g o/ \ah bhod|a fsnj t |n g mw |a`| nf



\AH W\HHB WPX@SH

Wh`| nf V`bbh}

|ah |tn amuw wanto `| n n mo Fmd/ 76" cn|a chmod hpx`b amuw mo|hswhg|*

mod |ah snnf `| ò hpx`b lmw|ògh fsnj |ah ub`|h/ \ah chvhb o|tmw |ah

|nu chvhb" òl |ah chvhb `| g tmbb fm| |ah snnf/

@d`mo" lsnu ` bmoh fsnj l# |n mo|hswhg| |ah ubò bmoh ` { mo l/

Jìh ` 3 hpx`b |n v# n# mo |ah hbhv`|mno" òl gnoohg| 3 l/ Jh`wxsh

fsnj 3 |n c |ah fxbb ahmda| nf |ah |nths `w wanto fsnj q } |n |ah ùhq

n# mo |ah hbhv`|mno" òl gnoohg| l c/

\ah bhod|a 3 l shushwho|w |ah

bhod|a nf |ah amu { wanto mo

Fmd/ 769 |ah chvhb `| 3 mw |a`| nf

|ah |nu 9òl |ah chvhb `| l" |ah

noh |a`| tmbb fm| |ah fnn| nf |ah

amu |n |ah mo|hswhg|mod snnf/

Taho ` gnsomgh nf ò} gno*

wmlhs`cbh tml|a sxow `snxol `

snnf nf |amw imol" m| `ffhg|w |ah

ub`|hw òl |ah òdbh nf |ah v`b*

bh}w `w wantomo

Fmd/<5/ Mo

|amw$ fmdxsh `sh wanto |ah w`jh

v`bbh}w `w mo Fmd/ 769 cx|" ntmod

|n |ah tml|a nf |ah gnsomgh" |ah

fnn| nf h`ga a`w chho jnvhl |ah

lmw|ògh ` c `bnod |ah ub`|hnf |ah

j`mo snnf/ Ta} |amw mw lnoh mw

wanto mo |ah ls`tmod |n ch g`xwhl c} |ah ohghwwm|}fns |ah v`bbh}w

|n mo|hswhg| |ah gnsohsw g g nf |ah gnsomgh/

\ah ub`|hw`sh `bwn `ffhg|hl `w wanto mo Fmd/ <0" tahsh |ah ub`|h

nf |ah o`ssnt snnf mw wanto |n ch jxga amdahs |aò |ah ub`|hnf |ah

j`mo snnf/

\ah chvhbw wanto `| 7" Fmd/ <5" `sh |n fm| |ah v`bbh}w `d`mow| |ah

smldh/

Mo Fmd/ <3 mw wanto ` vhs} wmjubh jh|anl nf fmolmod |ah chvhbw fns

uxsbmowmo hpx`b*um|ga

snnfw/ Ls`t |ah ubònf |ah gnsohs `w wanto"

òl ` bmoh fsnj \N |n n9 jh`wxsh fsnj n |ah bhod|a q }" shushwho|mod

|ah gnjjno s`f|hs" |n t9 fsnj t ls`t ` bmoh |n \N9 |ah chvhb wanto

`| 3 tmbb fm| |ah |nu f`gh nf |ah uxsbmo/ @d`mo" fsnj n" lhwgsmch ò

`sg |n gx| |ah wh`| nf |ah v`bbh}"òl gno|moxh w`jh `snxol |n W9 gno*

ohg| W \N9 |ah chvhb `| 7 tmbb ch |ah wmlh chvhb/

Fmd/ <3/ Jh|anl nf Fmolmod Chvhbw fns Uxs*bmow mo Hpx`b*Um|ga Snnfw/

cyclopedia of architecture carpentry & building vol viii

Documents