Critical ThinkingSingle Decisions have Large Consequences

Stacy ZalenskiProfessionalismCaldwell College

As Behavior Analysts

• We generally are not satisfied with anecdotes or second-hand information– We want to see the data– We want to collect data directly– We know that even the most

reputable data may not apply to every learner

• Casual Thinking—Problem Solving– “I need work done on my car, but don’t like my

current mechanic. There is a local mechanic who has been in the same location for the past ten years. My friend takes her car there and recommended that I bring my car there.”

Casual vs. Critical Thinking

Information(Data)

Inference(Conclusion)

Implication (Consequence)

Assumptions

Dangers of Casual Thinking

• In our field, decisions have lasting impacts on both the learner and anyone who will ever come into contact with that learner. – Waste of time, money, & resources– May not work– May cause more harm

• Examples: Sensory Integration & Facilitated Communication

Ways of Knowing

• Authority– Books, news/media, professionals &

“experts”Human error—cannot rely on findings simply because the source is a current leader in the field

• Common Sense/ Intuition/ LogicRelies solely on personal judgment

• ScientificCombines other sources, but is built upon

standard practices for collecting evidence.

M. Vigorito, (Fall 2009) Seton Hall University

Critical Thinking Skills

• According to “criticalthinking.org”, there are 35 dimensions of critical thought. – Affective Strategies• Thinking Independently• Developing Intellectual Courage

– Cognitive Strategies, (Macro Abilities)• Clarifying Issues, Conclusions, or Beliefs• Making Inter-Disciplinary Connections

– Cognitive Strategies, (Micro Abilities)• Distinguishing Relevant from Irrelevant Facts

Critical Thinking• Analyze the Evidence– Refer back to Research Methods and rely on the

current standards for presentation and analysis of data

• Listen to all sides– You can discuss solutions found through

problem solving, but don’t hold them as the ultimate truth without further study.

• Don’t “assume” your interventions will work– Don’t believe that simply because you put it

together, it is flawless– Submit your program to a “peer-review

committee”

In Summation

• ASK QUESTIONS• Don’t let feelings or desires

obstruct the truth. • Read the literature.

References• Bailey, J., & Burch, M. (2010). 25 essential skills and strategies for the

professional behavior analyst: Expert tips for maximizing consulting effectiveness. New York, NY: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

• M. Vigorito (personal communication, fall 2009)

• http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/strategy-list-35-dimensions-of-critical-thought/466#s23

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9BMyaftZ1A

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=n_FN7pu-huU