Cultural Diversity in Europe

6th Grade Social StudiesSS6G11 a, c

Causes of Cultural Diversity

1. Small, independent countries

• What kinds of problems do you think this What kinds of problems do you think this could cause?could cause?

All of Europe is not much bigger than the United States!!!

• Compare sizes

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Causes of Cultural Diversity

1. Small, independent countries

a)a) Trade: every Trade: every country looks out country looks out for itselffor itself• Tariffs, trade Tariffs, trade

through different through different countriescountries

Causes of Cultural Diversity

1. Small, independent countries

b) Currency: many different types of money

• Ex: Mark, Ruble, Franc, Pound

Causes of Cultural Diversity

2. Many distinct, separate cultures

• This is because of different:a)Languages

b)Customs

c) Religions

Europe’s Many Languages

There are at least 200 different languages in Europe!

Imagine Europe’s size—it’s about 4 million square miles, or about ½ the size of the United States (9,629,881

sq. miles). How do you think speaking so many languages in such

a small area affects Europeans?

In the United StatesEnglish is the one dominant language.

In Europe there are over two hundred native languages.

All of Europe is not much bigger than the United States!!!

• Compare sizes

Imagine driving from Winder to South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, or

Tennessee, and having to speak a different language in each of those

states.

Would that be frustrating?

What are possible solutions to this problem?

English: A Standard Language

Common languages and bilingual, trilingual, etc…

English, along with other common languages such as French or German, is used because it is

necessary for communication. However, only the United Kingdom

claims English as their home language. Other Europeans take

pride in their own languages.

Green- Germanic languages

Beige- Romance languages

Orange- Slavic languages

Germany:Language

The official language of Germany and Austria is German. - Germanic Language

Follow the link to here a song sung in German!!

http://genkienglish.net/learntospeakgerman/hallowiegehts.htm

Germany: Literacy Rate

• The literacy rate in Germany is 99-100% •Students in

Germany must attend school through the 9th grade. After that students either go to a trade school or keep attending public school until the 13th grade if they want to go to college. ( roughly 18 years old)

Oktoberfest

•“Oktoberfest is a 16-day festival held each year in Munich, Germany, (Bavaria), running from late September to early October. It is one of the most famous events in Germany and the world's largest fair, with some six million people attending every year. The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture”- Definition from Wikipedia.com

•Wurstl- tradition Bavarian Sausage

•Children dressed in tradition Bavarian Dress

•Bavaria – the old name of Germany. The culture of Germany and the high Alps region is called Bavarian Culture.

•Yodeling is traditional form of music commonly found at Oktoberfest.

Country Literacy Rate

Language Customs

Germany 99-100% German(Germanic Language)

Oktoberfest

Bavarian Culture in the Mountains

Russia: Language

Russian is a Slavic Language

Between 145-160 million speak Russian ( based on 2008 estimation)

A Russian Proverb

Руководитель без народа, что цветок без солнца

Translation: A ruler without a nation is like a flower without the sun

RUSSIA: Literacy Rate

Russia’s Literacy rate is 99-100%

Russia has a free education system guaranteed to all citizens by the

Constitution and has a literacy rate of 99.4%.Entry to higher education is highly competitive. As a result of

great emphasis on science and technology in education, Russian medical, mathematical, scientific, and space and aviation research is

generally of a high order- from Wikipedia.com

Follow link to here the Russian alphabet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet

RUSSIA: Customs and Traditions

Ballet is a highly prized art form in Russia

Moscow Ballet Theatre "The Crown Of Russian Ballet-Swan Lake“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32HHxwFIpHg

One tradition in Russia is to eat milk pudding and cheesecake on Christmas.

RUSSIA: Customs and Traditions

Milk PuddingCheesecake

Country Literacy Rate

Language Customs

Germany 99-100% German(Germanic Language)

Oktoberfest

Bavarian Culture in the Mountains

Russia 99-100% Russian(Slavic

Language)

Ballet originated in Russia

France: Language-French is the official language of France

-French is one of the Romance Languages

Je t'aime (Lara Fabian) - cover by Gisella

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAyQzJFFG90

France: Literacy Rate

The Literacy rate in France is 99%

Children in France must go to school until they are 16 years old.

France: Customs and TraditionsBastille Day

“Liberté, égalité, fraternité”- Liberty, Equlaity, Fratinity ( motto of the French Revolution & France)

The Bastille is a medieval fortress and prison in Paris. Many people in France associated it with the harsh rule of the Bourbon monarchy in the late 1700s. On July

14, 1789, troops stormed the Bastille. This was a pivotal event at the beginning of the French Revolution. Fête de la Fédération was held on July 14, 1790. This was a

way to celebrate the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in France.

Country Literacy Rate

Language Customs

Germany 99-100% German(Germanic Language)

Oktoberfest

Bavarian Culture in the Mountains

Russia 99-100% Russian(Slavic

Language)

Ballet originated in Russia

France 99% French

(Romantic Language)

Bastille Day- July 14. Ended the Monarchy in

France.

Italy: Language- Italian is the official

language of Italy- Italian is one of the

Romance languages.

Follow the link to hear some phrases in Italian

http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/italian/guide/phrases.shtml

How to say hello in Italian:

Ciao an informal term for Hello. It can also be used for Goodbye.

Italy: Literacy Rate

• The literacy rate in Italy is 98%

• Children in Italy go to school from age 6-15.

Italy: Customs & Traditions

• Christmas & Easter are major holidays.

• Italy is the home to the head of the Roman Catholic Church. The Pope lives in Vatican City in Rome.

Italy: Traditions

Opera A very popular form of performing arts that

originated in Italy.

Follow the link to see an Opera performance:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxKjDUrmecA&feature=related

Clip from Phantom of the Opera copyrighted 2004 by Odyssey Entertainment.

Country Literacy Rate

Language Customs

Italy 98% Italian(Romantic Language)

Opera

United Kingdom

United Kingdom: Language

English is the official Language of the United Kingdom. It is a Germanic Language. Other Languages commonly spoke in the UK are Gaelic (Irish), Celtic (Scottish), and Welsh

(Wales)

United Kingdom: Literacy Rate

The Literacy Rate is 99%.

•The UK is home to some very famous and old university's such as Oxford (England), Cambridge

(England), & St. Andrews (Scotland).

United Kingdom: Traditions

The United Kingdom has been steeped in traditions and customs for centuries. Some of the unique celebrations are the Highland Games (Scotland), Guy Fawkes Day (England), Boxing Day (England), and Cheese Rolling (England).

Highland Games • Highland games are events held throughout the year in Scotland and other countries as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage, especially that of the Scottish Highlands. Certain aspects of the games are so well known as to have become emblematic of Scotland, such as the bagpipes, the kilt, and the heavy events, especially the caber toss. While centred on competitions in piping and drumming, dancing, and Scottish heavy athletics, the games also include entertainment and exhibits related to other aspects of Scottish and Gaelic culture.

United Kingdom: Customs

In England afternoon tea is a custom that has carried on for centuries. Traditionally at four o’clock every

afternoon, afternoon tea is served hot with small pastries or sandwich's.

Country Literacy Rate

Language Customs

Italy 98% Italian(Romantic Language)

Opera

United Kingdom

99% English (Germanic Language)

Also Welsh, Celtic, & Gaelic in other

parts.

Afternoon Tea

The EndLa Fin- French

Ende- Germanτο τέλος (to télos)- Greek

В конце (V kontse)- Russianalla fine- Italian

•

Italy

Official Language: Italian

Buongiorno! Grazie!

Arrivederci!

Ciao!

France

Official Language: French

Oui...YesNon…No

Merci…Thank YouBonjour…Hello

Au revoir…GoodbyeExcusez-moi…Excuse

me

Russia

Official Language: Russian

Dobro požalovat‘…WelcomeKak dela…How are you?

Dobroe utro…Good MorningDo svidanija…Goodbye

Major Religions in Europe

• Christianity

• Judaism

• Islam

Judaism (oldest religion)• 15 million Followers (Jews)• Basic beliefs: Monotheistic: Obey God's commandments, live

ethically. Focus is more on this life than the next. Synagogue services on Saturdays. No pork or other non-kosher foods. Views Jesus as a false messiah.

• Founder: Abraham--patriarch of their faith (about 2000 BC)• Holy book: Torah and Talmud• House of Worship: Synagogue• Holy Days:

– Rosh Hashanah • Jewish New Year’s Day

– Yom Kippur • Day of Atonement

Christianity• 2.1 Billion Followers (Christians)• Basic beliefs: Monotheistic: Based on the teachings of Jesus,

love of God and neighbor, a regard for justice, and belief that Jesus is the Son of God, prayer, Bible study, communion, church attendance

• Founder: Jesus Christ (Abraham patriarch of their faith(about 30 AD)

• Holy book: Bible• House of Worship: Church• Holy Days:

– Christmas• Birth of Christ

– Easter• Resurrection of Christ

Islam• 1.3 Billion Followers (Muslims)• Basic beliefs: Monotheistic: prayer, giving to charity, belief in

and submission to Allah, fasting during Ramadan, a trip to Mecca once during your lifetime. Views Jesus as a Prophet.

• Founder: Muhammad Abraham--patriarch of their faith(about 1610 AD)

• Holy book: Koran• House of Worship: Mosque• Holy Days:

– Eid ul Fitr • Ends Ramadan (a month of fasting)

– Eid ul Adha • Marks the end of the holy pilgrimage

The Literacy rate and standard of living

• The ability to read and write• Usually found in develop or industrialized countries• Standard of living is high• Increase wealth of countries allows them to provide

better education, healthcare, access to technology• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES or Third world

countries:• Not much industry; depend on farming for most of

wealth

• Fewer people read and write• Education health care and jobs not easily available• may be restricted to allow boys• Lower paying jobs, countries are poor, people are

uneducated• Difficult to pay for education when little money for

food• Russia is different: high literacy rate; low GDP (total

value of goods and services produced in a country in one year)

• Always required education: poverty declining and Russia’s economy is growing

Literacy rate and per capita GDP

Country Literacy Rate GDP per person

United Kingdom 99% 35,100

France 99% 33,000

Russia 99% 14,700

Germany 99% 33,200

Italy 98% 30,400

Write the letter of the correct answer on your paper:

1. How are the languages of French and Italian similar?

A. The two countries are close to each other.

B. Both languages are Romance Languages.

C. They share roots of Germanic languages.

2. Which major European language origin has the largest number of speakers?

A. Germanic

B. Romance

C. Slavic

3. What have Europeans done to solve the problems presented by so many different

languages?

A. They do not trade with people who do not speak the same language.

B. Made laws that proclaim English is the only official language of the EU.

C. Require students in school to learn at least two languages.

4. Which language(s) come from the ancient Roman Empire?

A. English and DutchB. Russian and Polish

C. LatinD. French, Italian, Spanish

Write the correct answer on your paper.

5. What is the oldest of the three main

European religions?

6.Which religion is growing the fastest?

7.Name a way all three religions are similar.

8. Match the texts and the religions correctly:

Religions= Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Texts= Bible, Koran, Torah & Talmud