Crisis counselingCrisis counseling

Lorelei R. VinluanLorelei R. Vinluan

UP College of EducationUP College of Education

TENSIONCRISIS

ANXIETY

HOMEOSTASIS

CHANGE

CrisisCrisis

The perception or experiencing of an The perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the resources and difficulty that exceeds the resources and coping mechanisms of the person, and coping mechanisms of the person, and unless the person gains relief the crisis unless the person gains relief the crisis has the potential to cause severe affective, has the potential to cause severe affective, cognitive, and behavioral malfunctioning.cognitive, and behavioral malfunctioning.

Types of crisisTypes of crisis

1.1. Developmental crisisDevelopmental crisis

2.2. Situational crisisSituational crisis

3.3. Existential crisisExistential crisis

4.4. Systemic crisisSystemic crisis

Developmental crisisDevelopmental crisis: Occurs when events in the : Occurs when events in the normal flow of human growth are disrupted by a normal flow of human growth are disrupted by a dramatic shift that precipitates a change in the dramatic shift that precipitates a change in the way people function. Examples: birth of a child, way people function. Examples: birth of a child, retirement, college graduation, career changesretirement, college graduation, career changes

Situational crisisSituational crisis: Emerges with the advent of : Emerges with the advent of unexpected events that lie outside the realm of unexpected events that lie outside the realm of normal functioning; individuals neither anticipate normal functioning; individuals neither anticipate nor have a way of controlling situational crises. nor have a way of controlling situational crises. Examples: automobile accidents, sexual assault, Examples: automobile accidents, sexual assault, sudden illness, job loss.sudden illness, job loss.

Existential crisisExistential crisis: Occurs when individuals become aware : Occurs when individuals become aware that an important intrapersonal aspect of their lives may that an important intrapersonal aspect of their lives may never be fulfilled. This, in turn, has an impact on self-never be fulfilled. This, in turn, has an impact on self-purpose and self-worth. Examples: failure to fulfill a purpose and self-worth. Examples: failure to fulfill a lifelong dream, intrapersonal conflicts about a lack of lifelong dream, intrapersonal conflicts about a lack of meaning in one’s life, realization that one has not formed meaning in one’s life, realization that one has not formed significant relationships.significant relationships.

Systemic crisisSystemic crisis: Occurs when an identifiable event : Occurs when an identifiable event ripples out into large segments of the population and the ripples out into large segments of the population and the environment and has a psychological impact not only on environment and has a psychological impact not only on the immediate victims, but on people throughout the the immediate victims, but on people throughout the world. Examples: natural disasters, hurricanes, world. Examples: natural disasters, hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, terrorist attacks, school shootings.droughts, wildfires, terrorist attacks, school shootings.

Components of a crisisComponents of a crisis

1.1. a hazardous or traumatic eventa hazardous or traumatic event

2.2. a vulnerable statea vulnerable state

3.3. a precipitating factora precipitating factor

4.4. an active crisis statean active crisis state

5.5. the resolution of the crisisthe resolution of the crisis

Dealing with crisisDealing with crisis

recognize how you are feelingrecognize how you are feelingwork out what areas of your life you can work out what areas of your life you can

control and do socontrol and do sodon't be too hard on yourselfdon't be too hard on yourselfget support for yourself from friends or get support for yourself from friends or

relatives, or get professional helprelatives, or get professional helpanticipate problems coming and make anticipate problems coming and make

plansplans

Crisis counselingCrisis counseling

refers to a counselor entering into the life refers to a counselor entering into the life situation of an individual or family to situation of an individual or family to alleviate the impact of a crisis to help alleviate the impact of a crisis to help mobilize the resources of those directly mobilize the resources of those directly affectedaffected

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

1.1. immediacyimmediacy

2.2. proximityproximity

3.3. expectancyexpectancy

4.4. brevitybrevity

5.5. simplicitysimplicity

immediacy – early interventionimmediacy – early intervention proximity – intervention within close proximity – intervention within close

physical proximity to the acute crisis physical proximity to the acute crisis manifestationmanifestation

expectancy – the expectation of the expectancy – the expectation of the recipient is that of an acute problem-recipient is that of an acute problem-focused interventionfocused intervention

brevity – the intervention will be short in brevity – the intervention will be short in the totality of its duration often lasting the totality of its duration often lasting only one to three contactsonly one to three contacts

simplicity – simple, directive interventions simplicity – simple, directive interventions seem to be the most useful, whereas seem to be the most useful, whereas complex interventions which require the complex interventions which require the interpretation of unconscious motives, interpretation of unconscious motives, paradoxical intention, or confrontation paradoxical intention, or confrontation should usually be avoided.should usually be avoided.

Crisis counseling goalsCrisis counseling goals

1.1. Establish the meaning and understand Establish the meaning and understand the personal significance of the situation.the personal significance of the situation.

2.2. Confront reality and respond to the Confront reality and respond to the requirements of the external situation.requirements of the external situation.

3.3. Sustain relationships with family Sustain relationships with family members and friends as well as with members and friends as well as with other individuals who may be helpful in other individuals who may be helpful in resolving the crisis and its aftermath.resolving the crisis and its aftermath.

Crisis counseling goalsCrisis counseling goals

4.4. Preserve a reasonable emotional Preserve a reasonable emotional balance by managing upsetting feelings balance by managing upsetting feelings aroused by the situation.aroused by the situation.

5.5. Preserve a satisfactory self-image and Preserve a satisfactory self-image and achieve a sense of competence and achieve a sense of competence and mastery.mastery.

The effective crisis counselorThe effective crisis counselor

poisepoise flexibilityflexibilitycreativitycreativity resilienceresilience

Generic counseling principlesGeneric counseling principles

1.1. Begin counseling immediately.Begin counseling immediately.

2.2. Be concerned and competent.Be concerned and competent.

3.3. Listen to the facts of the situation.Listen to the facts of the situation.

4.4. Reflect the individual’s feelings.Reflect the individual’s feelings.

Generic counseling principlesGeneric counseling principles

5.5. Help the individual realize that the crisis Help the individual realize that the crisis event has occurred.event has occurred.

6.6. Do not encourage or support blaming.Do not encourage or support blaming.

7.7. Do not give false reassurance.Do not give false reassurance.

8.8. Recognize the primacy of taking action.Recognize the primacy of taking action.

StrategiesStrategies

1.1. Encouraging victim responseEncouraging victim response

2.2. RespondingResponding

3.3. Acknowledgment of feelingsAcknowledgment of feelings

4.4. Follow-up serviceFollow-up service

5.5. Handling stressHandling stress