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Tyre Tyre Presentation Number TwoPresentation Number TwoJune 2003June 2003

PLAY YOUR PART IN PLAY YOUR PART IN TYRE SAFETY TYRE SAFETY

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Key Points:Key Points:•Tyres are Tyres are Safety CriticalSafety Critical components, which require components, which require simple but regular care and attention.simple but regular care and attention. •Tyres in good condition will hold your vehicle securely Tyres in good condition will hold your vehicle securely on the road, allowing it to stop, start and manoeuvre on the road, allowing it to stop, start and manoeuvre safely --worn out, under-inflated or unsuitable tyres safely --worn out, under-inflated or unsuitable tyres will not.will not.

•They are your only contact or “footprint” with the They are your only contact or “footprint” with the road. A tyre with a big footprint will provide better road. A tyre with a big footprint will provide better grip on dry roadsgrip on dry roads

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVESNEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

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Key Points:Key Points:

Tyres must be suitable for the purpose for which the Tyres must be suitable for the purpose for which the vehicle will be used. e.g. : vehicle will be used. e.g. :

– Light buses, light trucks (Canters etc.) are fitted by the Light buses, light trucks (Canters etc.) are fitted by the vehicle manufacturer with on road or “city” type road vehicle manufacturer with on road or “city” type road tyres-if these vehicles will spend most of their working day tyres-if these vehicles will spend most of their working day on interior graded roads, then the tyres HAVE to be on interior graded roads, then the tyres HAVE to be changed to tyres fit-for-purpose-ie suitable for both graded changed to tyres fit-for-purpose-ie suitable for both graded and blacktop roads. and blacktop roads.

– The vehicle owner/user must discuss with the local vehicle The vehicle owner/user must discuss with the local vehicle

dealer the operating environment of the vehicle - dealer the operating environment of the vehicle - ensure ensure that suitable tyres are fitted.that suitable tyres are fitted.

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVESNEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

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TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

Key Points:Key Points:Tyres NOT suitable for the Tyres NOT suitable for the purpose or road type on which purpose or road type on which the vehicle will be used will the vehicle will be used will develop faults such as this develop faults such as this peeling, detached sidewall. This peeling, detached sidewall. This tyre is designed for blacktop; tyre is designed for blacktop; the vehicle (light bus) was being the vehicle (light bus) was being used 20% of time on graded used 20% of time on graded road.road. Check with the vehicle agent or Check with the vehicle agent or tyre agent that the tyres fitted tyre agent that the tyres fitted are suitable for use and road are suitable for use and road

typetype

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Be tyre SMART, play your Be tyre SMART, play your PARTPARTPPressure: Under-inflation is a tyres worst enemy: Results in ressure: Under-inflation is a tyres worst enemy: Results in tyre stress, irregular wear, loss of control and tyre stress, irregular wear, loss of control and accidents.accidents. Under-inflation is the leading cause of tyre failure.Under-inflation is the leading cause of tyre failure. Check Check tyre pressures with a gauge when tyres are cold.tyre pressures with a gauge when tyres are cold.

AAllignment: Vehicle pulling to one side or shaking? A bad ignment: Vehicle pulling to one side or shaking? A bad jolt against the kerb, or in a pothole can damage tyres.jolt against the kerb, or in a pothole can damage tyres.

Check the alignment at a tyre workshopCheck the alignment at a tyre workshop

RRotation: Assists in uniform tyre wear, rotate your tyres per otation: Assists in uniform tyre wear, rotate your tyres per vehicle user manual, usually around every 8,000kms. vehicle user manual, usually around every 8,000kms. Remember to re-check correct pressure front and back.Remember to re-check correct pressure front and back.

TTread: Measure it-Inspect it. Tread wear reduces the ability of read: Measure it-Inspect it. Tread wear reduces the ability of the tyre to grip the road. Built in tread wear “ribs” the tyre to grip the road. Built in tread wear “ribs”

in the tread groove indicate minimum safe tread depth.in the tread groove indicate minimum safe tread depth.

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVESNEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

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TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

Read your Tyre Side Wall: One Read your Tyre Side Wall: One Tyre SizesTyre Sizes are made up of a number of different are made up of a number of different

numbers and letters. For example tyre size numbers and letters. For example tyre size 205R80 16 82 T205R80 16 82 T is made up of the following is made up of the following information:information:

205205: This is the tyre section width in millimetres: This is the tyre section width in millimetresRR: This denotes the tyre's construction type - in this : This denotes the tyre's construction type - in this case it's a radial case it's a radial 8080: This is the aspect ratio in % (the height of the : This is the aspect ratio in % (the height of the sidewall divided by the tyre's width)sidewall divided by the tyre's width)1616: This is the rim diameter in inches: This is the rim diameter in inches

8282: This is the load index, in this case=475kg : This is the load index, in this case=475kg TT: This is the speed rating, in this case T= 190kph. : This is the speed rating, in this case T= 190kph. (R=170 Q + 160, P=150 kph etc)(R=170 Q + 160, P=150 kph etc)

NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVESNEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

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TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

READ YOUR TYREREAD YOUR TYRE

SIDE-WALL: twoSIDE-WALL: twoTyre AgeTyre Age ::Tyres carry a three digit age code Tyres carry a three digit age code on the sidewall indicating the month and year on the sidewall indicating the month and year of manufacture. For example 120 means the of manufacture. For example 120 means the tyre was manufactured in December 2000. tyre was manufactured in December 2000. Some other manufacturers codes give the Some other manufacturers codes give the week number of manufacture and Year: 1700 week number of manufacture and Year: 1700 17 17thth week of year 2000. week of year 2000.

There is also a codeThere is also a code inin mixed letters and mixed letters and numbers denoting the factory location.numbers denoting the factory location.T or TL+: Tyre is TubelessT or TL+: Tyre is Tubeless Do not fit tubes into tubeless tyres

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TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

Read Your Tyre Side-Wall: Three Read Your Tyre Side-Wall: Three

Temperature:Temperature: The tyre temperature ratings are The tyre temperature ratings are A, B or CA, B or C. . . (AA are for high speed sports cars). The rating is a measure of how The rating is a measure of how well the tyre dissipates heat and how well it handles the build-up well the tyre dissipates heat and how well it handles the build-up of heat. The temperature grade applies to a properly inflated of heat. The temperature grade applies to a properly inflated tyre that is not overloaded.tyre that is not overloaded.

Under-inflation, overloading or excessive speed can lead to Under-inflation, overloading or excessive speed can lead to more heat build-up more heat build-up especially in the summer months.especially in the summer months. Excessive Excessive heat build-up can cause tyres to wear out faster, or could even heat build-up can cause tyres to wear out faster, or could even lead to catastrophic tyre failure.lead to catastrophic tyre failure. “A” rated are best for Oman conditions, “C” tyres are not permitted in the GCC-- strictly for cooler climates-discard if you have them!

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TYRE SAFETYTREAD FAILURES

Tread failures, i.e. total separation of the tread from the rest of the tyre can cause catastrophic loss of control.

Keep your tyres at the correct pressure-and do not drive for hours on end at excessive speeds.

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TREAD FAILUREConsequences can be Death

Complete tread separation at high speed, rear tyre deflated, wheel rim ran on road=total loss of control

rollover, one fatality.

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TREAD FAILUREConsequences can be Death

Tread in process of Tread in process of separating from the separating from the inner tyre of a light businner tyre of a light bus

Demonstrates the importance of carrying out daily Demonstrates the importance of carrying out daily checks, and again prior to starting journeys of over checks, and again prior to starting journeys of over 2hours duration.2hours duration.

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TYRE SAFETYOVERLOADING

15 Tonnes Overload on 25T capacity trailer .

!!DO NOT OVERLOAD TYRES!

Tyres have kg or Tyres have kg or lbs load ratings lbs load ratings marked -giving marked -giving maximum loading maximum loading per tyre. Do NOT per tyre. Do NOT exceed these.exceed these.

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TYRE SAFETYOVERLOADING

Prime mover overloaded on rear axle

Two tyres blew: immobilised Truck.

A following vehicle ran into rear

One Dead

Tyre overloading was Tyre overloading was one of the factors which one of the factors which contributed to this contributed to this fatality.fatality.

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TYRE SAFETYEXCESSIVE WEAR

Blow out due to excessive Blow out due to excessive wear on the shoulder of the wear on the shoulder of the tyre—both front tyres tyre—both front tyres showed evidence of showed evidence of excessive uneven wear on excessive uneven wear on the tyre edge or “shoulder”.the tyre edge or “shoulder”.

Blowout pointBlowout point

Should have been changed Should have been changed prior to reaching this prior to reaching this weakened condition.weakened condition.

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TYRE SAFETY

Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tyre.Tyre.

Tread SeparatedTread Separated

Driver OverreactedDriver Overreacted

ROLLOVERROLLOVER

Running on a deflated tyre, a Running on a deflated tyre, a significant contributory factor significant contributory factor in this incidentin this incident

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TYRE SAFETYFAST and HOT = OVERHEATING

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High speed journey from High speed journey from Muscat over 120kph non Muscat over 120kph non stop -past Nizwa, front stop -past Nizwa, front tyre blew.tyre blew.

Rollover No seatbelts being Rollover No seatbelts being worn TWO DEADworn TWO DEAD

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DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:

•The rubbing of the inner tube against the tyre casing (designed to be tubeless, therefore tubeless tyres have rougher inside linings) creates additional heat increasing the likelihood of tyre failure.

TUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTERTUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTER• HANDLING, HANDLING, •RIDE COMFORT RIDE COMFORT •SAFETY CHARACTERISTICSSAFETY CHARACTERISTICSDO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY DO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES.FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES.

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY(A Reminder from Tyre Safety Presentation (A Reminder from Tyre Safety Presentation number one) :number one) :

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DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES:

• By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you may lose control of the vehicle.may lose control of the vehicle.

•The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall flexibility. flexibility.

•

TYRE SAFETYTYRE SAFETY

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TYRE SAFETY

THETHE ENDEND

Presentation Two