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Room With CT Scanner

Console Room

Introduction

• Tomography is from the Greek word "tomos" meaning "slice" and “graph” meaning "describing".

• .

• CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer

Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories.

• The first clinical CT scanners were installed between 1974 and 1976.

• It combines the use of a digital computer together with a rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross sectional images or "slices" of the different organs and body parts such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, etc.

• CT Scan has the unique ability to image a combination of soft tissue, bone, and blood vessels.

• For example, conventional x-ray imaging of the head can only show the dense bone structures of the skull .

Diagram showing relationship of x-ray tube, patient, detector, and image reconstruction computer and display monitor

Generations Of CT Scanner

• First Generation

• Second Generation

• Third Generation

• Fourth Generation

• Fifth Generation

• In the first CT scanner design, a single X-ray source and a single X-ray detector cell collect all the data for a single slice .

• The x–ray head and detector were rotated at arc of 180°.

• A fan–shaped x–ray beam was projected onto a linear array of approximately 30 detectors.

• The x–ray head and detectors could rotate 180° around the patient.

• The time required for a scan was reduced to less than 90 seconds.

• A wider fan–shaped x–ray beam and a curved array of 250–750 detectors.

• Scan times reduced to less than 12 seconds.

• The single detector array made third generation scanners generate ring artifacts.

• A single projection fan–shaped x–ray beam and 600–2000 stationary detectors.

• The x–ray head rotates more than 360 degrees around the patient.

• The detectors are fixed in a circular ring around the patient and x–ray head. Alignment of the x–ray beam to each detector is essential.

• Fifth-generation scanners are unique in that the x-ray source becomes an integral part of the system design.

• The detector array remains stationary, while a high-energy electron beams is electronically swept along a semicircular tungsten strip anode.

• This machine is a research prototype and is not available commercially.

• Volume CT images can be produced in as little as 10 ms.

PARTS OF CT:

• Gantry

• DAS

• Computer

• Storage

Gantry

• The Gantry includes the:

– The X-ray tube

– The Detector Array

– The High-Voltage generator

– The patient Support Couch

DAS (data acquizition system)

• DETECTORS

• CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTERS

• PRE AMPLIFIER

• INTEGRATOR

• ADC

• To computer world

• COMPUTER:It involve processing

• STORAGE:It can be film, CD, Hard Disk, etc.

• CT imaging is used for studying the chest, abdomen and pelvis because it provides detailed, cross-sectional views of all types of tissue.

• CT imaging detect many different cancers, including lung, liver and pancreatic cancer and the tumors of brain and head.

• Since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence of a tumor and measure its size, precise location and the extent of the tumor's involvement with other nearby tissue.

• CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate.

• A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone, soft tissue and blood vessels all at the same time.

• Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides very detailed images of many types of tissue as well as the lungs, bones, and blood vessels.

Manufacturer: Toshiba

Model: Aquilion

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