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Cuban Revolution CUBA IN THE COLD WAR

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IB Objectives The Cuban Revolution: political, social, economic causes; impact on the region Rule of Fidel Castro: political, economic, social and cultural policies; treatment of minorities; successes and failures Compare leaders of totalitarian/single-party states Role in Cold War

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IB Paper 2 Sample Questions Assess the importance of the cult of personality in the maintenance of power of one of the following: Mao; Castro; Pern. Strong economic policies are the key reason for a single-party state leader maintaining power. With reference to either Hitler or Castro, to what extent do you agree with this statement? Compare and contrast the domestic policies of two of the following: Castro; Kenyatta; Stalin. With reference to one left-wing totalitarian state, examine its impact on the lives of its citizens.

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IB Paper 2 Sample Questions Examine the methods used by either Nasser or Castro to maintain power. Examine the successes and failures of either Pern or Castro as leader of an authoritarian or single-party state. Discuss (a) the support for, and (b) the ideology of, one left-wing ruler of a single-party state.

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IB Paper 3 Sample Questions Analyse the successes and failures of Castros social and economic policies in the period 1960- 1990. For what reasons, and with what results for the economy of Cuba, did Castro become ruler of Cuba? Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba because of the weaknesses of Batistas regime. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Assess the reasons for the long survival of Fidel Castros regime in Cuba.

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IB Paper 3 Sample Questions By 1962 Castros domestic policy had successfully transformed Cuba. To what extent do you agree with this statement? How and why did Fidel Castro rise to power in 1959?

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Long-term Causes Sugar Socioeconomic inequalities Anti-U.S. feeling Political corruption

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Sugar Production The major export of Cuba Owned by the elite Backed by American capital US purchased more than of Cuban sugar Only allowed to sell certain quota of the sugar in American markets Led to trade deficit

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Socioeconomic Inequalities Large gap between rich and poor Majority of the population was impoverished Superior life for the Cuban elite Members of the Cuban upper class

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Anti-American Feelings War history Resentment towards U.S. control Imperialistic attitude

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Political Corruption Fulgencio Batistas regime Revocation of democracy Shady casinos Fulgencio Batista

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Fidel Castro Revolutionary leader Against Batistas politics Orthodoxo Party Built up resistance slowly With his convincing speeches Fidel Castro

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Moncada Barracks July, 1953 Plan was to storm barracks and seize the armory Led by resistance forces Castro was a key member Failure Everyone was either killed or captured Brought Castro and the cause to fame

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Ernest Che Guevara Doctor Met Castro in Mexico Joined in on 26 th of July Movement Rose among the resistance Later appointed President of the National Bank

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26 th of July Movement

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Castro and 82 of his men returned to Cuba Not in time to coordinate with other attacks Ambushed Only 12 men left Forced Castro and Fidelistas into Sierra Maestra mountains

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26 th of July Movement Guerilla attacks Gained power through media Organized strikes May 1958 Batista sent his final offensive, which failed Castro was on the offensive Jan 1, 1959 Batista fled

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CastroS Rise to Power Havana University Law Student 1945 (20 years) Haven for political gangs 1947 joined political party 1952 ran for election to Parliament Batista Coup d'tat before election Castro conspired against Batista Demonstrated extraordinary ability as a speaker American influence and mafia corrupted the government Wanted to use democracy in order to crush it http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQ24jmIHIUk

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Castro In Power Had said he didnt want a spot in the government Appointed himself as president Annulled some elections that had occurred before

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Castros Reforms Literacy movement Made Cuba a one party government Banned elections Land reform Banned religion

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Closer to USSR Became close friends with Khrushchev Made the Soviet Union Cubas main trading partner Khrushchev thought of Cuba as the beacon for Communism in Latin America

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Estranged from US US backed Batista until final moment President Eisenhower refuses to see Castro US imposes embargo Castro nationalizes American companies in Cuba US nervous about a country with socialist reforms so close

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Bay of pigs

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Bay of Pigs-April 1961 CIA failed operation Sent in 1400 Cuban Americans who were supposed to kill Castro Underestimated Cuban efficiency and loyalty to Castro US alienated Castro and Cuba

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CUBAN Missile Crisis: A Brief Chronology May, 1962: Khrushchev makes veiled references to a plot (How would the U.S. feel to have missiles pointing at them, as they have missiles pointed at us?) September: JFK and Congress issue warnings to USSR that US will deal harshly with any threats to national security October 14: U2 recon. flight over Cuba spots sites installing nuclear missiles October 15: Presence of missiles is confirmed

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The Missiles: One Site

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Chronology, Continued October 16: President Kennedy notified October 16-22: Secret deliberations on what should be done October 22: Kennedy tells nation his plan for blockade and quarantine October 23: OAS endorses naval quarantine October 24: Naval quarantine begins and successfully changes course of many Soviet ships

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Chronology, Continued October 25: One Soviet ship challenges naval quarantine; Kennedy lets it pass October 25: At the UN, Adlai Stevenson directly challenges the Soviet ambassador to admit to the existence of missiles, when the ambassador refuses, Stevenson wheels out pictures of the missile sites October 26: Soviets raise possibility for a deal: if we withdraw missiles will America promise not to invade Cuba?

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Chronology, Continued October 27: Soviets demand that Americans also withdraw missiles from Turkey; Major Andersons plane is missing over Cuba, presumably shot down; U.S. recon plane strays over Soviet airspacehigh tensions Kennedy tells Khrushchev that he will accept the proposal of the 26 th, Kennedy tells his brother to tell the Soviet Ambassador that though the Turkey missiles would not be part of the bargain, they would be removed in time October 28: USSR agrees to withdraw missiles

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Sergei Khrushchev https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phpe0Dsisb Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phpe0Dsisb Y