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REGIONAL STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA

CRP 5: Durable Solutions for Water Scarcity, and Land and Ecosystem Degradation

PROCEEDINGS REPORT

AUGUST 10, 2010

CRESTA GOLF VIEW HOTEL, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA

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I. Introduction The main aim of the regional consultation was to review the CGIAR Consortium Research Program 5 on “Durable solutions for water scarcity and land and ecosystem degradation” and provide recommendations for strengthening the programme. The NEPAD/CAADP Pillar 1 Lead Institution (University of Zambia – UNZA), in collaboration with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), invited key stakeholders and experts in Southern Africa to participate in and contribute to the design of the proposal for CRP 5. The regional consultation was held in Lusaka, Zambia on the 10th August, 2010, at the Cresta Golf View Hotel. A total of 22 experts, representing 15 agricultural institutions in the region, attended the meeting. The organizations represented included: IWMI-Africa, IWMI-SA, University of Zambia, Water Research Commission of South Africa, University of Kwazulu Natal, Ministry of Agriculture – Malawi, Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture – Mozambique, USAID, CARE International – Zambia, Southern Africa Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU), Mozambique Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (MozSAKSS), ACTESA/COMESA, Golden Valley Agricultural Research Institute and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (detailed list in Annex II). The main purpose of the meeting was three-fold: (i) Providing additional content to the CRP 5 proposal; (ii) Discussing research priorities and partnerships and; (iii) Discussing how to move research to development (impact and uptake pathways). This consultation was part of a series of stakeholder consultations that are being conducted by IWMI across Asia, Africa and Latin America. II. Key Water, Land and Ecosystem Issues in Southern Africa Dr. Elijah Phiri, the team leader for the AU-NEPAD/ CAADP Pillar 1 and Head of Soil Science Department at the School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia – opened the meeting with an overview of the key water, land and ecosystem issues in Southern Africa. He pointed out that some of the key issues include:

1) Low agricultural productivity and unsustainable farming systems: <1 ton grain/ha 2) Land degradation (Soil erosion, nutrient mining/soil fertility loss) 3) Food insecurity & poverty reduction (>60% of population) (quantity/quality?) 4) Under-utilization of available water resources (Low irrigation development; on-field

water use efficiency), and 5) Natural disasters/Climate changes (drought, flood, shift of agro-ecological zones etc)

He also pointed out that Southern Africa has the highest percentage of unexploited rainfed arable land in Africa (Figure 1 below)

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Dr. Phiri also illustrated the very low extent of irrigation in Africa – including most countries in Southern Africa (Figure 2 below)

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Dr Phiri then gave a brief overview of the main Africa-wide initiatives and policy processes in African agriculture – especially the CAADP agenda. He concluded by pointing out that:

1) CAADP is now widely recognised as the principal framework/reference for Agricultural development intervention in Africa

2) There is greater momentum to act together to move forward the CAADP agenda and help increase economic growth in Africa

3) There is renewed interest in Africa by development partners and private investors, we should not be left behind

4) Land and water management is an important component of this initiative 5) CRP 5 must develop linkages and partnerships with regional and continental

programmes and processes

III. The CGIAR Change Management Process and an Introduction to the Consortium Research Programs (CRPs) Dr. Seleshi Bekele Awulachew, Acting Director, Africa International Water Management Institute (IWMI) presented an overview of the CGIAR change management process and pointed out that there in no more room for business as usual and that the new CGIAR will emphasize more effective partnerships between centres and between centres and external organizations as a basis for achieving greater impact.

He pointed out that the CGIAR Donors have formed a trust fund that will be managed by the World Bank which will fund the new CGIAR research agenda and that the 15 Centres have ceded some independence and authority to a new Consortium Board and office that will facilitate collaborative research and work on improved shared services. The Centres will submit Mega Program proposals to the Fund via the Consortium board. He then introduced to the participants to the 7 mega Consortium Research Programs (CRPs) that are being developed including:

1. Integrated Agricultural Systems for the poor and vulnerable a) Integrated agricultural production systems for dry areas b) Integrated systems for the humid tropics c) Harnessing the development potential of coastal and aquatic agricultural systems for

the poor and vulnerable 2. Policies, institutions and markets to strengthen assets and agricultural incomes for the

poor 3. Sustainable production systems for ensuring food security 4. Agriculture for improved nutrition and health 5. Durable solutions for water scarcity and land and ecosystem degradation 6. Forests and trees 7. Climate change, agriculture and food security

He explained that two additional cross-cutting programmes of Gender and Capacity Building are also under review. He pointed out that IWMI is the lead Centre for CRP5 and the Regional Consultation in Lusaka was among the series of consultations that IWMI is conducting across Asia, Africa and Latin America as part of a participatory consultative process to develop the programme.

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IV. Durable Solutions for Water Scarcity & Land Degradation (CRP5) and the Best Bets Dr. Pius Chilonda – Head, IWMI Southern Africa gave an overview of CRP5 and the best bet programmes that are being proposed under this mega programme. He pointed out that CRP 5 addresses three interrelated global challenges: (i) Water Scarcity, (ii) land degradation and (iii) loss of ecosystem services. He further pointed out that 8 best-bet research programmes have been identified so far addressing these 3 challenges and these include:

1) Soil fertility and water management in rainfed areas 2) Revitalizing underperforming irrigation 3) Safe wastewater use 4) Sustainable groundwater management 5) Water allocation and land management in stressed agricultural river basins 6) Global Information systems on soils, water and ecosystems 7) Improved land and water management to support pastoral livelihoods 8) Improved ecosystem services and resilience

Dr Chilonda then explained to the participants that the regional consultation had been organised to provide stakeholders with the opportunity to review :

• Which of these “best bets” are relevant for Southern Africa region? • What research is required to reveal new opportunities within each best bet? and • What impact pathways and uptake strategies are required to achieve impact (i.e.

research for development)?

V. Discussion Participants were then given an opportunity to respond to the presentations in plenary and raise any comments or questions: SACAU – observed the limited representation of farmers at the consultation. Dr. Elijah Phiri acknowledged the limited number of farmer organizations but explained that the Farmers’ Unions in Zambia were actually invited but indicated that they would be unable to attend due to prior engagements CARE International – Zambia – observed that the 60 million dollar budget for CRP5 looked small for such a mega global programme. He compared this with his Care Zambia project that had a 20 million dollar budget. Dr. Chilonda and Dr Bekele explained that: firstly the 60 million estimate was arrived at as an aggregate total of the current annual budgets of the six CGIAR centres that are involved in this CRP; secondly the 60 million will be an annual budget; and thirdly it is true that actually CGIAR centres undertake research with limited resources – but with huge multiplier effects. Dr Chilonda also explained that although the programme is global – it will be implemented through regional hubs – including a hub in Southern Africa.

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ZARI – wanted to know how CAADP is working with partners. Dr Phiri explained that there were four entry points (the four CAADP Pillars) and clear frameworks/ guidelines have been developed for the AU Member states. He explained that pillar institutions are a data bank of experts. He added that so far 20 African Countries have signed the CAADP Compacts and 8 have finalized their strategic plans for Agricultural development. Rudo Makunike – the SLWM specialist at NEPAD explained that while UNZA is the lead institution on pillar 1 – it works through other partners. Lead institutions are responsible for coordinating experts. WRC-South Africa – wanted to know whether CRP5 is focusing on a specific set of countries – because different countries may have different priorities. Dr Chilonda explained that so far the focus is global and regional – so global and regional priorities are being identified. The assumption is that the best bets are cross-cutting – across all countries – but specific programmes will be identified for the various regions taking into account the specific regional priorities within the best bets UKZN – how were the best bets arrived at? Is there an opportunity to identify other best-bets – as the current ones are strongly CGIAR centered? Dr Chilonda and Dr Bekele explained that the BBs were a result of a global consultation within the centers and also an outcome of the IWMI Comprehensive Water Management Assessment Report compiled by over 700 scientists worldwide. They pointed out, however, that consultations are still on-going and additional proposals on best-bets are welcome for review. As an example, they pointed out there is currently strong debate towards including Agricultural Water Management as one of the BBs. COMESA/ACTESA – wanted to know the value addition of CAADP in terms in investment at national level. Dr Chilonda explained that CAADP was not about getting funding from donors – but was about re-aligning agricultural strategy to the key challenges represented by the 4 pillars. Dr Phiri explained that CAADP can be summed up as a 4-step journey: firstly commitment by stakeholders (compacts); secondly strategic plans for agricultural development; thirdly business plan development; and fourthly implementation of the business plans. He pointed out that unfortunately most countries are still at strategic plan level – and that the principal investor is the country itself. Rudo Makunike from NEPAD added that the signing of a compact is not an end in itself – but rather the beginning of a process for coming up with better agricultural policies and capacity building (i.e. there is a post compact process) COMESA – further observed that CAADP pillar 1 seemed underfunded and had no access to operational funds – as other pillars seemed to have. Dr Phiri explained that the whole pillar institution financing process is being revisited – with the new set up of a donor trust fund at the World Bank. There is currently a window of financing for all pillar institutions’ activities directly through the World Bank – until the final modalities are worked out. Pillar institutions are currently in the process of developing proposals. So far funding from the trust fund has only been released to RECs (COMESA, ECOWAS) COMESA – Dr Angel Daka pointed out that COMESA’s ACTESA programme has been given the mandate for irrigation and water management and has received a 20 million dollar grant from the Australian government to promote the key actors in this sub-sector. So far US$500,000 has been disbursed towards a comprehensive assessment and programme design. In this regard it will be critical to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IWMI, as soon as possible, for providing technical support.

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VI. Group Discussions The participants were divided into two groups to discuss two questions and provide feedback in plenary:

1) Which of the ‘Best Bets’ are critical for this region? Within those what are the key research questions that the CRP 5 should tackle?

2) What impact pathways, activities and uptake strategies are required to achieve this research-for-development program?

Each group discussed both questions over a one-and-a-half hour period and presented the outcomes in plenary

Group 1 1. Possible new best-bets are around three areas: • Research around incentives that will attract Private sector investment in water management • Research around Water Policy/Governance Issues • Research around Public Private Partnerships that can stimulate investments in durable solutions

2. Priority ranking of the BBs for the SADC region In descending order Group 1 ranked the BB’s as below for the SADC region i) Soil fertility and water management in rainfed areas ii) Revitalizing underperforming irrigation iii) Improved land and water management to support pastoral livelihoods iv) Sustainable groundwater management v) Global Information systems on soils, water and ecosystems vi) Water allocation and land management in stressed agricultural river basins vii) Safe wastewater use viii) Improved ecosystem services and resilience

3. In terms of researchable issues/questions a) Under Soil Fertility & Water Mgmt in rain fed areas – the researchable issues include: • Soil types in different agro ecological zones • biological chemical, physical constraints to soil fertility • Take stock of water harvesting technologies improving productivity • Water resources availability in terms of quantity and quality • Development of site specific interventions • Rainfall variability/Climate variability on productivity of rain fed agriculture (short to long term focus) b) Under Revitalizing underperforming irrigation – the key issues/questions include: • Analysis of water resources availability, Q&Q, • The Title of this BB should include “new irrigated area” as well. Here placement of new irrigation

infrastructure is crucial • Appropriate technologies suitable for the region • CBA for technologies • Encouragement of private and public sector investment, policy for smart subsidies • On farm water management efficiency • Management of trans-boundary waters

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c) Improved land and water management to support pastoral/Livestock livelihoods • The BB title should include livestock • Assessing carrying capacities of range lands • Water productivity of the system • Land degradation associated with livestock rearing (e.g. Overgrazing) • Transboundary livestock movement and diseases • Management of communal grazing lands • Managing livestock related conflicts • Watering infrastructure for livestock d) Sustainable groundwater management – the key researchable issues include • Assessment/quantification of ground water • Recharging techniques of ground water • Contamination of ground water due to agriculture, mining, industry, etc • Watershed management • Transboundary issues e) Information systems on global soils, water and ecosystems – some key issues include: • Creation of MIS data bases • Modeling techniques • Information sharing & dissemination f) Water allocation and land management in stressed agricultural river basins – key issues include: • Assessment of catchment area/river basins and water user needs • Water use conflicts & resolutions • Transboundary water use management & pollution issues g) Safe wastewater use – issues include • Health impacts of waste water use • Improvement of waste water treatment facilities h) Improved ecosystem services and resilience – the key issues include • Baseline/inventory studies for ecosystem services and human activities • Eco tourism 4. In terms of IMPACT (for BB1) • What Change Should Happen? - In addressing the issues of BB1, the desired change is improve

productivity, food security and contributing to poverty reduction • What would it take to make this change happen? (i) Improved investment by public and private

sectors, (ii) Incentives created for private sector participation (iii) Knowledge management and information exchange; (iv) Maintaining the viability and sustainability of technologies for the farmers to continue using the interventions; (v) An integrated approach to R4D right from the beginning; (vi) Research institutions should not detach themselves and should undertake demand driven research

• What roles does research play in making this change happen? Research should focus on development, by integration, engagement, transparency, demand driven and participatory

5. Partners a) Which partners should CRP5 work with? – Key partners in the region include: NARS, Universities, Specialized NGOS, national Governments, Private sector, Banks, Farmers (men, women and youth ), River Basin Organisations (Limpopo, Zambezi, Orange etc), RECs and donors b) What influences do they have? Partners’ influence will include: (i) Technology development and dissemination; (ii) Resources mobilization (both financial and technical/human); (iii) Training and capacity building; (iv) Technology use; (v) Research implementation; (vi) Policy and advocacy; (vii) Provision of services; (viii) Rolling out technologies and research recommendations/findings

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Group 2 1. BB Ranking and Research questions/issues – for this group integrated rainfed agriculture, revitalizing irrigation, improved land and water management in major river basins ranked top followed by soil, water and ecosystem information systems and Improved land and water management to support pastoral livelihoods. The following table describes the details: BB Ranking

Criteria 1 Ranking Criteria 2

Ranking Criteria 3

Ranking Criteria 4

Recommendation Research Questions Priority Ranking (5 – highest)

1 Integrated rainfed agriculture

Represents a major component of food production in area

Short and medium response

Strongly aligned with CAADP process

• New rain water harvesting approaches and their application – cross reference - supplemental irrigation from rainfall.

• Appropriate conservation agriculture • Integrated soil-fertility water • CA – needs a nutrient focused research

question • Effect of CA in different agricultural systems

e.g. high vs. low rainfall areas. • Efficient use of water and nutrients. • What are the opportunities for organic

agric/farming

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2 Revitalization of Irrigation Schemes

Issue of variability and climate change – need for storage

Longer term response

Links with CAADP Pillar 1

We see two challenges: • Maximize

use, but also need for new infrastructure devt

In SADC, there is need to consider both revitalization of existing (underperforming) and revitalizing the process of new irrigation development through best (appropriate)practices

• Why are these systems failing? How to improve them and how do we apply this knowledge in new developments?

• Often knowledge (and in other themes exists), but the real issue is transfer of that knowledge.

• Social scientists are needed (not only engineers and physical scientists).

• Also Policy/governance (at different scales e.g. between farmers between states/countries) systems to support these e.g. sharing of resources, land tenure systems etc. equal emphasis on socio-economic as technical aspects.

• What are best practices for smallholder systems – constraint driven research?

• What are the most suitable irrigation sites and most appropriate systems to

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3 Safe wastewater reuse

Issue of peri-urban/ Urban agriculture

Very important in dry areas

Major urbanization in region and related wastewater issues

A big future issue!

• use in these? – cross reference information systems.

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4 Sustainable In South Africa Mozambique – not Groundwater – is Regional 3

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groundwater use

– a big issue In Zambia an emerging issue

so much irrigation from groundwater Area of research

one of the water resources in a basin, not separate

perspective – future resource where there is no surface water

5 Improved management of water and land in major agricultural river basins

Basins as integrators

Issue of transboundary water management and downstream impacts e.g. Mozambique

All resources within a basin

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6 Soil, water and ecosystem information systems

Provides information/intelligence to manage our agric systems

Information as a barrier to uptake

But relevance (scale and type of information)

Provides a strong basis for other BB’s

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7 Improved land and water management to support pastoral livelihoods

Language usage is problematic: We prefer livestock management to Pastoral systems. What is agro-pastoral

Livestock as integral part of the agricultural system

“Improved land and water management to support livelihood activities”

We prefer livestock management to Pastoral systems. What is agro-pastoral

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8 Improved ecosystem resilience and services through increased use of agro-biodiversity

Important is some systems???

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2. How to get impact from this research:

• Buy in from governments and parastatals – link to CAADP process i.e. link up don’t disintegrate. • Make sure research is demand driven

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VII. Meeting Closure The meeting was officially closed at 1300hrs. Dr Phiri and thanked the participants for their invaluable contributions and informed them that they would be contacted to contribute further to the development of the CRP 5 proposal in the near future through an e-discussion. All participants were then invited to a group photograph.

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ANNEX I

REGIONAL STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION:

CRP 5: DURABLE SOLUTIONS FOR WATER SCARCITY, AND LAND AND ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION

AUGUST 10, 2010

CRESTA GOLFVIEW HOTEL, LUSAKA, ZAMBIA

MEETING AGENDA

Tuesday August 10, 2010

Time Session Details

Session Facilitation

08.30-10.00

SESSION 1: Workshop Opening

Moderator

Dr. Elijah Phiri,

Team Leader - AU-

NEPAD/ CAADP Pillar 1 and

Head of Dept, Dept of Soil Science, , School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia

Opening Remarks and an Overview of the key water, land and ecosystem issues (CAADP Pillar 1) in Southern Africa and possible linkages with CRP5

Dr. Elijah Phiri, University of Zambia (UNZA) The CGIAR Change Management Process and an Introduction to the Consortium Research Programs (CRPs)

Dr. Seleshi Bekele Awulachew, Acting Director, Africa International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

Solutions for Water Scarcity & Land Degradation: A Natural Resources Management CGIAR Research Program (CRP5) and the Best Bets

Dr. Pius Chilonda – Head, IWMI Southern Africa

10.00-10.30

COFFEE BREAK

1030-1300

SESSION 2 Group Discussion

Moderator

Dr. Elijah Phiri,

Team Leader - AU-

NEPAD/ CAADP Pillar 1 and

Head of Dept, Dept of Soil Science, , School of

1030-1130

Group discussion 1 and Plenary Feedback: Which of the ‘Best Bets’ are critical for this region? Within those what are the key research questions that the CRP 5 should tackle?

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1130-1230

Group discussion 2 and Plenary Feedback: How do we get impact from this research-for-development program?

Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia

1230-1300

Facilitated Plenary and Closing Remarks Dr. Seleshi Bekele Awulachew, Acting Director, Africa

International Water Management Institute (IWMI

Dr. Pius Chilonda – Head, IWMI Southern Africa

1300-1400

LUNCH BREAK and Workshop End

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ANNEX II

Regional Consultation Workshop

August 10, 2010, Lusaka, Zambia

Participant List

Name Position Institution & Address Country Telephone (s) Email Address

Participants Outside Zambia 1. Pius Chilonda

Head, IWMI Southern Africa

International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Private Bag X813, Silverton 0127, Pretoria, South Africa

South Africa Tel: +27 12 845 9100; Fax: +27 12 845 9110

p.chilonda@cgiar.org

2. Fred Kalibwani

Programme Officer - ReSAKSS-SA ReSAKSS-SA, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Private Bag X813, Silverton 0127, Pretoria, South Africa

South Africa Tel: +27 12 845 9100; Fax: +27 12 845 9110

f.kalibwani@cgiar.org

3. Seleshi Bekele Awulachew

Acting Director, Africa International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

IWMI Sub Regional Office for Nile Basin & Eastern Africa C/o ILRI-Ethiopia Campus, Wereda 17, Kebele 21, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Ethiopia Tel: +251-11 6172000; +251-11 6172000 Ext: 2190 or 2200 Fax: +251-11 6172001

s.bekele@cgiar.org

4. Rudo Makunike

SLM Specialist, NPCA NEPAD Planning & Coordinating Agency (NPCA) P. O. Box 1234 Halfway House, Midrand 1685, South Africa

South Africa Tel: +27-11-2563600 Fax: +27-11-2063762

rudom@nepad.org

5. Almeida Almeida

Irrigation Technician, National Directorate of Agricultural Services

MINAG/DNSA, Mozambique Rua da Resistencia, No. 1746, 2 Andar, Caixa Postal 2272, Maputo, Mozambique

Mozambique Telfax: +258 21 415 103 anhabetse@yahoo.com.br

6. Andrew Sanewe Water Research Commission, Water Research Commission (WRC) South Africa Tel: +27-12-3300340 andrews@wrc.org.za

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South Africa Marumati Building c/o Frederika Street and 18th Avenue, Rietfontein, Pretoria, South Africa

Fax: +27-12-3312565

7. Fhumulani Mashau

Projects Officer Southern Africa Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU), Unit 11, Central Office Park , 257, Jean Avenue, Centurion, Pretoria, P. O. Box 0480, Centurion, 0046, South Africa

South Africa

Tel: +27 12 644 0808; Fax: +27 12 664 8386

fmahsau@sacau.org

8. Alfred Mtukuso

Director of Research, Malawi, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, P.O. Box 30 134, Lilongwe 3. Malawi.

Malawi Tel: +265 1 788461; +265 1 789 033; +265 1 766 137; Fax: 265 1 789 218 Cell: +265 888206822

Agric-research@sdnp.org.mw

9. Ishmael Sunga

Chief Executive Officer Southern Africa Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU), Unit 11, Central Office Park , 257, Jean Avenue, Centurion, Pretoria, P. O. Box 0480, Centurion, 0046, South Africa

South Africa Tel: +27 12 644 0808; Fax: +27 12 664 8386

ceo@sacau.org; Ishmael.sunga@sacau.org info@sacau.org

10. Graham Jewitt

Professor, Faculty of Science and Agriculture

University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa JewittG@ukzn.ac.za

11. Helder Gemo

Moz-SAKSS Coordinator International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Private Bag X813, Silverton 0127, Pretoria, South Africa

Mozambique

Mobile: +258 828 199 777 h.gemo@cgiar.org

Participants within Zambia 12. Elijah Phiri

Team Leader; AU-NEPAD/ CAADP Pillar 1/UNZA-SADC LWMP

University of Zambia, School of Agricultural Sciences, HOD, Department of Soil Science, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, ZAMBIA

Zambia Tel: +260 211 295 421, Fax: +260 211 250 587

ephiri@unza.zm; soil@unza.zm; ephiri62@yahoo.com;

13. Mwase Phiri

MACO Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Mulungushi House, Independence Avenue, P. O. Box 50197, 15100, Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia

Zambia Tel: +260 977 780 745

mwasephiri@yahoo.co.uk

14. Angel Daka Director, Production and Market Development

COMESA/ACTESA COMESA Secretariat Ben Bella Road

Zambia Tel: +260 977 793 536

adaka@actesacomesa.org

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P.O.Box 30051 Lusaka, Zambia

15. Simunji Simunji

Agronomist Golden Valley Agriculture Research Trust (GART) P.O.Box RW 50834, Lusaka, Zambia

Zambia Tel: + 260 977 670 129

gart@zamnet.zm simunji@yahoo.co.uk

16. Moses Mwale

Deputy Director Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI) Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia

Zambia Tel: +260 966 766 395

zaridirector@zari.gov.zm; mwalemp@yahoo.com

17. Sesele B. Sokotela

PARO Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI) Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia

Zambia Tel: + 260 977 621 573 Sesele.sokotela@gmail.com

18. Peter Manda

Field Officer CARE Zambia Zambia Tel: +260 97 7 845766 pmanda@carezam.org

19. Martin N. Sishekanu

Chief Agriculture Specialist Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Mulungushi House, Independence Avenue, P. O. Box 50197, 15100, Ridgeway, Lusaka, Zambia

Zambia Tel: +260 977 570 623 mnsishekanu@maff.gov.zm

20. DCW Nkhuwa

Senior Lecturer, UNZA University of Zambia, Lusaka Zambia Tel: +260 955 824 649 dcwnkhuwa@unza.zm dcwnkhuwa@yahoo.com

21. Sina Luchen

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

Zambia Tel: +260 977 878 150 sina.luchen@fao.org

22. Andy Levin

Agricultural Officer USAID - Zambia Zambia alevin@usaid.gov