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Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms Ian McDougall

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$Page 1: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Crystal Growth Methods and MechanismsIan McDougall

$Page 2: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

What makes a crystal?● Ordered● Exotic variations:

– Aperiodic

– Liquid

– Colloidal

– Time crystals

$Page 3: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Why study crystallization?● Separation● Fouling● Characterization● Production

$Page 4: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

How do you grow a crystal?

● Solid growth– Annealing

– Gel growth

– Whiskering

● Melt growth– Freezing

– Kryopoulos, Czochralski, and Bridgman techniques

– Floating zone

● Growth from solution– Precipitation

● Vapor growth– Deposition– Vapor transport– Precipitation– Vapor-Liquid-Solid

● Other Considerations– Biomineralization– Naturally formed– Microgravity

$Page 5: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Crystal Growth HabitsCaused by anisotropy of growth rates.

$Page 6: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Hoppered and Dendritic GrowthCaused by concentration gradients across a surface.

$Page 7: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Epitaxial and Spiral GrowthBurton-Cabrera-Frank theory

$Page 8: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Proposed Research

Gold-functionalized Langmuir-Blodgett film

AFM observation of spiral growth

$Page 9: Crystal Growth Methods and Mechanisms · primary defects are partial disloca- tions that exist in the interior of the crystal. Scale bar, 5 gm. (Inset) Bragg diffraction (wavelength$

Questions?

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