Current Status on GHG

Inventory for Agriculture

Bengkel Perancangan dan Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Teknikal Inventori GHG Bil.2/2013,

19 Disember 2013, Hotel Shangri-La, Putrajaya

Mohd Fairuz b. Md Suptian Research Officer

Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI)

Outline of presentation

Introduction

Malaysia’s GHG Inventory

GHG Agricultural Inventory

Status of activity data collection

Future Plans

Introduction:

Greenhouse Gas and Agriculture Globally

Agricultural lands occupy about 40 - 50% of the Earth’s

land surface.

Accounted for an estimated emission of 5.1 to 6.1

GtCO2-eq/yr in 2005 (10-12% of total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs))

Agricultural CH4 and N2O emissions have increased by

nearly 17% from 1990 to 2005, an average annual emission increase of about 60 MtCO2-eq/yr.

Introduction:

GHG and Agricultural Sector (Malaysia)

In 1994, GHG from agricultural activities estimated at

14.8% of CH4 and 13.3% of N2O from the total country

emission (INC, 2000).

In 2000, the sector contributed 3% of the total GHGs. -

the major emitter for N2O (agricultural soils; 60% and manure

management; 30%) and one of the main contributor of CH4 (emissions from rice production; 3.6% and from enteric fermentation in

domestic livestock; 1.8%) – (NC2, 2011).

Malaysia’s GHG Inventory

Sectoral

1. Energy – Green Tech Malaysia

2. Industrial Processes – Green Tech Malaysia

3. Waste – DOE

4. LULUCF – FRIM

5. Agriculture – MARDI

Agencies & Institutions in AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Coordinator (Data Compiler) :

Malaysian Agricultural Research & Development Institute (MARDI)

Stakeholders (Data Provider):

1. Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industries (MOA)

2. Department of Statistics (DOS)

3. Department of Agriculture (DOA)

4. Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)

5. Department of Fisheries (DOF)

6. Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB)

7. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

8. Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM)

9. Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board (MPIB)

10. Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA)

11. Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA)

12. Integrated Agriculture Development Area (IADA)

13. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)

AGRICULTURE SECTOR

New Stakeholders Starting 2013 (Data Provider) :

Department of Environment (DOE)

Universities

1) Fakulti Pertanian, UPM

2) Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Sumber, UniMAS

3) Sekolah Pertanian Lestari, UMS

NC2: Agriculture Inventory

1. Base year 2000

2. Submitted in 2011

3. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

4. Local activity data from various sources

5. Emission factors from IPCC defaults

6. Assumptions forwarded where necessary

7. Emissions was calculated using IPCC worksheets module 4

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

BUR: Agriculture Inventory

1. Base year 2011

2. Will be submitted in 2015

3. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

4. Local activity data from various sources

5. Emission factors from IPCC defaults - Preliminary

6. Assumptions will be forwarded where necessary

7. Emissions will be calculated using IPCC worksheets / ALU / NAIIS

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

GHG Agricultural Inventory (IPCC 1996 GL)

GHG Sources:

Domestic Livestock

Rice Cultivation

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Agricultural Soils

Prescribed Burning of Savannas

0%

22%16%

30%32%

Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils Enteric Fermentation

Manure Management Agriculture Burning

The partitioning of agriculture GHG inventory in 2000 (NC2; 2011)

Agriculture Inventory

1. Domestic Livestock

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

i) Enteric Fermentation

Digestive system:

- Ruminant (e.g. cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep)

- Pseudo-ruminant (e.g. horses)

- Monogastric (e.g. swine)

Feed intake:

- Animal size

- Growth rate

- Production (e.g. milk, wool, pregnancy)

ii) Manure Managements

Decomposition of organic material in an anaerobic conditions

- Number of animals

- Amount per animal

>>> How the waste is managed <<<

Agriculture Inventory - Livestock Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

1. IPCC Listing

• Dairy Cattle

• Non-dairy Cattle

• Buffalo • Sheep

• Goats

• Camels

• Horses

• Mules and Asses

• Swine

• Poultry

2. Manure Managements

Anaerobic Lagoon

Liquid system

Daily Spread

Solid storage and Drylot

Pasture Range and Paddock

Fuels

Others

IPCC Water Regimes

- Upland

- Lowland

- Irrigated - Continuously flooded

- Intermittently flooded

- Rainfed

- Deep water rice

Agriculture Inventory

: Flooded Rice

Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines

AGRICULTURE GHG INVENTORY MEETING

1. 31 Jan 2013 – MARDI HQ (Serdang)

Number of participants: 25

AGRICULTURE GHG INVENTORY WORKSHOP

1. 1-2 July 2013 – Mines Wellness Hotel

Number of participants: 23

ACTIVITIES DONE IN 2013

STATUS OF ACTIVITY DATA COLLECTION

Domestic Livestock

Main source of data collected is from livestock national statistic provided by DVS

Collection of activity data (annual population of domestic livestock) – complete collected for 2005 – 2010

No national activity data for manure management published

there is little problem in completing data requirements for enhanced livestock categories in ALU Software :

i. data requirements too detailed ii. some terms used are confusing

Plan for next activities for livestock

Further discussions will be held for a final decision on whether to continue with Tier 2 (enhanced categories in ALU) or to stick with Tier 1 (basic) depending on data availability

We are intended to seek the cooperation from

universities doing researches related to emission factors – to gather informations; relevant data and their expert opinions

Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)

– Enteric Methane

Source Subsource Population Quantity (Gg CH4)

CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Enteric methane 2005 161619904 39.9 837.85 2006 185526208 46.15 969.07

2007 200827808 49.61 1041.8

2008 205754592 50.95 1069.91 2009 240960096 50.53 1061.11

2010 231518000 49.28 1034.78

Source Subsource Quantity (Gg

CH4) CO2 equivalents

(Gg)

Manure Methane 2005 16.77 352.26

2006 21.35 448.45

2007 21.94 460.66

2008 20.12 422.57

2009 21.61 453.81

2010 21.65 454.6

– Manure Methane

Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)

– Manure Nitrous Oxide

Source Subsource Quantity (Gg

N2O) CO2 equivalents

(Gg)

Manure Nitrous Oxide 2005 3.324 1030.478

2006 3.827 1186.445

2007 4.21 1305.138

2008 4.355 1350.019

2009 4.951 1534.687

2010 4.965 1539.281

Rice Cultivation

Data providers are MADA, KADA, IADA, DOA and MARDI National statistics only reported for rice planted in

granary areas (planted twice a year) Areas outside the granary normally planted single

cropping a year during the main season (rainy season) that totally dependent on rainfall.

No farmers purposely practice mid-season drainage either for single aeration or multiple aeration.

Status: completed for 2005 & 2010

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Local experts indicate that there was no burning activity for FL, WL, GL, ST & OL

In Croplands, burning activity identified to be reported for BUR is from rice fields. However, the hectarage is too small (15ha). Most of burning activities of agricultural waste in Malaysia reported as illegal (DOE expert)

Rice straw in rice fields is burned only during off season (dry weather condition)

Data providers are MADA, KADA, IADA, MARDI and DOE

Data Analysis using ALU Software (Preliminary)

Source Year Area Quantity (Gg CH4)

CO2 equivalents (Gg)

Rice Methane 2005 881922 176.38 3704.07

2010 857442 171.49 3601.26

Agricultural Soils

Data providers are MPOB, MRB, DOA, MARDI, DOF, MADA, KADA, IADA

Data from FAOStat also will be used Local experts indicate that there were no lime

and urea application for FL, ST, OL Status: incomplete

Issues on data collecting for agricultural

soils

• Difficulties in obtaining comprehensive data on total

fertilizer and liming usage in Malaysia. Particularly dealing with the amount on imports, exports and local

productions.

• Current data on fertilizers are specific (fertilizer types etc) only on the amount of export and import. Data on

local fertilizer production needs to be consulted with

industrial key players such as Petronas Fertilizers, NAFAS

and other companies.

• For liming, amount for non-soil uses is difficult to be

quantified. Lime is also being largely used for other

industries as well.

Future Plans Round-table meetings/workshops with each of Sub-

category(livestock, rice, agricultural soils) in agriculture sector separately.

Continue on data collection

Data key-in : ALU / UNFCCC / NAIIS Software ??

Verification of data collected and emission factors used

~ TERIMA KASIH ~