INFORMATION�TECHNOLOGIES

IN�CONSTRUCTION�SECTORH CHARRUEHerve CHARRUE

Research Director

with special thanks to CSTB Departments

12/2010 JAPAN| DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE PAGE 1

p pTIDS – DAE - ESE – DSSF -DESH

IT�IN�CONSTRUCTION�SECTOR

� CONTEXT

� COMPLEXITY

C O S� MAIN�EXPECTATIONS

� IT�APPLICATIONS

� CSTB��STRATEGY

� MODELING�&�SIMULATION�

� NEXT STEPS� NEXT�STEPS

PAGE 2

CONTEXTPOPULATIONPOPULATION

WORLD�WIDE��POPULATION�

6,9 MDSAGEING

PAGE 3

CONTEXTURBANIZATIONURBANIZATION

total population of the cities higher than 2 millions inhabitants

WORLDWIDEWORLD�WIDE�URBANIZATION�RATE�

population density(Inhab /sq km)

% cities > 2 millions inhab

+ 30% POPULATION WWLIVE IN CITY > 1Mio InH

total population of the cities higher than 2 millions inhabitants

(Inhab /sq km) vs total populationLIVE IN CITY 1Mio InH

(millions)

PAGE 4

TH. BRINKHOFF PRINCIPAL AGGLOMARATIONS OF THE WORLD TOTAL POPULATON STATISTICS

CONTEXTFrance URBANIZATIONFrance�URBANIZATION�

FRENCH URBAN POPULATION TREND 1846 - 1999

MILLIONS INHABITANTS193641,5 Mio InH.

%

80

100

TOTAL

URBAN RURAL

60200965 Mio InH.

URBANIZATION

RATE %

RURAL

PAGE 5

CONTEXTRAPID GROWTHRAPID�GROWTH

SPEED OF GROWTH SHENZENSUSTAINABLE CITY CHALLENGES

Shenzen1996

Shenzen1988

PAGE 6

CONTEXTCITY & DENSITYCITY�&�DENSITY

URBAN DENSITYBUILT ENVIRONMENT

PAGE 7

CONTEXT�CITY & DENSITYCITY�&�DENSITY

URBAN MOBILITYMOBILITY

QUALITYOF LIFE

PAGE 8

CONTEXT�CITY & DENSITYCITY�&�DENSITY

NORTH AMERICAN CITIES

URBAN DENSITY vs LINK BUILDING + TRANSPORT

NORTH AMERICAN CITIES

b/ha

)

MPT

ION

(GJ/

hc)

AUSTRALIAN CITIES

DEN

SITY

(inh

ab

FUEL

CO

MSU

M

EUROPEAN CITIES

ASEAN CITIES UR

BA

ND

AN

NU

AL

F

URBAN DENSITY (inhab/ha) CARS / 1000 inhabitant

PAGE 9

D’après Julien Allaire, Mutation urbaine chinoise et dépendance énergétiqueNewman & Kenworthy, 1989

CONTEXTCITY & DENSITYCITY�&�DENSITY

URBAN ENVIRONMENT vs ENERGY & POLLUTION

FRANCE TRANSPORT + BUILDING ~ 50% GHG EMISSIONS

TRANSPORT

CITYFRANCE� TRANSPORT�+�BUILDING�~�50%�GHG�EMISSIONS�

ENERGY

TRANSPORT26%INDUSTRY

20%BUILDING AGRICULTUREENERGY

PRODUCTIONTRANSFORMATION

13%

BUILDING19% 19%

WASTE trt3%

PAGE 10

CONTEXTCITIES & CITIZENCITIES�&�CITIZEN

RISKS�&�THREATS

PAGE 11

COMPLEXITY�CITIZEN ASPIRATIONSCITIZEN�ASPIRATIONS

Quality of life in EU cities & buildingsINHABITANTS EXPECTATIONS Quality�of�life�in�EU�cities�&�buildings

Comfort,�health,�safety,�security,��

Differentiation,�Living�/�working�CITIZEN

IN EUROPEAN CITIES

conditions,�energies�uses,�no�pollution,�

Environmental�friendly,�social�equity

Acceptable�financial�cost�&�taxes

Kyoto�protocol�

POLITICIANS

y p

Sustainable�development policies

Alternative�Energies�(EnR,�FC…)POLITICIANS

Attractive�Countries,�Regions &�Cities

Sustainable�employment�in EU

PAGE 12

R&D�3%,�GDP�investment,�Taxes

COMPLEXITY�CITIZEN & SUSTAINABLE CITYCITIZEN�&�SUSTAINABLE�CITY

VALUEBUILT

ENVIRONMENT

HOME

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FACTORHDF

RESSOURCES WASTEHOMERESSOURCESAIR

WATERSOIL

FOOD

WASTEAIR

WATERSOIL

WORK ACTIVITIESMOBILITYFOOD

ENERGYGOODS

MATERIALS

FOODENERGYGOODS

MATERIALS

ECONOMIC VALUEGDP(PIB)

VALUEPAGE 13

(PIB)

COMPLEXITY�SUSTAINABLE CITY & CHANGE SPEEDSUSTAINABLE�CITY�&�CHANGE�SPEED�

SPEED OF GROWTH EUROPEAN CITIES

CITYCONTRIBUTION�to�

« FACTEUR��4 »��GHGas TRANSPORT�&�INFRASTRUCTURE

COMPLEXITY

BUILDING

1,5�%��NEW

BUILDING

TIME98,5�%�RENOVATION

PAGE 14

2 – 5 YRS 10 – 15 YRS 20 - 30 YRS

COMPLEXITY�CITIZEN to USERCITIZEN�to�USER

CITIZENETHICS

POLITICSCULTURE

USER ECOMNOMICAL

VALEURPOLITICS

USER�CONSUMER

ECOMNOMICALPLAYER

€ ECONOMY

INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITY

€ ECONOMY

PAGE 15

ACTION

COMPLEXITYCONSTRUCTION « SIMPLIFIED » VALUE CHAINCONSTRUCTION�« SIMPLIFIED »�VALUE�CHAIN

GLASS

WOODBIO MATERIALS

MATERIAL

STEEL

ALUMINUM

MINING/EXTRACTIVEINDUSTRY

EQUIPMENTSSUPPLIERS

CONSTRUCTION USE &MAINTENANCE

RENOVATION

MATERIALSUPPLIERSCEMENT

GOVERNMENT

DESIGN

CONTRACTORS

CONSTRUCTION USE &MAINTENANCE

DEMOLITION

OWNERTENANT

ARCHITECTSENGINEERSDESIGNERS DEMOLITION COMPANIES

DEVELOPERS

SERVICE INDUSTRY

DESIGN

FINANCINGINSTITUTIONS

DESIGNERS

RECYCLING & MATERIALRE-USE COMPANIESINSURANCE COMPANIES

PAGE 16

WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANIES

COMPLEXITY�MULTI SCALE & SYSTEMIC APPROACHMULTI�SCALE��&�SYSTEMIC�APPROACH

CLIMATE TERRITORIES10 4

10 5

BUILDING

CDISTRICT

CITY10 3

10 4

TRAFFICHYDROLOGYGRASS & TREES BUILDING

NETWORKS 10 2

10GRASS & TREES

EMISSIONS EQUIPMENTS

BUILDING 10

1

CITYCOMPONANTS

MATERIALS10 2

10 -1

Page 17

Components of Urban Morphology studied by the Lab.GIS Layers Image Copyright © ESRI. All rights reserved.Used by permission. www.esri.com

10 -2

10 -10

COMPLEXITY�PHENOMENON & SCALES ISSUESPHENOMENON�&�SCALES�ISSUES��

SOLLICITATIONS MULTI SCALE IMPACTS

WIND

SOLLICITATIONS MULTI SCALE IMPACTSPUBLICPOLICIES

WATER

SUNCITY

METANATURALSIMULATION

TEMPERATURE

SEISMSYSTEMS

MESO

MACROFIRE

BLAST

COMPONENTS

MACRO

MICRO

ANTHROPICANALYSIS

POLLUTIONMATERIAL

MICRO

NANO

PAGE 18

NANO

ECONOMY & HUMAN SCIENCES HUMAN BEHAVIOR

MAIN�EXPECTATIONSROLE & MISSION CSTBROLE�&�MISSION�CSTB�

TO�SUCCEED�IN�

� QUALITY�&�SAFETY�OF�SUSTAINABLE�CONSTRUCTION��vs�PUBLIC�POLICIES

SECURITYENERGY�ENVIRONMENTHEALTHSOCIAL�– ECONOMYNUMERICAL�INTEGRATION

Page 19

MAIN�EXPECTATIONS�ROLE & MISSION CSTBROLE�&�MISSION�CSTB�

TO�SUCCEED�IN

� ACTORS�OF�CONSTRUCTION�CHAIN�SUPPORT

EXPERTISE & TECHNICAL SUPPORTEXPERTISE�&�TECHNICAL�SUPPORTREGULATIONS�IMPLEMENTATIONTECHNICAL & GLOBAL DATATECHNICAL�&��GLOBAL�DATASIMULATION�&�MANAGEMENT�TOOLS

IT�SOLUTIONS�FROM�SCIENCE�TO�SOFT�&�DATA�MANAGEMENT

Page 20

IT�APPLICATIONSMAIN EXPECTATIONSMAIN�EXPECTATIONS

PHENOMENON&�SYSTEMS

� DESCRIPTIONR&D

� MEASURMENTS� MODELING

ENGINEERING

� SIMULATION� TRAINING MANAGEMENT

EVALUATION

PAGE 21

IT�APPLICATIONSMAINS DOMAINS &SCALESMAINS�DOMAINS�&SCALES�

ECONOMY�& SOCIAL10 4

10 5

LIFE�SCIENCES

PHYSICS�SCIENCES &�SOCIAL�

SCIENCES10 3

10 4 SCIENCESSCIENCES

10 2

1010

1

10 2

10 -1

PAGE 22

10 -2

10 -10

CSTB�STATEGYMULTI SCALE & SYSTEMIC SUPPORTMULTI�SCALE��&�SYSTEMIC�SUPPORT

� DEVELOPMENT &�DEPLOYMENT

TO�SUPPORT�SUSTAINABLE�CONSTRUCTION

� Urban�Information�Models (City�GML)�� Construction�Information�Models (BIM�/�IFC)

COUPLED�WITH�SIMULATION�CAPABILITIES�

MODELING& SIMULATION&�SIMULATION+�visualisation+�inter�operation

Page 23

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONPROCESS SCHEMEPROCESS��SCHEME

THEORETICAL APPROACH

NUMERICAL SIMULATION HYBRIDATION ITNUMERICAL SIMULATION

EXPERIMENTATION

HYBRIDATION IT

VIRTUAL REALITYDESIGN

MEASURMENTS - ON SITE EXPERTISE TOOLS

RISK ASSESSMENT - MANAGEMENT REGULATION

PAGE 24

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFROM NANO TO APPLICATIONFROM�NANO�TO�APPLICATION�

CONCRETE : POROUS, HIGHLY HETEROGENEOUS, INCLUDIND RESIDUAL WATER. INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON GLOBAL BEHAVIOUR UNDER MECHANICAL & THERMAL SOLICITATIONS DUE TOMECHANICAL & THERMAL SOLICITATIONS DUE TO WATER CONTENT

IMPACT ON TYPE OF DAMAGE UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

� adsorbed water� inter layer waterSereda et al

(SPLITTING, FLAKING) PARTICULARLY FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

Sereda et al.1968

NANO

CONCRETE

Pores (10nm – 100μm)Sand (0,5mm – 2,5mm)Aggregate (3mm – 25mm)

PAGE 25

MICROSTRUUCTURE

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFROM NANO TO APPLICATION CONCRETEFROM�NANO�TO�APPLICATION�� CONCRETE�

SIMULATION MODEL CONCRETEd�

dd�

VARIABLES

Liquid phaseiTEMPERATURE – MOISTURE

MECHANIC i

idm�

dPi= [P]Water vaporDry air

i

HIGH TEMPERATURE EFFECT

GAZ PRESSURE (AIR, VAPOUR)

dS dT

PARAMETERS( , )

LIQUIDE & CAPILLARY PRESSURE

THERMO MECHANICAL DAMAGE

MECHANIC THERMIC

K G C

PARAMETERS

THERMO – MECHANICAL DAMAGE

DAMAGE IMPACT ON PERMEABILITY

WATER

K0 , G C

�i

mb i

�

WATERN ij

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFROM NANO TO APPLICATION CONCRETE

NUMERICAL CONCRETE

FROM�NANO�TO�APPLICATION�� CONCRETE��

NUMERICAL CONCRETEMULTI PHASE CONCRETE WITH RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF AGGREGATES AND PORESTAKING INTO ACCOUNT REAL GRANULOMETRY OF STUDIED CONCRETE

AGGREGATE

MESH

FEM

PAGE 27

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFROM NANO TO APPLICATION ANCHORFROM�NANO�TO�APPLICATION�� ANCHOR�

The failure occurs by a local concrete damage in front ofThe failure occurs by a local concrete damage in front ofthe anchor followed by a steel failure

80

100

120

20

40

60

Load displacement curves: shear failure

05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Load displacement curve : alternate shear simulation

PAGE 28

Load displacement curves: shear failureexperimental and simulation results.

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFROM NANO TO APPLICATION BRIDGEFROM�NANO�TO�APPLICATION��� BRIDGE�

FLUID DYNAMIC MODEL

+ AERODYNAMIC CONDITIONS

BASED ON METEOROLOGICAL MODEL

Simplified 2D model

Fluid mesh 30 knods

PAGE 29

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCITY SCALE TRAFIC

TRAFFIC MODEL INTEGRATION WITHIN AN URBAN

CITY�SCALE�� TRAFIC

TRAFFIC MODEL INTEGRATION WITHIN AN URBANINFORMATION MODEL (COLLABORATION WITH INRETS)

TWO MODELING LEVELS� Macroscopic model at the city level : impact of (re)development actions on traffic� Microscopic model : each vehicle interacts with surrounding vehicles

Macroscopic Level Microscopic Level

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCITY SCALE NOISECITY�SCALE�� NOISE�

NOISE�EXPOSITION�&�TRAFFIC

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONDYNAMIC�SIMLATION�

ON�CONSTRUCTION�SITE

Page 32

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCITY SCALE AIR & POLLUTIONCITY�SCALE�AIR�&�POLLUTION�

AIR�POLLUTION�TAKING�INTO�ACCOUNT�TRAFFIC��&�METEOROLOGY

Air qualityNoise simulations

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCITY & BUILDING SCALE LIGHTCITY�&�BUILDING�SCALE�– LIGHT

URBAN�LIGHTING

13 h

SUN EXPOSITIONSUN�EXPOSITION

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCITY SCALE LIGHT & ELECTROMAGNETICCITY�SCALE�– LIGHT�&�ELECTROMAGNETIC

ANTENNA�TILT

EXPOSITION��TO�ANTENNA

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONHIGH PERFORMANCE PHOTO MODELLINGHIGH��PERFORMANCE�PHOTO�MODELLING

CREATION OF 3D HIGH DEFINITION MODELS USING SIMPLE PHOTOS� AUTOMATIC PROCESS INDEPENDENT FROM EXPOSITION & ZOOM� AUTOMATIC PROCESS INDEPENDENT FROM EXPOSITION & ZOOM� HIGH PERFORMANCE ALGORITHMIC few hours of computing time

Page 36

LABO COMMUN ENPC CSTB

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONURBAN APPLICATIONURBAN�APPLICATION

CAGNES�SUR�MER�235 IMAGES235�IMAGES

Page 37

� ABILITY TO DESCRIBE FROM A PHYSICAL STAND POINT FROM LARGE TO NARROW SCALE AT CITY LEVEL AS A LIMIT CONDITION OF THE BUILDING

� NECESSITY TO DESCRIBE BUILDING AT THE � NECESSITY TO DESCRIBE BUILDING AT THE COMPONANT SCALE IN ORDER TO PRECISELY SIMULATE HOW IT WORKSSIMULATE HOW IT WORKS

Page 38

MODELING�&�SIMULATION

BUILDING INFORMATIONMODELBUILDING�INFORMATION�MODEL

Cost

BUILDING�INFORMATION�MODELING�ROCESS�OF�GENERATING�AND�MANAGING�BUILDING�DATA�DURING�LIFE�CYCLE

AnalysisProduct data

BIM IS�A�SINGLE�INTEGRATED�MODEL�REPRESENTATION�FROM�WHICH�ALL�DRAWINGS & REPORTS ARE GENERATED

Database Sensors

DRAWINGS�&�REPORTS�ARE�GENERATED�WHICH�ARE�CONSISTENT

BIM COVERS GEOMETRY SPATIALBIM�COVERS�GEOMETRY,�SPATIAL�RELATIONSHIPS,�GEOGRAPHIC�INFORMATION,�QUANTITIES�AND�PROPERTIES�OF�BUILDING�COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

Page 39

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONEXISTING CSTB SOFTWARE

ClimaWin : ENERGY

EXISTING��CSTB�SOFTWARE

ElodieENVIRONMENT

AcoubatACOUSTICS

O ti i

ACOUSTICSBIM-IFC

Optimigreenhouseeffect

BatimaxMeasurement,estimation, planning, description yarddescription, yard management

Page 40

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONACTUAL BIM LIMITATIONSACTUAL�BIM�LIMITATIONS

� BIM MODELS GENERALLY MADE OF GENERICMATERIALS COMPONENTS SYSTEMSMATERIALS – COMPONENTS - SYSTEMS

� DO NOT CONTAIN REAL AND PRECISE DESCRIPTION OFINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS USED IN THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

PROBLEM FOR MODEL PRECISION AND COMPLETION

PROBLEM FOR SIMULATION ACCURACY BY THE MODEL

Page 41

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONACTUAL BIM LIMITATIONSACTUAL�BIM�LIMITATIONS

SIMULATION�

=

Page 42

REALITY

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONCOLLABORATION CSTB / SAINT GOBAINCOLLABORATION�CSTB�/�SAINT�GOBAIN

� OBJECTIVE: TO DESCRIBE A SYSTEM IN BIM, BASED ON IFC STANDARD, � DESCRIPTION SHOULD EXPRESS CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES OF SYSTEMS� GEOMETRY AND POSITION OF THE PRODUCTS ARE CONSTRAINED BY THEGEOMETRY AND POSITION OF THE PRODUCTS ARE CONSTRAINED BY THE

CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH PROJECT� PRODUCTS CHOSEN ACCORDING TO REGULATION CONSTRAINTS &

PERFORMANCES THE DESIGNER WANTS TO ACHIEVEPERFORMANCES THE DESIGNER WANTS TO ACHIEVE.

Page 43

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONARCHITECTURE OF IFC CONFIGURATORARCHITECTURE�OF�IFC�CONFIGURATOR

C l f I d i l

Simple BIM

Catalogue from Industrials

ProductsProductsProductsArticles

ArticlesArticles D i

Regulation DB (/country)

DocsmultimediaDocs

multimediaDocslti di

IFCArticles . Designer

Interface(/country)= rules and

performances to achieve

multimedia

XML XML

Systems EnrichedIFC

1. Industrial building BIM-IFCmodel

developmentworkshop To simulation & calculation tools (thermal,

acoustics, environmental impact, financial, …) Page 44

IFC

Page 45

MODELING�&�SIMULATIONFULL CHAIN

CONFIGURATOR IS BASED ON CSTB’S IFC VIEWER

FULL�CHAIN

� CONFIGURATOR IS BASED ON CSTB’S IFC VIEWER

(EVEBIM)(EVEBIM)

Thermal simulations Environmental impact Costs and descriptions

Page 46

NEXT�STEPSKEY ISSUESKEY�ISSUES

HAVING THE ABILITY TO DESCRIBE VARIOUS SOLUTIONS UNDER VARIOUS LIMIT CONDITIONS AND PRECISIONUNDER VARIOUS LIMIT CONDITIONS AND PRECISION

� INTEGRATE USAGE & USER COPORTMENTUSER ACCEPTABILITY SOCIAL & ECONOMY� USER ACCEPTABILITY - SOCIAL & ECONOMY

� OBSERVATION OF REALITY & DATA MANAGEMENT

TOWARDS A MAJOR CHANGE IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR AND ALL ITS ACTORS TROUGH IT SOLUTIONSFORSECTOR AND ALL ITS ACTORS TROUGH IT SOLUTIONSFORCONCEPTION – ENGINEERING - TRAINING - MANAGEMENT

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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