CULTURAL INTELLIGENCECULTURAL INTELLIGENCE

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Cultural intelligence – origin, Cultural intelligence – origin, definition, validitydefinition, validity

ValidityValidity::

Origin:

Definition:

“Why do some but not other individuals easily and effectively adapt their views and behaviours cross culturally.” (Van Dyne, Ang and Livermore 2010; cited in Ang, Van Dyne and Tan, 2011)

The relative ability of a person to adapt to novel cultural contexts.

CQ can be measured on a validated 20 item CQ scale. (Ang et al 2007)

The facets of cultural intelligenceThe facets of cultural intelligence

Cognitive

Motivational

Behavioural

Culture shock:

/Head

/Heart

/Body

can arise when ‘we lack the knowledge, the lack of ability to adapt, the lack of willingness to adapt.’ (Flanja 2009 p.111)

(Earley and Ang 2003)

- Knowledge – culture specific

- Meta-cognition

(Earley and Mosakowski 2004)

Cultural Cultural self-awarenessself-awarenessUnderstanding that our own behaviour is, in large part, culturally derived.

It allows us to recognise that the same is also true for others.

‘Some people are skillful at recognizing behaviours that are influenced by culture.’ (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.41)

Cultural misunderstandings arise when we attempt to interpret the behaviour of others through our own cultural lens. (Quappe and Canatore 2005)

Cultural misunderstandingsCultural misunderstandings

Example 1

Example 2

Enhancing cultural intelligenceEnhancing cultural intelligence

‘‘People’s cultural intelligence can be increased People’s cultural intelligence can be increased with experience, practice and a positive attitude with experience, practice and a positive attitude to life-long learning.’ to life-long learning.’ (Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.42)(Brislin, Worthley and McNab 2006 p.42)

(Crowne 2008) Rehg,Grundlackh & Grigorian 2012

Using cultural intelligence

Example 1 Example 2

Some useful skills

• Suspend judgement (Triandis 2005)

• Expect misunderstandings (Brislin, Worthley & McNab 2006)

Key points to rememberKey points to remember

Cultural intelligence is a multi-faceted construct to explain the relative ability of some individuals to adapt with ease to novel cultural contexts.

It is widely agreed to encompass cognitive/metacognitive, motivational and behavioural skills.

Cultural self-awareness is a meta-cognitive skill that underlies and is fundamental to cultural intelligence.

Cultural intelligence is a valuable skill in our increasingly globalized world and ethnically diverse communities.

References:References:Ang, S, Van Dyne, Koh, CKS, Ng, KY., Templer, KJ, Tay, C, & Chandrasekar, NA, 2007,. ‘Cultural intelligence: Its Ang, S, Van Dyne, Koh, CKS, Ng, KY., Templer, KJ, Tay, C, & Chandrasekar, NA, 2007,. ‘Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance’’, measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation, and task performance’’, Management and Organization Review, vol. 3, no.3, pp.35-37, viewed 13 September 2012, Management and Organization Review, vol. 3, no.3, pp.35-37, viewed 13 September 2012, via Wiley Online Libraryvia Wiley Online LibraryAng, S, Van Dyne, L & Tan, ML, 2011, Cultural Intelligence, in Sternberg, RJ & Kaufman, SC (Eds), Cambridge Handbook Ang, S, Van Dyne, L & Tan, ML, 2011, Cultural Intelligence, in Sternberg, RJ & Kaufman, SC (Eds), Cambridge Handbook on Intelligence, pp.582-602, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.on Intelligence, pp.582-602, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Brislin, R, Worthley, R & McNab, B 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviours that serve people’s goals', Brislin, R, Worthley, R & McNab, B 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence: Understanding behaviours that serve people’s goals', Group and Organization ManagementGroup and Organization Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 40-55, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 40-55, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications.Crowne, KA, 2008, ‘What leads to cultural intelligence’, Crowne, KA, 2008, ‘What leads to cultural intelligence’, Business HorizonsBusiness Horizons, vol. 51, no.5, pp.391-399, viewed 13 , vol. 51, no.5, pp.391-399, viewed 13 September 2012, via Sciencedirect.September 2012, via Sciencedirect.Earley, P & Ang, S 2003, Earley, P & Ang, S 2003, Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures, Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures, Stanford University Press, Stanford University Press, Stanford, US, viewed 12 September 2012 via Google Books Stanford, US, viewed 12 September 2012 via Google Books Earley, PC & Mosakowski, E 2004, ‘Cultural intelligence’, Earley, PC & Mosakowski, E 2004, ‘Cultural intelligence’, Harvard Business ReviewHarvard Business Review, vol. 82,no. 10, pp. 139-146, viewed , vol. 82,no. 10, pp. 139-146, viewed 12 September 2012, via Ebsco Host.12 September 2012, via Ebsco Host.Flanja, D, 2009 ‘Culture shock in intercultural communication’, Flanja, D, 2009 ‘Culture shock in intercultural communication’, Studia Europae, Studia Europae, vol. 2009, no. 4, ppvol. 2009, no. 4, pp. 107+. 107+, viewed 13 , viewed 13 September 2012September 2012, , via Academic OneFile. via Academic OneFile.

Rehg, MT, Gundlach, MJ & Grigorian, RA, 2012, ‘Examining the influence of cross-cultural training on cultural Rehg, MT, Gundlach, MJ & Grigorian, RA, 2012, ‘Examining the influence of cross-cultural training on cultural intelligence and specific self-efficacy’, intelligence and specific self-efficacy’, Cross Cultural ManagementCross Cultural Management, vol. 19, no.22, pp. 215 – 232, viewed 14 September , vol. 19, no.22, pp. 215 – 232, viewed 14 September 2012, via Emerald2012, via EmeraldTriandis, HC, 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence in organizations’, Triandis, HC, 2006, ‘Cultural intelligence in organizations’, Group and Organization ManagementGroup and Organization Management, vol. 31, no. 1, pp.20-, vol. 31, no. 1, pp.20-26, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications. 26, viewed 12 September 2012, via Sage Publications. Quappe, S & Cantatore, G, 2005, ‘What is cultural intelligence, anyway? How do I build it?, viewed 12 September,Quappe, S & Cantatore, G, 2005, ‘What is cultural intelligence, anyway? How do I build it?, viewed 12 September, <http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural%20Awareness.pdf><http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/What%20is%20Cultural%20Awareness.pdf>

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