current and future skills in am

Project No. 601217-EPP-1-2018-1-BE-EPPKA2-SSA-B

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

1

Current and future skills in AM

1st SAM Expert‘s workshop, 27th February 2020

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and theCommission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 2

Which Professional Profiles, Qualifications and

Skills in AM are required by the Industry?

What are the trends in terms of AM technology

Developments?

Preliminary findings


4 target groups

WHO? SCENARIOS WHY?

INDUSTRY/EMPLOYERS Scenarios 1,2&3 (6 months, 2 years, future).

Although the future /foresight scenario would be an optional question

To find out their needs with regards

AM skills and identify possible

existing gaps at present and future

RESEARCH / TECH. CENTERS

Scenarios 1, 2&3

To find out new technologies are

appearing, and consequently which

skills are required

TRAINING CENTERS Scenarios 1&2

To map and identify the current and future training offer, which

combined with Industry/employers and Research Centers needs

enables to determine skills gaps

CURRENT WORKFORCE/ PROFESSIONALS

Scenarios 1 and 2- which are the end users (and here

we include the trainees as well)

To find out the needs with regards

to technical skills

Surveys and Interviews


During the data collection and feedback phase, the

gathered skills’ gaps and shortages will be framed

according to different scenarios:

- Scenario 1: Real case, to addressed in less than 6 months.

- Scenario 2: Short-term, to be addressed in less than 2 years.

- Scenario 3: Foresight scenarios, to be addressed in 10 years.


10 Professionalprofiles

Professional Profile (Roles) Description

AM Designer(Professionals that are able to design parts

optimised for function, cost and

manufacture.)

Design AM solutions for specific AM process ensuring and validating that parts

can be made cost-effective and efficiently.

Validate specific AM process design projects by verifying requirements for

production with engineer as well as process requirements, ensuring liaison

with other technical areas to sign of drawings.

AM Process Engineer(Professionals that are able to create the

manufacturing process for the efficient

production and post-processing of additively

manufactured parts.)

Develop and execute Specific AM Process plans including validation of design,

implementation, pre and post processing operations, assurance of parts

conformity and identification of the causes and the corrective actions of

technical production problems;

Coordinate the tasks distribution between the operators according to the

workplan as well as manage the link between them and the management.

AM Inspector(Professionals that are able to define and

carry out inspection of additively

manufactured parts)

Carry out quality assessments and inspection of AM parts.

Interpret DT and NDT reports

Inspection TechnicianCarry out the dimensional inspection of complex geometries of additively

manufactured parts to the clients requirements

NDT TechnicianCarry out the safe and reliable non-destructive testing of complex geometry

additively manufactured parts.

AM SupervisorSupervise AM production on shop floor ensuring quality and HSE procedures

AM Coordinator – at the Engineer levelEvaluate manufacturing suitability for customers' requests defining which

processes are fit for the request, based on the application, material, design

and cost of the part. Coordinate the work with AM team.

Metrology EngineerUse their comprehensive knowledge of metrology to specify the optimal

measurement method to meet the functional and manufacturing

requirements of the part

Materials EngineerUse their comprehensive knowledge of materials to specify the optimal

material to meet the functional and manufacturing requirements of the part

and implement material handling processes for the entire material life cycle

AM Operator / Technician(Professionals that are able to carry out the

safe and reliable production and simple post-

processing of additively manufactured parts.)

Operate AM machines, including fitting and setting up, maintenance and

specific repairs.


AM skills: categories

Lists of the different types of skills

TechnologicalEntrepreneurship

Digital Green

AM processes Spotting opportunitiesDigital data analysis (Artificial

intelligence/ machine learning...)

Resource efficiency

management

Simulation CreativityDigital data management (big data,

statistics,…) Green awareness

Topology optimisation Vision Ability to think in 3D LCA

CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning)

for AMValuing ideas Cybersecurity

Eco-Design

Design (CAD Modelling) Ethical and sustainable thinking Coding / programming Circular Economy

Structural integrity Self-awareness and self-efficacy Green resources

Materials analysis and characterisation Motivation and preserverance Green products

Pre-processing & material handling Mobilising resources

Post-processing Financial and economic literacy

Destructive and Non-destructive testing Mobilising others

Certification and Validation Taking the initiative

Tolerances/Testing/quality

control/metrologyPlanning and management

EHS Coping with ambiguity, uncertainty and risk

Standardisation Working with others

Robotics/automation Learning through experience

SensingAM applications

AM Equipment Acquisition

AM machine and feedstock handling


AM skills

Industry SURVEY


12.20%

23.78%

42.07%

6.71%

15.24%

Type of organization

Start-up

SME

Large company

Industrial association

Other (please specify)

Answers: 164

Main type: large companies

Main Countries: Germany ,

Spain and Romania

4%

5%

2%

1%

1%

8%

14%

2%

1%

2%7%

1%

3%

1%

1%14%

3%

13%

2%

6%

4%

7%

Countries Austria Belgium

Bulgaria Canada

China Croatia

Czech Republic Denmark

Estonia Finland

France Germany

Greece Hungary

Ireland Italy

Japan Latvia

Lithuania Luxembourg

Malta Netherlands

Poland Portugal

Republic of Cyprus Romania

Slovakia Slovenia

Spain Sweden

Turkey United Kingdom

USA Other

Section 1: General info and background

AM skills: Industry SURVEY



32.12%

23.64%

12.12%

6.06%

9.09%

13.94%

10.30%

29.09%

33.33%

Aerospace

Automotive

Defence

Consumer

Construction

Energy

Health

Industrial equipment and tooling


Main Sector

• 78,2% using already AM

40.48%

9.52%6.35% 6.35% 5.56% 7.94%

15.08%8.73%

R&D Service bureau OEMs MaterialsProvider

Software Provider Design End-user Other

Main AM supply position in which your organisation is involved in

• 24% and 52% considered that are very well or well prepared

respectively, to meet future skills challenges in AM



Metal43%

Plastic37%

Ceramic5%

Composite6%

Biomaterials4%

Other (please specify)5%

Which AM material do you mainly use ?

Powder bed fusion33%

Vat Photopolymerisation8%

Material Jetting8%

Material extrusion

24%

Sheet lamination0%

Directed Energy Deposition

12%

Binder Jetting8%

Other (please specify)7%

Which AM process(es) do you mainly use?



• Process engineer, designer, specialist ( at engineer level) and materials

engineer > 40 %

Section 2: Profiles and Skills needs



• Next 6 months: Certification &

validation, Topology

optimisation, design

• Next 2 years: Certification &

validation, testing &quality

control, standards

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Year

s

For your activity, indicate which relevant knowledge on AM are lacking (still needed)?

6 months

2 years

AM Numerical

Modelling

Topology

optimisatio

n

Design

Structural

Integrity

Metallurgical

analysis and

characterisatio

Pre-processing

& mater

ial handl

Standards

Testing&

Quality

contro

Certificatio

n & Validation

NDTPost-processing

Costs Health &

Safety

Marketing and

Sales

Communication


AM skills: Industry Interview

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Simulation

Topology optimisation

Design (CAD modelling)

Structural integrity

Materials analysis and characterisation

Pre-processing & material handling

AM processes

Post-processing

Destructive and NDT

Certification and qualification

Quality monitoring and control

Standards

Automation

Sensing

How will the AM technological skills evolve in the next 2 years ?

Decrease Increase

0 5 10 15

New metallic materials /plastic/ bio

Zero defects manufacturing

Real time control/ monitoring systems

Traceability

Hybrid Technology

Robotics

Predictive maintenance

Bio printing process

4D printing

Data management / Artificial intelligence

End of life/ circular economy

Cybersecurity

Relevance of AM trends

Not Relevant Relevant Very Relevant



• Plan to increase AM use 50% in coming 6 months, 28% in coming 2 years

• Increasing nº of applications, testing new materials and AM use

62.24%

41.84%

55.10%

13.27%

53.06%

26.53%

41.84%

1.02%

By increasing the number of applications

By testing new AM technologies

By testing new materials

By keeping using AM as today

By increasing the use of AM

By hiring new staff specialized in AM

By reskilling and upskilling existing staff on AM technology


How do you expect to increase the use of AM technologies?



• Process manager, R&D > 70 % // Project manager > 40 %

For those answered “reskilling/upskilling” in previous question: 7 answers



How do you plan to use and implement AM technology?Answers: 15

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

By reskilling/upskillingexisting staff on AM

technology

By hiring new staffspecialized in AM


Yes (in the next 6 months) 9,09%

Yes (in the next 2 years) 12,12%

Likely (in the next 6 months) 3,03%

Likely (in the next 2 years) 21,21%

Not in the next 2 years 54,55%

Do you plan to use / implement AM Technologies in your organisation?Answers: 33

For those who are not currently using AM:


AM skills & trends

RTO’s SURVEY


AM trends: RTOs SURVEY

Answers:90

Main type: University

Main Countries: Spain,

Germany and France

45%

27%

12%

16%

Type of organisation

University

Research Center

Technology Center

Other (pleasespecify)

0%1%1%0%0%1%0%2%

1%

14%

18%

2%

9%

0%0%0%0%0%2%

4%

0%1%

23%

1%

4%

9%

4%

Countries Austria Belgium

Bulgaria Canada

China Croatia

Czech Republic Denmark

Estonia Finland

France Germany

Greece Hungary

Ireland Italy

Japan Latvia

Lithuania Luxembourg

Malta Netherlands

Poland Portugal

Republic of Cyprus Romania

Slovakia Slovenia

Spain Sweden

Turkey United Kingdom

USA Other

Section 1: General info and background


46.67%

34.44%

12.22%

12.22%

8.89%

17.78%

14.44%

45.56%

32.22%

Aerospace

Automotive

Defence

Consumer

Construction

Energy

Health

Industrial equipment and tooling


Sector

48.89%

52.22%

51.11%

62.22%

50.00%

40.00%

7.78%

13.33%

Modelling/simulation

Design

Materials

Process (including ICT, Equipment)

Post-processing

Product (including Quality Assurance & Testing)

End of life


Position in AM value chain




Metal42%

Plastic29%

Ceramic6%

Composite13%

Biomaterials5% Other (please specify)

5%

Which AM material(s) do you mainly use?

Powder Bed Fusion

29%

Vat Photopolymerisation8%

Material Jetting8%

Material Extrusion

21%

Sheet Lamination

2%

Directed Energy Deposition

19%

Binder Jetting

9%

Other (please specify)…

Which AM process(es) do you mainly use?

• 66,7% offer training/education courses

84.21%

45.61%

10.53%

49.12%

17.54%

17.54%

Internal, courses at our organisation

External training at customer location

Remote or Internet-based courses

Technological workshops (>1 day)

Showrooms


Type of training services provided



• AM processes, design, topology optimisation….

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Communication

Marketing and sales

Resource Efficiency/sustainability

Certification and Validation


Health and Safety

Business models

Testing/quality control


Non-destructive testing

Numerical modelling

Metallurgical analysis and characterization


Topology optimization

Post-processing

Design

AM processes

Which skills do your courses address?



Section 2: AM trends

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2020-2021 (scenario 2)

2020-2025 (scenario 3)

Sector/s in which your R&D&I mainly focused

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Modelling & simulation

Design

Materials

Process (including equipment & ICT)

Post-processing

Product (including quality…

End of life

2022-2025 (scenario 3) 2020-2021 (scenario 2)

VC segment/s in which your R&D&I mainly focused



Section 2: AM trends: MATERIALS

Relevance of materials in R&D&I activities: 2020-2021 vs. 2022-2025

2020-2021

2022-2025

Metal

Polymer

Composite

Bio-material

Ceramic

Other



Section 2: AM trends: PROCESS

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)

Vat Photopolymerisation (VP)

Material Jetting (MJ)

Material Extrusion (ME)

Sheet Lamination (SL)

Direct Energy Deposition (DED)

Binder Jetting (BJ)

9.09%

23.21%

26.92%

17.54%

25.53%

13.21%

16.98%

12.12%

10.71%

11.54%

19.30%

17.02%

22.64%

26.42%

9.09%

25.00%

11.54%

10.53%

0.00%

15.09%

13.21%

57.58%

7.14%

17.31%

33.33%

6.38%

30.19%

18.87%

12.12%

33.93%

32.69%

19.30%

51.06%

18.87%

24.53%

relevance of the different AM process(es) in R&D&I activities for 2020-2021

low

regular

high

very high

N.A

Powder Bed Fusion (PBF)

Vat Photopolymerisation (VP)

Material Jetting (MJ)

Material Extrusion (ME)

Sheet Lamination (SL)

Direct Energy Deposition (DED)

Binder Jetting (BJ)

6.15%

18.87%

17.31%

12.28%

28.57%

12.73%

14.55%

15.38%

15.09%

23.08%

12.28%

10.20%

10.91%

21.82%

7.69%

18.87%

15.38%

28.07%

4.08%

25.45%

20.00%

61.54%

13.21%

15.38%

28.07%

8.16%

32.73%

21.82%

9.23%

33.96%

28.85%

19.30%

48.98%

18.18%

21.82%

relevance of the different AM process(es) in R&D&I activities for 2022-2025

low

regular

high

very high

N.A




0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%



Traceability

4D printing

Bio-printing materials

Cybersecurity



New materials


Relevance of different AM technology trends for R&D&I activities for 2020-2021

4 - Very High 3 - High 2 - Regular 1 - Low

• Real time control, new materials, zero defects manufacturing




• New materials, zero defects manufacturing, real time control, AI,

traceability…

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%


Bio-printing materials

Cybersecurity


4D printing

Traceability




New materials

Relevance of different AM technology trends for R&D&I activities for 2022-2025

4 - Very High 3 - High 2 - Regular 1 - Low



Section 3 – Skills and profiles needs

6.25%

1.56%

10.94%

23.81%

20.31%

25.00%

12.70%

13.11%

9.38%

10.94%

60.00%

17.19%

9.38%

37.50%

28.57%

26.56%

23.44%

14.29%

36.07%

10.94%

18.75%

10.00%

28.13%

29.69%

32.81%

28.57%

29.69%

34.38%

44.44%

29.51%

31.25%

51.56%

20.00%

45.31%

54.69%

15.63%

15.87%

20.31%

15.63%

26.98%

18.03%

46.88%

17.19%

10.00%

Designer

Process Engineer

Inspection Technician

Inspector

NDT Technician

Supervisor

Coordinator (at engineer level)

Metrology Engineer

Materials Engineer

Operator/Technician

Other

relevant AM Professional Profiles in 2020-2021

low regular high very high

• Process engineer, materials engineer, designer,…

1.56%

1.56%

9.38%

15.87%

14.06%

15.63%

6.35%

13.11%

6.25%

7.81%

40.00%

10.94%

6.25%

31.25%

31.75%

21.88%

26.56%

12.70%

22.95%

6.25%

14.06%

20.00%

20.31%

21.88%

32.81%

23.81%

32.81%

28.13%

44.44%

34.43%

26.56%

35.94%

20.00%

59.38%

60.94%

17.19%

17.46%

21.88%

17.19%

26.98%

19.67%

50.00%

31.25%

0.00%

Designer

Process Engineer

Inspection Technician

Inspector

NDT Technician

Supervisor

Coordinator (at engineer level)

Metrology Engineer

Materials Engineer

Operator/Technician

Other

relevant AM Professional Profiles in2022-2025

low regular high very high

• Process engineer, designer, materials engineer…




7.81%

11.11%

7.81%

9.38%

11.29%

17.46%

9.52%

7.94%

14.52%

9.68%

7.94%

8.06%

9.84%

12.70%

12.90%

24.19%

25.81%

11.67%

21.88%

17.46%

26.56%

28.13%

22.58%

20.63%

34.92%

31.75%

30.65%

12.90%

20.63%

22.58%

44.26%

28.57%

33.87%

40.32%

48.39%

33.33%

37.50%

28.57%

26.56%

29.69%

43.55%

41.27%

41.27%

36.51%

30.65%

40.32%

42.86%

29.03%

24.59%

31.75%

29.03%

27.42%

20.97%

41.67%

32.81%

42.86%

39.06%

32.81%

22.58%

20.63%

14.29%

23.81%

24.19%

37.10%

28.57%

40.32%

21.31%

26.98%

24.19%

8.06%

4.84%

13.33%

AM processes

Numerical modelling

Topology optimisation

Design


Metallurgical analysis and characterisation


Post-processing

Non-destructive testing

Certification and Validation

Testing/quality control

Standards

Costs

Health and Safety

Resource Efficiency/sustainability

Marketing and sales

Communication

Management

Relevant knowledge currently lacking on AM

low

regular

high

very high

• Numerical modelling, standards, Topology optimisation, certification

&validation….>37%




• 2020-21: AM processes, design,

numerical modelling, topology

optimisation > 30%

• 2022-25: AM process, design ,

numerical modelling, topology

optimisation > 40%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

From your experience, indicate which relevant knowledge on AM will be needed in the future for each scenario (scen.2 and scen.3).Being 1 (low),

2 (regular), 3 (high), 4 (very high)

2020-2021 (scen.2)1

2020-2021 (scen. 2)2

2020-2021 (scen. 2)3

2020-2021 (scen. 2)4

2022-2025 (scen. 3)1

2022-2025 (scen. 3)2

2022-2025 (scen. 3)3

2022-2025 (scen. 3)4


Paula [email protected]

www.idonial.com

WP2-Forecast Methodology: assessment of current and future skills in AM

mailto:[email protected]

current and future skills in am

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