cropping pattern changes in andhra pradesh

March 2015 Cropping Paern Changes in Andhra Pradesh Sidhu A, Anupama GV, Uam Deb and Cynthia Banlan Introducon • Understanding cropping paern (share of area under different crops), changes in cropping paern and the factors responsible for change are important • Changes in cropping paern in two villages (Pamidipadu and JC Agraharam) of Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh are studied. Objecves • To analyze the changes in cropping paern during the last five years (2009/10 to 2013/14) in Prakasam villages of Andhra Pradesh • To examine the role of producvity, profitability and labor requirement in changes in cropping paern. Data and methodology • VDSA panel household survey data: 2009/10-2013/14 • Cropping seasons: Kharif and Rabi. Science with a human face About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scienfic informaon: hp://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org V I LL A GE D YNAMI CS IN SOU T H A S I A Funding support: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundaon Internaonal Crops Research Instute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India Profitability (` /ha) Trends in labor Use (days/ha) in crop producon Crop producvity (t/ ha) Results Cropping paern: Pamidipadu: Kharif: Coon area share increased from 2% to 53%. Share of Jute area to the total cropped area has increased from 6% to 30% over the last five years. Pigeonpea area has gone down from 33% to 2.5%, Sorghum fodder area decreased from 21% to 8% and Lady fingers at 45% in 2009 is absent now. Farmers started maize culvaon in 2013 (34% area). Rabi: Chickpea area share dropped from 57% to 49%, Chillies area share has increased from 6% to 19% from 2009 to 2013. Decreasing trends were observed in Tobacco (18% to 12%) over past five year survey period. Chillies and black gram are the other crops grown. JCAgraharam: Kharif: Sesamum area has expanded to 67% and coon area share rose from 24% to 31% over the last five years. Paddy area share has declined from 29% to 15% and Pigeonpea share from 58% to 5%. Rabi: Maize area has increased to 24% and Sesamum to 37%. Sunflower area has dropped from 60% to nil over the last five years. Chickpea, variga, coriander, paddy are the other crops grown. Drivers of change: Farmers preference to chillies, inspite of high risk of price fluctuaon is due to high returns (`269,255 per hectare in 2013) and increasing producvity Tobacco area declined due to government ban on barn license, high cost of inputs Maize area increase is driven by growth in producvity and profitability. Seed companies provide the seed at farmers door and collect the produce at remunerave price. Conclusion Changes in cropping paern were driven by the net income per hectare. Increased producvity was the main factor behind increased profit in crop producon. As long as farmers receive higher profit, they are ready to use required amount of labor for crop producon. Cropping paern

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Page 1: Cropping Pattern Changes in Andhra Pradesh

Mar

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Cropping Pattern Changes in Andhra PradeshSidhu A, Anupama GV, Uttam Deb and Cynthia Bantilan

Introduction•Understandingcroppingpattern(shareofareaunderdifferentcrops),changesincroppingpatternandthefactorsresponsibleforchangeareimportant

•Changesincroppingpatternintwovillages(PamidipaduandJCAgraharam)ofPrakasamdistrictofAndhraPradesharestudied.

Objectives• Toanalyzethechangesincroppingpatternduringthelastfiveyears(2009/10to2013/14)inPrakasamvillagesofAndhraPradesh

• Toexaminetheroleofproductivity,profitabilityandlaborrequirementinchangesincroppingpattern.

Data and methodology •VDSApanelhouseholdsurveydata:2009/10-2013/14•Croppingseasons:KharifandRabi.

Science with a human faceAboutICRISAT:www.icrisat.orgICRISAT’sscientificinformation:http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org

VILLAGE DYNAMICS IN SOUTH ASIA

Fundingsupport:Bill&MelindaGatesFoundation

InternationalCropsResearchInstitutefortheSemi-AridTropics,India

Profitability (` /ha)

Trends in labor Use (days/ha) in crop production

Crop productivity (t/ ha)

Results

Cropping pattern:

Pamidipadu: Kharif:Cottonareashareincreasedfrom2%to53%.ShareofJuteareatothetotalcroppedareahasincreasedfrom6%to30%overthelastfiveyears.Pigeonpeaareahasgonedownfrom33%to2.5%,Sorghumfodderareadecreasedfrom21%to8%andLadyfingersat45%in2009isabsentnow.Farmersstartedmaizecultivationin2013(34%area).

Rabi:Chickpeaareasharedroppedfrom57%to49%,Chilliesareasharehasincreasedfrom6%to19%from2009to2013.DecreasingtrendswereobservedinTobacco(18%to12%)overpastfiveyearsurveyperiod.Chilliesandblackgramaretheothercropsgrown.

JCAgraharam:

Kharif:Sesamumareahasexpandedto67%andcottonareasharerosefrom24%to31%overthelastfiveyears.Paddyareasharehasdeclinedfrom29%to15%andPigeonpeasharefrom58%to5%.

Rabi:Maizeareahasincreasedto24%andSesamumto37%.Sunflowerareahasdroppedfrom60%toniloverthelastfiveyears.Chickpea,variga,coriander,paddyaretheothercropsgrown.

Drivers of change:

Farmerspreferencetochillies,inspiteofhighriskofpricefluctuationisduetohighreturns(`269,255perhectarein2013)andincreasingproductivity

Tobaccoareadeclinedduetogovernmentbanonbarnlicense,highcostofinputs

Maizeareaincreaseisdrivenbygrowthinproductivityandprofitability.Seedcompaniesprovidetheseedatfarmersdoorandcollecttheproduceatremunerativeprice.

ConclusionChangesincroppingpatternweredrivenbythenetincomeperhectare.Increasedproductivitywasthemainfactorbehindincreasedprofitincropproduction.Aslongasfarmersreceivehigherprofit,theyarereadytouserequiredamountoflaborforcropproduction.

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