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Page 1: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 1

Current Hot Topics in

Mergers & Acquisition

September 2019

Page 2: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Wipfli Corporate Finance Advisors Overview

Page 3: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 3

IT Consulting

Industry ERP Solutions

CRM, Workflow,

Collaboration, Analytics

Custom Applications and

Web Development

Technology Management and

Support

WCF Advisors LLC:

Part of the Wipfli LLP UmbrellaWCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm of Wipfli LLP, an 80 year-old CPA and Consulting firm based in the upper Midwest.

$375+ million of revenue and over 60,000 clients

200+ partners across six industry groups and ten service lines

Audit &

Accounting

Audit, review & compilation

Financial reporting & cost

accounting systems

Internal audits

Tax

Full suite of planning,

compliance & audit

assistance

Specific tax incentives: R&D

credit, Cost segregation, etc.

Employee Benefit

Services

Record keeping

IRS and DOL compliance

Plan audit services

Investment advisory

Plan design & documents

Other

HR Consulting

Human resource review

Personnel selection

Compensation system design

Retirement and benefits

planning

Management development

Other

Wealth Management

Personal and private tax and

financial planning for

individuals

Professional fee-only advisor

Valuation, Forensic &

Litigation Services

Transaction support / due

diligence

Fraud, forensic & litigation

support

Financial reporting valuations

Projections & forecasts

Risk Management

Business continuity planning

Construction & contract audit

WipfliWatch line

Risk assessment

Compliance consulting

SAS 70

Other

WCF Advisors LLC

M&A advisory services

Capital raising services

Financial advisory services

Business Advisory

Services

Strategy & growth consulting

Operations & organization

consulting

Start-up business services

Outsourced accounting

personnel

Other

Page 4: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 4

Wipfli LLP: Extensive Reach

228 Partners

2,000+ associates

45 U.S. offices

2 India offices

60,000+ clients

$375+ million

revenue

Page 5: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 5

WCF Overview

We offer a full suite of transaction and advisory services to middle market companies and capital providers

Corporate Finance Services

Merger & Acquisition:

$10-$500 million EV

Business unit and company sales

Acquisitions - searches,

structuring, due diligence

Mergers

Management buyouts

Capital Raising:

$5-$150 million TV

Senior debt

Sub/Mezzanine debt

Equity

Financial Advisory Services:

Strategic M&A Planning for

Sellers & Buyers

Optimal Capital Structure

Analysis

Strategic Funding Plans

Business Valuation Services

Transition Planning

Strategic Business Planning

Target Market

Profitable middle market companies

• $10 - $500 million in revenue

• Cash flow positive ($1 million of EBITDA or greater)

Primarily core sectors (manufacturing, distribution, business services, etc.)

Page 6: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

The WCF Team

6

Robert Meyer

Vice President

Chicago, IL

312-801-5318 office

312-489-3030 mobile

Robert Meyer

Managing Director,

Investment Banking

Chicago, IL

312-801-5318 office

312-489-3030 mobile

Kevin Janke

Managing Director

Wausau, WI

FI Specialty

715-845-3111 office

715-571-1340 mobile

Karen Monfre

Managing Director

Green Bay, WI

Industry Generalist

920-662-2802 office

920-609-3657 mobile

Holly Kuffel

Associate

Milwaukee, WI

414-290-8042 office

920-615-5696 mobile

Cameron Karlen

Associate

Milwaukee, WI

414-431-9381 office

920-422-0951 mobile

Paul Ouweneel

Vice President

Milwaukee, WI

414-431-9387 office

262-894-5855 mobile

Zach MasserantAssociate

Chicago, IL

312-205-0948 office248-946-1407 mobile

Leadership Team

Supporting Team

Page 7: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Robert Meyer

Managing Director

7

Senior Investment Banking Professional with capital raising and M&A experience across all phases of a company’s lifecycle

Leveraging over 20 years of experience in investment banking, Robert has advised on numerous

M&A and financing transactions across many industry verticals with entities of all sizes. Robert is

sought after for his vast experience in many aspects of corporate finance including mergers and

acquisitions, private equity, commercial lending, corporate development, and internal finance. He

has served as a CFO, which enables him to have a thorough understanding of a client’s most

important considerations

Areas of Focus:

Merger and Acquisition Advisory (Sell side)

Merger and Acquisition Advisory (Buy side)

Equity capital raising

Debt capital raising

University of Chicago, Booth School of Business

Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree - Graduated with honors

University of Michigan, Ross School of Business

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree – Graduated with distinction

Page 8: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Over past 30 years advised on numerous transactions across multiple sectors with aconcentration in manufacturing and distribution.

Highly sought after consultant and advisor with a loyal client following in the Midwest

Designations:

FINRA Series 63 and Series 79 license holder

Certified Public Accountant

Certified financial planner (inactive)

Accredited by the American Society of Appraisers as a senior appraiser

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Bachelor of Business Administration (MBA) degree – Accounting and Computer InformationSystems

8

Senior Corporate Finance Professional with over 30 years of transactional experience.

Karen Monfre

Managing Director

Page 9: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Paul Ouweneel

Vice President

Paul has spent over 13 years assisting clients in selling their privately owned business or helpingthem expand through acquisition. Paul’s time is spent exclusively executing sell-side merger andacquisition advisory, buy-side merger and acquisition advisory, valuation, and relatedengagements. Paul is highly sought after for his intense client focus and technical skills.

Designations:

FINRA Series 63 and Series 79 license holder

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)

Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

Certified Financial Planner™ Professional

University of Wisconsin-Whitewater

Master of Professional Accountancy – Emphasis in Finance

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree – Accounting

Investment banking professional with over 13 years of M&A and related experience.

9

Page 10: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

M&A Update

Page 11: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 11

M&A Update

Significant Capital

Looking for Deals

• Over $1.77 trillion of cash on corporate balance sheets

• Private equity fundraising remains robust with over $190 billion raised last year

• Proliferation of roll up strategies – looking deeper for opportunities

Stable

Macroeconomic

Conditions

• Public markets continue to show resiliency into Q3 2019

• Private market sentiment generally less volatile than public markets, but correlated

• Optimistic middle market business growth forecasts for 2019

Relatively Strong

Debt Markets

• Banks are still aggressive, but beginning to scrutinize deals more closely

• Rates remain near historic lows

• Proliferation of non-bank lenders

• Subordinate debt aggressively looking to be deployed

Multiples are High

• Multiples are near historical highs for the middle market

• Strong demand for companies with above average financial performance and quality

management teams

• Sellers are getting more comfortable going to market

Valuations remain near all time highs, with significant demand for quality businesses.

Page 12: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 12

M&A Update

Strategic acquirers continue to exhibit a strong appetite for deals below $25 million.

Source: FactSet

25%

14%12% 12%

14%

9%

6%8%

26%

14%11%

14% 13%

8%6%

8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Under $10M $10M to $24.9M $25M to $49.9M $50M to $99.9M $100M to$249.9M

$250M to$499.9M

$500M to$999.9M

$1 Billion +

De

al C

ou

nt (%

)

Deal Size ($)

LTM 7/31/2019 LTM 7/31/2018

Page 13: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 13

M&A Update

Private equity deal activity continues to remain at cycle highs.

Source: Pitchbook

$3

16

.3

$1

42

.3

$2

81

.0

$3

36

.5

$3

79

.2

$4

38

.5

$5

31

.4

$5

61

.9

$6

04

.8

$6

17

.8

$7

27

.0

$2

97

.1

2,762

1,927

2,779

3,179

3,5593,440

4,2814,446 4,452

4,725

5,180

2,142

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

$0

$150

$300

$450

$600

$750

$900

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*

Deal C

ount

Deal V

alu

e (

$ B

illio

ns)

Deal value ($B) Estimated deal value ($B) Deal count Estimated deal count

Page 14: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 14

M&A Update

The ability to earn higher risk-adjusted returns has resulted in increased private equity deal

activity for companies with enterprises values under $25 million.

Source: Pitchbook

* As of 6/30/2019

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019*

Deal C

ount $2.5B+

$1B-$2.5B

$500M-$1B

$100M-$500M

$25M-$100M

Under $25M

Page 15: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 15

M&A Update

Enterprise value multiples remain resilient, near cycle highs across all deal sizes.

TEV

2003 -

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

YTD

2019 Total N =

10-25 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.3 5.9 6.4 5.7 1,272

25-50 6.2 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.9 7.1 6.3 964

50-100 6.7 7.8 7.2 8.2 8.9 7.2 7.2 664

100-250 7.3 9 8.9 9.1 8.8 9.3 8.0 331

Total 6.1 6.7 6.7 7.3 7.3 7.2 6.4

N = 2,111 245 235 253 261 126 3,231

Source: GF Data

Page 16: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 16

M&A Update

Buyers are willing to pay up for above-average(1) performing companies.

TEV/EBITDA - Buyouts with Above-Average Financial Characteristics

TEV

2003 -

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

YTD

2019 Total N =

10-25 5.5 6.1 5.8 6.7 6.3 7.0 5.8 577

25-50 6.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.3 6.5 476

50-100 6.8 8.6 7.7 8.6 9.7 7.5 7.5 344

100-250 7.7 10.0 9.7 9.7 8.9 9.8 8.7 170

Total 6.2 7.3 7.2 7.8 7.9 7.6 6.7

N = 996 122 116 130 140 63 1,567

Source: GF Data

(1) Above averaged defined by GF Data as companies have both revenue growth rates and TTM EBITDA margins above 10% or one above 12% and the other metric above 8%.

Page 17: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 17

M&A Update

Industry will affect multiple with less-cyclical and/or higher growth industries commanding

a premium.

Source: GF Data

TEV/EBITDA - By Industry Category

Industry

2003 -

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

YTD

2019 Total N =

Manufacturing 5.9 6.6 6.1 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.1 1,372

Business Services 6.1 6.4 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.5 6.5 632

Health Care Services 6.8 7.7 7.6 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.2 308

Retail 6.4 5.5 7.0 7.6 7.0 9.2 6.6 99

Distribution 6.1 6.7 7.5 7.7 7.1 7.0 6.5 323

Media & Telecom 7.2 6.4 6.6 8.2 8.6 NA 7.2 50

Technology 6.8 8.0 7.4 10.2 9.6 10.8 7.8 105

Other 5.8 5.6 6.9 6.5 7.1 6.1 6.1 342

N = 3,231

Page 18: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Leverage Update

Page 19: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 19

Leverage Update

Strong appetite on the part of lenders continues to support leverage multiples.

Debt Multiples

2015 2016 2017 2018 YTD 2019

Sr. Debt/EBITDA 3.0x 3.0x 3.4x 3.0x 3.4x

Sub Debt/EBITDA 0.9x 0.8x 0.8x 0.9x 0.7x

3.0x 3.0x3.4x

3.0x3.4x

0.9x 0.8x

0.8x

0.9x0.7x

0.0x

0.5x

1.0x

1.5x

2.0x

2.5x

3.0x

3.5x

4.0x

4.5x

2015 2016 2017 2018 YTD 2019

Sr. Debt/EBITDA Sub Debt/EBITDA

Source: GF Data

Page 20: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 20

Leverage Update

Leveraged lending markets have sparked deal activity and supported equity contributions

of just over 50% for PE backed deals in 2019.

Source: Pitchbook

0.x

2.x

4.x

6.x

8.x

10.x

12.x

14.x

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Buyo

ut

Multip

les (

x)

Debt/EBITDA Equity/EBITDA EV/EBITDA

Page 21: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 21

Leverage Update

Steady demand for the loan asset class has pushed pricing lower in the second quarter of

2019, though spreads remained well above year-ago levels.

Source: Mergermarket

0

100

200

300

400

500

1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Weig

hte

d A

vera

ge S

pre

ad (

bps)

Page 22: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Deal Terms Update

Page 23: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 23

Deal Terms Update

Buyers are negotiating higher levels of escrow, driven by concerns about the age of the

current M&A cycle.

Source: Seyfarth Shaw Middle-Market M&A 2017 - 2019 Survey Books

27%

13%

8%

13%

6%8%

25%

16%

28%

16%

32%

39%

14%

23%

17%

5%

10%

0%0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2016 2017 2018

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

eals

Surv

eye

d P

rovi

din

g

for

Indem

nity

Escro

w

Escrow Amount as a Percentage of Purchase Price

Indemnity Escrow Amount

<5% 5% >5% - <10% 10% >10% - 15% >15%

Page 24: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 24

Deal Terms Update

Rep & warranty insurance continues to gain traction in the M&A community, usually

resulting in lower negotiated escrows.

Source: Seyfarth Shaw Middle-Market M&A 2019 Survey Book

8%

87%

8%

0%

28%

5%

39%

5%

17%

0%0%3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

No R&W Insurance R&W Insurance

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

eals

Surv

eye

d P

rovi

din

gfo

r In

dem

nity

Escro

w

Escrow Amount as a Percentage of Purchase Price

2018 Indemnity Escrow Amounts

<5% 5% >5% - <10% 10% >10% - 15% >15%

Page 25: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 25

Deal Terms Update

As the current M&A cycle matures, negotiated escrow periods have increased.

Source: Seyfarth Shaw Middle-Market M&A 2017 - 2019 Survey Books

15%

0% 0%

30%29%

22%

2%

14%

22%

37% 36%

50%

0% 0% 0%

13% 14%

6%

3%

7%

0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2016 2017 2018

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

eals

Surv

eye

d P

rovi

din

g

for

Indem

nity

Escro

w

Escrow Period (Months)

Indemnity Escrow Period

<12 12 >12 - <18 18 >18 - <24 24 >24

Page 26: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 26

Deal Terms Update

As escrow percentages have increased in recent years, rep & warranty survival periods

have actually declined.

Source: Seyfarth Shaw Middle-Market M&A 2017 - 2019 Survey Books

12%

7%

14%

21%23%

31%

21%

30%

21%

39%

29%

31%

0% 0% 0%

5%

8%

2%1%

3%

1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2016 2017 2018

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

eals

Surv

eye

d

Length of Survival Period (Months)

Representation & Warranty Survival Period

<12 12 >12 - <18 18 >18 - <24 24 >24

Page 27: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 27

Deal Terms Update

Overall, observed indemnity cap percentages have declined during the past few years.

Source: Seyfarth Shaw Middle-Market M&A 2017 - 2019 Survey Books

19%

4%

8%

21%

19%

27%

17%

39%

34%

16% 15%

9%

13%

10% 9%

5%

3% 2%2%

5%

8%6%

5%

2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2016 2017 2018

Perc

enta

ge o

f D

eals

Surv

eye

d P

rovi

din

gfo

r In

dem

nity

Cap

Cap Size as a Percentage of Purchase Price

Indemnity Cap Size

<5% 5 - 10% 10% >10% - <15% 15% >15% - <20% 20% >20%

Page 28: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Current Buyer Hot Button Issues

Page 29: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC 29

Current Buyer Hot Buttons

Value Drivers

Size

Growth

Margin

Cycle Risk

Performance during last downturn

Management Continuity

Quality of Earnings

Page 30: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

War Stories

30

M&A Company Sales

• Project Bolt

‒ Family dynamics

‒ Lumpy revenue

‒ Construction exposure

• Project Snap

‒ Blue-chip industry

‒ Large market size

‒ Tariffs

‒ Domestic manufacturing

• Project Medinah

‒ Disparate business lines

‒ Tariffs

‒ Supplier risk

‒ Cycle risk

has been acquired by

The undersigned acted as Financial Advisor to

Product Support Solutions, Inc. in connection

with this transaction

‒ Limited financial buyer interest

‒ Declining market share and business performance

‒ Industry being rolled-up

‒ Above average margin

‒ Attractive revenue mix

In Market

has been acquired by

The undersigned acted as Financial Advisor to

Product Support Solutions, Inc. in connection

with this transaction

Page 31: Current Hot Topics in Mergers & Acquisition PD... · Part of the Wipfli LLP Umbrella WCF Advisors LLC (“WCF”) is the Investment Banking and Corporate Finance arm ... Cost segregation,

© WCF Advisors LLC

Questions? Comments . . .

31

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© WCF Advisors LLC 32

www.wcfadvisors.com

This information should not be construed as a recommendation, offer to sell, or solicitation of an offer to buy a particular security or investment strategy. The commentary provided is for informational purposes only

and should not be relied on for accounting, legal, or tax advice. While the information is deemed reliable, Wipfli Corporate Finance Advisors, LLC cannot guarantee its accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any

purpose, and makes no warranties with regard to the results to be obtained from its use. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

Registered Representatives of Rippe & Kingston Capital Advisors, Inc., 1077 Celestial Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, phone: 513.241.1375, a broker dealer registered with the SEC and FINRA. Member

SIPC. Investment banking and corporate finance advice offered through Rippe & Kingston Capital Advisors, Inc. Wipfli Corporate Finance Advisors, LLC is a subsidiary of Wipfli LLP. Certain accounting, tax,

business advisory and other services are provided by Wipfli LLP.