CSP in SpainCSP in Spain

Cayetano LópezCayetano López

CIEMATCIEMAT

Director GeneralDirector General

December 2011December 2011

The serious drawbacks of the existing energy supply schemeThe serious drawbacks of the existing energy supply schemeImply a change whose main vector is:Imply a change whose main vector is:

Reduce the carbon content of the primary Reduce the carbon content of the primary energy sourcesenergy sourcesEnergy saving and efficiency increaseEnergy saving and efficiency increaseLess fossil fuelsLess fossil fuelsMore renewablesMore renewablesMore (at least keep) nuclear (Fukushima accident?, Gen IV?)More (at least keep) nuclear (Fukushima accident?, Gen IV?)Possible clean use of coal (CO2 capture and sequestration)Possible clean use of coal (CO2 capture and sequestration)Fusion (not available in the short term)Fusion (not available in the short term)

None of these alternatives are free of problems. To implement None of these alternatives are free of problems. To implement them, a big effort in technology development and political them, a big effort in technology development and political support is necessary.support is necessary.

The elements of change in the energy The elements of change in the energy paradigmparadigm

Electricity Generation in Spain, 2010Electricity Generation in Spain, 2010

Renewables: 35 %

Natural Gas, 32 %

Nuclear, 20 %

Wind, 15 %

Hydro, 14 %

Coal, 8 %

Oil products, 5 %

Solar, 3 %

Biomass & Waste, 3 %

CO2 emissions by unit of electricity produced

Renewables in 2010:

11,3% in Primary Energy

13,2 % in Final Energy

35 % in Electricity

5 % biofuels

Renewables in the Spain energy Renewables in the Spain energy supplysupply

The solar resourceThe solar resource

Solar energy is plentiful but diffuseSolar energy is plentiful but diffuse

In good conditions, the daily averaged incoming solar flux is around 220 – 250 W / m2 which, integrated, gives a yearly primary energy of around 2000 – 2200 kWh / m2. This is equivalent to a “rain” of about 20 cm of oil per annum and m2. 1,2 barrel/(year x m2)

With Spain at the Epicenter, Global Concentrated Solar Power Industry to Reach 25 GW by 2020

Cambridge, Massachusetts, 28 April 2009 - Led by development in Spain and potential in the US, concentrated solar power markets are entering a new growth phase, amidst a tumultuous global economic landscape. The CSP industry is scaling rapidly with 1.2 GW under construction as of April 2009 and another 13.9 GW announced globally through 2014, according to a new study from Emerging Energy Research analyzing global CSP markets and strategies.

Spain is the epicenter of CSP development with 22 projects for 1,037 MW under construction, all of which are projected to come online by the end of 2010. Despite only 75 MW of CSP under construction, the US continues to offer significant opportunity for CSP, with 8.5 GW in the pipeline and scheduled for installation by 2014. Attracted to promised lower costs, US utilities have turned to CSP -- through both Power Purchase Agreements and direct ownership -- to meet their Renewable Portfolio Standard mandates.

CSP prospects in Spain, 2009CSP prospects in Spain, 2009

CSP in the world (July 2011)CSP in the world (July 2011)

CSP in Spain (October, 2011)CSP in Spain (October, 2011)

2.500 MW foreseen at the end of 2013

902 MW, 22 plants

2.600 GWh/y

Andasol, 2 x 50MWeAndasol, 2 x 50MWe

Andasol 1: Power Block and StorageAndasol 1: Power Block and Storage

2 tanks: 2 tanks: Ø = 36 m; h = 14 m 28.500 tm of molten saltsØ = 36 m; h = 14 m 28.500 tm of molten salts

7,5 h storage at 50 MW7,5 h storage at 50 MW

CSP and dispatchabilityCSP and dispatchability

Source: Abengoa Solar, 2009

Matching the utility system load profileMatching the utility system load profile

Solúcar PS-10, PS-20Solúcar PS-10, PS-20

Heliostats:Heliostats:

624 x 121 624 x 121 m2m2

1255 x 121 “1255 x 121 “

Tower Tower Height:Height:

120 m120 m

160 m160 m

Power:Power:

11 MWe11 MWe

20 MWe20 MWe

PS-10PS-10

PS-20PS-20

Central Receiver: GemasolarCentral Receiver: Gemasolar

Power: 20 MWe. Storage: 15h at full power

Novatec/Biosol Fresnel, 1,4 MWNovatec/Biosol Fresnel, 1,4 MW

Conditions for the RES deployment

PoliticsPolitics Legislation, IncentivesLegislation, Incentives

Subsidies, etc.Subsidies, etc.

R + DR + D Technology Centers,Technology Centers,

Universities, etc.Universities, etc.

IndustryIndustry Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurship,

Venture capital, etc.Venture capital, etc.

1.- Central Receiver1.- Central Receiver

2.- Parabolic troughs2.- Parabolic troughs

3.- Direct Steam Generation3.- Direct Steam Generation

4.- Stirling Dishes4.- Stirling Dishes

5.- Solar Furnace5.- Solar Furnace

6.- Water Detoxification6.- Water Detoxification

7.- Water Desalination7.- Water Desalination

8.- Energetic Efficiency in Buildings 8.- Energetic Efficiency in Buildings

9.- Fresnel Collectors9.- Fresnel Collectors

10.- Advanced Technologies: gas/molten 10.- Advanced Technologies: gas/molten saltssalts

1 1

1

2

3

45

67

8

8

9

10

Solar Platform in Almeria (PSA)Solar Platform in Almeria (PSA)

The Plataforma Solar de Almería is the world most complete The Plataforma Solar de Almería is the world most complete experimental installation in concentration solar energyexperimental installation in concentration solar energy

Sobrecalentador

Generador de vapor

.

Desgasificador

RecalentadorDep. expansión aceite

Caldera auxiliar

Campo de colectores Solares

Turbina de vapor

Condensador

Aceite a 295 ºC

Aceite a 390 ºC

Vapor a 104 bar/371 ºC

Cir

cu

ito

de

ac

eit

e

HTF Plant (present)

Caldera auxiliar

Campo de

colectores Solares

Desgasificador

Condensador

Turbina de vapor

DSG Plant (future)Vapor a 104 bar/400 ºC

Agua a 114 bar / 120 ºC

DSG: An important simplificationDSG: An important simplification

3 Mwe prototype in order to check this technology 3 Mwe prototype in order to check this technology (CIEMAT, Iberdrola, IDAE, AGECAM, Navarro-Piquer)(CIEMAT, Iberdrola, IDAE, AGECAM, Navarro-Piquer)

Hopefully completed in 2012-2013Hopefully completed in 2012-2013

Máx. temperature and pressure: 400 Máx. temperature and pressure: 400 ºC and 120 bar.ºC and 120 bar.

11 troughs. Opening: 5.76 m; total 11 troughs. Opening: 5.76 m; total length: 550 m; Power: 1.8 MWlength: 550 m; Power: 1.8 MWtt

A technological breakthrough: Direct Steam A technological breakthrough: Direct Steam GenerationGeneration

Environment friendlyEnvironment friendly

Cost reduction (20 %)Cost reduction (20 %)

Molten Salt Receiver installed at CESA-1Molten Salt Receiver installed at CESA-1

Central ReceiverCentral Receiver

Pressurized Air Receiver Pressurized Air Receiver (SOLGATE) installed at CESA 1(SOLGATE) installed at CESA 1

- Detoxification plant for pesticide polluted waters in the Almeria - Detoxification plant for pesticide polluted waters in the Almeria greenhouse fields. In operation since June 2004 (ALBAIDA)greenhouse fields. In operation since June 2004 (ALBAIDA)- CONSOLIDER Project: TRAGUA (Solar Energy for water treatment)- CONSOLIDER Project: TRAGUA (Solar Energy for water treatment)- AQUACAT: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco- AQUACAT: Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco- VII FP projects: SOLWATERGY (Integration of CSP and Desalination - VII FP projects: SOLWATERGY (Integration of CSP and Desalination at the Mediterranean Area), Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, at the Mediterranean Area), Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt, AlgeriaEgypt, Algeria

Environmental ApplicationsEnvironmental Applications

2010 2015 2020

Hydro 13,23 (31.600) 13,55 (31.400) 13,86 (32.800)

Solar PV 3,79 (6.300) 5,42 (9.100) 7,25 (12.400)

CSP 0,63 (700) 3,00 (8.300) 4,80 (14.400)

Wind 20,74 (42.300) 27,85 (55.500) 35,00 (70.700)

Other * 0,82 (4.200) 1,18 (7.100) 2,85 (14.500)

Total 39,2 (85.100) 51,0 (111.400) 63,8 (144.800)

Renewables 2011-2010Renewables 2011-2010

(*) Biomass, Waste. Off-shore, etc

Units: GW (GWh)

Over-cost derived from the subsidies to RESOver-cost derived from the subsidies to RES

Other financial data RES 2011-2020Other financial data RES 2011-2020

Export – Import = 1.400 M€ (2015) to 1.900 M€ (2020)

Avoided emissions 2011-2020 = 171 Mt CO2

Jobs related to RES in 2020 = 303.000

Thank Thank you !!!you !!!

MENA-Europe ComplementarityMENA-Europe Complementarity

The Desertec and the Mediterranean Solar Projects

Renewable EnergiesRenewable Energies

Problem 1: High CostProblem 1: High CostPossible solutions:Possible solutions:Increasing size of the plantsIncreasing size of the plantsAdvances in R + DAdvances in R + DImprovements in component manufactureImprovements in component manufactureSeries production (market expansion)Series production (market expansion)Experience in O & MExperience in O & M

Problem 2: IntermitencyProblem 2: IntermitencyPossible solutions:Possible solutions:HybridationHybridationEnergy storage (electricity, heat, HEnergy storage (electricity, heat, H22))