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[Visual Basic]

NotInheritable Public Class Thread[C#]

public sealed class Thread

[C++]

public __gc __sealed class Thread

[JScript]

public class Thread

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public function Thread(

start : ThreadStart

);

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#!"!#

[Visual Basic]

Public Sub Start()

[C#]345[C++]

public: void Start();

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public function Start();

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}

}

}

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using System;

using System.Threading;

// Simple threading scenario: Start a static method running

// on a second thread.

public class ThreadExample {

// The ThreadProc method is called when the thread starts.

// It loops ten times, writing to the console and yielding

// the rest of its time slice each time, and then ends.

public static void ThreadProc() {

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

Console.WriteLine("ThreadProc: {0}", i);

// Yield the rest of the time slice.

Thread.Sleep(0);

}

}

public static void Main() {

Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Start a second thread.");

// The constructor for the Thread class requires a ThreadStart

// delegate that represents the method to be executed on the

// thread. C# simplifies the creation of this delegate.

Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));

// Start ThreadProc. On a uniprocessor, the thread does not get// any processor time until the main thread yields. Uncomment

// the Thread.Sleep that follows t.Start() to see the difference.

t.Start();

//Thread.Sleep(0);

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Do some work.");

Thread.Sleep(0);

}

Console.WriteLine("Main thread: Call Join(), to wait until

ThreadProc ends.");

t.Join();

Console.WriteLine("Main thread: ThreadProc.Join has returned.

Press Enter to end program.");

Console.ReadLine();

}

}

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&[Visual Basic]

NotInheritable Public Class ThreadPool

[C#]

public sealed class ThreadPool

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public __gc __sealed class ThreadPool

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public class ThreadPool

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public static void Main() {

// Queue the task.

ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(ThreadProc));

Console.WriteLine("Main thread does some work, then sleeps.");

// If you comment out the Sleep, the main thread exits before

// the thread pool task runs. The thread pool uses background

// threads, which do not keep the application running. (This

// is a simple example of a race condition.)

Thread.Sleep(1000);

Console.WriteLine("Main thread exits.");

}

// This thread procedure performs the task.

static void ThreadProc(Object stateInfo) {

// No state object was passed to QueueUserWorkItem, so

// stateInfo is null.

Console.WriteLine("Hello from the thread pool.");}

}

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using System;


// TaskInfo contains data that will be passed to the callback

// method.

public class TaskInfo {

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public RegisteredWaitHandle Handle = null;

public string OtherInfo = "default";

}

public class Example {

public static void Main(string[] args)

{

// The main thread uses AutoResetEvent to signal the

// registered wait handle, which executes the callback

// method.

AutoResetEvent ev = new AutoResetEvent(false);

TaskInfo ti = new TaskInfo();

ti.OtherInfo = "First task";

// The TaskInfo for the task includes the registered wait

// handle returned by RegisterWaitForSingleObject. This

// allows the wait to be terminated when the object has

// been signaled once (see WaitProc).

ti.Handle = ThreadPool.RegisterWaitForSingleObject(

ev,

new WaitOrTimerCallback(WaitProc),

ti,

1000,

false

);

// The main thread waits three seconds, to demonstrate the

// time-outs on the queued thread, and then signals.

Thread.Sleep(3100);

Console.WriteLine("Main thread signals.");

ev.Set();

// The main thread sleeps, which should give the callback

// method time to execute. If you comment out this line, the

// program usually ends before the ThreadPool thread can

execute.

Thread.Sleep(1000);

// If you start a thread yourself, you can wait for it to end

// by calling Thread.Join.

//This option is not available with thread pool threads.

}

// The callback method executes when the registered wait times out,

// or when the WaitHandle (in this case AutoResetEvent) is signaled.

// WaitProc unregisters the WaitHandle the first time the event is

// signaled.

public static void WaitProc(object state, bool timedOut)

{

// The state object must be cast to the correct type, because the

// signature of the WaitOrTimerCallback delegate specifies type

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// Object.

TaskInfo ti = (TaskInfo) state;

string cause = "TIMED OUT";

if (!timedOut)

{

cause = "SIGNALED";

// If the callback method executes because the WaitHandle is

// signaled, stop future execution of the callback method

// by unregistering the WaitHandle.

if (ti.Handle != null)

ti.Handle.Unregister(null);

}

Console.WriteLine("WaitProc( {0} ) executes on thread {1};

cause = {2}.",

ti.OtherInfo,

Thread.CurrentThread.GetHashCode().ToString(),

cause);

}

}

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[JScript]

public class AutoResetEvent extends WaitHandle

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using System;using System.Threading;

class CalculateTest

{

static void Main()

{

Calculate calc = new Calculate();

Console.WriteLine("Result = {0}.",

calc.Result(234).ToString());

Console.WriteLine("Result = {0}.",

calc.Result(55).ToString());

}

}

class Calculate

{

double baseNumber, firstTerm, secondTerm, thirdTerm;

AutoResetEvent[] autoEvents;

ManualResetEvent manualEvent;

// Generate random numbers to simulate the actual calculations.

Random randomGenerator;

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public Calculate()

{

autoEvents = new AutoResetEvent[]

{

new AutoResetEvent(false),

new AutoResetEvent(false),

new AutoResetEvent(false)

};

manualEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);

}

void CalculateBase(object stateInfo)

{

baseNumber = randomGenerator.NextDouble();

// Signal that baseNumber is ready.

manualEvent.Set();

}

// The following CalculateX methods all perform the same

// series of steps as commented in CalculateFirstTerm.

void CalculateFirstTerm(object stateInfo)

{

// Perform a precalculation.

double preCalc = randomGenerator.NextDouble();

// Wait for baseNumber to be calculated.

manualEvent.WaitOne();

// Calculate the first term from preCalc and baseNumber.

firstTerm = preCalc * baseNumber *

randomGenerator.NextDouble();

// Signal that the calculation is finished.

autoEvents[0].Set();

}

void CalculateSecondTerm(object stateInfo)

{



secondTerm = preCalc * baseNumber *



}

void CalculateThirdTerm(object stateInfo)

{



thirdTerm = preCalc * baseNumber *



}

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public double Result(int seed)

{

randomGenerator = new Random(seed);

// Simultaneously calculate the terms.

ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(

new WaitCallback(CalculateBase));


new WaitCallback(CalculateFirstTerm));


new WaitCallback(CalculateSecondTerm));


new WaitCallback(CalculateThirdTerm));

// Wait for all of the terms to be calculated.

WaitHandle.WaitAll(autoEvents);

// Reset the wait handle for the next calculation.

manualEvent.Reset();

return firstTerm + secondTerm + thirdTerm;

}

}

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[Visual Basic]

NotInheritable Public Class Monitor

[C#]public sealed class Monitor

[C++]

public __gc __sealed class Monitor

[JScript]

public class Monitor

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// This example shows how a Mutex is used to synchronize access

// to a protected resource. Unlike Monitor, Mutex can be used with

// WaitHandle.WaitAll and WaitAny, and can be passed across

// AppDomain boundaries.

using System;


class Test

{

// Create a new Mutex. The creating thread does not own the

// Mutex.

private static Mutex mut = new Mutex();

private const int numIterations = 1;

private const int numThreads = 3;

static void Main()

{

// Create the threads that will use the protected resource.

for(int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)

{

Thread myThread = new Thread(

new ThreadStart(MyThreadProc));

myThread.Name = String.Format("Thread{0}", i + 1);

myThread.Start();

}

// The main thread exits, but the application continues to

// run until all foreground threads have exited.

}

private static void MyThreadProc()

{

for(int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++)

{

UseResource();

}

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}

// This method represents a resource that must be synchronized

// so that only one thread at a time can enter.

private static void UseResource()

{

// Wait until it is safe to enter.

mut.WaitOne();

Console.WriteLine("{0} has entered the protected area",

Thread.CurrentThread.Name);

// Place code to access non-reentrant resources here.

// Simulate some work.

Thread.Sleep(500);

Console.WriteLine("{0} is leaving the protected area\r\n",

Thread.CurrentThread.Name);

// Release the Mutex.mut.ReleaseMutex();

}

}

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