crossref: improving scholarly communications

Improving Scholarly Communication

Kirsty Meddings, [email protected]

The First Congress of Asia Paci!c Association of Medical Journal Editors28th August 2011

Friday, 2 September 2011

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Photo: `R4cH3L on Flickr


Diomidis Spinellis. 2003. The decay and failures of web references. Commun. ACM 46, 1 (January 2003), 71-77. DOI=10.1145/602421.602422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/602421.602422

Computer scientist Diomidis Spinellis “examined 4,224 URLs in 2,471 computer science articles… and discovered that nearly half of the references could not be accessed within

four years of the publication date. Links become inaccessible as time passes…”


http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602421.602422

http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602421.602422

Established 1999

AAAS • Academic Press • American Institute of Physics • Association of Computing Machinery • Blackwell • Elsevier

• IEEE • Kluwer Academic • Nature Publishing Group • Oxford University Press • Springer • Wiley


Easy, reliable navigation to scholarly content using DOIs


What is a DOI?


Digital

What is a DOI?


DigitalObject

What is a DOI?


DigitalObject Identi!er

What is a DOI?


9

A DOI is alphanumeric


10

A DOI uniquely identifies content


A DOI provides a persistent and stable link to content


Assig

ned

TO

mem

ber

Assigned BY

mem

ber

DOI Components


10.1098/rstl.1665.0001http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/1/1-22/rstl.1665.0001


http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1665.0001

DOI Directory Pre!x Suffix




User clicks on CrossRef DOI

reference link in Journal A

Tani, N., N. Tomaru, M. Araki, AND K. Ohba. 1996. Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila) in Japan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 1454–1462.[CrossRef]

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162


http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/external_ref?access_num=10.1139/x26-162&link_type=DOI


http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162




DOI directory returns

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162




http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162




DOI directory returns

URL

User accesses cited article in

Journal B

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162




http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162

http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-162

Blog Posts


Books


Enables persistent linking by assigning DOI pre!xes to its members maintaining a database of DOIs, associated

metadata and URLs


DOI = NISO Standard

CrossRef = DOI Registration Agency


provides an organizational foundation for widespread linking

Membership association for cooperative development of a digital linking infrastructure

Business model neutral

Commercial, societies, non-pro!ts, university presses, OA publishers. 66% non-pro!t

One agreement with CrossRef is a linking agreement with all other CrossRef participants


Oxford, UK5 StaffBoston, USA

14 Staff

-16 person international Board of Directors-Working Groups & Committees


"CrossRef's goal is to be a trusted collaborative organization with broad

community connections; authoritative and innovative in support of a persistent,

sustainable infrastructure for scholarly communication."


Why do publishers join?



To get persistent IDs and links for their content




To drive more traffic to their content





To turn their references into hyperlinks






To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)






To add Cited-by links (what cites this article?)

To participate in new collaborative services


3,542 publishers and societies

48,200,000 content items with DOIs

24,870 journals

166,000 books

21,200 conference proceedings


0

9,400,000

18,800,000

28,200,000

37,600,000

47,000,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20102011

Content Growth

Total CrossRef DOIs


Linking 5 centuries of content

Century # of DOIs deposited

17th 1,686

18th 4,200

19th 651,584

20th 20,804,031

21st 13,914,241


Linking 5 centuries of content

Century # of DOIs deposited

17th 1,686

18th 4,200

19th 651,584

20th 20,804,031

21st 13,914,241

1665Friday, 2 September 2011

45 - 55,000,000


CrossRef Member Obligations1.Deposit all current journal articles


CrossRef Member Obligations2. Update metadata and especially URLs


CrossRef Member Obligations3. Implement outbound reference linking


CrossRef Member Obligations4. Do not publicize CrossRef DOIs until links are live


CrossRef Member Obligations4. Resolve DOI con#icts


CrossRef Member Obligations6. Make plans for long term archiving


• Technical: two data centers, backups, disaster recovery plan

• IP and trademarks: ownership of IP of system software and a strong brand

• Sustainable org: good governance, sound business model (surpluses) and Cash Reserve Fund

How to ensure long-term persistence?


Creating DOIs for content



DOI suffixes should be:

Short

Easily documented

Readily implemented

Opaque/Dumb




Short

Easily documented

Readily implemented

Opaque/Dumb

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N




Short

Easily documented

Readily implemented

Opaque/Dumb

10.1002/smj.376

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/33.0.CO;2-N


New DOI display GuidelinesAnnounced 2nd August 2011

doi:10.5555/12345678

http://dx.doi.org10.5555/12345678

change

to


http://dx.doi.org10.5555/12345678

http://dx.doi.org10.5555/12345678

Bene"ts


Content Negotiation for DOIs

All CrossRef Metadata available in machine-readable format

In accordance with linked data principles

No change for people following DOI links

Machines following DOI links can ask to receive XML metadata instead of the HTML page


Fees: Annual Membership

Annual Publishing Revenue Annual Fee

< $1 million $275

$1 million-$5 million $550

$5 million-$10 million $1,650






>$500 million $50,000


One-Time Deposit Fees

Deposit Type Per-DOI Fee

Current records (2008-2010) $1.00

Book chapters and reference entries ≤ 250 per title $0.25

Book chapters and reference entries > 250 per title $0.15

Backfiles $0.15

Components, data records $.06

Journal Titles free


What is CrossRef Cited-by Linking?

A way to answer the question:“Who’s Citing You?”

• An optional reference linking service of CrossRef

• Additional navigation for your publication web site

• Demonstration to your readers the relevance of your content


Cited-by Rules


Cited-by Rules• Participation is optional



• Members must deposit references from their current material in order to retrieve Cited-by links.




• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’ primary content.




• Members (or Affiliates acting on their behalf ) can retrieve Cited-by links to display in Members’ primary content.

• Cited-by Linking is not available for secondary publishers.


• 225 publishers participating

• 8.7 million articles with references deposited

• 138 million Cited-by links

• 17.4 million articles with at least one Cited-by link


Services


Services

•Cross-publisher reference linking


Services


•Cross-publisher cited-by linking


Services



•Cross-publisher plagiarism screening


Services



•Cross-publisher plagiarism screening

•Cross-publisher content validation


Cross-Publisher Plagiarism Screening


http://www.crossref.org/crosscheck.html

http://www.crossref.org/crosscheck.html

243 publishers

29.9 million content items indexed

57,000 titles

20,000+ manuscripts checked each month


Documents Checked

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Aug-10

Sep-10

Oct-10

Nov-10

Dec-10

Jan-11

Feb-11

Mar-11

Apr-11

May-11

Jun-11

Jul-11


Industry Problems

• The scholarly pre-publication process is largely invisible

• The common belief that the publisher’s job is done on publication of the “!nal” version

• A proliferation of versions of content online that are not stewarded

• Readers don’t know which copy to “trust”


erratumcorrigendum

updatesenhancements

withdrawalsretractions

new editionsFriday, 2 September 2011

What is CrossMark?


A logo that identi!es a publisher-maintained copy of a piece of content

What is CrossMark?



Clicking the logo tells you

What is CrossMark?




Whether there have been any updates

What is CrossMark?





If this copy is being maintained by the publisher

What is CrossMark?






Where the publisher-maintained version is

What is CrossMark?






Where the publisher-maintained version is

Other important publication record information

What is CrossMark?


What kind of Publication Record information could be available?


What kind of Publication Record information could be available?

Funding disclosures

Con#ict of interest statements

Publication history (submission, revision and accepted dates)

Location of data deposits or registries

Peer review process used

CrossCheck plagiarism screening

License types


www.crossref.org/crossmark


http://crossmarksupport.labs.crossref.org/index.html

http://crossmarksupport.labs.crossref.org/index.html

Conclusions


Conclusions

• CrossRef provides infrastructure to enable publishers to enhance their content and services


Conclusions


• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers content


Conclusions


• CrossRef services drive traffic to publishers content

• CrossRef services enable publishers to highlight the value they add to content


Final Thought

• No publisher is an island - collaboration and connection are the keys


Thank YouKirsty Meddings

Product [email protected]


crossref: improving scholarly communications

Technology

doi components

doi pre xes

doi registration agencyfriday

crossref doi reference

user accesses crossref

crossref http

doi directory pre x

persistent ids