critical thinking handout
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notes for powerpointTRANSCRIPT
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
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Keys to Critical thinking
D description what when where who
A analysis how why what if
E evaluation So what, what next
Hindrances
Basic human limitations
Use of language
Faulty logic
Psychological and social pitfalls
Slide 4 The dairy industry cleverly expresses fat content as a percentage of weight, not of calories. Thus 2% “low” fat milk really has 31% fat when fat is measured as a percentage of calories.
Slide 5 Emotive ContentNaming detergents “Joy” and “Cheer” (positive), not “Dreary” and “Tedious” (negative). The military using the phrase “neutralizing the opposition” (less negative) rather than “killing” (negative) A fun warmer might be – choose an inappropriate name for a product
Slide 6 The use of inoffensive words or expressions to mislead, disarm, or deceive us about unpleasant realities.Compare it to newspaper Arctic Blast! Instead of slightly chilly wind
Referring to a policy of mass murder as “ethnic cleansing” or the inadvertent killing of innocent people as “collateral damage.”
Slide 7 Astrology readings, intended for people of a specific sign, can be applicable to most individuals. This effect usually works in conjunction
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False implications
Emotive content
Doublespeak and euphamism
Forer effect
with ‘Self-Deception’ and ‘Wishful Thinking.’
Slide 8 The tendency for researchers and journalists to publish research with positive outcomes between two or more variables, while not publishing research that shows no effects at all.
Slide 9 Intentionally restricting the number of alternatives, thereby omitting relevant alternatives from consideration. “You are either with us, or with the terrorists!”
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Positive outcome bias
Fallacy of false dilemma
Either or fallacy
Slide 10 An argument that assumes an adverse chain of events will occur, but offers no proof “Because regulators have controlled smoking in public places, their ultimate goal is to control everything else in our lives.”
Slide 11 An appeal to the popularity of the claim as a reason for accepting the claim
Slide 12 The process by which a claim, independent of its validity, becomes a strong belief through repeated assertion by members of a community. The communally reinforced yet mistaken belief that one can get rid of cancer simply by visualization and humour alone.
Slide 13 Creating a prejudicial atmosphere against the opposition, making it difficult for the opponent to be received fairly.
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Slippery slope fallacy
Ad populum, Bandwagon fallacy
Communal Reinforcement
Poisoning the well
Slide 14 Fabulous activities
Slide 15 Warmer Guardian advert
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SsccRkLLzU
Slide 16 Discussion Talk about newspapers. What does your newspaper say about you ? ( your political bias, your education , your class? )Debates . Prepare an ‘editorial’ piece for two papers at either end of the spectrum. Prepare what to say regardless of personal opinion .support one side, predict argument the other side will put forward.
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Slide 17 Writing task 1 horror story2 estate agent3 childhood memories Different vocabulary and different very different focus in each.
Slide 18 Reading Two newspaper reports with different bias/ only half the information. Half the class read one, other half read the other. Draw a conclusion. Discuss / read the other half. Have opinions changed ?
Slide 19 Speaking Guardian Three little pigs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDGrfhJH1P4
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Slide 20 Listening https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCbHyATBxf0
Slide 21 Quiz 1. All of them. 2. No. He’s dead. 3. Meat 4. Varies - The age of the student answering. 5. 1. after that your stomach is not empty6. Your great grandmother
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