csp technologie, potentiale und perspektiven für...
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Energy
CSP Technologie, Potentiale und Perspektiven für Tunesien und die MENA Region
Louy QoaiderContributions of P. Heller, C. Richter, K. Hennecke, M. Eck, F. Trieb, R. Pitz-Paal
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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1. Concentration via parabolic mirrors produces heat on a receiver (400 – 1000° C),
2. High temperature heat can be converted to power in conventional power cycles, including optional thermal storage or hybridization with other fuels
3. or can be used directly for other thermal processes (cooling, industry, chemistry)
Basic operating principle of Concentrating Solar Systems
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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes
Solar Receiver
Heliostats
Absorber Tube
Pipe with thermal fluid
Curved mirror
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Central Receiver
Parabolic Trough
Dish/Engine
Linear Fresnel
Absorber tube andreconcentrator
Curvedmirror
Solar Receiver
Heliostats
Solar Receiver
Heliostats
Absorber Tube
Pipe with thermal fluid
Curved mirror
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Receiver / Engine
Reflector
Central Receiver
Parabolic Trough
Dish/Engine
Linear Fresnel
Absorber tube andreconcentrator
Curvedmirror
Linear Concentration
C: 100, T: ~ 500° C
Point Concentration
C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000° C
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Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes
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Concentrating Solar PowerStatus of commercial technology
Parabolic Trough HTF: Thermal Oil Mature and commercially proven technologyCompeting products with similar dimensionsPlant sizes: 14 – 80 MWe
Power TowerWater/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe) Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe)Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe)
Linear FresnelPrototype systems with significant industrial engagement
Dish Systems: new product developments, large projects announced
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Projects in Spain: Plant layout Andasol
Turbina de vapor
Condensador
Precalentadorde presión baja
Sobrecalentador
Precalentadorsolar
Recalentadorsolar
Generador de vapor
Tanque de expansión
Campo Solar
Caldera
Combustibe
(Opcional)
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2 storage tanks:2 storage tanks:
ØØ = 36 m= 36 m
h = 14 mh = 14 m
28.500 tm28.500 tmmolten saltmolten salt
7,5 h storage 7,5 h storage
Current CSP projects: Andasol 1 plant50 MW capacity, 7,5 h storage (Solar Millennium, ACS)2 km² Area. Granada, Spain.
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Solar Tower PS20 (Spain, Abengoa)
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95
96
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100
Ava
ilabi
lity
- %
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
III IV V VI VII
The SEGS Experience in California
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Effic
ienc
y [%
]
0
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1000
1200
Dire
ct N
orm
al R
adia
tiom
[W/m
²]
05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00
Solar to Electric Efficiency (gross)
Direct Normal Radiation
Thermal SolarField Efficiency-
Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company
High availabilityHigh solar efficiency
Aerial View of SEGS Plants
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Introduction of CSP in North Africa: Status
Algeria: 150 MW Combined Cycle under constructionEgypt: 140 MW Combined Cycle under constructionMarokko: 470 MW Combined Cycle under constructionCSP Power Plants planned in Jordan und LybiaFeed-In tarifs for Renewables planned or already established
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Summary of Technical Parameters
20Capacity of Solar portion (MWe)
79Nameplate Capacity of gas turbine (MWe)
76.5Nameplate Capacity of steam turbine (MWe)
852Net electric energy (GWhe/a)
33Solar electric energy (GWhe/a)
4%Solar share(%)
8000Fuel saving due to the solar portion (T.O.E / a)
20000CO2 reduction (T / a)
Kuraymat 140 MW Solar thermal power plant
Source: NREA
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Status 140MW Combined Power Plant with a 20 MW Solar Plant Kuraymat, Egypt
Conventional Power Block: NREA contracts IBERDROLA Ingenería Construcciòn S.A.U.
(30.9.2007)
Solar Plant + 2 Jahr O&M: ORASCOM Construction Industries (Egypt) (Contract placed
21.10.2007)
Engineering and Supervision: Fichtner Solar GmbH (Contract placed 7.2.2008)
Start of Construction April 2008
Termination 2010
Source: NREA
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R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Test Facilities Worldwide
PSI (CH)
Solar One (US)
WIS (IL)
CNRS (F)CRTF Sandia (US)
PSA (E)
ANU (AUS)WIS (IL)
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International RD&D collaboration: IEA SolarPACES IA
SolarPACES is a worldwide coalition of 12 member countries collaborating and sharing information on technology development and applications of concentrated solar energy
MEXICO
USA
SOUTH AFRICA
ISRAELEGYPT
SPAIN
SWITZERLANDGERMANY
FRANCE
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
AUSTRALIA
ALGERIA
AUSTRALIA
GERMANY
SOUTH AFRICAALGERI
AEGYPT
EUFRANC
E
ISRAELMEXICO SPAIN SWITZER-LAND
UNITED STATES
COREA
COREA
Interested: Greece, Austria, Italy, UAE, Namibia, Portugal
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• T = 400°C
• p = 100 bar
• l = 500 m (700 m)
• Pth ≈ 1,5 MW
• all operation modes are realizable
• more than 8000 operation hours
Parabolic Troughs – New Transfer fluids: Example: Direct Steam Generation, DISS Test Facility
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Parabolic Troughs – DSG Achievements
▪ potential of cost reduction determined to be 11-15% (compared to HTF)
▪ feasibility proven at life size test-facility
▪ development of absorber tubes for T = 500°C
▪ detailed engineering of first demonstration plant finished
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Solar TowersIncrease power block efficiency
▪ Power block already fully developed
▪ Increase operation temperature
▪ Use appropriate working fluid
▪ air
▪ water/steam
▪ molten salt
▪ sodium
▪ …
▪ Change power cycle
G
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Maximum live steam parameter:
535°C100 bar
Receiver heat transfer fluid:Molten nitrate salt
Backup Options:
Thermal storage is an integral part of the concept
Technology Status
10 MWe System demonstration at Solar 2 (USA)
Operated from1996 to 1999
17 MWe Solar Tres under development in Spain
Solar Towers: Molten salt receiver
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 [°C]
565°
CStorage Tank
Cold SaltStorage Tank
Hot Salt
ConventionalEPGS
Steam Generator
o C565290 o C
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Maximum live steam parameter:
565°C110 bar
Receiver heat transfer fluid:Air (1 bar)
Backup Options:
Thermal storage filled with ceramics
Duct burner
Technology Status
3 MWth air loop demonstration at Plataforma Solar de Almeria
1,5 MWe pilot power plant Jülich, Germany
750°
C
Solar Tower: Atmospheric air receiver
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800 [°C]
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Rankineη = 16 % (annual)
Rankineη = 16 % (annual)
CCη = 25 % (annual)
Solar TowersSolar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
PS-10 Trough(HTF)
Trough(DSG)
Tower(Salt)
Tower(Na/Sn)
Tower(Air/CC)
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers Summary
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▪ R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems
▪ One promising option is to increase operation temperature
▪ For trough systems 500°C are realistic in the mid term
▪ For solar towers 1000°C have been demonstrated
▪ SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency
▪ A standard technology is not likely for the future
R&D tasks
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Mirror ShapeContour accuracy of concentrator
PhotogrammetryDeflectometryField tests (flux around
Performance Measurement (DLR)
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Thermal Energy Storage Activities at DLRSolid/liquid TES from 100 to 1000 °C
Various sensible TES conceptsdirected towards process heat and power generation
• oil / concrete• molten salt• air / solids–packed bed/fluidized bed
Salt storagetank
Distributionring header
Immersionheater (4)
Foundation
Saltpump
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Roadmap for CSP Plants(installed Power)
Potential of CSP in Europe: installed capacity and annual energy production
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
2012 2020 20300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
TWh/
a
60 GW / 170 TWh
30 GW / 85 TWh
4 GW / 11 TWh
GW
inst
alle
d Spain Portugal Italy Greece Cyprus+Malta
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Expected LEC development
PV Feed-In Spain
Wind Feed-In Spain
CSP good solar site
Baseload Coal Plants
Midload
CSP high solar site
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2054
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Future CSP Potential through HVDC-Supergrids enormous
Wind Power
Geothermal
Hydropower
Biomass
Solar Power
Conventional
Wind Power
Geothermal
Hydropower
Biomass
Solar Power
Conventional
HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission
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enerMENATowards a sustainable implementation of solar thermal power in
the MENA Region
Fund of the German Foreign Ministry
Duration 2.5 years
Linked to existing programms in MENA region (GTZ, CIM, KfW, InWent, etc.)
Coordinator: DLR
Frameworks of DESERTEC Concept and Mediterranean Solar Plan
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Objectives of enerMENA
Capacity Building and Optimization
Technological cooperation and targeted support
Support the development of local technical capacities
Education, workshops, transfer of technology and practical training
Sustainable implementation of CSP, acceleration through multiplier effect
Long – term dissemination of gained Know-how and Long term support for established local staffs.Create a network of high precise meteorological stations in MENA region.
Partner countries: Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Jordan
Transfer of Expert Knowledge
Foster local capacities for project planning and development
Dissemination of CSP technology and Support
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Module 1
Module 3Module 2
Capacity Building and Optimization
Disseminationand Support
Transfer of ExpertKnowledge
Research OrganizationsEPC ContractorsO&M companies
Academics in NetworksUniversities,High SchoolsVocational Training Centers
Project Developers,Utilities,Decision Makers,Research Organizations.
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Module 1 Capacity Building
eM-CB01
4-week intensive course at PSA, Spain
eM-CB02
Joint measurement campaign at CSP site
Upgrade Optical Efficiency
eM-CB03
Joint measurement campaign at CSP site
Upgrade Thermal Efficiency
Workshops: Discussion of Results
Q3 - 2010
Q1 - 2011
Q3 - 2011
Technical Staff for CSP Plant Quality Control
• Establish capable technical staffs to ensure the quality of CSP Plants. • Theoretical and practical modules for planning and efficiency improvement. • Long term cooperation and support.
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Hardware and Training
Mobile Laboratory
Mechanical and electronic devicesTools and equipment for
photogrammetry to qualify solar collectorsDevices to evaluate thermal
characteristics of a collector
Training
4-week course at PSAPossible candidates:
Foremen and engineers of construction sitesPersons playing a key role in the multiplication of know-how
Announcement on enerMENA web site
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Transfer of Expert Knowledge: Overview
Establish fundaments of Local Know-How
Provision of CSP teaching materials to support local institutions, Workshops for professors and teachers.
Cooperation with:
Higher education institutes in partner countriesUni KasselSolar-Institut JülichGerman Academic Exchange Services DAAD
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Structural approach of CSP fundamentals and special knowledge
CSP
Grid Integration
Technologies
OpticalandThermo-Dynamical
Basics
IntroductionSolar
Radiation
Economics
Site Criteria/Site
assessment
Social, Economical
and Legal Con-siderations
Maintenanceand Operation
CSP Plantsworldwide: successive
update
technicaleconomical
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Dissemination and Support
Development of project planning methodology Precise determination of local solar resourceNetwork of eight precision meteorological stations to provide data with highest reliability to support RSP and satellite dataEstablishing of local contact pointsLocal contact points long term support by DLR expertsEstablishing of project office in Germany for the long term support
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Slide 36 www.dlr.de/unisolar
Precise determination of local solar resource
Network of high-precision meteorological stationsfor solar resource assessmentEight high precise measurement of beam, global and diffuse irradiance Accuracy between 1 and 2%Measurement of relative humidity, air temperature and barometric pressureMeasurement of wind speed and direction at 10m heightAutomatic Data Retrieval (via GSM) and Processing
Maintenance personnel for regular (daily) cleaning and 230V~ power supply required
establish a reliable meteorological database for MENASupport network of Rotating Shadowband Pyranometer (RSP) and satellite data
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German Know-How for the CSP markets
Company/Institute Name (Webpage)Sector
Solar Millennium (www.solarmillennium.de)Man Solar Millennium (www.man-solarmillennium.com)
Solar Power Group (www.spg-gmbh.com)Novatec-Biosol (www.novatec-biosol.de)Kraftanlagen München (www.ka-muenchen.de)
Plants
Schott Solar (www.schott.com)Flabeg (www.flabeg.com)Senior Berghöfer (www.senior-berghöfer.de)Züblin (www.zueblin.de)
Components
DLR (www.dlr.de)Solar Institut Jülich (www.fh-aachen.de/solar-institut.html)FhG-ISE (www.ise.fraunhofer.de)Schlaich Bergermann Partner (www.sbp.de)Fichtner Solar (www.fichtner.de)CSP Services (www.cspservices.de)
R&D
Engineering
Services
More Info: www.renewables-made-in-germany.com
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