ctl leather inc. ct… · dyeing process with thin top-coating provides very even colouration ......

CTL LEATHER INC.

• About Leather

LEATHER 101

CTL LEATHER INC 416-449-4770

LEATHER 101


Full Anilines (Sauvage): • Most attractive, natural, soft, and expensive leathers• Best hide selection used• Dyed –through with no colour coating to surface• Shows ALL natural characteristics, as there is no corrections done to the leather.• More susceptible to liquid absorption due to natural porosity• Breathes easiest & cooler to sit on

Pull Up (Wax & Oil Pull-ups):• Aniline leather with extra top treatment of oil and/or wax• Designed to be come “distressed” looking over time• Similar properties to anilines but will become lighter in areas of heavy use, or when

Upholstering.• Products available to ‘help’ restore look and feel

Semi-Anilines:• Have been dyed-through & have thin finishing layer on surface• Dyeing process with thin top-coating provides very even colouration• Provide softness & feel of anilines w/ protective benefits of a surface finish• Leather remains softer and protected, due to thin top-coat• Similar properties as an aniline, with slight coverage, to protect the leather.

LEATHER 101


Pigmented: • Leather may be buffed (corrected) to reduce heavy natural scarring & blemishes,

conceling some natural markings• Leather is coloured with coating containing opaque pigments• Leather is embossed with grain pattern to ensure uniformity of colour & resistance

to fading

Nubuck (Chaps, Suede):• Aniline leathers with brushed surface to create ‘velvet’ texture

• Suede is ‘flesh’ side of piece of leather• Nubuck is an ‘effect’ on grain side of leather

• Brushing breaks surface and opens leather to make it incredibly soft• Brushing makes leather even more absorbent than aniline leathers

Bycast Leather:• Lower split leather with glued on film of coloured polyurethane • Typically produced in darker colours and lightens when stretched• Scratches easily• Relatively new to furniture market (used in handbags & belts for some time)• Product varies in quality

Bonded Leather:• Polyurethane product with leather shavings glued to backside• Not “technically” leather at all

LEATHER 101


When choosing leather, consider that it is a natural material and nature's signatures will be incorporated into it. These signatures may be in the form of healed scars, blemishes or other markings that should be considered natural beauty marks. The finest natural leathers exhibit various surface markings and texture variations. These variations are ALSO caused by factors including climate, location and age. Variations within the leather are not

flaws and will not affect durability and strength.

Colour variations also occur in some leathers (aniline leathers), during the dyeing process, since pigments are not used. Each hide absorbs the dye in varying amounts, much like wood varies when stained. An arm of a sofa may have a slightly different shade than the cushion or back of a sofa, because both pieces were cut from different parts of the hide, this is not a material defect, but evidence that it is natural leather.

A swatch or sample cutting represents the colour, texture and feel of the leather. However it will likely not be an exact match to the hides the customer receives. Variations are due to the fact that leather is a natural product with unique characteristics that differ from hide to hide (like a person to person).

• High Traffic Area Leathers:– Madras, Santiago, Bull, Valencia, Dublin, Barolo, Linea, Paradiso (“Green” Option)– Madras, Linea, Prescott have been used in a lot of many Air Canada lounges and hotels

• Mid Traffic Area Leathers: – Dublin, Cowboy, Heritage, Barolo, Prescott, Epic– Anything in the High Traffic area can also be used here.– Have been used in a lot of local Toronto restaurants and bars.

• Residential/Handbag Leathers:– Siena, Dakota, Dallas, Roxy, Caress, Stagecoach, Classic, Tuscania, Seide, Mustang, Queensland, Palma– Anything in the High traffic and Mid can also be used here.– These are aniline and wax pull-up leathers that are recommended to not be used in high-traffic areas.

LEATHER 101


LEATHER 101 (Caress, Dallas, Roxy, Stagecoach, Dakota, Cowboy, Seide, Mustang, Queensland)


Full Anilines:

Most attractive, natural, soft and costly leathers. The result of this particular tanning process is exceptionally soft leather in its most natural state.

Best hide selection used. Usually of European Origin.

Dyed with no colour coating to surface. Color pigments or protective top coats are never added to full aniline leathers.

More susceptible to liquid absorption, due to natural porosity.

Direct exposure to ultra violet sun rays will cause fading and/or dis-colouration.

Soaks up color (dye) during the dyeing process and this may create subtle shading variations within the hide, due to the thickness and location (also within the same production lot, hides will vary).

Natural, subtle variations in color and grain, much like wood varies when stained, no covering up any natural markings, scars, scratches, wrinkles, stretch marks and other natural characteristics. These are unique characteristics and will be incorporated into upholstered furniture.

An arm of a sofa may have a slightly different shade than the cushion or back of a sofa, because both pieces were cut from different parts of the hide, this is not a material defect, but evidence that it is natural leather.

Hides can vary (hide to hide, lot to lot and within a hide - sides to middle), due to the nature of the leather.

Unprotected Leathers such as this, require special handling. Leather care products are recommended for their protection and cleaning (Use a professional Leather Cleaning Service.)

Graining Variance

Wrinkles

Colour Variations

Backbone Visible

LEATHER 101 (Dublin, Siena, Barolo, Heritage, Mardi Gras, Epic, Prescott)


Semi Anilines: The tanning process of semi-aniline begins in the same way as an Aniline, however, have the addition of

color pigments applied to the surface.

A very light pigment coat is sprayed or rolled onto the hide surface, generally it is just enough to aid in offering a uniform colour.

The light pigment also provides a degree of protection from fading and helps to control SOME shade variations from hide to hide.

Semi-aniline (and Aniline) leathers are ‘full grain’, meaning that typically no alterations have been made to the surface of the leather.

More susceptible to liquid absorption due to natural porosity.


Slightly different shade variations can still occur (less then an aniline), as pieces are cut from different parts of the hide, this is not a material defect, but evidence that it is natural leather.

Unprotected Leathers such as this, require special handling. Leather care products are recommended for their protection and cleaning (Use a professional Leather Cleaning Service.)

Neck Wrinkles

Open/Closed Scars

Brands

Graining Variance

LEATHER 101 (Cowboy, Dakota, Dallas, Mustang, Queensland, Roxy, Palma, Tuscania, Classic)


Pull Up (Wax and Oil Pull-ups): Oil and wax pull-up leathers are basically aniline leathers that are coated with a certain wax or oil on the surface

of the leather to produce a finish that gives a unique feel and response to wear.

The natural lines in the leather are distinctly lighter than the rest of the surface of the leather, sometimes almost appearing like slight cracks.

Surface scratches are more pronounced but can be removed by rubbing them with your fingertips. The warmth of your hand releases the natural oils, blending away the marks. The leather takes on a beautiful aged look that should take years to create.

Wax pull-ups also have a distinctive look to them, designed to become “distressed” looking over time, becoming lighter in areas with use, or even with upholstery.

When pulled tight around corners and edges or with consumer use, produces a brilliant burst and change of colour. Pull-ups are full aniline leathers that have received an oil and/or wax application. When the leather is pulled, the oil and/or wax separates, causing the colour to become lighter.

More susceptible to liquid absorption due to natural porosity.


Shade variations can still occur, because pieces are cut from different parts of the hide, this is not a material defect, but evidence that it is natural leather.

Unprotected Leathers such as this, require special handling. (Use a professional Leather prod.)

Distressed

Tics & Scars

Brands

Urine Burns

LEATHER 101 (Linea, Valencia, Bull, Santiago, Elegance, Madras )


Brands

Pigmented: Leather may be buffed (corrected) to reduce and conceal heavy natural scarring & blemishes.

Leather is coloured with coating containing opaque pigments. Coated with clear sealant to enhance stain resistance. Degrees of topcoat pigmentation (protection) varies in this category from light to heavy.

The pigments actually create a film on top of the leather hide, and depending on the heaviness of the application, the pigments may actually cover the actual surface and camouflage excessive scarring or "defects." However, the lighter the coating of pigment, the softer the feel, but the more natural scarring will show.

Leather is embossed with grain pattern to ensure uniformity of colour & resistance to fading, creating a highly uniform and consistent texture.

Referred to as ‘protected leathers’, most common leathers for many consumers and the most practical. Least likely top-grain leather to fade or stain.

Excellent durability with minimal maintenance. Top coated leather is very durable and will provide excellent wear characteristics if maintained properly.

Very little natural leather markings can be seen through the coated surface because a pigmented “non-penetrating” dye is used to “paint” the leather’s surface.

Water will not stain this leather nor does it scratch easily.

There are some natural defects (such as brands, tics, holes) to cut around for the Upholsterer, but due to the pigmentations, corrections & embossment, the yield is very good

Grain (Fine & Lrg)

Scars

Tics & Bug Bites

LEATHER 101 Brazilian Raw


Banded area (Butt), this is where the brands typically are, but it depends from what country the material comes from, there could be some central brands and can vary from 2-4 brands per hide, depending on material being purchased.

Neck hole is common for Brazilian Raw material, as this particular cow has a HUMP on his neck, consequently this is the structure of the cow. Sometimes these holes are sewn shut. Because the hides are very large from this area, this should not affect the yield when cutting.

Small tics or holes can be found around the top section (neck portion) depending on the certain climate/country material comes from. This could be caused by rash, bug bites, etc…

Scars and scratches in the butt are could be caused by barbed wire fences, or other surfaces.

LEATHER 101 European Raw


TICS

COLOUR VARIATIONS

HOLE

BELLY WRINKLES

BACKBONE

STAINING

NECK WRINKLES

Back Bone, neck wrinkles, belly wrinkles, all very common for the European cow when process for an Aniline, Wax Pull Up.

The European Cow ranges free, no fences, barb wire effect, no branding within Europe.

LEATHER 101 HIDE BREAKDOWN


LEATHER 101


BASIC CARE OF LEATHER Keep leather looking new by vacuuming or dusting with a clean, dry cloth weekly.

If necessary, gently wipe spots with clean cloth and lukewarm water.

If the stain persists, use a mild soap & dry any excess moisture w/ a clean cloth immediately.

Never allow spills to set.

Never use detergents or alcohol-based products to clean spots.

Avoid the use of ANY chemical polishes or soaps.

Do not place leather goods in direct sunlight. Take caution when placing leather furniture near windows. All natural leather may fade.

Avoid placing your furniture near sources of excessive heat, Take care not to place your furniture less than 2 feet away from a radiator or similar heat source.

Avoid the use of sharp objects on or near the leather furniture.

Consult a professional if you use commercial leather cleaners, not all cleaners are recommended for all leathers.

• GENERAL CARE AND MAINTENANCE Leather upholstered furniture should require little or no care under most normal household conditions. It is the most durable and strongest material used for the upholstery of furniture. Although leather is the most durable upholstery material available, leathers will stain or change in character from food and liquid spills, or from body oils. In order to keep your leather product looking beautiful, please refer to cleaning instructions found under each specific leather classification. No matter how much care is taken with your fine home furnishings, a certain amount of degradation will occur from environmental or mechanical conditions existing within your home. The following are some examples and what can be done to minimize the damage.

• DIRECT SUNLIGHT Ultra-violet rays in sunlight will eventually result in fading for most fabrics, and leathers. Some leathers perform better than others in direct sunlight.

• ABRASIVES AND CLEANING SOLUTIONS Saddle soap, oils, detergents, furniture polish, abrasive cleaning solvents or ammonia should never be used to clean upholstery leather. The majority of spills on your leather upholstery require only gentle wiping. Always remember that vigorous rubbing can damage the surface.

• HEAT SOURCES It is not recommended to place your leather furniture near strong heat sources such as a fireplace, radiators, or direct sunlight. Such heat can dry out the natural oils in leather and cause stiffness and cracking.

LEATHER 101 CARING FOR YOUR LEATHER FURNITURE


• Leather is a natural product produced as a byproduct of animal hides (mostly cows, steer, and water buffalo). Due to the lifestyle of the animals, leather will always have natural markings such as brands, insect bites, scars, fat wrinkles, stretch marks, abrasions, and burns. These natural markings are not considered defects but rather are indications of true full top grain leather.

• Some natural markings may be less evident in leathers that have had the top grain altered via sanding processes and then covered up with pigments. These leathers tend to be more uniform in color and texture but sacrifice the natural softness and raw beauty of the product.

• Most high quality leathers are only stained with translucent dyes that allow all the natural beauty of the leather to show • including the markings mentioned above. In addition to these distinct characteristics, the leather may also vary (some-

times excessively) in dye lot coloration, much like the staining of wood products. Some leathers such as "pull-ups" (leather with waxes and oils pressed into the surface) are created to enhance this dye variation and will become extreme as the leather is pulled over upholstered frames.

• Natural markings and dye lot variations are in no way considered defects. It is a common policy to accept no returns on product for any reason where the cause is due to the nature of this product.

LEATHER 101 Leather Disclaimer


“PIGMENTED/EMBOSSED” CORRECTED LEATHERS The hide selection for this type of leather includes those which have extreme amounts of scars and markings. First, the surface of the leather is heavily sanded to remove the excess scars, insect bites, or other noticeable imperfections. Corrected Top Grains receive an opaque protective top coat of solid color referred to as pigment. This gives the hide an even, consistent coloration throughout. Any shade imaginable can be achieved with this finish application. After coloration is complete, the tannery then embosses a grain pattern onto the hide to create a uniform appearance.

These leathers are considered to be the most serviceable of all leathers and are usually the least expensive, but they sacrifice the “hand” due to the sanding, embossing, and pigmenting.

“SEMI ANILINE” LEATHERS This full top grain leather requires more, select hides due to the fact that there will be no sanding or embossing to this product. As with all full top grain leathers, the pattern and texture will vary across the hide. These leathers are aniline dyed throughout and a light opaque, protective top coat is then applied to the surface, to even out the color.

These leathers, like Corrected Top Grain leathers, are considered to be extremely serviceable. Yet, their texture is more pleasing than the corrected grain leathers because the surface remains natural.

How To Clean – (Cleaning Code P - Protected) CLEANING IS RECOMMENDED BY USING AN ALMOST DRY TO SLIGHT DAMP SPONGE AND THE SUDS FROM A MILD SOAPY SOLUTION. RINSE WELL WITH A CLEAN SPONGE AND PAT DRY WITH A TOWEL. NO OTHER CLEANING METHOD IS RECOMMENDED.

LEATHER 101 Leather Classification against cleaning instructions


LEATHER 101 Leather Classification against cleaning instructions


PURE ANILINE” LEATHERS The velvety hand of the pure aniline full top grain leather is the trademark of this category of leather. It is the leather industry's equivalent to fine art or a rare diamond. Pure Aniline leather satisfies the most sophisticated consumer who will settle for nothing less than the best. Little is done to this hide other than to tumble it gently in an aniline dye drum. Pure aniline leather is the softest in the world, and of such superior quality that less than 5% of all hides available are suited for this category. Pure Aniline is full top grain, meaning that no corrections or alterations have been made to the top surface layer. You can see the hide's natural markings, a testament to its purity.

“PULL-UP” LEATHERS This is a pure aniline, full top grain leather. After the aniline dying process has been completed, the hides are impregnated with oils or wax to give the leather a soft, natural hand. The oils and waxes give the leather a characteristic called "Pull-Up." The unique tanning process of pull-up leathers causes the color in the leather to dissipate and become less intense when the leather is stretched, enhancing the natural markings. All leathers will fade under direct sunlight. However, these leathers are most susceptible to fading at a quicker rate. It will also stain if food or liquids are not wiped off immediately. Natural body oils will also shade the leather slightly, but this shading will blend in with the oils of the leather, giving it a greatly desired patina.

How To Clean - (Cleaning Code A - Aniline) CLEANING IS RECOMMENDED BY USING A DAMP IF NOT DRY CLOTH IN SOME CASES DISTILLED WATER AND SUDS FROM NEUTROGENA® SOAP ON A DAMPENED SPONGE, FEATHERING THE MOISTENED AREA. RINSING IS NOT NECESSARY BECAUSE NEITHER NEUTROGENA® NOR DISTILLED WATER CONTAIN ANY SOLIDS. PATTING WITH A WHITE, CLEAN, DRY TOWEL TO REMOVE EXCESS MOISTURE IS RECOMMENDED. OVER THE YEARS THIS LEATHER MAY DEVELOP A CHARACTER AND SHEEN OF ITS OWN FROM BODY OILS AND USE, RETURNING MANY PLEASANT MEMORIES.

Do not use any products that are not recommended by the manufacturer as they may negatively affect the leather's surface. Check with your supplier first before using any professional cleaner or protector.

• Leather is the oldest, most durable materials known to man. It’s extremely strong because of its 3-dimensional fiber weave structure; it takes more than 200 pounds of pressure to puncture leather-covered furniture and is resistant to tearing as well.

• Most experts give leather an average life four times than that of textile products.• By its nature, leather is not flammable. Leather is the only material that meets the high standards required by the

FAA for airline seating, without the addition of further flame-resistant products.• Leather does not cause allergies. All dust particles can be eliminated from leather, so it is perfect for people who

are allergic to dust.• Leather is a natural substance, leather breathes. Good quality leather contains from 10 to 15 percent of its weight

in water. It absorbs and evacuates moisture that never stays on its surface. Leather is a lot like our skin; it maintains the temperature of the room and is porous. Air moves through leather freely while vinyl and synthetic back fabrics can trap air.

• Leather molds to a form, but will not stretch out of shape. Like a favorite pair of jeans, it conforms to the body shape and becomes more comfortable with each use. Only leather ages so gracefully, becoming more supple and beautiful throughout its years of use.

• Leather is the easiest type of furniture to care for. It needs only occasional dusting/vacuuming or for a more thorough cleaning.

• You should clean every 3-4 months.

LEATHER 101 Selling Techniques


LEATHER 101 Selling Techniques


Six Basic Steps To Selling Leather

Step 1Qualify Lifestyle and usage.

Assess who, how, and where.

Step 2Quiz customers knowledge of leather.

Assess customers understanding and expectations.

Step 3 Educate the customer.

Add whatever knowledge is necessary to correct or broaden a customers understanding of leather.Explain to them what they will see in a finished product.

Step 4Direct the customer.

Demonstrate the correct leather usage.

Step 5Build Excitement.

Highlight the value of leather and durability.Highlight the fantastic colours, textures, natural markings (if applies)

Step 6Close the sale!

ctl leather inc. ct… · dyeing process with thin top-coating provides very even colouration ......

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