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Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Stefano AMADUCCI
Department of Sustainable Crop Production
Summer School
“Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Value Added Bioproducts and Bioenergy” Beijing, 26-31 July 2015
Layout of the lecture:
• Introduction;
• Botany, biology and phenology of hemp;
• Agronomic strategies for multipurpose hemp production;
• Conclusion.
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Introduction
Hemp as a multipurpose crop
Potential uses of hemp
Scheme of the
MULTIHEMP
Biorefinery
concept
www.multihemp.eu
Stem components after decortication (and field retting)
Introduction
Introduction
Actual European uses of hemp fibre
Introduction
Actual European uses of hemp shives
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Young stem/internode Old stem/internode
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Fibre cell maturity
Middle lamella Primary cell wall
Layers of secondary cell wall
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
15-50 µm
20-80 mm
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Fibres of different maturity
are simultaneously present in
different portions of the plant
Amaducci, et al., 2005. Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), 31-48.
Plant density x Harvesting time – Effect on fibre yield
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Fibre maturity progresses
with time after internode
elongation and layers of
secondary fibre accumulate.
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Fibre maturity progresses
with time after internode
elongation and layers of
secondary fibre accumulate.
Amaducci, et al., 2005. Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), 31-48.
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Fibre maturity progresses
with time after internode
elongation and layers of
secondary fibre accumulate.
Amaducci, et al., 2005. Journal of Industrial Hemp, Vol. 10 (1), 31-48.
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Keller, et al., 2001. Ind Crops Products
Progress of fibre development influences decorticability…
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Keller, et al., 2001. Ind Crops Products
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Keller, et al., 2001. Ind Crops Products
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Keller, et al., 2001. Ind Crops Products
Hemp seeds
Hemp seeds
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Da Porto et al., 2012
Introduction
Actual European uses of hemp seeds
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
C. erratica Anders
C. indica Lamark
C. macrosperma Stokes
C. chinensis & C. gigantea Delile
C. gigantea Crevost
C. erratica Siev.
C. foetens Gilib
C. lupulus Scop.
C. americana Pharm
C. generalis E.H.L. Krause
C. ruderalis Janischeskii
Fam. Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa L.
(Anderson, 1980)
C. sativa
C. indica
C. ruderalis
(Small, 1974)
C. sativa subsp. indica
subsp. sativa
Dioecious
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Monoecious
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Small & Naraine, 2015. Expansion of female sex organs in response to prolonged virginity in Cannabis sativa
(marijuana) . Genet Resour Crop Evol.
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Small & Naraine, 2015. Size matters: evolution of large drug-secreting resin glands in elite pharmaceutical strains
of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). Genet Resour Crop Evol.
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Small & Naraine, 2015. Size matters: evolution of large drug-secreting resin glands in elite pharmaceutical strains
of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). Genet Resour Crop Evol.
Chemotype I: (drug) THC > 0.3 % D.W.
CBD < 0.5 % D.W.
Chemotype II: (intermediate) THC 0.3 % D.W.
CBD > 0.5% D.W.
Chemotype III: (fibre) THC < 0.3% D.W.
CBD > 0.5% D.W.
Definizione dei chemotipi
SMALL & BECKSTEAD, 1973
Hemp botany, biology and
phenology of hemp
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Crop parameter
Biomass yield
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Crop parameter
Fibre yield
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Crop parameter
Seed yield
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed m.
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Crop parameter
Fibre quality:
• Primary/secondary fibre
• Degree of maturity
• Fibre diameter
• Fibre lenght
• Lignification
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Agronomic factors
• Soil preparation
• Variety choice
• Sowing time
• Plant density
• Plant nutrition
• Crop rotation and weed management
• Irrigation
• Harvesting time
Multiuse destination
Biomass + seed yield
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Variety choice: Effect on flowering time
Cultivation strategies for hemp as a
multipurpose crop
Cultivars bred in northern environments have lower
biomass yield when grown in the South, mainly due to
shortened growth duration and early-flowering
Finola in Latvia Finola in Italy
Variety choice – Effect on flowering time
Choosing the right genotype
Variety Abbreviation Origin Variety type
Beniko Ben Poland Monoecious
Bialobrzeskie Bia Poland Monoecious
Epsilon 68 Eps France Monoecious
Fédora 17 Fed France Monoecious
Félina 32 Fel France Monoecious
Férimon Fer France Monoecious
Futura 75 Fut France Monoecious
Markant Mar Netherlands Monoecious
Monoica Mon Hungry Monoecious
Tygra Try Poland Monoecious
CS CS Italy Dioecious
KC Dora KC Hungry Dioecious
Tiborszallasi Tib Hungry Dioecious
Tisza Tis Hungry Dioecious
Choosing the right genotype
Latitude
Choosing the right genotype
Choosing the right genotype
Choosing the right genotype
Choosing the right genotype
Hemp phenology
Amaducci, S. et al, 2008. Eur. J. Agron., 28, 90-102.
BVP PIP FDP
*
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Amaducci, S. et al, 2008. Eur. J. Agron., 28, 90-102.
BVP FDP
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Amaducci, S. et al, 2008. Eur. J. Agron., 28, 90-102.
PIP
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Hemp phenology
Choosing the best variety for
multipurpose applications
Var. Stem Seed Dual1 Var. Stem Seed Dual Var. Stem Seed Dual
Fed. 104% 173% 159%a Fed. 111% 161% 151%a Fed. 77% 146% 133%a
Fel. 119% 144% 139%ab Bia. 123% 138% 135%ab Fel. 95% 130% 123%ab
Fer. 107% 146% 138%ab Fer. 103% 142% 134%bc Mon. 102% 110% 109%abc
Tyg. 130% 124% 125%bc Mon. 91% 126% 119%bcd Tyg. 85% 112% 107%abc
Bia. 96% 108% 105%cd Fel. 84% 104% 100%bcde Tis. 142% 94% 104%bc
Eps. 93% 107% 104%cd Fut. 131% 89% 97%bcde Bia. 69% 108% 100%bc
Mar. 70% 110% 102%cd Ben 64% 105% 97%bcdef Eps. 107% 98% 100%bc
Tib. 84% 89% 88%cde Mar. 108% 89% 93%bcdef Fer. 61% 106% 97%bcd
Fut. 123% 74% 84%de Tib. 112% 85% 91%bcdef KCD. 134% 85% 95%bcd
Ben 90% 77% 80%de Tis. 87% 91% 90%cdef CS 160% 74% 91%bcde
KCD. 82% 67% 70%de CS 102% 82% 86%cdef Ben 66% 95% 89%bcde
Tis. 81% 66% 69%e Tyg. 97% 82% 85%def Fut. 103% 83% 87%bcde
Mon. 108% 55% 65%e Eps. 85% 58% 64%ef Tib. 105% 71% 77%cde
CS 117% 49% 62%e KCD. 91% 52% 60%ef Mar. 62% 65% 64%de
1, Dual was caculated by giving weight 1/5 and 4/5 repectively to stem and seed
number followed by the same letter in the same column means not statistical difference
CZ FR IT