cso & ngo (g2 ppt) final

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Chapter – 15 Civil Society and Non Government Organizations Presented by Group 2 1

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Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

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Page 1: Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

Chapter – 15

Civil Society and

Non Government Organizations

Presented by Group 2

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Page 2: Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

Content

Part I Civil Society and Governance Types of Civil Society Organizations

Part II The Nature, Evolution and Role of NGOs Relationship Between Governments and

Donor Agencies and the NGOs

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Page 3: Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

အရပ္ဖ�က္� အဖြဲ�႕အစည္� ဆို��သည္မွ�� ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ႏို�ႏို��င္ငံ��သမ်�က္��ယ္တို� ��င္ကင္ငံ�မ်�မ်�တို��႔အက္��"စ#ပြပ္ဖအတြတိုက္�မ်�မ်�တို��႔

ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကို ကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကို ဆိုၵအရစည္�ရ�ႏို�ဖြဲ�႕စည္�လၾကေက္သအစ�ကေအဝ (ကေႏိုတိုမ်တို+�န္ �)

3

Page 4: Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

အရပ္ဖ�က္� အဖြဲ�႕အစည္� ဆို��သည္မွ�� ကိုကိုကို ကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုဒီ#မ်��က္ရက္� စ� င္ငံ��ကေႏိုရစန္စ�ထူေ0ကေႏိုထူေင္ငံ�ကေႏိုရင္ငံ1ႏို�ခို��င္ငံ3ကေစရအ

ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကို ကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို တြတိုက္� အဓိ�က္အခိုန္ �မ်�ပ္ဖဝင္ငံ5ပ္ဖ6�ၾကေက္သ င္ငံ��ကေႏိုတိုယ္တိုရ ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကို ကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုႏို�ႏို�င္ငံ1ႏို� သ#ခိုက္င္ငံ�တြလတို7 ည္1ႏို�မ်�မ်�တို��႔ဆိုၵကေအလ�က္�တြလ ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို တ္လြတို5 တို5 ပ္ဖ� စ�စည္�လၾကေက္သလ0မ်အ�ပ္ဖ9:မ်�( ဆိုင္ငံ3�;ယ္တိုယ္တို5 � ဟန္တ�င္က>င္ငံ�

န္ �)

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Page 5: Cso & Ngo (g2 Ppt) Final

ႏို�ႏို��င္ငံ��ကေႏိုရ စန္စ3�၊ ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုအစ��ရ၊တြလတို�ကေႏို

ကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုတို၊အဆိုင္ငံ1@ႏိုAင္ငံ1ႏို�အ�ပ္ဖB�"ပ္ဖ�ကေႏိုရမ်�လ�ႏို�ႏိုCခို�ႏို"ကေႏိုရတိုပ္ဖ�ဖြဲ�႕မ်�၊ႏို�ႏို��င္ငံ��ကေႏိုရပ္ဖတို#၊ င္ငံ�

င္ငံ�ကေႏိုရ လပ္ဖ6�မ်မ်�၊ ကေႏို ကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုရြရက္က္ပြဲက္+မ်�စသC�င္ငံ1ႏို�

ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုစ#ပြပ္ဖရစန္စ3�၊ထူေ�တို5 :ပ္ဖ�ႏိုCခို ကိုကိုကိုကို ကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုင္ငံ�၊က္0သန္ � ကေႏိုရင္ငံ�၀ယ္တို�ႏိုC

ခိုင္ငံ�၊အလ�@ပ္ဖ5�င္ကပ္ဖ��င္က:င္ငံ�ႏိုCခိုင္ငံ�က္�ရြန္တGယ္တို�ႏိုCခိုင္ငံ�က္�စၥမ်�

ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုယ္တိုဥ္ေ�ကေႏိုက္�မ်၊အစဥ္ေJလ၊ကေဓိလ1ထူေ�ႏို� စ�မ်�၊ယ္တို�ႏို�ၾက္ည္မွK�:တြက္ယ္တို3၊

ကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုအသ�ပ္ဖည္၊အတိုတို+ည္၊လ0မ်ဆို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို ကို ကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကိုကို က္A �ကေႏိုရ၊က္�န္ �မ်ရ၊ဘကေ၀န္ထူေ��င္ငံ3

ပ္ဖ�ႏို�စ�မ်�

လ0႔အဖြဲ�႕အစ ကိုကို ကိုကို ကိုည္�ရ႕ကေအသင္ငံ

ယ္တိုA �ႏို�ယ္တို0န္စ3�5

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TRUST (ယ္တို�ႏို�ၾက္ည္မွ�)

Common Reciprocity Interest

Civil Society Organization ႏိုC�စ�ကေႏိုပ္ဖၚျCခိုင္ငံ�

Civil Society

Organization

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Civil Society Organizations

Fills the space bet. Individual & Gov. Comprises voluntary

groups(organized/unorganized)interacting socially, politically, economically for the common interest of people

Historically grown around traditional/religious Includes organizations : trade unions, community

organizations, citizens’watchdog communities, co-op, professional groups, tribal and other

groups of indegenous populations, associations based on region, gender, race, culture and language,etc.

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Civil Society Organizations

Intermidiary or citizen-organized A strong and active CS is the foundation of

Governance: Transparency, Accountability, Participation and the Rule of Law

Idea of CS as a corrective force to both arbitrary gov & imperfect markets in 19th century

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All Citizens (Public)

Government

TU, EI, Judi,

Grassroots org:

Interest

groupsBusiness groups

Co-op,NGOs

Political groupsParties

Oppositions

LegislatorsCourts

Media

The things the society needs(Goods, Services, Values, Interests)

Elections

Business groups

MarketContributions to society

Political system institutionalized

(Check and Balance)

Political system institutionalized

(Check and Balance)

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Civil Society ၀�ကေႏိုရဓိ�မ်� Producer or Product

Compliment or Against State

Positive or Negative

Profit or Non Profit

Political or Social

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NGOs and its Nature Broad and ambiguous Vary in mandate, size, staff, resources, type of activities Part of Civil Society A major speaker & partner for Gov’t & Int’l agencies. 4 Characteristics :

Voluntary, Independent Non-Profit Intended to help needy people or address broad public

problems (e.g: environmental protection)

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Evolution of NGOs

Over the Past 50 years, NGOs have emerged as a major supporting point and lobby for development and for social concerns at domestic and global level

In the last decade, NGOs have expanded substantially, mainly because of widespread concerns about big government, the search for alternative methods of service delivery, the shift to poverty reduction as the key goal of international aid, and the need to address the exclusion of minorities and weaker groups.

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Role of NGOs NGOs work extended for human needs such as

health, education, rural & urban development, environment, population, social welfare, employment creation, training, gender, the informal sector, indigenous people rights, peace and human rights.

Activities range from care and welfare provision to service delivery, resource mobilization, research & innovation, public information & advocacy.

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main differences Advocacy NGOs and Service NGOs International NGOs and National or local NGOs

Can be project base, National , umbrella or network NGOs and International NGOs.

Can help Gov’t services more effective; mobilize local resources; provide checks & balances on the use of Government power

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Relationship between Governments and Donor agencies and the NGOs

Gov’t-NGO relationships involving contracted service delivery and resource mobilization need 5 types of partnership;

Mobilization & supporting the communityFacilitation of large Gov’t programs (research, training & evaluation) Alternative delivery systemPartnership for Policy & Program formulationDialogues on policy or program issues

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Need for Caution in Supporting NGOs

Donor-NGOs relationship:External funding agencies have supported many NGO initiatives and partnerships partly because of a justified belief that NGOs can be more efficient than Gov’t agencies for service delivery to the poorSometimes also led to distortion and to determining the activities of NGOs by donor preferences rather than by community needs.

Gov’t & Donor agencies needs: Distinguishing genuine and dedicated NGOs from fake organization formed exclusively to attract a share of the money.Gov’t should do survey of existing NGOs

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Collaboration between Gov’t & NGOs

Gov’t can built mutual trust and closer links with NGOs

NGO collaboration with Gov’t and donors can be helpful to both sides, but requires attention to several issue.

Gov’t side: To many actors involved Weak Coordination (Central & Local)

NGO side: Limited management capacity Dispersal of attention

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Conclusion by

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Directions of Improvements Active CSO strengthen the interface between the

citizens and their Gov’t and are thus important both for quality if governance and for improvements in public services.

General directions reform especially relevant for PA include: Strengthening the roles of formal CSO Supporting grass-roots organizations Encouraging the growth and efforts of informal

voluntary groups Recognizing the roles of traditional customary

institutions Facilitating the emergence of public interest citizens’

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Gov’t should improve their relations with NGOs (not only voluntary and independent but also nonprofit and public interest oriented)

Generic requirements for improved relations :With advocacy NGOs

Open channels of communications the willingness to listen to diverse point of view

With service NGOs Can help considerably in the design of gov’t program Delivery of public services

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NGOs should be: Accountable for the use of funds and the

effectiveness of their operations More flexible and cost-conscious in their

procedures More willing to recognize a wider range of

viewpoints More participatory and bottom-up in their

management style; and More willing to network with other NGOs. Excellent partners for Gov’t

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Financial support From government and equally significant,

assistance in building up the NGO’s management and operational capacity are important, but the organization must be careful not to allow such support to weaken its independence, critical attitude, or capacity to exert pressure on the government.

Similarly, donor support should not distort the mission and mandate of the NGO, and partnership with a large INGO should always leave the LNGO stronger rather than more dependent.

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On the other hand, government and donors, should

be careful in their dealings with NGOs and not inadvertently support NGOs created solely to benefit from public funds or to provide cover for vested interest.

Finally, it is advisable to conduct and keep up to date a survey of NGOs, to identify those with: Transparent governance Prudent financial management Audited and published accounts and Established reputation among grassroots

organizations and peer agencies

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Thank you !

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