LANGUAGES IN CROATIA

Official language

The official language in Croatia is Croatian Official languages in Istria is Croatian and

Italian Croatian is native language to 96% of

population

Croatian dictionary Croatian and Italian language in Istria

Other languages in Croatia

Languages of immigrants: Albanian Bosnian Bulgarian Czech Hebrew Hungarian Macedonian German Polish

Romanian Russian Slovak Slovenian Serbian Italian Turkish Ukrainian etc.

Dialects

There are three dialects in Croatian language: Shtokavian Chakavian Kajkavian

Standard and literary Croatian is based on the central dialect, Shtokavian

History of Croatian language

Baška tablet , Island Krk

ca. 1100

Glagolitic Missal of Duke Novak, 1368

Vatican Croatian Prayer Book, ca. 1400

Hrvoje's Missal, 1404

A page from the "Istrian land survey" of 1526

The Vinodol Codex, 1288

Movie about the history of the Croatian language

Croatian grammar

Seven cases: Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Locative Instrument

al Vocative

Ten kinds of words: Nouns Verbs Adjectives Pronouns Numerals Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Particles Exclamations

Seven tenses: The Past

Perfect Aorist Imperfect Pluperfect

The Present Present

The Future Future I Future II

Croatian alphabet

30 letters The Croatian Latin was

mostly designed by Ljudevit Gaj

Linguists deal with alphabet area and study spelling

Croatian linguist and reformer Croatian alphabet Ljudevit Gaj

Foreign words

from the: Latin German Italian Russian Hungarian Turkish Czech French

more recently a major blow to the Croatian language is by English (“frend”, “shopping”, “huligan” etc.)

some foreign words are “bistro”, “baština”, “alkohol”, “alat”, “kula”, “jorgan” etc.

Croatian literature

compilation of novels, dramas, short stories and poems

periods in the literature: Medieval period Renaissance Baroque Classicism and

Enlightenment Romanticism Protorealism Realism Modernism 20th century Month of Croatian book

Interesting facts

The longest word in Croatian language is “prijestolonasljednikovica”. Its longest form is “prijestolonasljednikovičičinima”

The shortest words are a (and, but), u (in), i (and), o (about), k (to), s (with)

Croatian is ranked 95th by the number of speakers

About 7 million people speak Croatian Science that deals with the Croatian

language is called the Croatistics

Authors:

Katarina Krešo Nikolina Novaković

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