current issues in inclusive education

By Hathib k.k.

Current Issues in Inclusive Education

Now inclusive education has got a wider dimension that it includes providing education not only for differently abledchildren but also for the children from marginalized and socially excluded communities together with other children in normal school set up. Let’s look at the present Indian Scenario in this regard.

By Hathib k.k.

What is Marginalization?

Marginalization is forcing a person or a particular group of a particular society to be away from the mainstream of the society by denying him or it all the rights and opportunities for developing himself or itself by getting education and participating in such developmental activities.

By Hathib k.k.

Discrimination is treating different categories of people of a society or group in different manner that some categories among them are treated with injustice and prejudice by denying them privileges that are offered to the other categories because of some hidden causes .

What is Social Discrimination?By Hathib k.k.

Social Exclusion is making a person or a particular group of a particular society out of the social order by denying them even the most primary human rights. It is a severe than marginalization that in marginalization, such groups enjoy the basic rights, though they are forced to remain at a corner of the society without getting opportunity for developing themselves, as the privileged groups do.

What is Social Exclusion?By Hathib k.k.

It is clear that Marginalization and Social Exclusion Occur When there is Social Discrimination

By Hathib k.k.

The following slides discuss the provisions and privileges that Indian Constitution offers to the marginalized groups as a part of Positive Discrimination Policy. These provisions proclaim that there should be inclusion of all such marginalized sections and differently abled children in normal schools.

By Hathib k.k.

Article 14

The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

By Hathib k.k.

Article 14Actually Says

That all the people should not be treated in the same manner, but people belong to same circumstances should be treated in the same manner.eg. Each person should not be taxed by the same standard, but the people of the same circumstances should be taxed by the same standard

By Hathib k.k.

Hence Article 14 Does say

That all the people should not be considered for admission for educational institution or appointment for the govt. sector on the basis of same criteria, but people of same circumstances shall be considered on the basis of same criteria

By Hathib k.k.

So its clear that Artic14 Offers special privileges for the Marginalized Groups

By Hathib k.k.

Article 15 (3)

Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children ( Actually the Article is for Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. How ever, on the basis of this the state should not hesitate to offer special provisions for such people)

By Hathib k.k.

Article 15 (4)

Nothing in this article or in clause ( 2 ) of Article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes ( clause ( 2 ) of Article 29 says that no citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them)

By Hathib k.k.

So the Indian Constitution says that the state shall not misinterpret the main clause of the Article 15 and clause (2) of the Article 29 for denying the

special provision for the marginalized ones.

By Hathib k.k.

Article 17

Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden The enforcement of any disability arising out of Untouchability shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law

By Hathib k.k.

So Article 17 strictly prohibits segregation on the basis of religion or cast or such issue in classrooms and school campuses, which often make students from such circumstances stop their education

uncompleted .

By Hathib k.k.

Article 30 (1)

All minorities, whether

based on religion or

language, shall have the

right to establish and

administer educational

institutions of their choice

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Article 30 (2)

The state shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language

By Hathib k.k.

So Article 30 ensures that the people of Minority groups also get enough opportunity for gaining proper education so that to be a part of the

mainstream .

By Hathib k.k.

Article 350 (A)

It shall be the endeavor of every State and of every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups; and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.

By Hathib k.k.

S497 of the Indian

Penal Code

Whoever has sexual intercourse with a person who is and whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the wife of another man, without the consent or connivance of that man, such sexual intercourse not amounting to the offence of rape, is guilty of the offence of adultery, and shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both. In such case the wife shall not be punishable as an abettor.

By Hathib k.k.

So S497 of IPC says that people of different circumstances may not be treated in the same manner

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Let’s see the reservation of seats for the marginalized groups in different Educational Institutions

By Hathib k.k.

Government Colleges

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Open Quota Reservation

Distribution of Total Seats

By Hathib k.k.

Government Colleges

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

SEBC EBFC SC/ST

8% 10%

15%

7%

5%

1%1%

3%

Distribution of Reserved Seats Out of 50 % of the Total Seats

EZ

MU

LCOBX

OBH

SC

ST

SEBC( Socially & Educationally

Backward Classes)

EBFC ( Economically Backward

Among Forward communities)

SC/ST( Scheduled Cast &

Scheduled Tribes)

EZ ( Ezhave) ,MU ( Muslim)

LC ( Latin Cathelic)

OBX( Other Backward

Christians)

OBH( Other Backward Hindus)

SC( Scheduled Cast)

ST ( Scheduled Tribe)

By Hathib k.k.

Government Colleges By Hathib k.k.

Mandatory reservation in Aided & Affiliated Colleges

50%

15%5% 10%

20%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Forward Community colleges

40%

15%5%

20% 20%

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

Minority Community colleges

By Hathib k.k.

Mandatory reservation in Aided & Affiliated Colleges

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Reservation in Self financing Programmes

65%

8%2% 9% 8% 2% 1% 5%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

By Hathib k.k.

Reservation in Self financing Programmes

By Hathib k.k.

The National Curriculum Framework ( NCF) of 2005 has forwarded strict criteria for framing curriculum without having any sort of gender bias.

By Hathib k.k.

Still Inclusion of Children with diverse needs is yet to be realized-Why?( Barriers before Inclusion or Factors behind the lack of Inclusion)

Hesitation of Concerned Authority in Implementing the Constitutional rights and directions

The reservations are taken away or high jacked away by undeserving people

Lack of awareness among the parents of children from such communities and sections about their rights & provisions

Lack of Infra structural accessibility at educational institutions

Lack of teachers capable of handling such children with positive attitude and special measures.

Curricular activities beyond their capacities and perspectives

Negative attitudes of teachers towards such children

Avoidance by peer students inside and outside the classroom

Negative attitude of the parents of the normal children towards the marginalized & differently abledchildren

Negative attitude of society towards such children

Measures to be taken for the inclusion of Children with diverse needs( Marginalized and differently abledchildren) in the normal educational system

Concerned authority should be sincere and committed enough to implement the constitutional rights and provisions without considering the loop holes and technicalities

The authority should ensure that reservations are not high jacked and not wrongly distributed by implementing accurate verification mechanism and severe actions against those who violate such rights and provisions.

The parents and families of such children should be made aware of such provisions and rights through awareness programmes and advertisements on printed and electronic media.

Each institution should offer all the infra structural facilities needed for such children without any sort of failure.

Trainees of mainstream teacher education centres also should be provided skills for handling such children

Special curricular adaptations should be taken for the sake of children with diverse needs.

Teachers should be directed to keep positive attitude towards such children. Severe actions should be taken against those teachers who segregate or torture such children

The normal students should be made ready to mingle with children from marginalized groups and differently abled children

Parents of normal children also should be provided awareness classes in this regard.

Making use of whole school approach i.e. arranging the school activities and schedules with a broad aim of incorporating health and well being of the students regardless to any sort of difference in their nature or status

Making use of community based education i.e to seek the community organizations to provide formal and informal education at practical level.

Creating a positive social attitude towards disability and differently abled and marginalized children

Role of Different Social Institutions in Inclusive Education.

Role of Different SocialInstitutions in Inclusive Education.

Family

1. Giving all the support and extra attention2. Frequent visits to the school3. Getting training for handling the children4. Active communication with the teachers5. Ensuring that their children are not

tortured6. Accompanying the children when ever it is

needed


Peer Group

1. Avoiding bullying or mocking2. Avoiding isolating or segregating3. Collaborate Learning4. Cross Age Peer Support5. Forming Partners6. Technical Support7. Sharing Study Materials


Teachers

1. Preparing special strategy for handling such children

2. Assisting them to enjoy the provisions for them3. Giving them extra time for clarifying doubts4. Making use of culturally responsive pedagogy5. Regular consulting with special teachers-speech

therapy, psycho therapy, occupational therapy


Teachers1. Keep the data base of the children with special

needs2. Sharing Study Materials3. Regular communication with their parents4. Updating knowledge on special technologies5. Making the learners know their strengths &

weaknesses6. Make the learners aware of different technologies

to cope up with different disabilities.7. Implementing learner friendly evaluation


Administrators/policy makers

1. Ensuring that the constitutional rights are accurately implemented

2. Introducing new schemes for such children3. Providing them special infra structural facilities4. Providing scholarships.5. Providing financial support to families of such

children6. Offering employment to parents of such children7. Offering multi cultural education8. Implementing multi-grade teaching

It is a system of education in which, histories, culture, philosophies etc. of different people are taught together

It is a system of education in which a single teacher teaches different grades of students.

Thank You