Cultural Cultural UniversalsUniversals

Things or behaviors in Things or behaviors in various forms that exist in all various forms that exist in all

societies.societies.

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

1. Material: 1. Material: Artifacts made by groups of people Artifacts made by groups of people

FoodFood Clothing and adornmentClothing and adornment Tools and weaponsTools and weapons Housing and shelterHousing and shelter Household articlesHousehold articles Ritual itemsRitual items Personal possessionsPersonal possessions

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

2. Social Organization2. Social Organizationthe ways that a group of people the ways that a group of people

organize themselves in groups in organize themselves in groups in order to functionorder to function FamiliesFamilies Kinship systemsKinship systems ClansClans City-StatesCity-States NationsNations

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

3. Social Control/Institutions: 3. Social Control/Institutions: long-lasting ways of doing things that are long-lasting ways of doing things that are important to people’s well-being.important to people’s well-being. Marriage/FamilyMarriage/Family ReligionReligion EducationEducation Government/militaryGovernment/military Legal and penal systemLegal and penal system HospitalsHospitals Markets/Business/Corporations Markets/Business/Corporations

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

4. Language: 4. Language: the use of a set of symbols, spoken or the use of a set of symbols, spoken or

written, to communicate ideas and written, to communicate ideas and feelings.feelings. NonverbalNonverbal VerbalVerbal WrittenWritten SymbolsSymbols

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

5. Arts, Play, & Recreation 5. Arts, Play, & Recreation the ways that a people express the ways that a people express

themselves creatively.themselves creatively. Fine Arts:Fine Arts:

Drawing, painting, etc.Drawing, painting, etc. Performing Arts:Performing Arts:

Acting, dancing, etcActing, dancing, etc ArchitectureArchitecture Standards of beauty & tasteStandards of beauty & taste

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

6. Environment: 6. Environment: conditions that influence lives of a conditions that influence lives of a

group of people.group of people. What does the environment in which we What does the environment in which we

live affect?live affect? Human-Environment InteractionsHuman-Environment Interactions

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals 7. Economy: 7. Economy: the production (making), distribution the production (making), distribution

(selling), and consumption (using) of (selling), and consumption (using) of goods and services.goods and services. JobsJobs Goods/servicesGoods/services Movement of goods/servicesMovement of goods/services Trade/exchangeTrade/exchange

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

Education:Education:How a society teaches its values and How a society teaches its values and

traditionstraditions InformalInformal FormalFormal

The 9 Cultural UniversalsThe 9 Cultural Universals

9. World View/Beliefs: 9. World View/Beliefs: something a group of people believe something a group of people believe

to be true.to be true. ReligionReligion PoliticsPolitics NormsNorms EthicsEthics ValuesValues

Culture VocabularyCulture Vocabulary

Culture: a complete way of life of Culture: a complete way of life of people share similar customs and people share similar customs and beliefs and pass on to their children.beliefs and pass on to their children.

Customs: a common way of doing Customs: a common way of doing something among a group of people.something among a group of people.

Society: a group of people who Society: a group of people who share a common culture.share a common culture.

Vocab…Vocab… Social Structure; the ways in which Social Structure; the ways in which

people are organized into smaller people are organized into smaller groups, each having its own groups, each having its own particular task.particular task.

Socialization: the process of learning Socialization: the process of learning to be part of a culture or society.to be part of a culture or society.

Norm: a culture’s standards of Norm: a culture’s standards of behavior or rule that a member of a behavior or rule that a member of a society is supposed to live by.society is supposed to live by.

Vocab…Vocab…

Ethics: the standards or code of moral Ethics: the standards or code of moral behavior that distinguishes between behavior that distinguishes between right and wrong.right and wrong.

Value: an object, idea, or belief that a Value: an object, idea, or belief that a culture considers very important.culture considers very important.

Economy: system in which goods and Economy: system in which goods and services are produced and distributed.services are produced and distributed.

Vocab…Vocab…

Language: the way human beings Language: the way human beings pass on their culture.pass on their culture.

Extended family: family with Extended family: family with grandparents, aunts, uncles, grown grandparents, aunts, uncles, grown children, parents, and small children children, parents, and small children living together.living together.

Nuclear family: family of parents and Nuclear family: family of parents and their children living together.their children living together.

Vocab…Vocab…

Role: the function of a person in a Role: the function of a person in a society.society.

Status: the degree of importance we Status: the degree of importance we have in society.have in society.

Icon: an image or figure that Icon: an image or figure that represents something (like a nation’s represents something (like a nation’s flag).flag).