cultural policy reading group june 2015 presentation by belisa rodrigues
TRANSCRIPT
Cultural Policy Reading Group
JUNE 2015
Presentation by Belisa Rodrigues
Topics covered
• Brief introduction to African Arts Institute• Recap of the last CPRG : AU, Agenda
2063,ECOSOCC • Brief Feedback from AU’s Pan African Cultural
Congress (25-27 May 2015)• Cultural Entrepreneurship presentation
prepared for World Economic Forum side event (3 June 2015)
African Arts Institute
The African Arts Institute (AFAI) is a South African (training and research) NGO based in Cape Town. Its overall objective is to promote participatory democracy, respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms and equitable social and human development in African countries by affirming the cultural dimension of development.
African Union
AGENDA 2063
=Vision, Strategy and Implementation plan for Africa
ECOSOCC (www.auecosocc.org)
AU’s Pan African Cultural Congress
• Organised by AUC - platform• Theme “Unity in Cultural Diversity for Africa’s
development”• Attendees: AU-CSO-Business• Complex programme covering numerous
subthemes• Many recommendations put forward from the
congress• Follow up meeting to be convened
WEF for Africaside event
• Hosted by the DAC• Not part of the main WEF programme• 3 panel sessions• NAC, BASA, CCIFSA, AFAI + Minister• Main focus on the economic potential of the
arts• Conversation, not presentation
Challenges, priorities and possibilities of Entrepreneurship models in the cultural sector in
Africa
Belisa RodriguesBusiness Development Manager
African Arts Institute
WEF Africa 2015
Overall Context• Democracy
and human rights challenges
• Freedom of expression violations
• Lack of political will
• Poor institutional contexts
• Education and development
WEF Africa 2015
WEF Africa 2015Nadine Botha graphics based on Mike van Graan Creative Economy lecture
IN GENERATIONAL TERMS
• 2 GENERATIONS ONLY
•1.5 GENERATIONS
•1.2 GENERATIONS
•1 GENERATION ONLY
•BIRTH
African Development Context
• 51% live in poverty, on less than $2 per day• 50% of children not in school, are in Africa• 1 in 7 African children die by age of 5• African maternal mortality: 1 in 30 women• 2/3 of world’s 33m HIV-positive people live in
Africa• Child dies of malaria every 45 secs: 90%
Africa• Average life expectancy in Africa less than
55• 69% of sub-Saharan Africans lack basic
sanitation• Economic growth phenomenal according to
GDP figuresWEF Africa 2015
IMF: Ten fastest-growing economies globally, 2001-2010
Annual GDP growth
Angola 11,1%China10,5%Myanmar 10,3%Nigeria* 8,9%Ethiopia 8,4%
Kazakhstan 8,2%Chad 7,9%Mozambique* 7,9%Cambodia 7,7%Rwanda 7,6%
*Distribution of wealth is a core issue (limitations of GDP indicator for sustainable / inclusive development)
WEF Africa 2015
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
50%+: Namibia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe40%+: Kenya, Senegal, Swaziland30%+: Equatorial Guinea20%+: Gabon, South Africa, Nigeria10%+: Algeria, Tunisia, Zambia9%-: Botswana, Ghana, Egypt
McKinsey Report: 28% of Africans have stable, wage paying jobs (implication: 72% unemployed, underemployed, engaged in informal sector)
WEF Africa 2015
LIMITATIONS OF HDI
Libya ranked among highest, but had a dictatorship with limited human freedoms, hence the overthrow of the regime
Similarly, other highly ranked African countries – other than Mauritius – were North African – Tunisia and Algeria with limited human rights and freedoms
WEF Africa 2015Nadine Botha graphics based on Mike van Graan Creative Economy lecture
Culture and Development
• Development as an act of culture• Culture as inhibitor and enabler• “The ongoing generation and application of
resources (financial, human, infrastructural, etc) to create the optimal conditions (political, cultural, social, economic, etc) in which all human beings enjoy the full range of human rights and freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights”.
• Arts as an expression of culture in development
WEF Africa 2015
WEF Africa 2015Arterial Network Art Fundraising Toolkit
African Cultural Leadership
Currently runs an African Cultural Leadership Programme with 5 regional partners (Courses range from Entrepreneurship, Train-the-trainer and Cultural Leadership)
• NEXT COURSE: Cultural Entrepreneurship 20-29 July 2015
Course is full – selected 22 Entrepreneurs from 14 African countries - however public forums will be held with local Capetonians during that week – email me: [email protected])
Research question
“The Challenges, priorities and possibilities of entrepreneurship models in the cultural sector in my country, and what needs to be done in these areas to realise the sector’s potential.”
(1000 words max) 133 responses received in May 201586 responses analysed
WEF Africa 2015
Research sample and limitations
• Research response rate 133 cultural entrepreneurs
• Countries covered: 24/53 = 44% of entire potential sample
• Limitations /challenges:
- Language bias targeting English-speaking countries
- Uneven response rate across countries ranges: 32 – 1
- Some unusable data sets
• Qualitative data
• Basic exploratory research using clustering technique focus
on 8 key countries with >5 responses (86
respondents analysed)
WEF Africa 2015
WEF Africa 2015
Gender ratio
• 67%
• 33%
Country Spread
WEF Africa 2015
86 Respondents covering:
SOUTH AFRICA (21)ZIMBABWE (16)UGANDA (15)MALAWI (8)KENYA (8)ZAMBIA (8)CAMEROON (5)NIGERIA (5)
CROSS CUTTING ISSUES
• Training for professionals / artists• Education• Value of arts• Role of media• Donor environment• Individual versus community / collective• Sustainable and inclusive growth
"Splash" by Annemieke Mein
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SA
• SEDA - >100 organisations / assistance programmes for women-owned SMMEs
• 2014 GEM Report = notes declining entrepreneurship rate in SA as compared to other similar SADC
• However female entrepreneurship increasing (mainly due to govt stimulus)
(SOCIAL)INNOVATIONS / POTENTIAL
• Maayan Entrepreneuship model in Mali (Festival sur le Niger)
• Time/Art bank in Senegal• Heva - creatives accelerator Fund in Kenya• Maboneng Township Art Galleries in SA• Social Enterprise / Hybrid models : Pamberi Trust +
Book Cafe in Zimbabwe• Thunderfund – crowd fund in South Africa• Rise of social impact investment – artsculture
WEF Africa 2015
Maaya Entrepreneurship - Mali
“Festival Sur Le Niger”Based on social valuesSustainability principlesDemocratising culture
The three community principles of Maaya Entrepreneurship:·Serve the community·Organize the company as a community ·Gain the community’s support for the company
Artbank - Senegal
CONCLUSION
Total holistic development (including economic development) requires that at the end PEOPLE & CULTURE are at the centre of development practice. This means that their well being, fundamental freedoms and human rights are protected and guaranteed. Creative Industries and cultural entrepreneurship strategies that have proven track record in global north contexts require interrogation and possibly alternative (socio-economic-cultural) innovations, hybridity structures, strategies and approaches in the varying and often trying African contexts as inferred through this exploratory paper.
Fall states that: "Before a Renaissance, Africa might need a collective
continental Cultural Revolution: a radical change in state of mind, attitude and strategy. African Renaissance cannot and will not rise and shine without a complicit partnership between African governments, business related individuals and companies, creative thinkers and art communities across the continent."
N'Goné Fall, Independent Sengalese Art Curator (PACC4, May 2015)
