Science First Nine Weeks Physics

Purpose of Science Curriculum Maps

This map is meant to help teachers and their support providers (e.g., coaches, leaders) on their path to effective, college and career ready (CCR) aligned instruction and our pursuit of Destination 2025. It is a resource for organizing instruction around the TN State Standards, which define what to teach and what students need to learn at each grade level. The map is designed to reinforce the grade/course-specific standards and content—the major work of the grade (scope)—and provides suggested sequencing, pacing, time frames, and aligned resources. Our hope is that by curating and organizing a variety of standards-aligned resources, teachers will be able to spend less time wondering what to teach and searching for quality materials (though they may both select from and/or supplement those included here) and have more time to plan, teach, assess, and reflect with colleagues to continuously improve practice and best meet the needs of their students.

The map is meant to support effective planning and instruction to rigorous standards. It is not meant to replace teacher planning, prescribe pacing or instructional practice. In fact, our goal is not to merely “cover the curriculum,” but rather to “uncover” it by developing students’ deep understanding of the content and mastery of the standards. Teachers who are knowledgeable about and intentionally align the learning target (standards and objectives), topic, text(s), task,, and needs (and assessment) of the learners are best-positioned to make decisions about how to support student learning toward such mastery. Teachers are therefore expected--with the support of their colleagues, coaches, leaders, and other support providers--to exercise their professional judgment aligned to our shared vision of effective instruction, the Teacher Effectiveness Measure (TEM) and related best practices. However, while the framework allows for flexibility and encourages each teacher/teacher team to make it their own, our expectations for student learning are non-negotiable. We must ensure all of our children have access to rigor—high-quality teaching and learning to grade level specific standards, including purposeful support of literacy and language learning across the content areas.

Introduction

In 2014, the Shelby County Schools Board of Education adopted a set of ambitious, yet attainable goals for school and student performance. The District is committed to these goals, as further described in our strategic plan, Destination 2025. In order to achieve these ambitious goals, we must collectively work to provide our students with high quality, College and Career Ready standards-aligned instruction. The Tennessee State Standards provide a common set of expectations for what students will know and be able to do at the end of a grade. College and Career Ready Standards are rooted in the knowledge and skills students need to succeed in post-secondary study or careers. While the academic standards establish desired learning outcomes, the curriculum provides instructional planning designed to help students reach these outcomes. The curriculum maps contain components to ensure that instruction focuses students toward college and career readiness. Educators will use this guide and the standards as a roadmap for curriculum and instruction. The sequence of learning is strategically positioned so that necessary foundational skills are spiraled in order to facilitate student mastery of the standards. Our collective goal is to ensure our students graduate ready for college and career. The standards for science practice describe varieties of expertise that science educators at all levels should seek to develop in their students. These practices rest on important “processes and proficiencies” with longstanding importance in science education. The Science Framework emphasizes process standards of which include planning investigations, using models, asking questions and communicating information. The science maps contain components to ensure that instruction focuses students toward college and career readiness. The maps are centered around four basic components: the state standards and framework (Tennessee Curriculum Center), components of the 5E instructional model (performance tasks), scientific investigations (real world experiences), and informational text (specific writing activities).

The Science Framework for K-12 Science Education provides the blueprint for developing the effective science practices. The Framework expresses a vision in Page 1 of 12

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science education that requires students to operate at the nexus of three dimensions of learning: Science and Engineering Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Disciplinary Core Ideas. The Framework identified a small number of disciplinary core ideas that all students should learn with increasing depth and sophistication, from Kindergarten through grade twelve. Key to the vision expressed in the Framework is for students to learn these disciplinary core ideas in the context of science and engineering practices. The importance of combining science and engineering practices and disciplinary core ideas is stated in the Framework as follows:

Standards and performance expectations that are aligned to the framework must take into account that students cannot fully understand scientific and engineering ideas without engaging in the practices of inquiry and the discourses by which such ideas are developed and refined. At the same time, they cannot learn or show competence in practices except in the context of specific content. (NRC Framework, 2012, p. 218)

To develop the skills and dispositions to use scientific and engineering practices needed to further their learning and to solve problems, students need to experience instruction in which they use multiple practices in developing a particular core idea and apply each practice in the context of multiple core ideas. We use the term “practices” instead of a term such as “skills” to emphasize that engaging in scientific investigation requires not only skill but also knowledge that is specific to each practice. Students in grades K-12 should engage in all eight practices over each grade band. This guide provides specific goals for science learning in the form of grade level expectations, statements about what students should know and be able to do at each grade level.

An instructional model or learning cycle, such as the 5E model is a sequence of stages teachers may go through to help students develop a full understanding of a lesson concept. Instructional models are a form of scaffolding, a technique a teacher uses that enables a student to go beyond what he or she could do independently. Some instructional models are based on the constructivist approach to learning, which says that learners build or construct new ideas on top of their old ideas. Engage captures the students’ attention. Gets the students focused on a situation, event, demonstration, of problem that involves the content and abilities that are the goals of instruction. In the explore phase, students participate in activities that provide the time and an opportunities to conducts activities, predicts, and forms hypotheses or makes generalizations. The explain phase connects students’ prior knowledge and background to new discoveries. Students explain their observations and findings in their own words. Elaborate, in this phase the students are involved in learning experience that expand and enrich the concepts and abilities developed in the prior phases. Evaluate, in this phase, teachers and students receive feedback on the adequacy of their explanations and abilities. The components of instructional models are found in the content and connection columns of the curriculum maps.

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Science is not taught in isolation. There are commonalities among the practices of science (science and engineering), mathematics (practices), and English Language Arts (student portraits). There is an early focus on informative writing in ELA and science. There’s a common core in all of the standards documents (ELA, Math, and Science). At the core is: reasoning with evidence; building arguments and critiquing the arguments of others; and participating in reasoning-oriented practices with others. The standards in science, math, and ELA provide opportunities for students to make sense of the content through solving problems in science and mathematics by reading, speaking, listening, and writing. Early writing in science can focus on topic specific details as well use of domain specific vocabulary. Scaffold up as students begin writing arguments using evidence during middle school. In the early grades, science and mathematics aligns as students are learning to use measurements as well as representing and gathering data. As students’ progress into middle school, their use of variables and relationships between variables will be reinforced consistently in science class. Elements of the commonalities between science, mathematics and ELA are embedded in the standards, outcomes, content, and connections sections of the curriculum maps.

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Science Curriculum Maps Overview

The science maps contain components to ensure that instruction focuses students toward college and career readiness. The maps are centered around four basic components: the state standards and framework (Tennessee Curriculum Center), components of the 5E instructional model (performance tasks), scientific investigations (real world experiences), informational text (specific writing activities), and NGSS (science practices) At the end of the elementary science experience, students can observe and measure phenomena using appropriate tools. They are able to organize objects and ideas into broad concepts first by single properties and later by multiple properties. They can create and interpret graphs and models that explain phenomena. Students can keep notebooks to record sequential observations and identify simple patterns. They are able to design and conduct investigations, analyze results,

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and communicate the results to others. Students will carry their curiosity, interest and enjoyment of the scientific world view, scientific inquiry, and the scientific enterprise into middle school.

At the end of the middle school science experience, students can discover relationships by making observations and by the systematic gathering of data. They can identify relevant evidence and valid arguments. Their focus has shifted from the general to the specific and from the simple to the complex. They use scientific information to make wise decision related to conservation of the natural world. They recognize that there are both negative and positive implications to new technologies.

As an SCS graduate, former students should be literate in science, understand key science ideas, aware that science and technology are interdependent human enterprises with strengths and limitations, familiar with the natural world and recognizes both its diversity and unity, and able to apply scientific knowledge and ways of thinking for individual and social purposes. How to Use the Science Curriculum Maps

Tennessee State StandardsThe TN State Standards are located in the first three columns. Each content standard is identified as the following: grade level expectations, embedded standards, and outcomes of the grade/subject. Embedded standards are standards that allow students to apply science practices. Therefore, you will see embedded standards that support all science content. It is the teachers' responsibility to examine the standards and skills needed in order to ensure student mastery of the indicated standard.

ContentThe performance tasks blend content, practices, and concepts in science with mathematics and literacy. Performance tasks should be included in your plans. These can be found under the column content and/or connections. Best practices tell us that making objectives measureable increases student mastery.

ConnectionsDistrict and web-based resources have been provided in the Instructional Support and Resources column. The additional resources provided are supplementary and should be used as needed for content support and differentiation.

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

Standard 1 – Mechanics - 3 weeksCLE 3231.1.1 Investigate fundamental physical quantities of length, mass, and time.

Scaffolded (Unpacked) Ideas1. Units describe the base quantities of a measurement. There are many variations of units and systems of units.1. In the MKS system, meter is used for length, kilogram for mass, and second for time.3. Combinations of base units comprise derived units.4. The Newton is the SI unit of force and is a combination of base units representing time, mass, and length.5. The numerical value of a measurement is dependent upon the system of units employed.Systems that involve rotating components have analogous units.

Identify mass and weight data using units in the SI system

Convert measurements into scientific notation,

Distinguish between accuracy and precision

Interpret data in tables and graphs, and recognize equations that summarize data.

Use dimensional analysis to check the validity of equations.

Holt Physics – The Science of Physics - Chapter 1

Demonstration – Galileo’s Hypothesis – p. 8

Demonstration – Measurements – p. 10

Quick Lab – Metric Prefixes – p. 13

Practice Problems p. 15

Demonstration – Accuracy and Precision – p. 16

Demonstration – Significant Digits – p. 13

Graphing Calculator Practice p. 30

SciLinks: (www.scilinks.org)Models in Physics - Code: HF60977SI Units – Code: HF61390Graphing – Code: HF60686Orders of Magnitude – Code-HF61074

Academic VocabularyModel, system, hypothesis, controlled experiment, accuracy, precision, significant figures

Performance TasksThe Mars Climate Orbiter MissionStudents will read the article on page 13. Have students determine the distance from their home to school in miles. Then, have them calculate how far they would fall short of the school if they traveled the same number of kilometers along the same route. Students will explain the calculations.Mass of a Five Cent CoinCan you measure the mass of a five-cent coin with a bathroom scale? Record the mass in grams displayed by your scale as you place coins on the scale, one at a time. Then, divide each measurement by the number of coins to determine the approximate mass of a single-five cent coin, but remember to follow the rules for significant figures in calculations. Which estimate do you think is the most accurate? Which is the most precise? (Practice 5/ Literacy.RST.9-10.3

Standard 1 - 2 weeks

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

CLE 3231.1.4. Investigate kinematics and dynamics.

Scaffolded (Unpacked) Ideas1. Kinematics and dynamics involve the concepts of motion and forces.2. Investigations of motion and dynamics include the study of position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time.3. Rotational analogues to these parameters of motion can also be investigated.

SPI.3231.1.2 Given various examples of quantities, categorize them as scalar or vector quantities.

SPI.3231.1.4 Solve motion and conceptual problems regarding velocity, acceleration, and displacement using displacement-time graphs and velocity-time graphs.

Holt Physics – Motion in One Dimension - Chapter 2

Why it Matter – Conceptual Challenge – pp. 41, 45, 50

Demonstration – Displacement –p. 42

Practice Problems – pp. 44, 49, 53, 55, 57, 58, 63, 64

Demonstration – Acceleration – p. 48

Demonstration – Constant Acceleration – p. 51

Graphing Calculator Practice p. 73

Lab – Free –Fall Acceleration pp. 76-79

Assessment – pp. 74-75

Vernier –Activity # 1 Graph Matchinghttp://www2.vernier.com/sample_labs/PWV-01-COMP-graph_matching.pdf

Graph That MotionRefine your understanding of the graphical descriptions of motion as you match 11 position-time and velocity-time graphs to 11 on-screen animations. Once you've

Academic VocabularyFrame of reference, displacement, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration, free fallPerformance TasksCar’s MotionAsk students, the next time they are a passenger in a car to record the numbers displayed on the clock, the odometer, and the speedometer every 15 s for about 5 minutes. Students will create different representations of the car’s motion, including maps, charts, and graphs. Student will exchange their representation with another student what made a different trip based on his or her report. (Practice 5/ Literacy.RST.9-10.3)Velocities and AccelerationStudent will research typical values for velocities and acceleration of various objects. Include many examples, such as different animals, means of transportation, sport, continental drift, light, subatomic particles, and planets. Students will organize their finding for display on a poster or some other form.

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

completed the matching process, check your answers and receive immediate feedback. Answers can be revised until you have perfected your understanding.View: Animation || Activity SheetTry HTML5 Version of this Simulation

Graphing MotionPractice your skill at interpreting graphs. Ten different velocity-time graphs are presented; your goal is to enter motion parameters which will result in a motion which matches the graph.View: AnimationSciLink –www.scilinks.orgMotion – Code HF60996Acceleration – Code HF60007Galileo – Code HF60633Free Fall – Code HF60620

Standard 1 – Mechanics - 2 weeksCLE 3231.1.4. Investigate kinematics and dynamics.

SPI.3231.1.2 Given various examples of quantities, categorize them as scalar or

Holt Physics – Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors - Chapter 3

Academic VocabularyScalar, vector, resultant, components of a vector, projectile

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

Scaffolded (Unpacked) Ideas1. Kinematics and dynamics involve the concepts of motion and forces.2. Investigations of motion and dynamics include the study of position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time.3. Rotational analogues to these parameters of motion can also be investigated.

vector quantities.

SPI.3231.1.11 Given a projectile launched at an angle, select the correct equation from a list for calculating: the maximum height of travel, time of flight and/or the maximum horizontal distance covered.

SPI.3231.1.12 Given a scenario where a projectile is being launched at an angle, answer the following conceptual questions.• What is the velocity in the y direction when the projectile is at maximum height?• What acceleration does the projectile have in the x direction after launched.• What forces are acting on the projectile in the y direction before it reaches maximum height?

Demonstration – Vector Addition – p. 83

Practice Problems pp. 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105

Conceptual Challenge – p. 103

Quick Lab – Projectile Motion – p. 97

Inquiry Lab – Velocity of a Projectile – pp. 116-117

Vernier – Activity #2 – Back and Forth Motionhttp://www2.vernier.com/sample_labs/PWV-02-COMP-back_and_forth_motion.pdf

Aircraft Carriershttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/education/activities/2110_carrier.html

Assessment – pp. 114-115SciLinks: (www.scilinks.org) Vectors – Code HF61597 Projectile Motion –Code HF61223

motion

Performance TasksDisplacement VectorsStudents will work in cooperative groups to analyze a game of chess in terms of displacement of vectors. Students will make a model chessboard, and draw arrows showing all the possible moves for each piece as vectors made of horizontal and vertical components. Teams will then have two members of their group play the game while the others keep track of each piece’s move. Students will demonstrate how vector addition can be used to explain where a piece would be after several moves. (Practice 5/ Literacy.RST.11-12.3)Engineering DesignStudents are helping NASA engineers design a basketball court for a colony on the moon. How do you anticipate the ball’s motion compared with its motion on Earth? What changes will there be for the players – how they move and how they throw the ball? What changes would you recommend for the size of the court, the basket height, and other regulations in order to adapt the sport to the moon’s gravity? Students will create a presentation or a report presenting their suggestions, and include the

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

physics concepts behind their recommendations.

Standard 1 - Mechanics 2 weeksCLE 3231.1.2 Analyze and apply Newton’s three laws of motion.

Scaffolded (Unpacked) Ideas1. Newton defined force as a change in momentum.2. Momentum is the product of an object or systems mass multiplied by the object or systems velocity.3. The momentum of a system is always conserved.4. Physicists have organized Newton’s views into 3 laws of motion.The 1st law requires that net force must be acting on the particle or system to change its state of motion.The 2nd law requires that the net force acting on an object or system will be equal to the product of the mass of an object and its acceleration.The 3rd law asserts that when 2 or more objects are in direct or indirect contact, the forces exerted on each object are exactly the same.5. Forces and momenta are vector quantities.6. A vector is a mathematical concept where numerical magnitude and direction of the measured attribute are equally important.

SPI.3231.1.7 Select the correct vector diagram to illustrate all forces on an object affected by gravity, friction and an applied force.

SPI.3231.1.15 Calculate the gravitational attraction between two objects.

SPI.3231.1.16 Calculate the tangential velocity of a satellite’s motion given the angular speed.

SPI.3231.1.17 Solve problems for centripetal force, and angular acceleration.

.

Holt Physics – Circular Motion and Gravitation - Chapter 7

Demonstration – Centripetal Acceleration – p. 234

Practice Problems- pp. 235, 236, 237, 238, 246, 251, 257, 258

Conceptual Challenge – p. 239

Quick Lab – Gravitational Field Strength p. 245

Quick Lab – Kepler’s Third Law p. 249

Quick Lab – Elevator Acceleration p. 252

Quick Lab – Changing the Lever Arm – p. 255

Inquiry Lab – Machines and Efficiency pp. 270-271

Assessment – pp. 268-269

SciLinks: (www.scilinks.org)Gravity & Orbiting Objects – Code HF60692Torque – Code HF61538

Academic VocabularyCentripetal acceleration, Gravitational force, torque, lever arm

Performance TasksGravitational ForceStudents will research the historical development of the concept of gravitational force. Find out how scientists’ ideas about gravity have changed over time. Identify the contributions of different scientists, such as Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and Einstein. How did each scientist’s work build on the work of earlier scientists? Analyze, review, and critique the different scientific explanations of gravity. Focus on each scientist’s hypotheses and theories. What are their strengths? What are their weaknesses? What do you think about gravity now? Student should use scientific evidence and other information to support their answers. Students will write a report or prepare an oral presentation to share their conclusions. (Practice 8/ Literacy.RST.11-12.2)TorqueStudents will describe exactly which measurements they would need to

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State Standards Outcomes Content Connections

7. Numerical quantities where the direction is not relevant are called scalars, and include temperature, density, and time.8. Forces and momentum for rotating systems involve torque and angular momentum.9. Mass in these systems entails moments of inertia.10. Moments of inertia refer to how the object’s mass is distributed about the axis of rotation.11. The concept of impulse relates forces to changes in momentum.12. Different forces can cause the same changes to an object momentum depending upon how long the forces were acting on an object..

make in order to identify the torques at work during a ride on a specific bicycle. Their plans should include measurements they can make with equipment available to them. If others in the class analyzed different bicycle models, the students will compare the models for efficiency and mechanical advantage. Students will prepare a report that will include a summary and their measurements in a chart and graph.

ToolboxUnit 1.1 The Language of

PhysicsUnit 1.2 Motion in One Dimension Unit 1.3 Projectiles (2D) Unit 1.4 Centripetal Force,

Circular Motion,& GravityHyperPhysics Notes – Units & Dimensional Analysishttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/units.html

PhET Simulations(http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics) The Moving Man

PhET Simulations(http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics) Motion in 2D Projectile Motion

PhET Simulations(http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/physics) Balancing Act Gravity & Orbits

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The Physics Classroom Applets (Tutorials Available)(http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/index.cfm) 1D Kinematics

Shockwave Physics Studios (http://www.physicsclassroom.com/shwave/) Name that Motion Graph that Motion Graphing Motion

The Physics Classroom Lab Sheets(http://www.physicsclassroom.com/lab/) One Dimensional Kinematics

Walter-Fendt Applet – Constant Accelerationhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/acceleration.htm

The Physics Classroom Applets Vectors and ProjectilesThe Physics Classroom Quicktime Movies (at bottom of Multimedia Page) Vectors & Projectiles

Shockwave Physics Studios(http://www.physicsclassroom.com/shwave/ Two-Stage Rocket Riverboat Simulator Projectile Simulator Hit the TargetThe Physics Classroom Lab Sheets Vectors & ProjectilesVector Tutorialhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vect.htmlWalter-Fendt Applet – Vector Additionhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/resultant.htm

Walter-Fendt Applet – Vector Resolutionhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/forceresol.htm

Walter-Fendt Applet – Projectile Motionhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/projectile

Gravity Force Lab Ladybug Motion 2D Ladybug Revolution TorqueThe Physics Classroom Applets Circular, Satellite & Rotational MotionShockwave Physics Studios(http://www.physicsclassroom.com/shwave/) Uniform Circular Motion Gravitation Orbital Motion

The Physics Classroom Lab Sheets Circular Motion & Satellite MotionHyperPhysics Notes – Circular Motionhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/circ.html#circ

Walter-Fendt Applet – Levers/Torquehttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/lever.htmWalter-Fendt Applet – Circular Motionhttp://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/circmotion.htm

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