cultural tourism can it contribute to economic development? · tourism conclusions • expected...

Prof. dr. Annick Schramme University of Antwerp/AMS Director Competence Center Creative Industries

Cultural Tourism – Can it contribute to economic development?

Competence Center Creative Industries

@ Antwerp Management School (°2010)/University of Antwerp

Focus:

Creativity /innovation inside organizations

Making the creative industries more entrepreneurial

Research collaborations:

Flanders District of Creativity (2010-2014)

Flemish Agency of Entrepreneurship (2010-2012)

Institute for Science and Technology (2012-2016)

Team

Content

• Definition Creative industries

• Economic impact of the Creative Industries in Flanders

• Symbolic value

• Value of heritage

• Socio economic impact of the immovable heritage in Flanders

• Impact of heritage on Tourism

• conclusions

1. Definition Creative Industries

definition in Flanders

“Different sectors and activities that call on the input of creativity for the creation of economic, symbolic and societal added value, according to the various stages of the value chain (creation, production, distribution, and consumption), and which contribute to the "creative advantage” of Flanders.”

Performing Arts Advertising & Communication

Fashion

Audiovisual sector New media Music

Visual Arts Printed media Design

Heritage & Patrimony Gaming Architecture

2. Economic impact of the Creative Industries

The Creative Industries account for 3% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Flanders

GDP Flanders Creative Industries

2. Economic impact of the Creative Industries

Proportion of employees in the Creative Industries

Flanders CI

Proportion of self-employed (main occupation) in the Creative Industries

Flanders CI

3. Symbolic value of the creative industries

3. Symbolic value

Value that goes beyond the economic value

No consensus on the definition/concept of the symbolic value

“Someone who buys a chair of a designer, also buys

meaning: the chair says something about your taste

and personality”

3. Symbolic value

4. The value of heritage


• Definition of immovable heritage in Flanders: includes architectural, archeological, heraldic, landscape and maritime relicts

• Overall impact is far-reaching and complex

• The economic and culture value of heritage (D. Throsby, 2006)

• Importance of heritage for the different stakeholders (X. Greffe, 2003)

• Non-competitive and non-exclusive

• Heritage as an ecosystem


• Difference between ‘use value’ an ‘non-use value’ (De la Torre, M. ed, 2002)

• ‘Non-use value’

– Existence value

– Altruistic value

– Option value

– Bequest value

5. Economic impact of the immovable heritage in Flanders

• No standard methodology

• Quantitave and qualitative analysis

• Satellite accounts and regression analysis

• Set of indicators

• Immovable heritage plays an important role in multiple domains

5. Economic impact of the immovable heritage in Flanders

INPUT authorities Immovable heritage

INPUT authorities Operating funds (mio euro)

Subsidies (mio euro) Employment (FTE)

Flanders 33 125 502

OUTPUT executive industry Heritage

OUTPUT executive industry

Turnover (mio euro) Cumulated added value (mio euro)

Cumulated employment (FTE)

Construction 269 235 3066

Architecture 25 22 284

Archeology 45 39 513

TOTAL 339 296 3 863

% GDP of the FR 0,14% 0,15%

6. Impact of heritage on Tourism in Flanders

• 3 touristic macro-products: arts cities, the coast and the green regions

• 5 Art cities: Antwerp, Gent, Bruges, Louvain and Mechelen

• Focus on architectural heritage

• Importance of horeca and hotel overnight stays

• Heritage tourism = tourism whereby the presence of immovable heritage is a necessary condition.

Art cities: city of Antwerp

6. Impact of heritage on Tourism

• Hotel overnight stays

Local Tourism From abroad Total % Total

Regions (1993) 1.273.506 1.577.139 2.850.645 34%

Art cities (5) 785.668 2.824.198 3.609.866 43%

Coast (10) 1.342.126 550.163 1.892.289 23%

% Total 41% 59% 100%

Hotel overnight stays linked to heritage


• Share of hotel overnight stays linked to heritage

Local tourists From abroad

Regions (1993) 8% 5 %

Art cities (5) 63% 100%

Coast (10) 82% 73%


Share of hotel overnight stays linked to heritage

• Interesting findings:

– Green regions and coast: 10% of the overnight stays is related to heritage

– Art cities: 70%

– Total of 35% is related to heritage

Direct heritage visits


• Direct heritage visits

Number of visitors

(mio/Year)

Number of attractions

Sightseeing 3,8 11

Heritage museums 1, 45 112

Non-museal heritage

attractions

1,2 30

Total 6,45 153


• Comparison of residential tourism, day tourism and recreation

Residential

Tourism

(local)

Residential

Tourism

(from

abroad)

Day tourism Recreation

Green

regions 127 351 157 714 1 425 233 1 425 323

Art Cities 549 968 1 976 939 12 634 531 12 634 531

Coast 134 213 55 016 946 145 946 145

TOTAL 811 531 2 189 669 15 005 998 15 005 998


Conclusions for Flanders: – Much more tourism for one day than residential tourism (factor 10)

– Not much ‘direct heritage related’ expenses

– More important is the heritage environment (decor)

– 6,5 mio visitors of heritage/ total of 33 mio tourists (30 mio day tourism and recreation versus 3 mio residential tourism)


• Average expenses/tourist/macro product

Residential

Tourist

(local)

Residential

Tourist

(from

abroad)

Day tourist Recreation

green

regions 66 66 12 4

Art Cities 130 130 27 10

Coast 80 120 35 10


Conclusion about the expenses:

The tourists from abroad who is staying in an art city is spending more money (40%)

Expenses (mio euro)

Residential

Tourist

(inland)

Residential

Tourist

(abroad)

Day tourist Recreation

green

regions 8,4 10,4 17,1 5,7

Art Cities 71,5 257,0 342,2 126,3

Coast 10,7 6,6 33,1 9,5


• Total impact of heritage on Tourism (horeca + others)

OUTPUT tourism

Turnover (mio euro)

Cumulated added value (mio euro)


Horeca 503 351 7 912

Other 394 255 3 605

TOTAL 898 606 11 517

% of the GDP of FR

0,34% 0,45%


• Total impact on Tourism

OUTPUT tourism

Turnover (mio euro)

Cumulated added value (mio euro)


Direct 898 363 8063

Indirect 243 3453

cumulated 898 606 11 517

% of the GDP of FR

0,3% 0,5%

6. Global impact of heritage on Tourism

Conclusions • Cultural heritage sector represents a significant economic activity in

Flanders: the total added value is about 60% of the annuel added value of the agriculture sector. Stable and non-allocating economic asset that could become increasingly important.

• Total impact of heritage on tourism = almost 1 bio Euro or 0,3% GDP

Total impact of tourism = 2,5 of the GDP

Share of heritage tourism = 12%

Cumulated Added Value of 606 mio Euro/year

Employment of 11 500 people

6. Global impact of heritage on Tourism

Conclusions • Direct heritage expenses are relatively low.

Indirect heritage expenses are more important (food, drinks, shopping,

mobility)

• Importance of heritage as a background/decor for a city trip (40% >

residential tourism)

• The economic importance of tourists from abroad

• The combination of activities is important for the attractivity of a region. Looking for innovative combinations, not only between Culture and Tourism, but also between the public and private sector.

6. Global impact of heritage and culture on Tourism

Conclusions • Expected growth of cultural tourism by the increasing numbers of

active mediors/seniors, that are specifically interested in culture and heritage

• need for more qualitative and quantitative research on a regular basis about the impact of cultural heritage on tourism (not only of the immovable heritage but also of the tangible and intangible heritage)

• More cooperation between economic researchers and creative/artistic people.

Thank you for your attention!

More information:

www.flandersdc.be

http://www.antwerpmanagementschool.be/nl/faculty-research/competence-centers/creative-economy/publicaties-creative-economy.aspx

www.ua.ac.be/cultuurmanagement

http://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/theimpactofcultureontourism.htm

http://www.flandersdc.be

http://www.ua.ac.be/cultuurmanagement

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