cse 471/598 cbs 598 introduction to artificial intelligence
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CSE 471/598 CBS 598 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. http://www.public.asu.edu/~huanliu/AI08S/cse471-598.htm. Spring 2008. Introduction. You: a future AI Expert TA: Wait to see Time and Place: on the web, Me: Huan Liu, [email protected] ( http://www.public.asu.edu/~huanliu ) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CSE 471/598 CBS 598
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Spring 2008
http://www.public.asu.edu/~huanliu/AI08S/cse471-598.htm
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Introduction
You: a future AI ExpertTA: Wait to seeTime and Place: on the web, Me: Huan Liu, [email protected] (http://www.public.asu.edu/~huanliu) My office hours Slides are updated periodically
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Course introduction
What is AI (many definitions of AI) One definition: a field to enable
computers with human-level intelligence with attempts to understand intelligent entities.
We will evaluate many definitions later.
What is this course about (or why should everyone learn AI?) understand ourselves better build automated intelligent agents improve problem solving skills
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Course workload and evaluation
We will work together - “No pain, no gain!” Projects (30%, 2-3) – all in Lisp or Java? Exam(s) (2*25%) Homework (~20%) Quizzes and class participation (~10% extra)
Which grading system (w/wo +/-) Late penalty, YES and exponentially
increased Academic integrity
(http://www.public.asu.edu/~huanliu/conduct.html)
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Course plan
Text Book: AI - A Modern Approach 2nd Edition in green
Reading assignment: chapters coveredAbout 13-15 chaptersOur goal: “to finish all
these chapters”One major subject per week
TIP Try to keep up and
avoid catch-up
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Major Topics
Intelligent agentsProblem solvingKnowledge and reasoningActing logicallyLearningUncertainty
TIP Comprehend the topics with your common sense
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Welcome to this class!We will work together throughout this semester and your active participation is crucial for the success of the class – the actual shortcut to your success What is a true shortcut?
Questions and suggestions are welcome anytime. E.g., if you find anything incorrect or unclear,
send an email or talk to me, or discuss it in class
You get feedback from us, and I expect feedback from you, too Use myASU to send email and for discussions
Introduction of AI
- Gearing up for a fun semester about intelligent agents- What is an intelligent agent in your view?
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What is AIAbout thinking and acting
We are not alone, but … (Homo genus) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_(genus)
Acting humanly: The Turing test (by Turing 1950)
Its original purpose What do we need to pass the test?
http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html Does that serve our original purpose?
Thinking humanly: Cognitive modeling “Think-aloud” to learn from human and recreate in
computer programs (GPS) What the Eyes see, a camera cannot
http://www.topcharoen.co.th/web/illusion/illusion-a19.gif
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What is AI (2)Thinking rationally: Syllogisms, Logic What would you act on the $50 iBooks incident? Unable to deal with uncertainty Some paradoxes: Liar, Barber
Gödel's incompleteness and Turing's undecidability
Acting rationally: A rational agent (something
that acts) to achieve best or best expected outcomes Some rational actions do not involve inference
An example – a reflex doe not need inference
A set of definitions (Figure 1.1)
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Foundations of AIPhilosophy (428 B.C. - Present) – reasoning and learning Can formal rules be used to draw valid
conclusions? How does the mental mind arise from a
physical brain? Where does knowledge come from? How does knowledge lead to action?
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Mathematics (c. 800 - Present) - logic, probability, decision making, computation What are the formal rules to draw conclusions? What can be computed? How do we reason with uncertain information?
Economics (1776-present) How should we make decisions so as to maximize
payoff? How should we do this when others may not go
along? How should we do this when the payoff may be far
in the future?
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Neuroscience (1861-present) How do brains process information
Processing speed, memory size in a computer (Figure 1.3)
Psychology (1879 - Present) - investigating human mind How do humans and animals think and
act? Mind Wide Open
Computer engineering (1940 - Present) - ever improving tools How can we build an efficient computer?
Moors Law
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Control theory and Cybernetics (1948-present) How can artifacts operate under their
own control? Feedback and adapt
Linguistics (1957 - Present) - the structure and meaning of language How does language relate to thought? Computational linguistics
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Brief History of AIGestation of AI (1943 -1955) McCulloch and Pitts’s model of artificial neurons Minsky’s 40-neuron network Alan Turing’s Computing Machinary and
IntelligenceBirth of AI (1956) A 2-month Dartmouth workshop of 10 attendees –
the name of AI Newell and Simon’s Logic Theorist Should another name like `computational
rationality’ be used? Any suggestion?Early enthusiasm, great expectations (1952 - 1969) GPS by Newell and Simon, Lisp by McCarthy,
Blockworld by Minsky
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AI facing reality (1966 - 1973) Many predictions of AI’s coming successes
A computer would be a chess champion in 10 years (1957)
Machine translation – Syntax is not enough Intractability of the problems attempted by AI “What computers cannot do” in 76
Knowledge-based systems (1969 - 1979) Knowledge is power, acquiring knowledge from
experts Expert systems (MYCIN)
AI - an industry (1980 - present) Many AI systems help companies to save money and
increase productivity
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The return of neural networks (1986 – present) PDP books by Rumelhart and McClelland Connectionist models vs. symbolic models
AI – a science (1987 – present) Build on existing theories vs. propose brand new
ones Rigorous empirical experiments Learn from data – machine learning, data mining
AI – intelligent agents (1995 – present) Working agents embedded in real environments
with continuous sensory inputs
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Some examples of AI applications
Smart bombsDeep Blue, and othersE-Game industry Intelligent housesIntelligent appliances RoboCupMars rovers
BiometricsCommunications (email, word processor)Auto driving from E to W (98% vs. 2%)Consumer protection
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Concluding remarks“The real value of the discipline, Mr. Lazowska said, is less in acquiring a skill with technology tools - the usual definition of computer literacy - than in teaching students to manage complexity; to navigate and assess information; to master modeling and abstraction; and to think analytically in terms of algorithms, or step-by-step procedures.”
from http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/23/technology/23geeks.html
What is AI about?
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Refresher for LISP
What is it? ANSI Common Lisp, Paul Graham,
Prentice Hall
Input (e.g., terminal, files)Output (e.g., files, printing)Processing (various operations)How to run it?