Cultural Federation as Knowledge Gardening: A Learning Perspective Jack Park SRI International, Menlo Park, California And Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K. Collaborative Expedition #67 GSA's USA Services Intergovernmental Solutions Office 13 November, 2007 Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Learning Happens We are what we eat, and we think what we practice. Geoffrey C. Bowker, Memory Practices in the Sciences, p. 229 Lets talk about practice Quote A Story About a Collective Sensemaking: Learning Just-in-time Life-long Collaborative Global From Individual Performance to Collective Sensemaking Individual to Group Group to Groups Collective Sensemaking Blooming and buzzing ideas that need collection, deliberation, and organization Learning is Sensemaking Our story is about innovation Image courtesy Gail Johnson Nature of the Universe where Events and Learning Occur SimpleComplicatedComplex Simple ThingsMachinesLiving Things Social Systems Memory in Cultural Knowledge Growth Belief Space (Memory) Population Space Evaluate Update InfluenceAccept Reproduce Modify After: Reynolds, R.G.; Stefan, J.M. "Web services, Web searches, and cultural algorithms", IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Volume 4, 5-8 Oct. 2003, pp Gowins Vee Where Learning Happens After: Novak, J. D., & D. B. Gowin. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ConceptualMethodological Events, Stuff Focus Questions Answering Learning KnowledgePerformance Hole in the wall Computer with touch screen and internet Mounted in hole in the wall No teachers Children taught themselves to surf the web Source: Approaches to Learning Individual Personal research Mentor schemes Group Classrooms Trade associations Lectures Informal (Incidental, Social, everyday) Lets Focus on Group Learning Image Courtesy Katy Borner A Step Toward the Future A Modest Proposition A global learning support infrastructure Uses collaborative and social opportunities on the Web Lets call it a: Dynamic Knowledge Garden Douglas Engelbarts Dynamic Knowledge Repository (DKR) We will call this a Dynamic Knowledge Garden (DKG) Software Infrastructure Memory, Collaboration DKR = People + Tools Learning Communities Content BuildersContent Users Subject Map Applications Platform A Dynamic Knowledge Garden Federated Human Knowledge Learning Cultures Politics History Religion SimulationWellness Nutrition Addictions Aging Cancer Knowledge Garden Knowledge Garden Knowledge Garden Framework Quote Upon this gifted age, in its dark hour Rains from the sky a meteor shower Of factsthey lie unquestioned, Uncombined. Wisdom enough to leach us of our ill Is daily spun; but there exists no loom To weave it into fabric. Edna St. Vincent Millay A Loom: Topic/Subject Maps Image Courtesy Steve Pepper Topic Map: Lies above information and weaves that information into a fabric The fabric of cultural memory Our Knowledge Garden Architecture TopicSpaces Server Browser AgentDesktop WebWeb Services Servlet Subject Map Provider Tuplespace Enough Theory Lets look at a few examples GSA Colab Collaborative Work Environment Information Design Course Bay Area Science Collaboratory Fuzzzy Social Bookmarking Tagomizer Social Bookmarking Cohere experimental knowledge portal Journal of Interactive Media in Education CALO Semantic Desktop Application GSA Colab Collaborative Work Environment Information Design Course Source: NexistWiki for Education NexistWiki: Topic Map + Wiki Topic Map Social Bookmarking Subject Map Social Bookmarking Experimental Knowledge Garden Source: Simon Buckingham Shum JIME document interface CALO Semantic Desktop Application Open Source IRIS Platform: What can we do in our garden? Plant seeds Create new subjects Cultivate the garden Annotate subjects Annotate by connecting ideas in different subjects Annotate by tagging Discuss issues raised as subjects evolve Harvest the garden Create learning opportunities Annotating By Connecting A User asserts a relationship between ideas expressed at two different resources Semantic Desktop concept is exemplified by OpenIris.org Annotation by Tagging A User asserts a Tag on a Resource Semantic Desktop Facilitating large-scale discourse Towards a cultivated ecosystem? ordered gardens wild borders ordered gardens wild borders Structured but emergent networks of claims and arguments Informally expressed claims and arguments, awaiting proper linkage Source: Simon Buckingham Shum Dialog Mapping Users Ask and Answer Questions, and Discuss the Answers Compendium Screenshot Collaborative sensemaking in e-Science: Meeting Replay tool for Earth scientists, synchronising video of Mars crews discussion as they annotate their mission plans Copyright, 2004, RIACS/NASA Ames, Open University, Southampton University Courtesy Simon Buckingham Shum Future prospects for learning support Global federation of Dynamic Knowledge Gardens Virtual Learning Environments Federation of Knowledge Gardens Knowledge Garden Knowledge Gardens communicate with each other to perform federation Virtual Worlds Architecture Users Web Browser Subject Map Server Virtual Worlds Server Candidate Future: Virtual Learning Centers Summary With a Dynamic Knowledge Garden, we can: Promote more freedom to learn Bring more learners together for: Lifelong, Just-in-time, Just-in-case, Just-for-me learning Promote social contribution to learning environments by and for all people Augment collective intelligence Thank You Final thought:-4CV05HyAbM