CRIMINALISTICSCRIMINALISTICS

Dr. Ariel C. ManlusocDr. Ariel C. Manlusoc

Forensic Science = refers to the application Forensic Science = refers to the application of various sciences to law or administration of various sciences to law or administration of justice. It is the application of a broad of justice. It is the application of a broad spectrum of spectrum of sciencessciences to answer questions of to answer questions of interest to a legal system.interest to a legal system.

Forensic = was derived from the Latin word Forensic = was derived from the Latin word “Forum” which means a market place, a “Forum” which means a market place, a place where people gathered for public place where people gathered for public discussion.discussion.

Criminalistics = is a profession or a field of Criminalistics = is a profession or a field of forensic science that deals with recognition, forensic science that deals with recognition, collection, preservation and examination of collection, preservation and examination of physical evidence for the administration of physical evidence for the administration of justice. justice.

Fields of CriminalisticsFields of Criminalistics

Dactyloscopy = science of fingerprint Dactyloscopy = science of fingerprint Identification and classification.Identification and classification.

Forensic Photography = the application of the Forensic Photography = the application of the principle of photography in discovering truth.principle of photography in discovering truth.

Forensic Odontology = the scientific Forensic Odontology = the scientific identification by means of dental record.identification by means of dental record.

Forensic Ballistics = the science of F/A Forensic Ballistics = the science of F/A identification by means of the ammunition fired identification by means of the ammunition fired from them.from them.

Forensic Entomology = study of role or Forensic Entomology = study of role or importance of insects in the crime investigation.importance of insects in the crime investigation.

Forensic Chemistry = the application of the Forensic Chemistry = the application of the principle of chemistry in relation to the principle of chemistry in relation to the administration of justice. ( Physical and administration of justice. ( Physical and Chemical composition of matters)Chemical composition of matters)

Forensic Anthropology = the scientific Forensic Anthropology = the scientific method of identification by means of skeletal method of identification by means of skeletal remains.remains.

Questioned Document = scientific analysis of Questioned Document = scientific analysis of documents which is under scrutiny.documents which is under scrutiny.

Forensic Toxicology = the application of the Forensic Toxicology = the application of the principle of toxicology (study of poison) in principle of toxicology (study of poison) in discovering truth concerning suspicious discovering truth concerning suspicious death in a person.death in a person.

Forensic Microbiology Forensic Microbiology Forensic SerologyForensic SerologyForensic ZoologyForensic ZoologyForensic BiologyForensic Biology

Polygraphy Polygraphy

= scientific method of detecting deception = scientific method of detecting deception done with the aid of polygraph machine.done with the aid of polygraph machine.

= also known as instrumental interrogation/ = also known as instrumental interrogation/ lie detector test.lie detector test.

1. The word 1. The word PolygraphPolygraph was derived from What was derived from What word?word?

a. Poly and Grapha. Poly and Graph c. Greek c. Greek

b. Many writing chartb. Many writing chart d. Latind. Latin

The word Polygraph was derived from the Greek The word Polygraph was derived from the Greek word word “poly” “poly” which means which means “many or several“many or several” and ” and “graph” “graph” meaning meaning “writing chart”“writing chart”

It was coined by It was coined by “Thomas Jefferson”“Thomas Jefferson”

PolygraphPolygraph = is a scientific instrument capable of = is a scientific instrument capable of recording changes of blood pressure, pulse beat recording changes of blood pressure, pulse beat and respiration as indicative of emotional and respiration as indicative of emotional disturbances.disturbances.

2. The first scientific lie detection was conducted in 2. The first scientific lie detection was conducted in 1895 by Cesare Lombroso using what 1895 by Cesare Lombroso using what instrument?instrument?

a. bread board lie detectora. bread board lie detector

b. psychographb. psychograph

c. pulselogiumc. pulselogium

d. hyrdosphygmograph d. hyrdosphygmograph

PulselogimPulselogim was invented by Galileo Galilee as 1 was invented by Galileo Galilee as 1stst instrument used for measuring pulse beat.instrument used for measuring pulse beat.

Bread Board lie detector Bread Board lie detector is the first portable is the first portable polygraph machine invented by John Larson in polygraph machine invented by John Larson in 1921.1921.

3. Is the person who devise an instrument that can 3. Is the person who devise an instrument that can record record changes of blood pressure, pulse beat changes of blood pressure, pulse beat and respiration simultaneously.and respiration simultaneously.

a. Cesare Lombroso c. Sir James Mackenziea. Cesare Lombroso c. Sir James Mackenzie

b. John A. Larsonb. John A. Larson d. William Marston d. William Marston

William Marston William Marston = utilized sphygmomanometer = utilized sphygmomanometer for detecting systolic blood pressure and for detecting systolic blood pressure and developed the discontinuous technique in developed the discontinuous technique in questioning.questioning.

Sir James Mackenzie Sir James Mackenzie = is a heart specialist who = is a heart specialist who described in two (2) British Journal a machine described in two (2) British Journal a machine which he called “Ink Polygraph”. which he called “Ink Polygraph”.

4. A person who makes 4. A person who makes a a great improvementgreat improvement on on the polygraph machine in the year the polygraph machine in the year 19261926..

a. John A. Larsona. John A. Larson c. John E. Reidc. John E. Reid

b. Richard O. Arthurb. Richard O. Arthur d. Leonarde Keelerd. Leonarde Keeler

Richard D. Arthur Richard D. Arthur = developed his own polygraph = developed his own polygraph machine with two (2) galvanic skin resistance.machine with two (2) galvanic skin resistance.

John E. Reid John E. Reid = developed his Reid polygraph = developed his Reid polygraph known for the addition of muscular resistance. known for the addition of muscular resistance. Later the machine was adopted by the Later the machine was adopted by the company and named after it “Stoelting company and named after it “Stoelting Polygraph”.Polygraph”.

5. An Australian Magistrate who described the work 5. An Australian Magistrate who described the work of investigator/detectives as “Search for Truth”of investigator/detectives as “Search for Truth”a. Dr. Paul Kirka. Dr. Paul Kirk c. August Vollmer c. August Vollmer

b. Dr. Hans Grossb. Dr. Hans Gross d. Angelo Mossod. Angelo Mosso

Dr. Paul Kirk Dr. Paul Kirk = the father of criminalitistics in U.S.= the father of criminalitistics in U.S.

August Vollmer August Vollmer = the first head of the first = the first head of the first comprehensive crime laboratory in U.S.comprehensive crime laboratory in U.S.

Angelo Mosso Angelo Mosso = the one who studied fear as a = the one who studied fear as a strong influence in detecting deception and also strong influence in detecting deception and also utilized sphygmomanometer. utilized sphygmomanometer.

6. The person who made the 6. The person who made the first suggestion for first suggestion for using the Psycho Galvanic reactionusing the Psycho Galvanic reaction for for detecting deception and we stated that galvanic detecting deception and we stated that galvanic skin phenomenon is under the influence of skin phenomenon is under the influence of exciting mental impressions and the will has no exciting mental impressions and the will has no effect upon it.effect upon it.a. Veraguth c. Stickera. Veraguth c. Stickerb. Harold Burttb. Harold Burtt d. Vittorio Bennussid. Vittorio Bennussi

Vittorio Benussi Vittorio Benussi = devised a system of computing = devised a system of computing the ratio between inhale and exhale and the ratio between inhale and exhale and exhale of the subject.exhale of the subject.

Harold Burtt Harold Burtt “= respiration & systolic B.P.”“= respiration & systolic B.P.”StickerSticker =“Activity of Sweat Glands & Electro =“Activity of Sweat Glands & Electro

dermal Response.”dermal Response.”

7. He devised a 7. He devised a quantitative analysisquantitative analysis on a on a polygraph chart and the test called polygraph chart and the test called Backster Backster Zone Comparison TechniqueZone Comparison Technique. (numerical . (numerical scoring)scoring)

a. Cleve Backstera. Cleve Backster c. C.D. Leec. C.D. Lee

b. Richard D. Arthurb. Richard D. Arthur d. Galilleo d. Galilleo

Richard D. Arthur = developed two (2) galvanic Richard D. Arthur = developed two (2) galvanic skin resistance.skin resistance.

C.D. Lee = developed “psychograph machine”C.D. Lee = developed “psychograph machine”

Galilleo = developed the first instrument to Galilleo = developed the first instrument to record pulse beat called “pulselogium”record pulse beat called “pulselogium”

8. Is an ancient method of detecting deception practice 8. Is an ancient method of detecting deception practice in Bengal, India where accused to proved his in Bengal, India where accused to proved his innocent would innocent would touch his tongue to an extremely hot touch his tongue to an extremely hot metalmetal..a. boiling water ordeala. boiling water ordeal c. red hot iron ordealc. red hot iron ordealb. ordeal of balanceb. ordeal of balance d. Ordeal of heat and fired. Ordeal of heat and fire

9. The 9. The Raid polygraph differs from the keeler’sRaid polygraph differs from the keeler’s in the in the following respect following respect except:except:

a. An adjustable and portable chair is employed wherein a. An adjustable and portable chair is employed wherein metal bellows are inserted in the chair arm rests.metal bellows are inserted in the chair arm rests.

b. The chair seat is directly attached to recording b. The chair seat is directly attached to recording bellows in the machine to form closed pneumatic bellows in the machine to form closed pneumatic systems.systems.

c. Three additional recordings are made by this methodc. Three additional recordings are made by this method

d. There is no need of using corrugated rubber d. There is no need of using corrugated rubber tubing.tubing.

10. It is the 10. It is the act of deceiving act of deceiving usually usually accompanied by uttering falsehood?accompanied by uttering falsehood?

a. lyinga. lying c. deceptionc. deception

b. Misleadingb. Misleading d. lied. lie

11. Which of the following is 11. Which of the following is truetrue about about Polygraph machine?Polygraph machine?

a.a. It is a machine that can diagnose subject.It is a machine that can diagnose subject.

b.b. It is capable of interpreting and drawing It is capable of interpreting and drawing conclusion.conclusion.

c.c. It is a lie detector machine.It is a lie detector machine.

d.d. It is a machine that detects physiological It is a machine that detects physiological responses.responses.

12. The polygraph machine should be 12. The polygraph machine should be _________ in relation to the credibility and _________ in relation to the credibility and competence of the examiner?competence of the examiner?

a.a. Indirectly proportionIndirectly proportion

b.b. Supplementary to investigationSupplementary to investigation

c.c. Substitute to investigationSubstitute to investigation

d.d. Directly proportion Directly proportion

PolygraphyPolygraphy is an aid and never a substitute is an aid and never a substitute for investigation.for investigation.

13. The following 13. The following notionsnotions about polygraph about polygraph machine are machine are wrong, EXCEPT.wrong, EXCEPT.

a. It rings a bella. It rings a bellb. It has a dial indicatorb. It has a dial indicatorc. It flash a lightc. It flash a lightd. It is like an X-rayd. It is like an X-ray

14. 14. Is the scientific basis of the polygraph test which Is the scientific basis of the polygraph test which states that the polygraph machine is an instrument states that the polygraph machine is an instrument capable of making recordscapable of making records of various human of various human functioning simultaneously in a chart paper.functioning simultaneously in a chart paper.

a. mechanical leg basic premisea. mechanical leg basic premiseb. physiological leg basic premiseb. physiological leg basic premisec. psychological leg basic premisec. psychological leg basic premised. psycho motor leg basic premised. psycho motor leg basic premise

15. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, 15. A type of deceit for the purpose of humor, when the falsehood is generally understood, when the falsehood is generally understood, is often regarded as not immoral and is widely is often regarded as not immoral and is widely practiced by humorists and comedians.practiced by humorists and comedians.

a. White liea. White lie c. Jocose liec. Jocose lie

b. Emergency lieb. Emergency lie d. Malicious lied. Malicious lieWhite lie (officious)=White lie (officious)=where the lie is harmless, and where the lie is harmless, and

there are circumstances where there is an there are circumstances where there is an expectation to be less than totally honest through expectation to be less than totally honest through necessity or pragmatism. necessity or pragmatism.

Emergency lie Emergency lie =is a strategic lie told when the truth =is a strategic lie told when the truth may not be told because, for example, harm to a may not be told because, for example, harm to a third party would result.third party would result.

16. A 16. A Hindu book of science and health Hindu book of science and health which which is considered one of the earliest reference on is considered one of the earliest reference on detecting deception.detecting deception.

a. Ayur Vidaa. Ayur Vida

b. Dharmasatra of Gautamab. Dharmasatra of Gautama

c. Vasistra of Dharmasastrac. Vasistra of Dharmasastra

d. Omertad. Omerta

Dharmasastra of Gautama = explains the Dharmasastra of Gautama = explains the nature of lying.nature of lying.

Vasistra of Dharmasastra = justifies lying.Vasistra of Dharmasastra = justifies lying.

Omerta = Code of Silence (MAFIA)Omerta = Code of Silence (MAFIA)

17. Considered to be the 17. Considered to be the ancient method of ancient method of crime detection.crime detection.

a.a. Methods of OrdealMethods of Ordeal

b. Trial by Combatb. Trial by Combat

c. Boiling Water ordealc. Boiling Water ordeal

d. The Ordeal of rice chewingd. The Ordeal of rice chewing

18. Which of the following is a 18. Which of the following is a major major component of the polygraph machinecomponent of the polygraph machine??

a.a. Blood pressure cuffBlood pressure cuff

b. Pen and inking systemb. Pen and inking system

c. keymographc. keymograph

d. cardiosphygmographd. cardiosphygmograph

Major ComponentsMajor Components

1. Cardiosphygmograph = detects B.P. and P.B.1. Cardiosphygmograph = detects B.P. and P.B.

2. Galvanograph = detects skin resistance.2. Galvanograph = detects skin resistance.

3. Pneumograph = detects breathing or respiration.3. Pneumograph = detects breathing or respiration.

Major SectionMajor Section

1.1. CardiosphygmographCardiosphygmograph

2.2. GalvanographGalvanograph

3.3. PneumographPneumograph

4.4. Keymograph = driving mechanism (6 – 12 inches)Keymograph = driving mechanism (6 – 12 inches)

5.5. Pen and Inking System = designed to make a Pen and Inking System = designed to make a permanent record of the polygraph test.permanent record of the polygraph test.

19. Is that 19. Is that part of thepart of the pneumograph componentpneumograph component which was which was attached to the bodyattached to the body of the subject of the subject with the usual length of with the usual length of 10 inches10 inches..a. beaded chain a. beaded chain b. finger electrode plate b. finger electrode plate c. rubber convulated tubec. rubber convulated tubed. blood pressure cuffd. blood pressure cuff

20. Is that section of the polygraph machine 20. Is that section of the polygraph machine designed to designed to run the paperrun the paper at a regular speed of at a regular speed of 6 inches per minutes6 inches per minutes..a. keymograph a. keymograph c. pen and inking systemc. pen and inking systemb. pnuemographb. pnuemograph d. galvanogaphd. galvanogaph

21. An 21. An attachment of the cardiosphygmographattachment of the cardiosphygmograph which placed above thewhich placed above the brachial artery brachial artery..

a. arm cuffa. arm cuff c. Wrist cuffc. Wrist cuffb. infant cuffb. infant cuff d. hand cuffd. hand cuff

Wrist cuff = attached above the radial artery.Wrist cuff = attached above the radial artery.22. This is a 22. This is a galvanograph attachmentgalvanograph attachment section section

EXCEPTEXCEPT::a. sets of electrodesa. sets of electrodesb. stretched bandb. stretched bandc. electrodes jellyc. electrodes jellyd. rubber tubed. rubber tube

23. The size of the 23. The size of the galvanograph recording galvanograph recording penpen is ______? is ______?

a. 5 inchesa. 5 inches c. 7 inchesc. 7 inchesb. 6 inchesb. 6 inches d. 10 inchesd. 10 inches

5 inches = for pneumograph and 5 inches = for pneumograph and cardiosphygmograph recording.cardiosphygmograph recording.

24. The polygraph chart rolled paper has an 24. The polygraph chart rolled paper has an average length of?average length of?a. 100 yardsa. 100 yards c. 100 ftc. 100 ftb. 100 metersb. 100 meters d. 100 kmd. 100 km

25. Is the sum total of the dissimulation which the 25. Is the sum total of the dissimulation which the child child acquires from his surroundingacquires from his surrounding once he learn once he learn to go out and socialized with his neighborhood.to go out and socialized with his neighborhood.

a. Personalitya. Personality c. Heredityc. Heredityb. Environmentb. Environment d. Educationd. Education

26. What should be the 26. What should be the attitude of a polygraph attitude of a polygraph examinerexaminer in confronting subject in a polygraph test. in confronting subject in a polygraph test.

a. arroganta. arrogant c. authoritativec. authoritativeb. cordial but firmb. cordial but firm d. antagonisticd. antagonistic

PER-SON-AL-ITY = the sum total of H2EPER-SON-AL-ITY = the sum total of H2EHeredity = transmission of physical and mental traits of Heredity = transmission of physical and mental traits of

the parents to the offspring upon conception.the parents to the offspring upon conception.Education = formal process of learning in an Education = formal process of learning in an

accredited/ recognized institution. accredited/ recognized institution.

27. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to lie 27. Generally speaking, all persons subjected to lie detector examination are all ___ and this detector examination are all ___ and this creates a set of distortion.creates a set of distortion.

a. Terrifieda. Terrified c. convenientc. convenientb. nervousb. nervous d. confidentd. confident

28. When the 28. When the subject is highly nervoussubject is highly nervous, what should , what should the examiner do?the examiner do?a. reschedule the examinationa. reschedule the examinationb. prolong the period of the pre-test interview.b. prolong the period of the pre-test interview.c. call for a doctor or request for an ambulance.c. call for a doctor or request for an ambulance.d. do not continue with the pre test and ask the d. do not continue with the pre test and ask the subject for his available date for reschedule.subject for his available date for reschedule.

29. Is a 29. Is a short horizontal lineshort horizontal line in a cardio tracing in a cardio tracing located at the middle of the diastolic stem.located at the middle of the diastolic stem.

a. Dicrotica. Dicrotic c. Diastoticc. Diastotic

b. Diastolic b. Diastolic d. Systolicd. Systolic

Systolic B.P = the upward blood pressure.Systolic B.P = the upward blood pressure.

Diastolic B.P. = the downward blood pressure.Diastolic B.P. = the downward blood pressure.

30. Is the 30. Is the normal rate of pulse beatnormal rate of pulse beat of an of an adultadult subject in a polygraph test.subject in a polygraph test.

a. 60 –65a. 60 –65 c. 6- 12c. 6- 12

b. 70 – 75b. 70 – 75 d. 13- 15d. 13- 15

13- 15 – cyclic rate of respiration.13- 15 – cyclic rate of respiration.

31. In polygraph test Questions are usually 31. In polygraph test Questions are usually answaerable by:answaerable by:

a. yesa. yes c. neither yes nor noc. neither yes nor no

b. nob. no d. a or bd. a or b

32. The following are disqualified to be subject 32. The following are disqualified to be subject of polygraph test, EXCEPT.of polygraph test, EXCEPT.

a. minora. minor c. nervousc. nervous

b. imbecileb. imbecile d. insaned. insane

33. What should be the 33. What should be the mark mark placed on a chart paper placed on a chart paper at the start of the testat the start of the test??

a. X/60/1.5 Aa. X/60/1.5 A C. XX/60/1.5 AC. XX/60/1.5 Ab. X/50/2.5 Ab. X/50/2.5 A D. XXX/60/2.5 AD. XXX/60/2.5 A

34. The investigator should avoid asking witnesses 34. The investigator should avoid asking witnesses long complicated questions because this will:long complicated questions because this will:

a. Give the witness a chance to formulate a. Give the witness a chance to formulate desired answer.desired answer.b. Enable him to ascertain the purpose of the b. Enable him to ascertain the purpose of the interviewer.interviewer.c. Renders difficulty in obtaining the facts for c. Renders difficulty in obtaining the facts for convictionconvictiond. Embraces him and cause him to answer he d. Embraces him and cause him to answer he does not knowdoes not know

35. The best way to conduct a 35. The best way to conduct a thorough interviewthorough interview is for the investigator to:is for the investigator to:

a. allow himself sufficient time for adjustmenta. allow himself sufficient time for adjustmentb. permit the interviewee to give narrative statementb. permit the interviewee to give narrative statementc. be guided by a pre-arranged checklistc. be guided by a pre-arranged checklistd. Devote adequate time for an interviewee’s d. Devote adequate time for an interviewee’s

evaluation.evaluation.

36. What usually 36. What usually set the tone or conditionset the tone or condition and and creates the atmosphere during the creates the atmosphere during the interrogation?interrogation?

a. interrogator’s behaviora. interrogator’s behaviorb. the type of crime involvedb. the type of crime involvedc. questioning style of the interrogatorc. questioning style of the interrogatord. the subject’s personal historyd. the subject’s personal history

37. 37. Who determines the guiltWho determines the guilt of the subject in a of the subject in a polygraph test?polygraph test?

a. Examinera. Examiner c. Judgec. Judge

b. Prosecutorb. Prosecutor d. Investigatord. Investigator

38. Is the stage in the conduct of the polygraph test, 38. Is the stage in the conduct of the polygraph test, which is designed which is designed to prepare or conditionto prepare or condition the the subject for the actual testsubject for the actual test..

a. Initial Interviewa. Initial Interview

b. Pre-test Interview b. Pre-test Interview

c. Instrumentationc. Instrumentation

d. Post test Interview/Interrogationd. Post test Interview/Interrogation

Stages in the Conduct of Polygraph Stages in the Conduct of Polygraph ExaminationExamination

Initial interview =between subject & Investigator.Initial interview =between subject & Investigator.

= designed to obtain information.= designed to obtain information.

1.1. Pre-test Interview includes: appraisal of Pre-test Interview includes: appraisal of constitutional rights, taking subject consent, constitutional rights, taking subject consent, Filing-up of the PDS and determine the Filing-up of the PDS and determine the Physical, mental, psychological condition of Physical, mental, psychological condition of the subject.the subject.

2.2. Actual test/Instrumentation = begin with the Actual test/Instrumentation = begin with the attachment of the various component parts.attachment of the various component parts.

3.3. Post-test Interview/Interrogation = after test.Post-test Interview/Interrogation = after test.

39. It is conducted for the purpose of 39. It is conducted for the purpose of obtainingobtaining confession or an admissionconfession or an admission from the subject from the subject once deception is observed.once deception is observed.

a. initial interviewa. initial interview c. Pre-test interviewc. Pre-test interview

b. Instrumentationb. Instrumentation d. post-test interview d. post-test interview or interrogationor interrogation

40. Refers to 40. Refers to any outside forceany outside force coming from the coming from the environment, which could excite a receptor or environment, which could excite a receptor or any of his organs.any of his organs.

a. Stimulusa. Stimulus c. Reactionc. Reaction

b. Responseb. Response d. Emotiond. Emotion

StimulusStimulus = refers to any force or motion = refers to any force or motion coming from the environment and which coming from the environment and which reach an organism has the tendency to reach an organism has the tendency to arouse.arouse.

FearFear = it refers to an emotional response to = it refers to an emotional response to specific danger that appears to be beyond a specific danger that appears to be beyond a persons defensive power.persons defensive power.

ResponseResponse =the reaction to a stimulus, in =the reaction to a stimulus, in response to, in answer to.response to, in answer to.

ReactionReaction = an action in mental attitude = an action in mental attitude evoke by external influence.evoke by external influence.

41. Is the type of question designed to 41. Is the type of question designed to

established normal responseestablished normal response from the subject? from the subject?

a. relevant a. relevant c. irrelevantc. irrelevant

b. controlb. control d. knowledged. knowledge

42. 42. “ Did you shoot Rose last night?”“ Did you shoot Rose last night?” is an is an example of what question?example of what question?

a. irrelevant question a. irrelevant question c. control question c. control question

b. relevant question b. relevant question d. none of the aboved. none of the above

Irrelevant = not related to the facts in issue. Irrelevant = not related to the facts in issue. Always answerable by “yes” and design to Always answerable by “yes” and design to established the norms of the subject.established the norms of the subject.

Relevant = to establish specific response. Relevant = to establish specific response.

43. Is that type of questions given to determine 43. Is that type of questions given to determine information known or the subject possessinformation known or the subject possess regarding the crime or the criminal or his regarding the crime or the criminal or his whereabouts?whereabouts?a. evidence connecting question a. evidence connecting question b. knowledge question b. knowledge question c. sacrifice questionsc. sacrifice questionsd. control questions d. control questions

44. Is a type of test designed to 44. Is a type of test designed to overly responsive overly responsive subjectsubject, consisting of questions that are purely , consisting of questions that are purely fictitious incidentfictitious incident of a similar nature to the one of a similar nature to the one that is under investigation.that is under investigation.

a. general question testa. general question test c. peak of tension test c. peak of tension testb. guilt complex test b. guilt complex test d. silent answer test d. silent answer test

General Question test = series of relevant and General Question test = series of relevant and irrelevant answerable by either yes or no.irrelevant answerable by either yes or no.

Peak of tension test = there is only one Peak of tension test = there is only one relevant questions usually at the center and relevant questions usually at the center and a series of irrelevant question (padding a series of irrelevant question (padding question).question).

SAT= (silent answer test) no verbal response SAT= (silent answer test) no verbal response is required.is required.

Guilt Complex test = used fictitious incident to Guilt Complex test = used fictitious incident to overly responsive subject.overly responsive subject.

Yes test, No test, Card test, mixed test.Yes test, No test, Card test, mixed test.

45. Is a 45. Is a force questioningforce questioning of a person who is of a person who is reluctant to give an information.reluctant to give an information.

a. Interviewa. Interview c. Confessionc. Confession

b. Interrogationb. Interrogation d. Admissiond. Admission

46. Is a 46. Is a self incriminating statement falling shortself incriminating statement falling short of an acknowledgement of guilt.of an acknowledgement of guilt.

a. Admissiona. Admission c. Interviewc. Interview

b. Confession b. Confession d. Interrogationd. Interrogation

Interview = simple questioning of victim or Interview = simple questioning of victim or witnesses who are willing to give information.witnesses who are willing to give information.

Interrogation = forceful/rigid/vigorous Interrogation = forceful/rigid/vigorous questioning.questioning.

47. Of the following which is a kind of 47. Of the following which is a kind of polygraph machine?polygraph machine?

a. Stoelting polygraph a. Stoelting polygraph c. keeler's polygraphc. keeler's polygraph

b. Laffayette polygraphb. Laffayette polygraph d. all of these d. all of these

48. Is that part of the galvanograph component 48. Is that part of the galvanograph component which converts electrical to mechanical which converts electrical to mechanical current:current:

a. Amplifier unit c. finger electrode assemblya. Amplifier unit c. finger electrode assembly

b. resonance control d. sensitivity knobb. resonance control d. sensitivity knob

49. In any interrogation the belief that man is 49. In any interrogation the belief that man is fallible human being should not be fallible human being should not be overlooked and therefore polygraph overlooked and therefore polygraph examiners are always subject to examiners are always subject to _________?_________?

a. precision of diagnosisa. precision of diagnosis c. errorsc. errors

b. certainty of interpretationsb. certainty of interpretations d. none of thesed. none of these

50. Refers to the 50. Refers to the brief confrontation between brief confrontation between the subject and the polygraph examiner the subject and the polygraph examiner done done every after taking each chart.every after taking each chart.

a. initial interviewa. initial interview c. Pre-test interview c. Pre-test interview

b. chart probingb. chart probing d. post-test interview or d. post-test interview or interrogationinterrogation

Personal IdentificationPersonal Identification

= a system of recognizing and identifying a = a system of recognizing and identifying a particular person based on his/her particular person based on his/her characteristics as differentiate from others.characteristics as differentiate from others.

1. A 1. A system of identificationsystem of identification which was used which was used earlier than the fingerprint system, made by earlier than the fingerprint system, made by measuring various bony structuremeasuring various bony structure of human of human body. Developed by body. Developed by Alphonse BertillionAlphonse Bertillion..

a. Portrait Parle a. Portrait Parle c. Tattooc. Tattoo

b. Anthropometry b. Anthropometry d. Photographyd. Photography

2. Is the distance of recognition in 2. Is the distance of recognition in broad daylightbroad daylight of a person who is of a person who is almost a strangeralmost a stranger..

a. 100 yardsa. 100 yards c. 16-17 yardsc. 16-17 yards

b. 25 yardsb. 25 yards d. 10-13 yardsd. 10-13 yards

100 yards = never seen even once, 16 – 17 100 yards = never seen even once, 16 – 17 yards = moonlight and 10 -13 yards = yards = moonlight and 10 -13 yards = starlight.starlight.

3. Is the basic principle involve in personal 3. Is the basic principle involve in personal Identification which states that the greater Identification which states that the greater the number of similarity or difference the the number of similarity or difference the greater the probability for the identity or non greater the probability for the identity or non identity to be conclusive.identity to be conclusive.

a. Law of individualitya. Law of individualityb. Law of multiplicity of evidenceb. Law of multiplicity of evidencec. Law of infallibilityc. Law of infallibilityd. Law of constancyd. Law of constancy

a, c, and d are principles of fingerprint a, c, and d are principles of fingerprint identification.identification.

4. Which of the following personal 4. Which of the following personal Identification is Identification is not easy to changenot easy to change??

a. Haira. Hair c. Speechc. Speech

b. Dressb. Dress d. personal pharapernaliad. personal pharapernalia

5. Considered to be one of 5. Considered to be one of the most infallible the most infallible means of Identification.means of Identification.

a. DNA fingerprintinga. DNA fingerprinting c. Dactyloscopyc. Dactyloscopy

b. Fingerprint Identificationb. Fingerprint Identification d. Photographyd. Photography

6. Identification of person can be done either 6. Identification of person can be done either by by Comparison or by____?Comparison or by____?

a. Exclusiona. Exclusion c. Examinationc. Examination

b. Experimentationb. Experimentation d. Inclusiond. Inclusion

7. A system of Identification best 7. A system of Identification best used in case of used in case of burned body.burned body.

a. Fingerprinta. Fingerprint c. Skeletal c. Skeletal IdentificationIdentification

b. Odontologyb. Odontology d. Photographyd. Photography 8. The first conviction in the 8. The first conviction in the Philippine Case Philippine Case

which gives recognition to the science of which gives recognition to the science of fingerprint?fingerprint?

a. People Vs. Medina c. People Vs. a. People Vs. Medina c. People Vs. Jennings Jennings

b. Miranda Vs. Arizonab. Miranda Vs. Arizona d. West Case d. West Case

People vs. Jennings (U.S. case) People vs. Jennings (U.S. case)

West case = defeats the Anthropometry System.West case = defeats the Anthropometry System.

9. Known as the 9. Known as the Father of Modern FingerprintFather of Modern Fingerprint, whose , whose system of classification was spread in almost all system of classification was spread in almost all English speaking countryEnglish speaking country..

a. Juan Vucitich c. Sir Edward Richard Henrya. Juan Vucitich c. Sir Edward Richard Henry

b. Francis Galtonb. Francis Galton d. William Herscheld. William Herschel

Juan Vucetich Juan Vucetich = his system of classification was = his system of classification was accepted by Spanish Speaking Countries.accepted by Spanish Speaking Countries.

Francis Galton Francis Galton = undertook the first definitive study and = undertook the first definitive study and classification of F.P., statistical study to prove classification of F.P., statistical study to prove uniqueness of F.P. and wrote the book “Finger uniqueness of F.P. and wrote the book “Finger Prints”.Prints”.

William Herschel William Herschel = first application of F.P. for = first application of F.P. for identification and developed Chiroscopy.identification and developed Chiroscopy.

10. Is the person who 10. Is the person who discover the two main discover the two main layer of the friction skin (Epidermis and layer of the friction skin (Epidermis and Dermis)Dermis) and to whom one of the thin layer of and to whom one of the thin layer of the friction skin was named.the friction skin was named.

a. Herman Welckera. Herman Welcker c. Marcelo Malpighec. Marcelo Malpighe

b. Nehemiah Grewb. Nehemiah Grew d. Dr. Henry Fauldsd. Dr. Henry Faulds

Herman Welcker = proved the principle of Herman Welcker = proved the principle of permanency by printing is palm twice with a permanency by printing is palm twice with a lapse of 41 years.lapse of 41 years.

Nehemiah Grew = the first to wrote a treaty on Nehemiah Grew = the first to wrote a treaty on the study of ridges and sweat poresthe study of ridges and sweat pores

Dr. Henry Faulds = a surgeon who gives value Dr. Henry Faulds = a surgeon who gives value to latent prints. to latent prints.

9. Anew 9. Anew Mexico GeologistMexico Geologist who adopted the first who adopted the first individual use of fingerprints in August 8, 1882, by individual use of fingerprints in August 8, 1882, by using his own thumb mark as a protection to using his own thumb mark as a protection to prevent tampering with the pay orderprevent tampering with the pay order he issued. he issued.a. Sgt John Kenneth Ferriera. Sgt John Kenneth Ferrierb. Capt James Parkeb. Capt James Parkec. Gilbert Thompsonc. Gilbert Thompsond. Dr. Henry P. De Forest d. Dr. Henry P. De Forest

Dr. Henry P. De Forest Dr. Henry P. De Forest =Utilized the first Municipal Civil =Utilized the first Municipal Civil use of fingerprint for Criminal Registration.use of fingerprint for Criminal Registration.

Capt. James L. Parke Capt. James L. Parke = Advocate the first state and = Advocate the first state and penal use of fingerprint adopted in SingSing prisonpenal use of fingerprint adopted in SingSing prison

Sgt. John Kenneth Ferrier Sgt. John Kenneth Ferrier = First fingerprint instructor = First fingerprint instructor at St. Louis Police Dept. Missouri. at St. Louis Police Dept. Missouri.

11. Is the person known for being the 11. Is the person known for being the U.S. public U.S. public enemy number oneenemy number one, who attempt to destroy his , who attempt to destroy his friction by applying a friction by applying a corrosive acidcorrosive acid..

a. Robert James Pitts a. Robert James Pitts c. Roscoe Pitts c. Roscoe Pitts b. John Dillenger b. John Dillenger d. John Augustus d. John Augustus

Robert James Pitts = used surgery to destroy his Robert James Pitts = used surgery to destroy his friction ridges. Known as the Man without friction ridges. Known as the Man without fingerprint. Also known by the name Roscoe fingerprint. Also known by the name Roscoe Pitts.Pitts.

12. Is the scientific 12. Is the scientific studystudy of the prints of the of the prints of the soles of the feetsoles of the feet??

a. Poroscopya. Poroscopy c. Podoscopyc. Podoscopy

b. Chiroscopyb. Chiroscopy d. Dactyloscopyd. Dactyloscopy Chiroscopy – ( Greek word “ Cheir” – a Chiroscopy – ( Greek word “ Cheir” – a

hand, “Skopien” –to examine) study of the hand, “Skopien” –to examine) study of the prints of the palms of the hand.prints of the palms of the hand.

Podoscopy – ( Greek word “Podo” – the Podoscopy – ( Greek word “Podo” – the foot, and Skopien – to the study of the foot, and Skopien – to the study of the footprints.footprints.

Poroscopy – (Greek word “poros” – a pare, Poroscopy – (Greek word “poros” – a pare, and “Skopien” – to examine) study of the and “Skopien” – to examine) study of the arrangement of the sweat pores.arrangement of the sweat pores.

13. Is the 13. Is the science of fingerprint identificationscience of fingerprint identification

a. dactyloscopya. dactyloscopy c. dactylomancyc. dactylomancy

b. dactylographyb. dactylography d. dactylo-analysisd. dactylo-analysis DactyloscopyDactyloscopy – (derived from the Latin – (derived from the Latin

words words DactylDactyl = finger and = finger and SkopienSkopien – to – to study or examine) is the practical study or examine) is the practical application of the science of fingerprints.application of the science of fingerprints.

DactylographyDactylography – is the scientific study of – is the scientific study of fingerprint as a means of identification.fingerprint as a means of identification.

DactylomancyDactylomancy – is the scientific study of – is the scientific study of fingerprint for purposes of personality fingerprint for purposes of personality interpretation.interpretation.

14. The 14. The word fingerword finger was derived from what was derived from what Latin wordLatin word??

a. dermis a. dermis c. digitusc. digitus

b. dactylb. dactyl d. skopiend. skopien

PolydactylPolydactyl = born with more than the regular = born with more than the regular number of fingers.number of fingers.

MacrodactylMacrodactyl = enlarged finger. = enlarged finger.

MicrodactylMicrodactyl = reduced/small finger. = reduced/small finger.

EctodactylEctodactyl = missing finger at birth. = missing finger at birth.

SyndactylSyndactyl = side fussion of the finger. = side fussion of the finger.

15. The principle in fingerprint study that states 15. The principle in fingerprint study that states that that fingerprint cannot be forgedfingerprint cannot be forged. Fingerprint . Fingerprint is a is a reliable and a positivereliable and a positive means of means of identification.identification.a. principle of infallibilitya. principle of infallibilityb. principle of permanencyb. principle of permanencyc. principle of individuality c. principle of individuality

16. What is the main 16. What is the main layer of the epidermislayer of the epidermis, , which which covers the surfacecovers the surface on which ridges are on which ridges are visible?visible?a. dermisa. dermis c. stratum corneoumc. stratum corneoumb. stratum mucusomb. stratum mucusom d. sanguinal stratumd. sanguinal stratum

Epidermis =outer layerEpidermis =outer layer

Dermis =inner layerDermis =inner layer

Epidermis is divided intoEpidermis is divided into: stratum corneum : stratum corneum and stratum mucosumand stratum mucosum

Dogmatic Principles of F.P. IdentificationDogmatic Principles of F.P. Identification

1. Individuality = based on Statistical probability 1. Individuality = based on Statistical probability that no two persons have the same fingerprint. that no two persons have the same fingerprint. (1:64,000,000,000 – Francis Galton).(1:64,000,000,000 – Francis Galton).

2. Infallability = reliable, positive, not easy to be 2. Infallability = reliable, positive, not easy to be forged.forged.

3. Permanency/Constancy = F.P. is 3. Permanency/Constancy = F.P. is unchangeable. (Herman Welcker)unchangeable. (Herman Welcker)

17. Friction skin may be damage permanently 17. Friction skin may be damage permanently when which of its layer was damage?when which of its layer was damage?

a. dermisa. dermis c. dermal papillaec. dermal papillae

b. epidermisb. epidermis d. generating layerd. generating layer

18. How deep is the cut in order to produced 18. How deep is the cut in order to produced permanent scar?permanent scar?

a. more than 1 cma. more than 1 cm c. 1 mc. 1 m

b. more than 1mmb. more than 1mm d. 1dm d. 1dm

19. Is that appears as 19. Is that appears as tiny black linetiny black line with white with white dots (called pores) in an inked finger dots (called pores) in an inked finger impression?impression?

a. sweat poresa. sweat pores c. furrowsc. furrows

b. ridgesb. ridges d. sweat ductd. sweat duct

20. What are the 20. What are the depressed portionsdepressed portions or or canal canal structurestructure of the friction skin (found between of the friction skin (found between ridges).ridges).

a. poresa. pores c. indentionsc. indentions

b. furrowsb. furrows d. ductd. duct

Component parts of Friction skin Component parts of Friction skin

1. Ridge Surface1. Ridge Surface

a. Ridges = elevated portion/hill like/black-a. Ridges = elevated portion/hill like/black-lines.lines.

b. Furrows = depressed portion/canal-like/ b. Furrows = depressed portion/canal-like/ white space.white space.

2. Sweat Pores2. Sweat Pores= tiny/small openings/ tiny = tiny/small openings/ tiny white dots.white dots.

3. Sweat Duct 3. Sweat Duct = passage way of sweat.= passage way of sweat.

4. Sweat Glands4. Sweat Glands= the producer of sweat.= the producer of sweat.

21. 21. How manyHow many standard fingerprint patterns are standard fingerprint patterns are there? there? (types)(types)

a. threea. three c. eight c. eight

b. twob. two d. nine d. nine

22. What pattern type has the ridges that enter 22. What pattern type has the ridges that enter on one side of the pattern and flow to the on one side of the pattern and flow to the other side other side with a rise in the centerwith a rise in the center??

a. loopa. loop c. tented archc. tented arch

b. plain archb. plain arch d. exceptional archd. exceptional arch

Groups = three (3) Loop, Arch and WhorlGroups = three (3) Loop, Arch and Whorl

Types under the Galton/Henry System =nine (9)Types under the Galton/Henry System =nine (9)

Types at present = eight (8)Types at present = eight (8)

Arch (5%)Arch (5%) = Two types (2): plain (A) and tented = Two types (2): plain (A) and tented arch (T) arch (T) --- (a) uptrust, (b) angle, and (c) --- (a) uptrust, (b) angle, and (c) Incomplete loop type.Incomplete loop type.

= no ridge count.= no ridge count.

LoopLoop (60%)= (60%)= Two types :radial and ulnar loop.Two types :radial and ulnar loop.

= core, dellta, a sufficient recurve, at least 1 = core, dellta, a sufficient recurve, at least 1 ridge count.ridge count.

WhorlWhorl (35%)= (35%)= Four types (4) plain whorl (W), Four types (4) plain whorl (W), central pocket loop whorl (C), double loop central pocket loop whorl (C), double loop whorl (D) and accidental whorl (X).whorl (D) and accidental whorl (X).

= two or more deltas and at least one = two or more deltas and at least one circuiting ridge.circuiting ridge.

23. What type of a pattern possesses an 23. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an uptrust, or two of the three basic angle, an uptrust, or two of the three basic characteristics of the loopcharacteristics of the loop??

a. Plain archa. Plain arch c. central pocket loopc. central pocket loop

b. tented archb. tented arch d. accidental whorl 54. In d. accidental whorl 54. In order for a pattern to be considered as order for a pattern to be considered as looploop it should have _______it should have _______ridge count.ridge count.

a. 1a. 1 b. at least 1 b. at least 1 c. 2c. 2 d. 3 d. 3

24. What type of a pattern has 24. What type of a pattern has two deltastwo deltas in in which at least one ridges makes a turn which at least one ridges makes a turn through through one complete circuitone complete circuit??

a. arch b. accidental whorl c. loop d. whorla. arch b. accidental whorl c. loop d. whorl

25. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping 25. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or slanting ridges flows or slanting ridges flows towards the little fingertowards the little finger??

a. loop a. loop b. radial loop b. radial loop

c. ulnar loop c. ulnar loop d. tented archd. tented arch

Radial loop (radius bone) = towards the thumb.Radial loop (radius bone) = towards the thumb.

Ulnar loop (ulna bone) = towards the little finger.Ulnar loop (ulna bone) = towards the little finger.

26. The diagonal 26. The diagonal sign /sign / means ________. means ________.

a. right hand ulnar a. right hand ulnar c. left hand radialc. left hand radial

b. left hand ulnar b. left hand ulnar d. noned. none

27. What type of a pattern consisting of two ore more 27. What type of a pattern consisting of two ore more deltas, one or more ridge forming a complete deltas, one or more ridge forming a complete circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to right delta it left delta to right delta it touches or cross the touches or cross the circuiting ridge/scircuiting ridge/s considered as the considered as the most common most common type of whorltype of whorl..

a. plain whorl a. plain whorl c. central pocket loop whorlc. central pocket loop whorlb. double loop whorlb. double loop whorl d. accidental whorld. accidental whorlPlain Whorl Plain Whorl = lines from left to right delta cross/touch = lines from left to right delta cross/touch

at least one circuiting ridge.at least one circuiting ridge.Central pocket loop whorl Central pocket loop whorl = lines from left to right = lines from left to right

delta does not cross/touch at least one circuiting delta does not cross/touch at least one circuiting ridge.ridge.

Double loop whorl Double loop whorl = two separate loop/shoulders.= two separate loop/shoulders.Accidental whorl Accidental whorl = combination of two patterns, = combination of two patterns,

except with plain arch.except with plain arch.

28. In an 28. In an accidental whorlaccidental whorl type of pattern, what type of pattern, what pattern is pattern is not includednot included in the combination? in the combination?

a. ulnar loop a. ulnar loop b. plain whorl b. plain whorl c. tented arch c. tented arch d. plain archd. plain arch

29. The 29. The core and deltacore and delta are also termed as are also termed as _____?_____?

a. inner terminusa. inner terminus c. outer terminusc. outer terminus

b. focal pointb. focal point d. pattern aread. pattern area

Core – inner terminusCore – inner terminus

Delta – outer terminusDelta – outer terminus

30. Is 30. Is a pointa point along a ridge formation, which is along a ridge formation, which is found found in front or near the centerin front or near the center of the of the diverging diverging typelinestypelines..

a. corea. core c. island ridgec. island ridgeb. delta b. delta d. convergence d. convergence

31. What is the rule where there are 31. What is the rule where there are two or two or more possible bifurcation deltasmore possible bifurcation deltas which which conform to the definition of deltaconform to the definition of delta??

a. the one nearest the core should be chosena. the one nearest the core should be chosenb. the one away from the core should be countedb. the one away from the core should be countedc. the one which does not open towards the core is c. the one which does not open towards the core is

countedcountedd. the one towards the core should be countedd. the one towards the core should be counted

32. When a 32. When a ridge bifurcatesridge bifurcates, sending , sending two two ridges acrossridges across the imaginary line, how is it the imaginary line, how is it counted?counted?

a. onea. one b. two b. two c. threec. three d. Sixd. Six

33. What is that 33. What is that spreading of two ridgesspreading of two ridges that that previously running side by side?previously running side by side?

a. bifurcationa. bifurcation c. convergencec. convergence

b. divergenceb. divergence d. enclosure d. enclosure

34. What kind of a ridge resembles 34. What kind of a ridge resembles a dot, a dot, fragment or a period?fragment or a period?

a. lake a. lake c. ending ridge c. ending ridge

b. island ridgeb. island ridge d. incipient ridged. incipient ridge

35. What ridge 35. What ridge divides itself into or more divides itself into or more branchesbranches that that meets to form the original meets to form the original figurefigure??

a. bifurcationa. bifurcation c. island ridge c. island ridge b. lake ridgeb. lake ridge d. convergenced. convergence

36. What type of a ridge is that which 36. What type of a ridge is that which curves curves backback to the direction from which it started. to the direction from which it started.

a. diverging ridge a. diverging ridge c. recurving ridgec. recurving ridgeb. converging ridge b. converging ridge d. bifurcationd. bifurcation

37. Is 37. Is a pointa point along the recurving ridgealong the recurving ridge in which in which the ridge curves inward.the ridge curves inward.

a. sufficient recurvea. sufficient recurve c. appendagec. appendageb. obstruction ridgeb. obstruction ridge d. shoulder of loop d. shoulder of loop

38. Is a 38. Is a short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving ridgeridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the inner delta to the center of the pattern. This is the inner delta to the center of the pattern. This is also found in the second type of central pocket also found in the second type of central pocket loop.loop.a. bar a. bar c. uptrust c. uptrust b. appendage b. appendage d. obstruction d. obstruction

AppendageAppendage – is a short ridge found at the top or – is a short ridge found at the top or summit of a recurve.summit of a recurve.

Rod or Bar Rod or Bar – is a short of long ridge found inside – is a short of long ridge found inside the recurve and directed towards the core or the recurve and directed towards the core or parallel to the recurve.parallel to the recurve.

UptrustUptrust = a horizontal ridge that makes a sufficient = a horizontal ridge that makes a sufficient rise at the center.rise at the center.

39. Is the type of pattern in which the course is 39. Is the type of pattern in which the course is traced the line flow traced the line flow below the right deltabelow the right delta and and there are there are three intervening ridgethree intervening ridge..

a. meeting whorl a. meeting whorl c. outer whorlc. outer whorl b. inner whorl d. central pocket loop whorlb. inner whorl d. central pocket loop whorl

Meeting whorl Meeting whorl = there are two or less = there are two or less intervening ridge/s.intervening ridge/s.

Inner whorl Inner whorl = with three (3) intervening ridge = with three (3) intervening ridge and the tracing flows above/inside the right and the tracing flows above/inside the right delta.delta.

40. A ridge that is 40. A ridge that is so thin or fineso thin or fine compare to compare to other regular ridge which is other regular ridge which is not included as a not included as a ridge countridge count even if it has been cross by the even if it has been cross by the imaginary line.imaginary line.

a. ending ridge a. ending ridge c. incipient ridgec. incipient ridge

b. intervening ridge b. intervening ridge d. enclosured. enclosure

41. What is that ridge that 41. What is that ridge that divides into two divides into two ridgesridges and which resembles a and which resembles a fork structurefork structure

a. divergence a. divergence c. convergencec. convergence

b. bifurcation b. bifurcation d. enclosure d. enclosure

42. 42. Ridge formsRidge forms in the person’s fingers and feet in the person’s fingers and feet during its infants stageduring its infants stage which usually starts: which usually starts:

a. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus lifea. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life

b. 4th to 5th months of the fetus lifeb. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life

c. 5th to 6th months of the fetus lifec. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life

d. 5th to 6th months before birthd. 5th to 6th months before birth

33rdrd to 4 to 4 thth months of the fetus life or 5 months of the fetus life or 5 thth to 6ht months to 6ht months before birth.before birth.

Epidermis = temporary destructionEpidermis = temporary destruction

Dermis = permanent destructionDermis = permanent destruction

cut of more than 1mm = permanent scar.cut of more than 1mm = permanent scar.

43. Is the process of 43. Is the process of counting the ridgescounting the ridges which which intervene intervene between the delta and corebetween the delta and core of a of a loop?loop?

a. ridge tracinga. ridge tracing c. ridge countingc. ridge counting

b. ridge trackingb. ridge tracking d. ridge summingd. ridge summing

Ridge tracing = Ridge tracing = between tracing ridge and right between tracing ridge and right delta.delta.

Intervening ridge = Intervening ridge = ridges between tracing ridge ridges between tracing ridge and right delta.and right delta.

Ridge count Ridge count = ridges between delta and core.= ridges between delta and core.

44. What fingers are 44. What fingers are rolled towards the bodyrolled towards the body in in taking a rolled impression?taking a rolled impression?

a. both little fingera. both little finger c. both thumb fingerc. both thumb finger

b. all finger except thumb d. both index finger b. all finger except thumb d. both index finger

45. Is an instrument 45. Is an instrument used for the spreading of used for the spreading of the fingerprint inkthe fingerprint ink to the slab? to the slab?

a. Fingerprint brush c. Fingerprint lifting tapesa. Fingerprint brush c. Fingerprint lifting tapes

b. Fingerprint roller d. fingerprint cardb. Fingerprint roller d. fingerprint card

Fingerprint card =where F.P. is recorded Fingerprint card =where F.P. is recorded (8”X8”)(8”X8”)

Ink slab = metal/glass plate where ink is Ink slab = metal/glass plate where ink is spread.spread.

46. Is the process of 46. Is the process of placing the letter symbolsplacing the letter symbols under each pattern as the results of the under each pattern as the results of the interpretation of all ten fingers.interpretation of all ten fingers.

a. classification formula a. classification formula b. reference classification (additional b. reference classification (additional

classification formula)classification formula)c. blocking outc. blocking outd.d. fingerprint identification fingerprint identification

47. Is the symbol used to represent a 47. Is the symbol used to represent a plain plain arch.arch.

a. T b. A a. T b. A c. P c. P d. W d. W

48. Is the division in the classification formula which is 48. Is the division in the classification formula which is always represented by numericalalways represented by numerical value depending value depending upon a upon a whorl patternwhorl pattern appearing in each finger. appearing in each finger.

a. primary b. key c. final d. Majora. primary b. key c. final d. Major

Primary div. = derived from the sum of the numerator Primary div. = derived from the sum of the numerator and denominator plus the pre-established fraction and denominator plus the pre-established fraction of 1/1. of 1/1.

49. In assigning a number value to whorl pattern, what 49. In assigning a number value to whorl pattern, what finger should be given a value of 4 when a whorl finger should be given a value of 4 when a whorl pattern appears therein:pattern appears therein:

a. left little finger and right thumb a. left little finger and right thumb b. right thumb and left little fingerb. right thumb and left little fingerc. right little finger and left thumbc. right little finger and left thumbd. left thumb and rightd. left thumb and right

Plain Whorl Central Pocket loop whorl

Radial loop Double loop whorl

Plain whorl

Double loop whorl

Ulnar loop Radial loop Plain Arch Tented Arch

P = N (e)/ D (o)P = 1/1 + the sum of N/D = 29/21 2 4 6 8 10 (fingers)

16 8 4 0 0 16 0 4 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 (fingers)

50. What patterns are included in the 50. What patterns are included in the secondary divisionsecondary division in deriving the in deriving the small small letterletter category. category.

a. ulnar loop, plain arch and tented arch a. ulnar loop, plain arch and tented arch b. radial loop, ulnar and archb. radial loop, ulnar and archc. radial, plain arch and tented arch c. radial, plain arch and tented arch d. radial, ulnar, plain archd. radial, ulnar, plain arch

Secondary div. = combination of Capital Secondary div. = combination of Capital Letters (index fingers) and small letters Letters (index fingers) and small letters (from T, M, R, and L fingers = r,a,t).(from T, M, R, and L fingers = r,a,t).

51. What is the interpretation for a ridge count 51. What is the interpretation for a ridge count on the on the left index that reaches 8left index that reaches 8..

a. exceptionala. exceptional c. radial loopc. radial loop

b. inner loopb. inner loop d. outer loopd. outer loop

Sub-secondary = derived by ridge counting loop Sub-secondary = derived by ridge counting loop and ridge tracing whorl appearing in the and ridge tracing whorl appearing in the Index, Middle and Ring fingers.Index, Middle and Ring fingers.

Loops = Inner (I) or Outer (0) Loops = Inner (I) or Outer (0)

Index (9), Middle (10), and Ring (13) Index (9), Middle (10), and Ring (13)

Whorls = Meeting (M), Inner (I), and Outer (O)Whorls = Meeting (M), Inner (I), and Outer (O)

Arches = Dash (-)Arches = Dash (-)

52. In interpreting a loop pattern, what is the 52. In interpreting a loop pattern, what is the numerical value of numerical value of S in the left handS in the left hand??

a. 1 to 11a. 1 to 11 c. 1 to 17c. 1 to 17

b. 18 to 22b. 18 to 22 d. 12 to 16d. 12 to 16

53. In a loop pattern, when the number of the 53. In a loop pattern, when the number of the ridges on the ridges on the left thumb is 17 or moreleft thumb is 17 or more, it , it constitutes as:constitutes as:

a. exceptionala. exceptional c. isolationc. isolation

b. alterationb. alteration d. Conditionald. Conditional

Major Div. = derived from both thumb fingers.Major Div. = derived from both thumb fingers.

Loops = R. C. = S, M, LLoops = R. C. = S, M, L

Whorls = R.T. = M,O,IWhorls = R.T. = M,O,I Arches = Dash Arches = Dash (-)(-)

54. In ridge counting a 54. In ridge counting a plain whorl or central plain whorl or central pocket loop whorlpocket loop whorl in the little finger it is in the little finger it is derived by:derived by:

a. getting the ridge count of the top loop a. getting the ridge count of the top loop (double (double loop whorl) loop whorl)

b. treating it as ulnar loopb. treating it as ulnar loop

c. getting the least ridge count c. getting the least ridge count (accidental whorl) (accidental whorl)

d. getting the delta opposite each handd. getting the delta opposite each hand

55. What division in the classification formula is 55. What division in the classification formula is derived from both little fingerderived from both little finger and is place at and is place at the the extreme right of the classificationextreme right of the classification formula.formula.

a. key b. final c. major d. secondarya. key b. final c. major d. secondary

56. The key division is the division in the 56. The key division is the division in the classification which is located at the extreme left classification which is located at the extreme left of the classification formula and it is taken by of the classification formula and it is taken by getting the ridge count of _______?getting the ridge count of _______?a. loop pattern a. loop pattern c. first loopc. first loopb. first radial loop b. first radial loop d. first whorld. first whorl

Key div = derived from the ridge count of the First Key div = derived from the ridge count of the First Loop, EXCEPT the little finger.Loop, EXCEPT the little finger.= If there were no loops, get the ridge count of = If there were no loops, get the ridge count of the First Whorl. the First Whorl. = Only numerator.= Only numerator.

57. In case of a missing digits or an amputated 57. In case of a missing digits or an amputated finger, what will be the classification of said finger, what will be the classification of said missing finger?missing finger?

a. The same as the corresponding digit of the a. The same as the corresponding digit of the other handother hand

b. Plain whorl with meeting tracing b. Plain whorl with meeting tracing c. Mutilated finger c. Mutilated finger d. Noned. NoneOne finger is missing/amputated = interpreted One finger is missing/amputated = interpreted

as the same as the corresponding digit of as the same as the corresponding digit of the other hand.the other hand.

Both are amputated or missing = plain whorl Both are amputated or missing = plain whorl with meeting tracing.with meeting tracing.

If all fingers are missing/amputated the formula:If all fingers are missing/amputated the formula:FPC = FPC = M 32 W MMMM 32 W MMM

M 32 W MMMM 32 W MMM

58. Prints found at the scene of the crime.58. Prints found at the scene of the crime.a. suspected printsa. suspected printsb. molded prints b. molded prints c. latent prints c. latent prints d. prints made by contamination with colored d. prints made by contamination with colored

substance.substance.59. Prints which were left in the place accidentally or 59. Prints which were left in the place accidentally or

unconsciously?unconsciously?a. chance printsa. chance prints c. fragmentary printsc. fragmentary printsb. smudge printsb. smudge prints d. latent printsd. latent prints

Latent printsLatent prints1. visible (molded prints or made by contamination 1. visible (molded prints or made by contamination with colored substance)with colored substance)2. Invisible = made from sweat.2. Invisible = made from sweat.

60. What method of developing latent prints in paper 60. What method of developing latent prints in paper is best to be used being easy to apply and less is best to be used being easy to apply and less destructive to the paper.destructive to the paper.

a. iodine fuminga. iodine fuming c. ninhydrin methodc. ninhydrin method

b. silver nitrate methodb. silver nitrate method d. dusting method d. dusting method

Dusting = traditional/simplest method of developing Dusting = traditional/simplest method of developing prints in the crime scene.prints in the crime scene.

58. What kind of a filter should a photographer use to 58. What kind of a filter should a photographer use to improve the contrast of a latent fingerprint improve the contrast of a latent fingerprint impression dusted with black powder on a green impression dusted with black powder on a green background?background?

a. yellow filtera. yellow filter c. red filterc. red filter

b. green filterb. green filter d. blue filterd. blue filter

61. The identification of two impression can be 61. The identification of two impression can be established primarily through:established primarily through:

a. formation of different types of patterna. formation of different types of pattern

b. formation of the two terminusb. formation of the two terminus

c. unexplained similarity of ridgesc. unexplained similarity of ridges

d. similarity of ridge characteristics in their relative d. similarity of ridge characteristics in their relative positionspositions

(a and b are used for classification)(a and b are used for classification)

62. Is a card used in recording and preserving 62. Is a card used in recording and preserving developed latent print?developed latent print?

a. Fingerprint lifting tapesa. Fingerprint lifting tapes

b. Evidence Identification tags b. Evidence Identification tags

c. Fingerprint transfer card c. Fingerprint transfer card

d. Post-mortem fingerprint equipmentd. Post-mortem fingerprint equipment

63. In case of split thumb, which should be 63. In case of split thumb, which should be classified?classified?a. get the smaller onea. get the smaller oneB. get the outer oneB. get the outer oneC. get the bigger oneC. get the bigger oneD. get the inner oneD. get the inner one

64. In case of wounded finger, how should 64. In case of wounded finger, how should fingerprint be taken?fingerprint be taken?

a. Just take the subject fingerprint.a. Just take the subject fingerprint.

b. don’t print said finger and left the rolled b. don’t print said finger and left the rolled impression box empty.impression box empty.

c. don’t print the finger and write in the box c. don’t print the finger and write in the box woundedwounded

65. What modern method of developing print is 65. What modern method of developing print is best use when all conventional methods best use when all conventional methods becomes ineffective?becomes ineffective?

a. iodine fuminga. iodine fuming c. ninhydrin methodc. ninhydrin method

b. laser methodb. laser method d. dusting method d. dusting method

66. Prints made by blood, dust or dirt or other 66. Prints made by blood, dust or dirt or other coloring substances:coloring substances:

a. visible printsa. visible prints c. invisible printsc. invisible prints

b. chance printsb. chance prints d. fragmentary printsd. fragmentary prints

67. In filing classified fingerprint card what 67. In filing classified fingerprint card what should be the first attempt to be made:should be the first attempt to be made:

a. primary numeratora. primary numerator

b. secondary numerator b. secondary numerator

c. primary denominatorc. primary denominator

d. secondary denominatord. secondary denominator

68. What division of the classification formula is 68. What division of the classification formula is left blank if all fingers are amputated.left blank if all fingers are amputated.

a. Mayor and keya. Mayor and key c. key and finalc. key and final

b. Key and primaryb. Key and primary d. final and majord. final and major

69. Is the term applied to cases of missing or 69. Is the term applied to cases of missing or cut finger?cut finger?

a. Mutilated fingera. Mutilated finger c. Amputated fingerc. Amputated finger

b. Fragmentary fingerb. Fragmentary finger d. Deformitiesd. Deformities

70. What will be the primary Division if all 70. What will be the primary Division if all fingers are missing or cut.fingers are missing or cut.

a. 1/1a. 1/1 c. 31/31c. 31/31

b. 32/32b. 32/32 d. 16/16d. 16/16

Forensic BallisticsForensic Ballistics

= it is the science of = it is the science of firearms identification by firearms identification by means of an ammunition means of an ammunition fired from themfired from them

1. The word forensic means _______?1. The word forensic means _______?

a. Forum a. Forum

b. public discussionb. public discussion

c. market place c. market place

d. In connection with administration of justiced. In connection with administration of justice

The word forensic was derived from the Latin The word forensic was derived from the Latin word “forum” meaning a “market place”, a word “forum” meaning a “market place”, a place where people gathered for public place where people gathered for public discussion.discussion.

2. The person accredited as successful 2. The person accredited as successful inventor of gun powder.inventor of gun powder.

a. Horace smitha. Horace smith

b. Alexander John Forsythb. Alexander John Forsyth

c. Berthhold Schwartz c. Berthhold Schwartz

d. Col Calvin H. Goddardd. Col Calvin H. Goddard

Calvin H. Goddard = father of modern Calvin H. Goddard = father of modern ballistics.ballistics.

Horace Smith= founder of Smith and Wesson Horace Smith= founder of Smith and Wesson company.company.

3. It is the science of mobility of the projectile.3. It is the science of mobility of the projectile.

a. forensic ballisticsa. forensic ballistics c. applied physicsc. applied physics

b. ballisticsb. ballistics d. applied scienced. applied science

4. Is that branch of ballistics which treats of the 4. Is that branch of ballistics which treats of the motion of the projectile while it is in its flight? motion of the projectile while it is in its flight?

a. Interior a. Interior b. terminal c. exterior d. forensic b. terminal c. exterior d. forensic

Interior = before leaving the gun muzzle.Interior = before leaving the gun muzzle.

Exterior = upon leaving the gun muzzle.Exterior = upon leaving the gun muzzle.

Terminal = upon reaching/hitting the target.Terminal = upon reaching/hitting the target.

5. Is a Greek word from which the word 5. Is a Greek word from which the word “ballistics” was derived which means “to “ballistics” was derived which means “to throw”throw”

a. Ballisticsa. Ballistics c. Ballein or balloc. Ballein or ballo

b. Catapultb. Catapult d. Ballistad. Ballista

BallistaBallista = is a gigantic catapult (Roman war = is a gigantic catapult (Roman war machine) designed to throw stone to the machine) designed to throw stone to the enemy.enemy.

6. It refers to the motion of the projectile once it 6. It refers to the motion of the projectile once it enters a rifled barrel of a gun.enters a rifled barrel of a gun.

a. Directa. Direct c. Transnationalc. Transnational

b. Rotatoryb. Rotatory d. Twistd. Twist

Direct = forward movement.Direct = forward movement.

Rotatory = twist of the bullet either to the R or L.Rotatory = twist of the bullet either to the R or L.

Translational = change in the motion of the Translational = change in the motion of the bullet.bullet.

7. What initiates the combustion of the 7. What initiates the combustion of the gunpowder in a shell.gunpowder in a shell.

a. hammer a. hammer c. trigger c. trigger

b. primer b. primer d. flash holed. flash hole

Trigger = release the hammer.Trigger = release the hammer.

Hammer = push the firing pin.Hammer = push the firing pin.

Firing pin = hits the primer.Firing pin = hits the primer.

Primer = imparts ignition to the gun powderPrimer = imparts ignition to the gun powder

Flash hole = where the primer imparts ignition Flash hole = where the primer imparts ignition to the gun powder.to the gun powder.

8. Is the rearward reaction of the firearm in 8. Is the rearward reaction of the firearm in relation to the forward movement of the relation to the forward movement of the bullet upon firing?bullet upon firing?

a. percussion actiona. percussion action c. back firec. back fire

b. recoilb. recoil d. ricochetd. ricochet

Percussion action = is the ignition of the Percussion action = is the ignition of the priming mixture.priming mixture.

Jump = upward reaction of the gun.Jump = upward reaction of the gun.

9. Is the stillness or the steadiness of the bullet 9. Is the stillness or the steadiness of the bullet in flight? (Straight travel in flight)in flight? (Straight travel in flight)

a. key hole shot a. key hole shot c. yawc. yaw

b. ricochet b. ricochet d. gyroscopic actiond. gyroscopic action

Recochet =bouncing of bullet as a result of not Recochet =bouncing of bullet as a result of not penetrating or hitting a hard object.penetrating or hitting a hard object.

Yaw = unstable rotation motion of bullet. Yaw = unstable rotation motion of bullet.

Key hole shot = thumbling of bullet in flight Key hole shot = thumbling of bullet in flight hitting the target sideways.hitting the target sideways.

10. The actual pattern or curve path of the 10. The actual pattern or curve path of the bullet in flight.bullet in flight.

a. curve a. curve c. gyroscopic actionc. gyroscopic action

b. trajectoryb. trajectory d. drop of bulletd. drop of bullet

11. Is the rate of speed of the bullet per unit of 11. Is the rate of speed of the bullet per unit of time, expressed in ft/sec?time, expressed in ft/sec?

a. muzzle velocitya. muzzle velocity c. muzzle blast c. muzzle blast

b. velocity b. velocity d. Trajectoryd. Trajectory

Muzzle blast = noise or sound generated at the Muzzle blast = noise or sound generated at the muzzle point.muzzle point.

Muzzle velocity = the speed at which the bullet Muzzle velocity = the speed at which the bullet leaves the muzzle.leaves the muzzle.

12. It is the distance at which the gunner has the 12. It is the distance at which the gunner has the control of shot. Where the bullet travel straight.control of shot. Where the bullet travel straight.

a. Maximum range c. Maximum effective rangea. Maximum range c. Maximum effective range

b. Accurate rangeb. Accurate range d. Effective range d. Effective range

Range = imaginary straight distance between Range = imaginary straight distance between muzzle and the target.muzzle and the target.

Effective range = distance where bullet is lethal.Effective range = distance where bullet is lethal.

Maximum effective range = farther distance where Maximum effective range = farther distance where bullet is still lethal.bullet is still lethal.

Maximum range= farthest possible distance of Maximum range= farthest possible distance of travel.travel.

13. Is the size of the bullet grouping on the target?13. Is the size of the bullet grouping on the target?

a. Terminal penetrationa. Terminal penetration c. Terminal accuracyc. Terminal accuracy

b. Terminal trajectoryb. Terminal trajectory d. Muzzle velocityd. Muzzle velocity

14. What type of a firearm propels a projectile 14. What type of a firearm propels a projectile with more than one inch diameter?with more than one inch diameter?

a. small arms a. small arms c. artillery c. artillery

b. machine gun b. machine gun d. Cannond. Cannon

Artillery =Artillery =more than one inchmore than one inch

Small Arms Small Arms = less than one inch= less than one inch

Machine gun = Machine gun = automtic/continuous firingautomtic/continuous firing

Shoulder arm = Shoulder arm = carry/fired with the aid of carry/fired with the aid of the shoulder.the shoulder.

Hand gun = Hand gun = can be fired in one hand.can be fired in one hand.

15. A type of a firearm in which the mechanism 15. A type of a firearm in which the mechanism is so arranged that makes it is so arranged that makes it capable of capable of continuous firingcontinuous firing in a single press of a in a single press of a trigger and while the trigger is press.trigger and while the trigger is press.

a. machine guna. machine gun c. sub-machine gun (SMG)c. sub-machine gun (SMG)

b. grease gunb. grease gun d. shoulder armd. shoulder arm

SMG and grease gun are the same.SMG and grease gun are the same.

16. What type of a firearm is designed to propel 16. What type of a firearm is designed to propel a projectile a projectile by means of compressed air or by means of compressed air or strong string?strong string?

a. air rifle a. air rifle c. Springfield armory c. Springfield armory

b. carbine b. carbine d. musket d. musket

17. A type of a firearm which propels a number 17. A type of a firearm which propels a number of lead pellets in one charge to a smooth of lead pellets in one charge to a smooth bore barrel.bore barrel.a. rifle a. rifle c. machine gun c. machine gun b. shotgun b. shotgun d. Musketd. Musket

Smooth bore Smooth bore = without rifling= without riflinga. musket =muzzle loading/ancient weapona. musket =muzzle loading/ancient weaponb. shotgun = breech loading/a number of b. shotgun = breech loading/a number of lead pellets.lead pellets.

Rifled bore Rifled bore = with rifling= with rifling

a. riflea. rifle

b. carbine = short barrel rifle (less than 22”)b. carbine = short barrel rifle (less than 22”)

18. What type of a firearm is commonly used by 18. What type of a firearm is commonly used by cavalry. (riding a horse)cavalry. (riding a horse)a. carbine a. carbine c. pistol c. pistol b. revolver b. revolver d. rifle d. rifle

Revolver = ideal for horse riding. Revolver = ideal for horse riding.

19. What type of a 19. What type of a hand firearm has a rotating hand firearm has a rotating cylindecylinder that serves as the magazine and r that serves as the magazine and which successively places cartridge into which successively places cartridge into position for firing.position for firing.

a. pistol a. pistol c. rifle c. rifle

b. revolver b. revolver d. Carbine d. Carbine

20. A type of a firearm in which 20. A type of a firearm in which pressure upon pressure upon the trigger will both cock and release the the trigger will both cock and release the hammer.hammer.

a. single action a. single action c. single shotc. single shot

b. double actionb. double action d. repeating arms d. repeating arms

Single action =requires manual cocking.Single action =requires manual cocking.

21. What type of a firearm contains rifling (land 21. What type of a firearm contains rifling (land and grooves) only a few inch from the and grooves) only a few inch from the muzzle point?muzzle point?

a. cylinder typea. cylinder type c. rifled bore c. rifled bore

b. chokeb. choke d. Paradoxd. Paradox

22. What type of a firearm is fed by chamber?22. What type of a firearm is fed by chamber?

a. single shot F/A a. single shot F/A c. bolt actionc. bolt action

b. slid action b. slid action d. repeating armsd. repeating arms

Cylinder type Cylinder type = equal diameter= equal diameter

Choke type Choke type = reducing diameter= reducing diameter

ParadoxParadox = with rifling a few inch from the = with rifling a few inch from the muzzle point.muzzle point.

23. Generally applied to all home made gun, 23. Generally applied to all home made gun, just as the one used by juvenile delinquent just as the one used by juvenile delinquent in United States.in United States.a. zip gun a. zip gun c. freakish gun c. freakish gun b. grease gun b. grease gun d. paltikd. paltik

24. A copper jacketed type of a bullet is usually 24. A copper jacketed type of a bullet is usually fired from a:fired from a:

a. rifle a. rifle b. pistol b. pistol c. revolver d. pistol and revolverc. revolver d. pistol and revolver

Freakish gun Freakish gun = a tool in which F/A mechanism = a tool in which F/A mechanism is attached.is attached.

Paltik Paltik = the counter part of zip gun in the Phils.= the counter part of zip gun in the Phils.

25. Known as the smallest pistol in the world.25. Known as the smallest pistol in the world.

a. Colibre a. Colibre c. senorita c. senorita

b. cal 22 b. cal 22 d. Kolibred. Kolibre

26. Is that part of a firearm which houses all 26. Is that part of a firearm which houses all the other parts.the other parts.

a. housinga. housing c. framec. frame

b. casingb. casing d. chamberd. chamber

27. The mechanism of a firearm which withdraws 27. The mechanism of a firearm which withdraws the empty shells from the chamber?the empty shells from the chamber?

a. Ejectora. Ejector c. Extractorc. Extractor

b. Firing pinb. Firing pin d. Extractor pind. Extractor pin Extractor = causes the empty shell to be Extractor = causes the empty shell to be

withdrawn/pull out from the chamber.withdrawn/pull out from the chamber.

Ejector = causes the empty shell to be thrown out of Ejector = causes the empty shell to be thrown out of the firearm.the firearm.

28. In case that cartridge case are found at the 28. In case that cartridge case are found at the scene of firing it only means that_____firearm scene of firing it only means that_____firearm was used.was used.a. single shot a. single shot c. bold action c. bold action

b. automatic b. automatic d. double actiond. double action29. What is that condition in firing at which the 29. What is that condition in firing at which the

cartridge took several seconds before it cartridge took several seconds before it discharged upon firing? (delayed in the discharged upon firing? (delayed in the discharged of the cartridge).discharged of the cartridge).

a. mis-fire a. mis-fire c. hang fire c. hang fire b. backfire b. backfire d. Backshot d. Backshot

Misfire = failure to discharged.Misfire = failure to discharged.

Hangfire = delay in the discharged of firearmHangfire = delay in the discharged of firearm..

30. What is the steel block that closes the rear 30. What is the steel block that closes the rear of the bore against the force of the charge?of the bore against the force of the charge?

a. breechface a. breechface c. breechblockc. breechblock

b. hammer b. hammer d. chamberd. chamber

Breechface = the flat surface where the base of Breechface = the flat surface where the base of the shell comes in contact when fired.the shell comes in contact when fired.

Chamber = part of the f/a where cartridge is Chamber = part of the f/a where cartridge is placed when ready to be fired.placed when ready to be fired.

31. Type of primer consisting of two flash hole 31. Type of primer consisting of two flash hole or vent.or vent.

a. Berdana. Berdan c. Battery c. Battery

b. Boxerb. Boxer d. none d. none

Boxer=one flash hole; Battery= shotgun primer.Boxer=one flash hole; Battery= shotgun primer.

32. Father of percussion ignition.32. Father of percussion ignition.

a. Alexander John Forsytha. Alexander John Forsyth

b. Roger Baconb. Roger Bacon

c. Bethold Schwartzc. Bethold Schwartz

d. Veillie d. Veillie

Veillie = developed smokeless powder for rifle.Veillie = developed smokeless powder for rifle.

33. Primers are used for igniting the 33. Primers are used for igniting the propellant charge by means of a blow from propellant charge by means of a blow from the firing pin on the primer cup producing the firing pin on the primer cup producing flames that passes through the:flames that passes through the:

a. Anvila. Anvil c. Vent/ flash holec. Vent/ flash hole

b. Paper discb. Paper disc d. Primer cupd. Primer cup

Anvil = solid metallic support.Anvil = solid metallic support.

Paper disc= thin foil/animal skin which protect Paper disc= thin foil/animal skin which protect the priming mixture from moist.the priming mixture from moist.

Primer cup = gilding metal cup which holds the Primer cup = gilding metal cup which holds the priming mixturepriming mixture..

34. Is a complete unfired unit consisting of 34. Is a complete unfired unit consisting of bullet, primer, gun powder and shell:bullet, primer, gun powder and shell:

a. ammunitiona. ammunition c. shotgun cartridgec. shotgun cartridge

b. cartridgeb. cartridge d. missiled. missile

Ammunition =loaded shell.Ammunition =loaded shell.

Shotgun cartridge = consists of pellet, Shotgun cartridge = consists of pellet, gunpowder, primer, shell and wads.gunpowder, primer, shell and wads.

35. Is that type of ammunition which does not 35. Is that type of ammunition which does not have bullet used in film-making:have bullet used in film-making:

a. dummya. dummy c. drillc. drill

b. blankb. blank d. lived. live

36. Is the type of cartridge with a rim diameter 36. Is the type of cartridge with a rim diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the body which is smaller than the diameter of the body of the cartridge?of the cartridge?

a. Belted typea. Belted type c. Rimlessc. Rimless

b. Rebatedb. Rebated d. Rimmed typed. Rimmed type

37. Is the type of cartridge in which is the 37. Is the type of cartridge in which is the priming mixture is not found at the cavity rim priming mixture is not found at the cavity rim of the cartridge case?of the cartridge case?

a. Pin firea. Pin fire c. Center firec. Center fire

b. Rimmed typeb. Rimmed type d. Rim fired. Rim fire

38. A 12 gauge shotgun has an equivalent 38. A 12 gauge shotgun has an equivalent diameter of:diameter of:

a. .730” b. .729”a. .730” b. .729” c. .726” c. .726” d. .d. .724”724”

39. European made firearm are usually referred 39. European made firearm are usually referred in millimeter in determining calibers, when in millimeter in determining calibers, when you talk of 9mm you are referring to?you talk of 9mm you are referring to?

a. .38 cal a. .38 cal c. .45 cal c. .45 cal

b. .357 cal b. .357 cal d. .30 cald. .30 cal

40. A metallic or non-metallic cylindrical ball 40. A metallic or non-metallic cylindrical ball propel from a firearm.propel from a firearm.

a. bulleta. bullet b. slug b. slug

c. projectilec. projectile d. missile d. missile e. all of thesee. all of these

Projectile = metallic and non metallic ball Projectile = metallic and non metallic ball propel from a firearm.propel from a firearm.

Bullet = projectile usually fired from small arms.Bullet = projectile usually fired from small arms.

Slug =other term/police term for bullet.Slug =other term/police term for bullet.

Shot = also referred to as slug/commonly used Shot = also referred to as slug/commonly used in shotgun.in shotgun.

Missile = used for artillery.Missile = used for artillery.

41. A type of a bullet designed to be fired at 41. A type of a bullet designed to be fired at night which emits a bright flame at its base night which emits a bright flame at its base and usually colored red-tip.and usually colored red-tip.

a. armor piercing a. armor piercing c. tracerc. tracer

b. incendiary b. incendiary d. explosive d. explosive

Armor piercing = used in light metallic Armor piercing = used in light metallic target/harden metal core.target/harden metal core.

Incendiary = design to set fire upon impact Incendiary = design to set fire upon impact (blue tip)(blue tip)

Explosive = design to fragment.Explosive = design to fragment.

42. A type of a bullet made in order to inflict 42. A type of a bullet made in order to inflict greater damage used by India. (expanding greater damage used by India. (expanding bullet)bullet)

a. Dum-Dum a. Dum-Dum c. expanding bulletc. expanding bullet

b. baton roundb. baton round d. explosive d. explosive

e. mushroom bullete. mushroom bullet

Expanding bullet = hallow point & soft point Expanding bullet = hallow point & soft point also called mushroom bullet.also called mushroom bullet.

43. A bullet covered with thick coating of a 43. A bullet covered with thick coating of a copper alloy to prevent leading is known as:copper alloy to prevent leading is known as:

a. Plated bulleta. Plated bullet c. Metal cased bulletc. Metal cased bullet

b. Jacketed bullet b. Jacketed bullet d. Metal point bulletd. Metal point bullet

44. Shots consisting of a small lead ball or 44. Shots consisting of a small lead ball or pellets which are made by dropping with the pellets which are made by dropping with the exception of the very largest sizes which are exception of the very largest sizes which are made by molding are known as:made by molding are known as:

a. Soft shotsa. Soft shots c. Buck shotsc. Buck shots

b. Drop shotsb. Drop shots d. Chilled shotsd. Chilled shots

45. A miscellaneous type of design as anti 45. A miscellaneous type of design as anti riot, basically made from rubber at a larger riot, basically made from rubber at a larger caliber.caliber.

a. Discarding sabota. Discarding sabot c. Baton Roundc. Baton Round

b. Flechette b. Flechette d. Frangibled. Frangible

Discarding Sabot = design for greater Discarding Sabot = design for greater velocity.velocity.

Flechette = a number of nail type or neddle-Flechette = a number of nail type or neddle-like projectile. like projectile.

46. Is a metallic or non-metallic cylindrical 46. Is a metallic or non-metallic cylindrical container which serves as the projector for the container which serves as the projector for the propellant against moisture?propellant against moisture?

a. Bulleta. Bullet c. Cartridge case c. Cartridge case

b. Primerb. Primer d. Paper discd. Paper disc

47. Is that part of the cartridge case which 47. Is that part of the cartridge case which characterized by a cylindrical grooves that characterized by a cylindrical grooves that prevents the bullet from being push down to the prevents the bullet from being push down to the cartridge?cartridge?

a. Crimpa. Crimp c. Shoulderc. Shoulder

b. Neck b. Neck d. Cannelured. Cannelure

Crimp = prevent loss/pull outCrimp = prevent loss/pull out..

48. A cylindrical groove around the body of a bullet 48. A cylindrical groove around the body of a bullet which may contains lubricating substances and which may contains lubricating substances and which can be the basis in determining its which can be the basis in determining its manufacturer.manufacturer.

a. Body a. Body c. ogivec. ogive

b. Bullet crimpb. Bullet crimp d. bullet cannelure.d. bullet cannelure.

49. Black powder basically composed of:49. Black powder basically composed of:a. 75% potassium chlorate, 15% charcoal and 10% sulfur.a. 75% potassium chlorate, 15% charcoal and 10% sulfur.

b. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal and 10% sulfur.b. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal and 10% sulfur.

c. 75% potassium chlorate, 10 % charcoal and 15 % sulfur.c. 75% potassium chlorate, 10 % charcoal and 15 % sulfur.

d. 75% potassium nitrate, 10% charcoal and 15% sulfur.d. 75% potassium nitrate, 10% charcoal and 15% sulfur.

50. A form of smokeless powder made from 50. A form of smokeless powder made from sticks or cords?sticks or cords?

a. balistitea. balistite c. corditec. cordite

c. powder Bc. powder B d. nitroglycerined. nitroglycerine

51. The don’t MAC rule in collection of physical 51. The don’t MAC rule in collection of physical evidence stands for: Mutilate, Alter and ____?evidence stands for: Mutilate, Alter and ____?

a. Cuta. Cut c. contaminatec. contaminate

b. Consumeb. Consume d. conserved. conserve

52. Is the part of the cartridge case which holds 52. Is the part of the cartridge case which holds the primer securely in a central position and the primer securely in a central position and providing a solid support for the primer anvil?providing a solid support for the primer anvil?

a. Flash holea. Flash hole c. Extractor groovec. Extractor groove

b. Primer pocketb. Primer pocket d. Rimd. Rim

Rim = limits the forward movement of the Rim = limits the forward movement of the cartridge to the cylinder.cartridge to the cylinder.

53. The caliber of a bullet is measured 53. The caliber of a bullet is measured through?through?

a. Two opposite landsa. Two opposite lands

b. Measuring the base diameterb. Measuring the base diameter

c. using the caliper c. using the caliper

d. using a micrometerd. using a micrometer

54. Is the helical groove mark found inside the 54. Is the helical groove mark found inside the bore of the barrel designed to impart rotation bore of the barrel designed to impart rotation motion of the bulletmotion of the bullet

a. lands a. lands c. rifling c. rifling

b. grooves b. grooves d. pitch of rifling d. pitch of rifling

55. A fired bullet with six lands and grooves 55. A fired bullet with six lands and grooves twisted to the right is fired from the barrel of twisted to the right is fired from the barrel of a firearm with identical class characteristics a firearm with identical class characteristics as that of:as that of:

a. Browninga. Browning c. Coltc. Colt

b. Smith and Wessonb. Smith and Wesson d. Steyerd. Steyer

62. The pitch of rifling (rate of twist) in the barrel 62. The pitch of rifling (rate of twist) in the barrel of a firearm is called as____?of a firearm is called as____?a. land a. land b. one complete revolution of bullet b. one complete revolution of bullet c. groovec. grooved. ranged. range

57. What instrument is used in measuring the 57. What instrument is used in measuring the pitch of rifling of a firearm?pitch of rifling of a firearm?

a. calipher a. calipher c. tortion balancec. tortion balance

b. helixometer b. helixometer d. Chronographd. Chronograph

Caliper = measure caliberCaliper = measure caliber

Chronograph = measure velocity.Chronograph = measure velocity.

. .

58. Fired Cartridge case/shell are usually mark 58. Fired Cartridge case/shell are usually mark at the _________?at the _________?

a. outside near open mouth a. outside near open mouth b. side or body of the shell b. side or body of the shell

c. inside near open mouth c. inside near open mouth d. any of the aboved. any of the above

59. Fired bullet found at the scene of the crime 59. Fired bullet found at the scene of the crime are usually marked at the ______.are usually marked at the ______.

a. Ogive c. Base a. Ogive c. Base e. none of the above e. none of the above

b. Nose d. Any of the aboveb. Nose d. Any of the above

60. Fired bullet/fired shell are usually mark with:60. Fired bullet/fired shell are usually mark with:

a. Initial of the investigatora. Initial of the investigator

b. Initials of investigator and date of recovery.b. Initials of investigator and date of recovery.

c. Letter “t” plus the last two digit of the firearm.c. Letter “t” plus the last two digit of the firearm.

d. Letter “t-1, t-2…., plus the last two digit of the d. Letter “t-1, t-2…., plus the last two digit of the firearm use.firearm use.

61. It is the list of the people who have handled 61. It is the list of the people who have handled the physical evidence from the time of its the physical evidence from the time of its discovery until their final disposition in court.discovery until their final disposition in court.

a. Evidence lista. Evidence list c. Chain linkc. Chain link

b. Chain of eventsb. Chain of events d. chain of custodyd. chain of custody

62. The basis in shell identification is________?62. The basis in shell identification is________?

a. firing pin marksa. firing pin marks

b. breech face marksb. breech face marks

c. Firing pin and/or c. Firing pin and/or breech face marks breech face marks

d. extractor and ejector marksd. extractor and ejector marks

63. Individual marks found at the interior portion 63. Individual marks found at the interior portion of the bullet due to poor alignment of the of the bullet due to poor alignment of the cylinder with bore of the firearm.cylinder with bore of the firearm.

a. skid marksa. skid marks c. stripping marksc. stripping marks

b. shaving marksb. shaving marks d. slippage marksd. slippage marks

Skid mark = due to forward movement of the Skid mark = due to forward movement of the bullet to the bore before it rotates.bullet to the bore before it rotates.

64. The importance of individual marks left on a bullet by 64. The importance of individual marks left on a bullet by a gun barrel is that it is useful in directly identifying a gun barrel is that it is useful in directly identifying the:the:

a. bullet which caused the fatal wound a. bullet which caused the fatal wound b. person who fired the particular firearmb. person who fired the particular firearmc. gun from which a bullet was fired c. gun from which a bullet was fired d. possible direction of shotd. possible direction of shot

65. What is the best way of picking a suspected firearm 65. What is the best way of picking a suspected firearm at the crime scene?at the crime scene?

a. picking it through the handle a. picking it through the handle b. picking it through the barrelb. picking it through the barrelc. inserting a handkerchief or string straw at the c. inserting a handkerchief or string straw at the

trigger guardtrigger guardd. inserting a rod at the barreld. inserting a rod at the barrel

. .

66. A shaving marks on a bullet is due to:66. A shaving marks on a bullet is due to:

a. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the bore of a. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the bore of the barrelthe barrel

b. Oversized barrel b. Oversized barrel

c. Oily barrelc. Oily barrel

b. badly worn-out (stripping mark)b. badly worn-out (stripping mark)

67. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which 67. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which are determinable even before the manufacture of are determinable even before the manufacture of the firearm?the firearm?

Class CharacteristicsClass Characteristics c. Individual Characteristics c. Individual Characteristics

b. Repetitive markb. Repetitive mark d. accidental markd. accidental mark

68. Is a condition in which two bullets or shells are 68. Is a condition in which two bullets or shells are examined and compared under the comparison examined and compared under the comparison microscope at the same time, level and direction microscope at the same time, level and direction and magnification and same image?and magnification and same image?

a. Pseudo matcha. Pseudo match c. Juxtapositionc. Juxtaposition

b. false matchb. false match d. Sodo matchd. Sodo match

69. Is the process of obtaining a magnified 69. Is the process of obtaining a magnified photograph of a small object done by attaching a photograph of a small object done by attaching a camera to the ocular of a compound microscope?camera to the ocular of a compound microscope?

a. Photomacrographya. Photomacrography c. Photomicrographyc. Photomicrography

b. Microphotography d. Macrophotographyb. Microphotography d. Macrophotography

70. When the “draws” of the revolver is 70. When the “draws” of the revolver is completed, the index finger should?completed, the index finger should?

a. touch the outside of the trigger guard a. touch the outside of the trigger guard

b. grasp the stockb. grasp the stock

c. be straighten along the barrel c. be straighten along the barrel

d. be inside the trigger guardd. be inside the trigger guard

71 . What is the secret of good shooting form?71 . What is the secret of good shooting form?

a. relaxed and natural position a. relaxed and natural position

b. keeping the thumb along the hammerb. keeping the thumb along the hammer

c. proper sighting of the target c. proper sighting of the target

d. firing slowly and carefullyd. firing slowly and carefully

72. Are small grooves, channels or ridges on 72. Are small grooves, channels or ridges on the surface of the bullet due to the tool marks the surface of the bullet due to the tool marks or other irregularities in the interior surface of or other irregularities in the interior surface of the bore?the bore?

a. Land marksa. Land marks c. Groove marksc. Groove marks

b. Striationb. Striation d. Accidental marksd. Accidental marks

73. Is an instrument used in determining the 73. Is an instrument used in determining the caliber of the bullet by getting a equivalent caliber of the bullet by getting a equivalent weight?weight?

a. Calipera. Caliper c. Micrometerc. Micrometer

b. Torsion Balanceb. Torsion Balance d. Flat-form balanced. Flat-form balance

74. Is a type of a powder used in modern 74. Is a type of a powder used in modern cartridges being powerful?cartridges being powerful?

a. Corrosivea. Corrosive c. Non-corrosivec. Non-corrosive

b. Blackb. Black d. Smoke lessd. Smoke less

75. An optical instrument used or designed to 75. An optical instrument used or designed to make simultaneous comparison of two make simultaneous comparison of two specimens?specimens?

a. Comparison microscopea. Comparison microscope c. Chronographc. Chronograph

b. Micrometerb. Micrometer d. Shadowgraphd. Shadowgraph

76. Instrument used in obtaining test bullet:76. Instrument used in obtaining test bullet:

a. calipera. caliper

b. bullet comparison microscopeb. bullet comparison microscope

c. bullet recovery box c. bullet recovery box

d. water tankd. water tank

77. A pointed instrument use in marking fired 77. A pointed instrument use in marking fired bullet/fired shell.bullet/fired shell.

a. pointera. pointer c. stylusc. stylus

b. markerb. marker d. drillerd. driller

78.Firearms includes muskets, carbine shotgun 78.Firearms includes muskets, carbine shotgun etc. as mention in _______of the Revised etc. as mention in _______of the Revised Administrative Code.Administrative Code.

a. sec.788 b. sec.787 c. sec.878 d.sec.877a. sec.788 b. sec.787 c. sec.878 d.sec.877

79. The law which prohibits possession of 79. The law which prohibits possession of firearms/ammunition.firearms/ammunition.

a. P.D. 1866a. P.D. 1866 c. R.A. 8294c. R.A. 8294

b. P.D. 1688b. P.D. 1688 d. R.A. 9284d. R.A. 9284

80. Low power gun are those firearms that uses 80. Low power gun are those firearms that uses projectile not more than 9mm or .38 cal. projectile not more than 9mm or .38 cal. Except:Except:

a. Magnum .22a. Magnum .22 c. magnum 357c. magnum 357

b. Magnum 40b. Magnum 40 d. a and c onlyd. a and c only

FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHYFORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY

= it is the application of the = it is the application of the principles of photography to law principles of photography to law or administration of justice.or administration of justice.

Police photography = the Police photography = the application of photography to application of photography to police work. Also known in its old police work. Also known in its old usage as black and white usage as black and white photography.photography.

1. The word Photography was coined by _____?1. The word Photography was coined by _____?

a. John F. W. Herschela. John F. W. Herschel

b. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (Daguerreo typeb. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (Daguerreo type

c. Henry Fox Talbot (Talo or Calo type)c. Henry Fox Talbot (Talo or Calo type)

d. Leonardo Da Vencid. Leonardo Da Venci

2. What is considered as the utmost used of 2. What is considered as the utmost used of photography in police work?photography in police work?

a. for identification a. for identification c. for preservationc. for preservation

b. for record purpose b. for record purpose d. for court presentationd. for court presentation

Personal Identification = first used of photography in Personal Identification = first used of photography in police work.police work.

3. The theory of light which states that it is 3. The theory of light which states that it is produced as an energy made by action of produced as an energy made by action of some small particles such as electron and some small particles such as electron and protons.protons.

a. Wave theorya. Wave theory c. Corpuscular theoryc. Corpuscular theory

b. Modified wave theoryb. Modified wave theory d. spectrum theory d. spectrum theory

4. It is characterized as the bending of light.4. It is characterized as the bending of light.

a. reflectiona. reflection c. refractionc. refraction

b. dispersionb. dispersion d. defractiond. defraction

5. In Photographing the scene of the crime, 5. In Photographing the scene of the crime, what view should be used in order to show what view should be used in order to show the best feature of the nature of the crime the best feature of the nature of the crime scene?scene?a. medium a. medium c. close-up c. close-up b. general b. general d. extreme close-upd. extreme close-up

General view = over-all view.General view = over-all view.Close-up = details of crime scene.Close-up = details of crime scene.Extreme close-up =details of physical evidence.Extreme close-up =details of physical evidence.

6. Is an electromagnetic energy which travels 6. Is an electromagnetic energy which travels with the speed of 186, 000 miles per secondwith the speed of 186, 000 miles per second

a. lighta. light b. energy b. energy c. raysc. rays d. radiationd. radiation

7. Light travels in a form of a wave according to 7. Light travels in a form of a wave according to wave theory of Huygens. What is that unit of wave theory of Huygens. What is that unit of light wavelength which is express in ten light wavelength which is express in ten millionth part of a millimeter.millionth part of a millimeter.

a. Millimicrona. Millimicron c. Nanometerc. Nanometer

b. Angstromb. Angstrom d. Micrond. Micron

Millimicron / Nanometer = one millionth part of Millimicron / Nanometer = one millionth part of mm.mm.

Micron = equivalent to one thousand part of Micron = equivalent to one thousand part of millimicron. millimicron.

8. Is the action of light when passing a 8. Is the action of light when passing a transparent object.transparent object.

a. Absorbeda. Absorbed c. reflectedc. reflected

b. transmittedb. transmitted d. refractedd. refracted

ReflectedReflected = bouncing of light. = bouncing of light.

AbsorbedAbsorbed = light that is block by the surface = light that is block by the surface where it falls such as black cloth (opaque)where it falls such as black cloth (opaque)

Transmitted Transmitted = light that passed through usually = light that passed through usually in a transparent object such as plain glass.in a transparent object such as plain glass.

RefractedRefracted =light that bends. =light that bends.

9. Is the condition of the sunlight where object 9. Is the condition of the sunlight where object in an open space cast a transparent or bluish in an open space cast a transparent or bluish shadow.shadow.

a. bright lighta. bright light c. dull sunlightc. dull sunlight

b. hazy sunlight b. hazy sunlight d. none of thesed. none of these

Dull sunlight = thick clouds covers the sun, no Dull sunlight = thick clouds covers the sun, no shadow will be produced.shadow will be produced.

Hazy sunlight = thin clouds covers the sun.Hazy sunlight = thin clouds covers the sun.

Bright sunlight = clear sky, well defined shadow, Bright sunlight = clear sky, well defined shadow, glossy object.glossy object.

10. An artificial light source which contains in its 10. An artificial light source which contains in its tube certain powders capable of illuminating with tube certain powders capable of illuminating with some support from small amount of electricity. It some support from small amount of electricity. It is commonly used in the house or commercial is commonly used in the house or commercial establishment.establishment.

a. Incandescent lampa. Incandescent lamp c. fluorescence lampc. fluorescence lamp

b. photo flood lampb. photo flood lamp d. flash bulbd. flash bulb

Sources of light Sources of light

1. Natural light source such as sunlight, starlight, 1. Natural light source such as sunlight, starlight, lightning etc.lightning etc.

2. Artificial /Man-made light (short duration and 2. Artificial /Man-made light (short duration and long continuous) Flash bulb, Incandescent lamp, long continuous) Flash bulb, Incandescent lamp, Fluorescent lamp, spotlight or reflectorized light.Fluorescent lamp, spotlight or reflectorized light.

11. Light in which there wavelength are either 11. Light in which there wavelength are either too short or too long to excite the retina of the too short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye?human eye?

a. visible a. visible c. invisiblec. invisible

b. natural b. natural d. artificial or man-maded. artificial or man-made

Visible light = Visible light =

Invisible light = (X-ray, ultra-violet light, and Invisible light = (X-ray, ultra-violet light, and Infra-red light etc.)Infra-red light etc.)

12. What color will be produced by the 12. What color will be produced by the combination of a red and blue color?combination of a red and blue color?

a. magentaa. magenta c. yellow c. yellow b. cyan b. cyan d. Greend. Green

Primary colors == Blue, Green and RedPrimary colors == Blue, Green and Red

Blue + Green = cyanBlue + Green = cyan

Green + Red = yellowGreen + Red = yellow

Blue + Red = magentaBlue + Red = magenta

Secondary = cyan, yellow and magentaSecondary = cyan, yellow and magenta

13. How many photographic rays are there?13. How many photographic rays are there?

a. three b. five a. three b. five c. fourc. four d. nined. nine

14. What photographic rays have the longest 14. What photographic rays have the longest wavelength?wavelength?

a. infra-red a. infra-red c.ultra-violet c.ultra-violet

b. visible rays b. visible rays d. x-raysd. x-rays

X-ray (roentgen rays) X-ray (roentgen rays) = .01 to 30 millimicron.= .01 to 30 millimicron.

Ultra-violet light (black light) Ultra-violet light (black light) =30 to 400 mill.=30 to 400 mill.

Visible light Visible light = 400 to 700 millimicron.= 400 to 700 millimicron.

Infra-red (heat rays) Infra-red (heat rays) = 700 to 1000 millimicron= 700 to 1000 millimicron

15. Is a type of an artificial light which makes 15. Is a type of an artificial light which makes sympathetic inks visible?sympathetic inks visible? a. ultra-violet a. ultra-violet c. infra-redc. infra-redb. transparent light b. transparent light d. oblique lightd. oblique light

16. What determine the amount of light a flash 16. What determine the amount of light a flash unit will yield at a given distance?unit will yield at a given distance?

a. luminescence a. luminescence b. wattage b. wattage c. guide number c. guide number d. light meterd. light meter

Light meter Light meter = an accessory of a camera which = an accessory of a camera which measures the amount of reflected light.measures the amount of reflected light.

17. Laser light is also referred to as ______?17. Laser light is also referred to as ______?a. ultra-violet a. ultra-violet c. visible c. visible b. coherent b. coherent d. Heatd. Heat

18. Hologram refers to a :18. Hologram refers to a :a. 1 dimensional image in a film.a. 1 dimensional image in a film.b. 2- dimensional image in a filmb. 2- dimensional image in a filmc. 3 – dimensional image in a filmc. 3 – dimensional image in a filmd. 4 – dimensional image in a filmd. 4 – dimensional image in a film

19. Sidelight photography is usually done to 19. Sidelight photography is usually done to show ________in a questioned document.show ________in a questioned document.

A. Stamped out writingA. Stamped out writing C. Watermarks C. Watermarks

B. Faded writingB. Faded writing D. ErasuresD. Erasures

Direct light = support photographing.Direct light = support photographing.

Oblique light = from one side at a very low Oblique light = from one side at a very low angle.angle.

Side light = from one side.Side light = from one side.

Transmitted light =from the back/bottomTransmitted light =from the back/bottom

20. Specifically, the camera is needed in 20. Specifically, the camera is needed in photography to_________.photography to_________.

a. record the imagea. record the image

b. . Exclude all unwanted and unnecessary b. . Exclude all unwanted and unnecessary lights lights

c. makes the image visiblec. makes the image visible

d. makes the image permanentd. makes the image permanent21. How many parts does a camera generally 21. How many parts does a camera generally

has, with all other parts treated as has, with all other parts treated as accessories?accessories?a. five a. five c. six c. six b. four b. four d. Three d. Three

22. What lens system of the camera reflects 22. What lens system of the camera reflects the light passing the lens and mirror making the light passing the lens and mirror making the image possible to be viewed from the the image possible to be viewed from the viewfinder.viewfinder.

a. pentaprisma. pentaprism c. condenserc. condenser

b. shutterb. shutter d. filter d. filter

23. Is that part of the camera which controls 23. Is that part of the camera which controls the passage of light reaching the sensitized the passage of light reaching the sensitized material? It compared to the eyelid of the material? It compared to the eyelid of the human eye.human eye.

a. lensa. lens c. shutterc. shutter

b. lens openingb. lens opening d. film planed. film plane

24. Is that part of the camera which provides a 24. Is that part of the camera which provides a means of determining the extent of the area means of determining the extent of the area coverage of a given lens.coverage of a given lens.

a. lensa. lens c. view finderc. view finder

b. shutterb. shutter d. pentaprismd. pentaprism

25. Is a camera accessory designed to fix the 25. Is a camera accessory designed to fix the camera focus and avoid its unusual camera focus and avoid its unusual movement during the process of movement during the process of photographing?photographing?

a. cable releasea. cable release c. standc. stand

b. tripodb. tripod d. camera strapd. camera strap

26. What problem is usually encountered by a 26. What problem is usually encountered by a photographer in using a flash unit?photographer in using a flash unit?

a. neutral density c. synchronizationa. neutral density c. synchronization

b prospective b prospective d. Parallax d. Parallax

SynchronizationSynchronization = timing between the shutter = timing between the shutter and the flash.and the flash.

ParallaxParallax = omission of an object. Image viewed = omission of an object. Image viewed in the view finder is not exactly produce in in the view finder is not exactly produce in the photograph.the photograph.

27. To readily determine the degree of 27. To readily determine the degree of magnification of a subject in a photograph magnification of a subject in a photograph ________ should be place beside the subject.________ should be place beside the subject.

A. RulerA. Ruler C. rangefinderC. rangefinder

B. Scale bedB. Scale bed D. Gray-scaleD. Gray-scale

28. Why must the taking of photographs from an 28. Why must the taking of photographs from an unusual camera position in crime photography unusual camera position in crime photography be avoided?be avoided?

a. it distorts the focusa. it distorts the focus

b. it distorts the perspective b. it distorts the perspective

c. it distorts the magnificationc. it distorts the magnification

d. it distorts the textured. it distorts the texture

29. What type of a camera is ideal to police 29. What type of a camera is ideal to police photography?photography?

a. view finder typea. view finder type c. single lens reflex (SLR)c. single lens reflex (SLR)

b. twin lens reflex (TLR)b. twin lens reflex (TLR) d. press/view camerad. press/view camera

SLR = is an interchangeable lens type of SLR = is an interchangeable lens type of camera.camera.

View finder = simplest /cheapestView finder = simplest /cheapest

TLR = one lens for focusing/ one for forming.TLR = one lens for focusing/ one for forming.

View or Press = biggest and expensive.View or Press = biggest and expensive.

30. What type of a film has the longest range of 30. What type of a film has the longest range of sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum sensitivity in the electromagnetic spectrum called?called?

a. orthochromatic film a. orthochromatic film c. blue-sensitive filmc. blue-sensitive film

b. panchromatic film d. infra-red filmb. panchromatic film d. infra-red film

Black & White Film =“ortho” or “pan”Black & White Film =“ortho” or “pan”

Colored (negative type—color or reversal -- Colored (negative type—color or reversal -- chrome)chrome)

31. What emulsion speed indicator is express in 31. What emulsion speed indicator is express in an arithmetic form?an arithmetic form?

a. ISO b. DIN c. ASA d. GNPa. ISO b. DIN c. ASA d. GNP

ASA – American Standard AssociationASA – American Standard Association

10, 20, 30 , 40 , 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 100010, 20, 30 , 40 , 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1000

DINDIN - Deutche Industre Normen- Deutche Industre Normen

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 363, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36

ISO = International Standard OrganizationISO = International Standard Organization..

32. Assuming all conditions will be the same, 32. Assuming all conditions will be the same, which film gives the finest of grains?which film gives the finest of grains?

a. ASA 1000 a. ASA 1000 b. ASA 100 b. ASA 100 c. ASA 200 c. ASA 200 d. ASA 400 d. ASA 400

Film speed/emulsion speed Film speed/emulsion speed = the higher the = the higher the number the more sensitive or faster the film.number the more sensitive or faster the film.

Finest grains Finest grains = the lower the number the finer = the lower the number the finer the grains.the grains.

33. In Police Photography, what is the ideal 33. In Police Photography, what is the ideal weight for enlarging paper?weight for enlarging paper?

a. double weight c. medium weighta. double weight c. medium weight

b. single weight b. single weight d. light weight d. light weight

34. What photo paper is ideal to be used in a 34. What photo paper is ideal to be used in a normal exposed film?normal exposed film?

a. # 1 b. # 3 c. # 2 d. # 4a. # 1 b. # 3 c. # 2 d. # 4

# 0 for extremely overexposed and # 1 for # 0 for extremely overexposed and # 1 for overexposedoverexposed

# 3, #4 and #5 are for underexposed# 3, #4 and #5 are for underexposed

35. What photo paper according to its chemical 35. What photo paper according to its chemical content is best suited for police photography?content is best suited for police photography?

a. Chloride paper a. Chloride paper c. Chloro-bromidec. Chloro-bromide

b. Bromide paper b. Bromide paper d. Iodide paper d. Iodide paper

36. A convex lens is capable of?36. A convex lens is capable of?a. reducing the objecta. reducing the objectb. making the object appear hairy b. making the object appear hairy c. enlarging the object c. enlarging the object d. reducing the size of the pictured. reducing the size of the picture

Convex = thicker at the center.Convex = thicker at the center.(positive/converging lens)(positive/converging lens)Concave = thinner at the center.Concave = thinner at the center.(negative/diverging lens)(negative/diverging lens)

37. Zoom lens is composed of?37. Zoom lens is composed of?

a. Positive lensa. Positive lens c. negative lensc. negative lens

b. a and cb. a and c d. noned. none

38. Is a lens defect which enable the lens to 38. Is a lens defect which enable the lens to focus both horizontal and vertical lines in focus both horizontal and vertical lines in a plane at the same time a plane at the same time

a. Coma c. Distortiona. Coma c. Distortion

b. Astigmatism b. Astigmatism d. Chromatic aberrationd. Chromatic aberration

Coma / lateral aberration = straight line Coma / lateral aberration = straight line becomes blurred.becomes blurred.

Distortion = a defect not in blurredness but in Distortion = a defect not in blurredness but in shape. (barrel/pinchusion)shape. (barrel/pinchusion)

Chromatic aberration = defects in color.Chromatic aberration = defects in color.

39. What type of a lens is used in a simplest 39. What type of a lens is used in a simplest and cheapest type of a camera?and cheapest type of a camera?

a. rapid rectillinear lensa. rapid rectillinear lens c. meniscus lens c. meniscus lens

b. anastigmat lens b. anastigmat lens d. achromatic lens d. achromatic lens

e. Apochromatic lense. Apochromatic lens

Meniscus = no correctionMeniscus = no correction

Rapid rectillinear = corrected from distortion.Rapid rectillinear = corrected from distortion.

Anastigmat = corrected from astigmatismAnastigmat = corrected from astigmatism

Achromatic = corrected from chromatic Achromatic = corrected from chromatic aberration.aberration.

40. What kind of diaphragm opening should a 40. What kind of diaphragm opening should a photographer used in order to get a wider photographer used in order to get a wider depth of field?depth of field?a. wider a. wider c. shorter c. shorter b. smaller b. smaller d. Longer d. Longer

F-Number = focal length/diameter of the whole F-Number = focal length/diameter of the whole lenslens

f 2.8, f -4, f-5.6, f-8, f-11, f-16f 2.8, f -4, f-5.6, f-8, f-11, f-16

41. What lens has a variable focal length?41. What lens has a variable focal length?

a. wide angle lens a. wide angle lens c. telephotolensc. telephotolens

b. normal focus lens b. normal focus lens d. zoom lens d. zoom lens

42. A type of a lens that would make an object 42. A type of a lens that would make an object to be exaggeratedly closes to the to be exaggeratedly closes to the photographer and is ideal in stake out photographer and is ideal in stake out surveillance photography.surveillance photography.

a. short focus lens a. short focus lens c. telephoto lens c. telephoto lens

b. normal focus lens b. normal focus lens d. wide angle lens d. wide angle lens

43. What is the range of distance from the 43. What is the range of distance from the nearest object to the farthest object that is nearest object to the farthest object that is sharp when the lens is set or focused sharp when the lens is set or focused at a particular distance?at a particular distance?a. focal length a. focal length c. depth of field c. depth of field b. hyperfocal distanceb. hyperfocal distance d. Focusingd. Focusing

44. The determining factor of the size of an 44. The determining factor of the size of an image as well as the area of coverage of image as well as the area of coverage of a given camera lens is the?a given camera lens is the?a. focal lengtha. focal length c. Diaphragm c. Diaphragm openingopeningb. hyper-focal distance b. hyper-focal distance d. Depth of fieldd. Depth of field

45. When one uses a Photographic filter in 45. When one uses a Photographic filter in taking a photograph, he is actually taking a photograph, he is actually __________light rays or color from the light __________light rays or color from the light to reach the film.to reach the film.

a. adding a. adding b. multiplying b. multiplying c. subtracting c. subtracting d. Dividingd. Dividing

46. A filter used in photographing fingerprints 46. A filter used in photographing fingerprints on a shiny or highly polished surfaced on a shiny or highly polished surfaced because it reduces or eliminates glare is because it reduces or eliminates glare is known as:known as:

A. Neutral densityA. Neutral density C. ColorC. Color

B. PolarizingB. Polarizing D. Contrast filterD. Contrast filter

47. If the basic exposure for a given film in 47. If the basic exposure for a given film in bright sunlight is l/125, f11, the exposure bright sunlight is l/125, f11, the exposure setting at dull sunlight would be?setting at dull sunlight would be?a. 1/125 f4 a. 1/125 f4 c. 1/125 f8 c. 1/125 f8 b. 1/125 f5.6 b. 1/125 f5.6 d. 1/125 f16d. 1/125 f16

BS = 1/125 , f-11BS = 1/125 , f-11HS=HS= 1/125 , f-81/125 , f-8DS = 1/125 , f-5.6DS = 1/125 , f-5.6

48. The part of enlarger that will assure the 48. The part of enlarger that will assure the even illumination of the negative when even illumination of the negative when enlarging is the:enlarging is the:

A. Lamp houseA. Lamp house C. CondenserC. Condenser

B. BellowsB. Bellows D. Focusing speedD. Focusing speed

49. What is the usual time of fixing of a negative 49. What is the usual time of fixing of a negative or a photograph?or a photograph?

a. five to six minutesa. five to six minutes

b. ten to fifteen twelveb. ten to fifteen twelve

c. one to one and half minutes c. one to one and half minutes

d. twenty to thirty minutesd. twenty to thirty minutes

5- 6 minutes = Developing time for D-765- 6 minutes = Developing time for D-76

1 – 1 ½ minutes = developing time for dektol1 – 1 ½ minutes = developing time for dektol

50. Is the reducers or the developing agents.50. Is the reducers or the developing agents.

a. Elon, Hydroquinone a. Elon, Hydroquinone c. sodium sulfatec. sodium sulfate

b. sodium carbonate d. potassium bromideb. sodium carbonate d. potassium bromide

51. The need for long and continuous washing in 51. The need for long and continuous washing in water of a negative or finished print is to remove water of a negative or finished print is to remove the presence of___________ because its the presence of___________ because its presence will result to the early fading.presence will result to the early fading.

A. Sodium sulfiteA. Sodium sulfite C. Acetic acidC. Acetic acid

B. Potassium alumB. Potassium alum D. HypoD. Hypo

52. Error in the processing step like 52. Error in the processing step like overdevelopment could be remedied by the overdevelopment could be remedied by the sued of a:sued of a:

A. reducerA. reducer c. Bleacherc. Bleacher

b. intensifier b. intensifier d. stain removerd. stain remover

53. What is that process of eliminating unwanted 53. What is that process of eliminating unwanted portions of a negative during enlarging process?portions of a negative during enlarging process?

a. dodging a. dodging c. burning-in c. burning-in

b. vignetting b. vignetting d. Croppingd. Cropping

Cropping = omitting an object.Cropping = omitting an object.

Burning –in =additional exposure on the desired portion Burning –in =additional exposure on the desired portion of a negative.of a negative.

Vignetting = gradual fading of the image towards the Vignetting = gradual fading of the image towards the side. side.

54. What is the functions of the boric acid and acetic 54. What is the functions of the boric acid and acetic acids in the fixer?acids in the fixer?a. as preservative c. as hardenera. as preservative c. as hardener

b. as neutralizer b. as neutralizer d. as dissolving agentd. as dissolving agent

Preservative = sodium sulfatePreservative = sodium sulfate Neutralizer = acetic acid/boric acidNeutralizer = acetic acid/boric acid Hardener = potassium alum/potassium bromide.Hardener = potassium alum/potassium bromide.

55. The chemical that will dissolve all the unexposed 55. The chemical that will dissolve all the unexposed and undeveloped silver halides after and undeveloped silver halides after development is the? development is the?a. acetic acid a. acetic acid c. hypo c. hypo b. sodium sulfate b. sodium sulfate d. potassium alumd. potassium alum

Questioned DocumentQuestioned Document

1. A document completely written and signed 1. A document completely written and signed by one person is known as____________.by one person is known as____________.

a. Halograpic document a. Halograpic document

b. all of the above b. all of the above

c. Questioned documentc. Questioned document

d. disputed document d. disputed document

e. None of the abovee. None of the above

Holograph = latin word “holo” and “graph” Holograph = latin word “holo” and “graph” meaning “hand writing”. meaning “hand writing”.

2. It serves as the focal points of all document 2. It serves as the focal points of all document examination and it is where the document examination and it is where the document examiner relies as to the determination of the examiner relies as to the determination of the appropriate examination and the extent of the appropriate examination and the extent of the problem involved.problem involved.

a. Questioned documenta. Questioned document c. disputed document c. disputed document

b. Standard documentb. Standard document d. evidential document d. evidential document

Questioned documentQuestioned document

Collected/procuredCollected/procured

Document Document

Standard Standard

Requested/dictatedRequested/dictated

3. An autopsy report is an example of what kind of 3. An autopsy report is an example of what kind of evidence?evidence?

a. documentary a. documentary c. experimentalc. experimental

b. testimonial b. testimonial d. object/Reald. object/Real

4. Specimen of writing which was executed in the 4. Specimen of writing which was executed in the regular course of one’s activities. regular course of one’s activities.

a. requested a. requested c. collectedc. collected

b. executed at one time b. executed at one time d. day to day standard d. day to day standard

5. When document examiner as well as police are 5. When document examiner as well as police are dealing with documents, the most common dealing with documents, the most common problem they encountered are those problem they encountered are those concerning.concerning.

a. origin a. origin c. authorshipc. authorship

b. counterfeitb. counterfeit d. content (alteration)d. content (alteration)

6. Refers to the study of one’s handwriting in 6. Refers to the study of one’s handwriting in attempting to determine one’s personality.attempting to determine one’s personality.

a. Agraphia a. Agraphia

b. Chromatographyb. Chromatography

c. graphology c. graphology

d. handwriting identification d. handwriting identification

Agraphia = a kind of disease in the brain which Agraphia = a kind of disease in the brain which makes the person unable to write.makes the person unable to write.

7. Known Father of Questioned Document7. Known Father of Questioned Document

a. Albert S. Osborn a. Albert S. Osborn c. John Augustusc. John Augustus

b. Dr. Hans Grossb. Dr. Hans Gross d. Orway Hiltond. Orway Hilton

8. Is the combination of the basic designs of 8. Is the combination of the basic designs of letter and the writing movement involved letter and the writing movement involved in the writing?in the writing?

a. copy book forma. copy book form c. writing movement c. writing movement

b. system of writing b. system of writing d. line quality d. line quality

Copy book form = the illustration of the basic Copy book form = the illustration of the basic designs of letter/fundamental to the writing designs of letter/fundamental to the writing system.system.

Writing movement = refers to the Writing movement = refers to the mobility/motion of the pen.mobility/motion of the pen.

9. Is the visible record of the written strokes 9. Is the visible record of the written strokes resulting from a combination of resulting from a combination of various factors associated to the motion of various factors associated to the motion of the pen. Is the overall quality of the strokes.the pen. Is the overall quality of the strokes.

a. movement a. movement c. line qualityc. line quality

b. writing habits b. writing habits d. significant writing habits d. significant writing habits Writing habits = any repeated elements of Writing habits = any repeated elements of

writing.writing. Significant writing habits = sufficiently unique Significant writing habits = sufficiently unique

and ell-fixed.and ell-fixed. Writing = visible result.Writing = visible result. Handwriting = visible effect.Handwriting = visible effect.

10. Refers to the usual or normal deviations 10. Refers to the usual or normal deviations found in a repeated specimen of found in a repeated specimen of individual’s handwriting.individual’s handwriting.

a. Natural variation a. Natural variation c. transitory changec. transitory change

b. permanent damage d. temporary defectb. permanent damage d. temporary defect

Transitory change = changes which are only Transitory change = changes which are only temporary. temporary.

11. In document examination when referring to 11. In document examination when referring to contemporary documents this refers contemporary documents this refers to______?to______?

a. Document which is more than 5 years before a. Document which is more than 5 years before and after.and after.

b.Document which are not more than 5 years b.Document which are not more than 5 years before and afterbefore and after

c. Document which are more than 30 yearsc. Document which are more than 30 years

d. Document which are not more than 20 yearsd. Document which are not more than 20 years

12. A type of a document which bears the seals 12. A type of a document which bears the seals of the office issuing and the authorized of the office issuing and the authorized signature to such document.signature to such document.

a. Public documenta. Public document c. private documentc. private document

b. Official document d. commercial documentb. Official document d. commercial document

13. What is the first step in the procurement of 13. What is the first step in the procurement of handwriting exemplars?handwriting exemplars?a. Request for standard specimena. Request for standard specimen

b. Study of the questioned specimenb. Study of the questioned specimen

c. Determine the writing instrument and paper usedc. Determine the writing instrument and paper used

d. Arrange for normal writing conditiond. Arrange for normal writing condition

14. Is a specimen of writing prepared with 14. Is a specimen of writing prepared with deliberate intent of altering the usual deliberate intent of altering the usual writing habits in the hope of hiding his writing habits in the hope of hiding his identity.identity.a. disguised writing a. disguised writing c. handletteringc. handletteringb. cursive b. cursive d. block capital d. block capital

15. Refers to properties or marks, elements or 15. Refers to properties or marks, elements or qualities which serve to distinguish. Known qualities which serve to distinguish. Known as the basis of identification.as the basis of identification.

a. Characteristics c. individual characteristicsa. Characteristics c. individual characteristicsb. class characteristics b. class characteristics d. sample d. sample

Class/common/general characteristics or Gross Class/common/general characteristics or Gross = can be found in a group of writing.= can be found in a group of writing.

16. A specimen of writing which was executed 16. A specimen of writing which was executed without intention of changing the usual writing without intention of changing the usual writing habits. It is executed normally by the writer.habits. It is executed normally by the writer.

a. Natural writinga. Natural writing c. disguised writingc. disguised writing

b. Guided writingb. Guided writing d. assisted writingd. assisted writing

17. Writing forms can either be a disconnected or 17. Writing forms can either be a disconnected or joined letter writings. What specimen of writing is joined letter writings. What specimen of writing is characterized by disconnected style?characterized by disconnected style?

a. Hand letteringa. Hand lettering c. cursive writingc. cursive writing

b. Manuscript formb. Manuscript form d. roundedd. rounded

Cursive = letters are joined.Cursive = letters are joined.

Connection = strokes joining two successive Connection = strokes joining two successive letters in a word.letters in a word.

18. A genuine signature which was used in the 18. A genuine signature which was used in the preparation of a simulated or traced forgery.preparation of a simulated or traced forgery.a. Authentic signaturea. Authentic signature c. standard signaturec. standard signature

b. Model signatureb. Model signature d. evidential signatured. evidential signature

19. It refers to the group of muscles which is 19. It refers to the group of muscles which is responsible for the formation of the upward responsible for the formation of the upward strokes.strokes.a. Flexor b. Cortex c. Lumbricala. Flexor b. Cortex c. Lumbrical d. extensord. extensor

20. If John Loud is known for ball-point pen, 20. If John Loud is known for ball-point pen, who is for the fountain pen?who is for the fountain pen?a. Lewis Wattermana. Lewis Watterman c. Laszlo Biroc. Laszlo Biro

b. John Parkerb. John Parker d. Lewis Parkerd. Lewis Parker

21. Is a type of writing movement that gives a great 21. Is a type of writing movement that gives a great freedom of movement. Also considered as the freedom of movement. Also considered as the most skillful type of movement.most skillful type of movement.

a. finger movement a. finger movement c. hand movement c. hand movement

b. forearm movement d. whole arm movement b. forearm movement d. whole arm movement

22. Is an irregularity in strokes characterized by 22. Is an irregularity in strokes characterized by shaky or wavering stroke which is perfectly shaky or wavering stroke which is perfectly apparent even without magnification?apparent even without magnification?

a. tremora. tremor c. tremor of illiteracyc. tremor of illiteracy

b. tremor of old ageb. tremor of old age d. tremor of fraudd. tremor of fraud

Tremor of illiteracy = due to lack of skills.Tremor of illiteracy = due to lack of skills.

Tremor of fraud = due to copying/imitationTremor of fraud = due to copying/imitation

23. A sign of forgery in guided hand signature 23. A sign of forgery in guided hand signature is;is;

a. Good pen control a. Good pen control c. Uneven alignment c. Uneven alignment

b. Disconnected stroked d. Slanting strokes b. Disconnected stroked d. Slanting strokes

Sign of genuine guided writing = abrupt change Sign of genuine guided writing = abrupt change in direction.in direction.

24. A modern pen nib which contains a 24. A modern pen nib which contains a reservoir of ink in a specially designed back reservoir of ink in a specially designed back or chamber is described as (used to prevent or chamber is described as (used to prevent forgery).forgery).a. ball point pen a. ball point pen c. pencil c. pencil b. fountain pen b. fountain pen d. fiber pen d. fiber pen

25. What is that which widens the ink strokes 25. What is that which widens the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point. point.

a. pen pressure c. shadinga. pen pressure c. shading

b. pen lifting b. pen lifting d. retouching d. retouching

Pen pressure = average/usual force applied in Pen pressure = average/usual force applied in writing.writing.

Pen emphasis = periodic increased in Pen emphasis = periodic increased in pressure/intermittently forcing the pen against pressure/intermittently forcing the pen against paper surface.paper surface.

Retouching = goes back over a defective stroke. Retouching = goes back over a defective stroke.

26. Are meant to those grace lines, superfluous 26. Are meant to those grace lines, superfluous strokes and are useful only for ornamentation strokes and are useful only for ornamentation and are not essential to the legibility of the and are not essential to the legibility of the signatures and usually occurs among writers signatures and usually occurs among writers who attempt to express some phase of their who attempt to express some phase of their personalities.personalities.

a. diacritical marks a. diacritical marks c. idiosyncrasiesc. idiosyncrasies

b. embellishments b. embellishments d. flourishing strokesd. flourishing strokes

DiacriticsDiacritics = strokes added to complete certain = strokes added to complete certain letters.letters.

27. What was done, when one retouches or 27. What was done, when one retouches or goes back over a defective portion of a goes back over a defective portion of a writing stroke?writing stroke?a. retracing a. retracing c. patching c. patching b. pressuring b. pressuring d. shading d. shading

28. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused 28. What is that interruption in a stroke, caused by sudden removal of the writing instrument by sudden removal of the writing instrument from the paper surface?from the paper surface?

a. tremor a. tremor c. retouching c. retouching

b. pen lifting b. pen lifting d. hiatusd. hiatusHiatus = obvious gap.Hiatus = obvious gap.

29. Stroke where the motion of the pen 29. Stroke where the motion of the pen precedes the beginning and continues precedes the beginning and continues beyond the end of a vanishing point and are beyond the end of a vanishing point and are found on free natural writing and as a rule found on free natural writing and as a rule are important indication of genuineness.are important indication of genuineness.

a. Ending stroke a. Ending stroke c. Terminal strokec. Terminal stroke

b. Flying start and finish d. Pen movementb. Flying start and finish d. Pen movement

30. Strokes which goes back over another 30. Strokes which goes back over another writing strokes and which is slightly to occur writing strokes and which is slightly to occur due to lack of movement control. due to lack of movement control.

a. retouching a. retouching c. retracing c. retracing

b. shading b. shading d. patching d. patching

31. Is outer portion of a curve bend or crook?31. Is outer portion of a curve bend or crook?

a. humps a. humps b. staff/stem/shankb. staff/stem/shank

c. whirl c. whirl d. central partd. central part

Whirl = long upward strokes.Whirl = long upward strokes.

Staff/stem/shank = long downward strokes.Staff/stem/shank = long downward strokes.

Central part = the body of the letter.Central part = the body of the letter.

32. What is that introductory up and down 32. What is that introductory up and down stroke found in almost all capital letters.stroke found in almost all capital letters.

a. hitch a. hitch c. beard c. beard

b. humps b. humps d. buckle knotd. buckle knot

Hitch – introductory backward stroke.Hitch – introductory backward stroke.

33. Forged signature made by free hand 33. Forged signature made by free hand movement and constant practice is called:movement and constant practice is called:

a. Traced forgerya. Traced forgery c. Simulated forgery c. Simulated forgery

b. Simple forgery b. Simple forgery d. spurious signature d. spurious signature

34. A traced forgery of signature is not really a 34. A traced forgery of signature is not really a writing but a, writing but a,

a. Retouching a. Retouching c. Drawingc. Drawing

b. Patching b. Patching d. tremor of fraudd. tremor of fraud

35. What type of forgery is made when the 35. What type of forgery is made when the writer’s exerts no effort to effect writer’s exerts no effort to effect resemblance or facsimile between the resemblance or facsimile between the forged and the genuine signatures?forged and the genuine signatures?

a. simple a. simple c. simulated c. simulated

b. traced b. traced d. spurious d. spurious

36. A type of forgery which involves fraudulent 36. A type of forgery which involves fraudulent signature executed by actually following the signature executed by actually following the outline of a genuine signature with a writing outline of a genuine signature with a writing instrument?instrument?

a. carbon outline process a. carbon outline process c. lasered c. lasered

b. indention process b. indention process d. tracedd. traced

37. As a rule, it is easier to determine whether 37. As a rule, it is easier to determine whether or not a signature is forgery, but it is very or not a signature is forgery, but it is very difficult on the other hand to established who difficult on the other hand to established who committed the forgery because:committed the forgery because:

a. the forger might be a left handed a. the forger might be a left handed

b. imitation is one of the most effective means b. imitation is one of the most effective means to disguise one’s handwriting to disguise one’s handwriting

c. it might be a traced forgery c. it might be a traced forgery

d. there should be no sufficient standard d. there should be no sufficient standard available available

38. Philippine Paper bills are printed in what 38. Philippine Paper bills are printed in what process.process.

a. Letter processa. Letter process

b. Intaglio process b. Intaglio process

c. Off-set process c. Off-set process

d. Lithographic processd. Lithographic process

e. All of the above e. All of the above

39. Paper, which has been treated in such a 39. Paper, which has been treated in such a way as to minimize the change of a way as to minimize the change of a successful forgery by erasure, whether successful forgery by erasure, whether mechanical or chemical, being carried out mechanical or chemical, being carried out on any document of which it forms the basis on any document of which it forms the basis called.called.

a. Chemical paper a. Chemical paper

b. Safety paper b. Safety paper

c. Tested paper c. Tested paper

d. Polyethylene coated paper d. Polyethylene coated paper

40. . What is that indelible ink whose marking 40. . What is that indelible ink whose marking substance is composed of mixture of substance is composed of mixture of aniline ink and graphite?aniline ink and graphite?a. stencil a. stencil c. nut gall ink c. nut gall ink b. printers ink b. printers ink d. copy pencild. copy pencil

41. What is the first step in the procurement of 41. What is the first step in the procurement of typewriting exemplars?typewriting exemplars?

a. procurement of the suspected typewritera. procurement of the suspected typewriter

b. acquisition of typewriting exemplarsb. acquisition of typewriting exemplars

c. study of the questioned typewriting c. study of the questioned typewriting

d. preparation of exemplarsd. preparation of exemplars

42. Is one of the most expensive instruments 42. Is one of the most expensive instruments used for examination of documents that used for examination of documents that would would show three dimensional enlargementsshow three dimensional enlargements..

a. polarizing light c. stereoscopic microscopea. polarizing light c. stereoscopic microscope

b. infra-red gadgetb. infra-red gadget d. ultra-violet light d. ultra-violet light

43. What is that type of signature which has 43. What is that type of signature which has been made in a particular date, time, place been made in a particular date, time, place and at a particular purpose of recording it.and at a particular purpose of recording it.

a. model signature a. model signature c. evidential c. evidential signature signature

b. standard signature d. guided signature b. standard signature d. guided signature

44. Is a light examination in which the source of 44. Is a light examination in which the source of illumination strikes the surface of the illumination strikes the surface of the paper from the back or at the bottom, paper from the back or at the bottom, usually designed in identification of water usually designed in identification of water markings? markings?

a. direct light a. direct light c. side lightc. side light

b. oblique light b. oblique light d. transmitted light d. transmitted light

45. An illegible form of a writing which is 45. An illegible form of a writing which is characterized by partially visible characterized by partially visible depression appearing underneath the depression appearing underneath the original writing.original writing.

a. invisible writing a. invisible writing c. indented writing c. indented writing

b. obliterated writing b. obliterated writing d. contact writing d. contact writing

46. A type of conventional typewriter in which 46. A type of conventional typewriter in which the characters are normally space 12 in the characters are normally space 12 in one horizontal one horizontal a. pica a. pica c. elitec. elite

b. proportional spacing machine b. proportional spacing machine d. computerd. computer

47. Is a typeface defect in which the letters are 47. Is a typeface defect in which the letters are printed to the right or left of its proper printed to the right or left of its proper position.position.

a. vertical mal alignment a. vertical mal alignment c. horizontal mal c. horizontal mal alignmentalignment

b. twisted letter b. twisted letter d. off-its feetd. off-its feet

48. What is that substance which is capable of 48. What is that substance which is capable of bleaching an ink.bleaching an ink.

a. Sympathetic Inka. Sympathetic Ink c. Superimposing Inkc. Superimposing Ink

b. Ink Eradicatorb. Ink Eradicator d. Invisible ink d. Invisible ink

49. Is the type of light examination best used in 49. Is the type of light examination best used in deciphering an obliterated writing and deciphering an obliterated writing and charred document.charred document.

a. Ultra violet light a. Ultra violet light c. Infra-red light c. Infra-red light

b. transmitted light b. transmitted light d. x-ray d. x-ray

50. Is a type of an abnormality/defects in typewriter that 50. Is a type of an abnormality/defects in typewriter that can easily be corrected by simply cleaning the can easily be corrected by simply cleaning the machine or replacing the ribbon. machine or replacing the ribbon.

a. temporary defecta. temporary defect c. permanent defectc. permanent defect

b. clogged type faceb. clogged type face d. actual breakage d. actual breakage

Forensic MedicineForensic Medicine

1. Is a poisonous gas which smells like a rotten egg?1. Is a poisonous gas which smells like a rotten egg?

a. H2Sa. H2S c. CO2 c. CO2

b. CO b. CO d. H2Od. H2O

CO is a poisonous gas that liberates from the CO is a poisonous gas that liberates from the unburned part of the ordinary cumbustibles.unburned part of the ordinary cumbustibles.

2. In the schematic outline on the isolation and 2. In the schematic outline on the isolation and identification of some common poisons, the identification of some common poisons, the specimen should first be:specimen should first be:

a. alkaline solution (Na(OH))a. alkaline solution (Na(OH))

b. distilled with or without stemb. distilled with or without stem

c. ether-extractedc. ether-extracted

d. mixed with chemical antidotes. d. mixed with chemical antidotes.

3. Is the normal amount of semen per ejaculation of 3. Is the normal amount of semen per ejaculation of a normal built person.a normal built person.

a. 1.5 to 3.5 cc a. 1.5 to 3.5 cc b. 2.5 to 3.5 ccb. 2.5 to 3.5 cc

c. 3.5 to 5.5 cc c. 3.5 to 5.5 cc d. 3.5 to 4.5 ccd. 3.5 to 4.5 cc

400 to 500 millions = number of average 400 to 500 millions = number of average spermatozoa per ejaculation.spermatozoa per ejaculation.

Aspermia = semen without spermatozoaAspermia = semen without spermatozoa

Oligospermia =lack of sperm countsOligospermia =lack of sperm counts

4. What is known as the reproduction of an 4. What is known as the reproduction of an impression made on soft surface by utilizing impression made on soft surface by utilizing casting materials.casting materials.

aa . dry fussion . dry fussion c. moulagec. moulage

b. metallic aides b. metallic aides d. plaster of paris d. plaster of paris

5. What will be the possible child of a man with Group 5. What will be the possible child of a man with Group A and Type M blood with woman of Group B, type A and Type M blood with woman of Group B, type N blood.N blood.

a. AB, N b. B,N a. AB, N b. B,N c. O, M d. AB, MNc. O, M d. AB, MN

Anti -A (blue) and anti –B (yellow) used for blood Anti -A (blue) and anti –B (yellow) used for blood groupinggrouping

6. What kind of a solution is used in the restoration of 6. What kind of a solution is used in the restoration of serial numbers? (Stainless steel, lead, cast iron serial numbers? (Stainless steel, lead, cast iron are examples).are examples).

a. saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate a. saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate

b. etching solutionb. etching solution

c. colloidal magnesiumc. colloidal magnesium

d. borax solutiond. borax solution

7. What is the last stage in the toxicological 7. What is the last stage in the toxicological examination?examination?

a. qualification a. qualification c. quantification c. quantification

b. multiplication b. multiplication d. division d. division

8. Person who is qualified to conduct 8. Person who is qualified to conduct toxicological examination?toxicological examination?

a. Physiciana. Physician c. forensic examiner c. forensic examiner

b. medico-legalb. medico-legal d. forensic pathologistd. forensic pathologist

9. Gun powder residue maybe determined by?9. Gun powder residue maybe determined by?

a. Takayama test a. Takayama test c. paraffin testc. paraffin test

b. Diphenylamineb. Diphenylamine d. Florence testd. Florence test

Nitrate = produced deep blue speaksNitrate = produced deep blue speaks

Nitrite = produced green speaksNitrite = produced green speaks

10. Is the chemical substance found in all cells 10. Is the chemical substance found in all cells whose composition have been passed on whose composition have been passed on from parents to their children.from parents to their children.

a. RNA a. RNA b. DNAb. DNA

c. Genotype c. Genotype d. Phenotype d. Phenotype

11.To confirm the presence of blood we look 11.To confirm the presence of blood we look for?for?

a. white crystallinea. white crystalline

b. Salmon pink, haemochromogenb. Salmon pink, haemochromogen

c. white cloudy precipitatec. white cloudy precipitate

d. Dark brown rhomboid crystalsd. Dark brown rhomboid crystals

12. It is a biological test for blood?12. It is a biological test for blood?

a. benzidine testa. benzidine test c. takayama testc. takayama test

b. blood grouping/typingb. blood grouping/typing d. precipitin testd. precipitin test

Bezidine = preliminary test for blood (deep blue)Bezidine = preliminary test for blood (deep blue)

Takayama = confirmatory test (micro-chemical) Takayama = confirmatory test (micro-chemical)

13. 11. A mercury fulminate is as example of 13. 11. A mercury fulminate is as example of what explosive?what explosive?

a. Lowa. Low c. highc. high

b. primary b. primary d. Noned. None

14. What is the principal active component of 14. What is the principal active component of opium which comes in white crystalline opium which comes in white crystalline

powder and light tablets.powder and light tablets.

a. heroin a. heroin b. Morphineb. Morphine

c. cocaine c. cocaine d. shabu d. shabu

Opium poppy –morphineOpium poppy –morphine

-- codeine-- codeine

-- heroin-- heroin

15. Types of drugs that relieves pain and often 15. Types of drugs that relieves pain and often induce sleep.induce sleep.

a. narcotics a. narcotics b. Stimulantsb. Stimulants

c. sedatives c. sedatives d. neurotics d. neurotics

16. A preliminary test in blood in a solution of 1 to 16. A preliminary test in blood in a solution of 1 to 300,000 dilution is:300,000 dilution is:

a. Benzidine a. Benzidine c. guiacumc. guiacum

b. Phenolphthalein d. leucomalachine Greenb. Phenolphthalein d. leucomalachine Green

Phenolphthalein = reddish pink result (1:80,000) Phenolphthalein = reddish pink result (1:80,000)

17. __________are drugs which affects sensation, 17. __________are drugs which affects sensation, thinking, self awareness and emotion. It thinking, self awareness and emotion. It may be mild or overwhelming depending may be mild or overwhelming depending on dose and quality of drugs.on dose and quality of drugs.

a. Narcotics a. Narcotics b. Hallucinogensb. Hallucinogensc. sedatives c. sedatives d. stimulants d. stimulants

18. Which one is not included in street name of 18. Which one is not included in street name of MARIJUANA?MARIJUANA?a. Mary Jane a. Mary Jane c. Browniesc. Browniesb. snowb. snow d. Flowerd. Flower

THC- Tetrahydrocannabinol = the active THC- Tetrahydrocannabinol = the active component of marijuana responsible for its component of marijuana responsible for its hallucinogenic effect.hallucinogenic effect.

19. The center core of a strand of the hair, which 19. The center core of a strand of the hair, which form the bulk of the fiber.form the bulk of the fiber.

a. cuticle b. Cortex c. medulla d. Shalfa. cuticle b. Cortex c. medulla d. Shalf

20. The cuticle of the animal hair is:20. The cuticle of the animal hair is:

a. roundeda. rounded c. oblongc. oblong

b. serratedb. serrated d. circulard. circular

21. It is the ratio between the width of the 21. It is the ratio between the width of the medulla and the width of the whole hair?medulla and the width of the whole hair?

a. medulary indexa. medulary index c. medulac. medula

b. medulary ratiob. medulary ratio d. medula radiusd. medula radius

22. In 1858, who published the first textbook in 22. In 1858, who published the first textbook in legal medicine?legal medicine?

a. Dr. Rafael Genard y Masa. Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas

b. Dr. Sixto delos Angeles b. Dr. Sixto delos Angeles

c. Dr. Gregorio T. Lantin c. Dr. Gregorio T. Lantin

d. Dr. Mariano Lara d. Dr. Mariano Lara

23. A gait similar to that of a duck is?23. A gait similar to that of a duck is?

a. paretic a. paretic c. spasticc. spastic

b. waddlingb. waddling d. cow’sd. cow’s

24. On what months of the fetus life the Hair of 24. On what months of the fetus life the Hair of eyebrow and eye-lashes begin to appear?eyebrow and eye-lashes begin to appear?

a. 4a. 4 thth months months c. 3c. 3rdrd months months

b. 5b. 5 thth months months d. 6d. 6 thth months months

33rdrd = nails begins to appear. = nails begins to appear.

44 thth = hair on the head starts to grow. = hair on the head starts to grow.

55 thth = Nails are distinct. Skin shows sebaceous = Nails are distinct. Skin shows sebaceous secretion. Dental gum appears at the secretion. Dental gum appears at the mandible.mandible.

25. It is a complete and persistent cessation of 25. It is a complete and persistent cessation of vital reactions such as respiration, circulation vital reactions such as respiration, circulation and almost all brain functions.and almost all brain functions.

a. death a. death c. apparent death c. apparent death

b. somatic death b. somatic death d. mollecular deathd. mollecular death

26. Which of the following is a more conclusive 26. Which of the following is a more conclusive sign of death–sign of death–

a. cessation of respirationa. cessation of respiration

b. cooling of the bodyb. cooling of the body

c. cessation of heart function and circulation c. cessation of heart function and circulation

d. heating of the body d. heating of the body

27. It is a change of the color of the body after 27. It is a change of the color of the body after death when blood accumulates in the death when blood accumulates in the dependent portion of the body.dependent portion of the body.

a. Rigor mortisa. Rigor mortis c. livor mortis c. livor mortis

b. algor mortis b. algor mortis d. none of the aboved. none of the above

28. Molecular death is a kind of death where:28. Molecular death is a kind of death where:

a. there is loss of life of the individual cells of the a. there is loss of life of the individual cells of the body body

b. It occurs immediately after death b. It occurs immediately after death

c. It is usually pronounced by the physician c. It is usually pronounced by the physician

d. There is a transient loss of vital functions of d. There is a transient loss of vital functions of the bodythe body

29. The elements of violent death are the following 29. The elements of violent death are the following EXCEPT one.EXCEPT one.a. That the victim at the time the injuries were a. That the victim at the time the injuries were inflicted was in normal health inflicted was in normal health b. That death maybe expected from physical b. That death maybe expected from physical injuries injuries c. That death ensued within a reasonable time c. That death ensued within a reasonable time d. That death ensued from a lingering illnessd. That death ensued from a lingering illness

30. X and Y are husband and wife, X has a mistress, 30. X and Y are husband and wife, X has a mistress, Miss W, to whom he has a son (C ), a 2 years old Miss W, to whom he has a son (C ), a 2 years old baby. What kind of death is involved if X killed his baby. What kind of death is involved if X killed his illegitimate child (C).illegitimate child (C).a. Homicidal deatha. Homicidal death c. Murder c. Murder b. Parricidal death b. Parricidal death d. Infanticidal death d. Infanticidal death

31. What if it is Y who killed (C)?31. What if it is Y who killed (C)?

a. Homicidal deatha. Homicidal death c. Murder c. Murder

b. Parricidal death b. Parricidal death d. Infanticidal deathd. Infanticidal death

32. The sum total of all reaction of tissues or 32. The sum total of all reaction of tissues or organs for which the activities of the living organs for which the activities of the living cells are necessary.cells are necessary.

a. physical reaction a. physical reaction c. chemical reaction c. chemical reaction

b. vital reaction b. vital reaction d. inflammation d. inflammation

33. Is the breaking down of the complex proteins 33. Is the breaking down of the complex proteins into simpler component associated with the into simpler component associated with the evolution of foul smelling gases and evolution of foul smelling gases and accompanied by the change of color of the body accompanied by the change of color of the body

a. putrefaction a. putrefaction c. maceration c. maceration

b. auto digestion b. auto digestion d. saponification d. saponification

34. What is a waxy substance derived from the 34. What is a waxy substance derived from the body fat and is caused by hydrolysis and body fat and is caused by hydrolysis and hydrogenation of adipose tissue.hydrogenation of adipose tissue.

a. adipocerea. adipocere c. saponification c. saponification

b. lipob. lipo d. none of these d. none of these

35. Deaths due to injuries inflicted in the body by 35. Deaths due to injuries inflicted in the body by some forms of outside force.some forms of outside force.

a. violent death a. violent death c. sudden death c. sudden death

b. natural death b. natural death d. none of thesed. none of these

36. It is the rise of temperature of the body after 36. It is the rise of temperature of the body after death due to rapid and early putrefactive death due to rapid and early putrefactive changes or some internal changes. It is usually changes or some internal changes. It is usually observed in the first two hours of death observed in the first two hours of death

a. post mortem caloricitya. post mortem caloricity c. algor mortisc. algor mortis

b. heat stiffeningb. heat stiffening d. rigor mortisd. rigor mortis

37. The act or practice of killing or bringing 37. The act or practice of killing or bringing about the death of a person who suffers from about the death of a person who suffers from incurable disease or condition.incurable disease or condition.

a. Euthanasia a. Euthanasia c. pathological death c. pathological death

b. suicide b. suicide d. none of these d. none of these

38. The following judicial executions were 38. The following judicial executions were exercised in the Philippines except.exercised in the Philippines except.

a. judicial hanging a. judicial hanging c. electrocution c. electrocution

b. musketryb. musketry d. lethal injection d. lethal injection

39. If post-mortem rigidity would suggest 39. If post-mortem rigidity would suggest approximate time of death, Cadaveric spasm approximate time of death, Cadaveric spasm will suggest _____?will suggest _____?

a. duration of death a. duration of death c. age of the victim c. age of the victim

b. cause of death b. cause of death d. none of the above d. none of the above

40. Stage of muscular change, which occurs 3-6 40. Stage of muscular change, which occurs 3-6 hours after death characteristics by stiffening hours after death characteristics by stiffening of the muscles.of the muscles.

a. livor mortis a. livor mortis c. secondary flascidity c. secondary flascidity

b. algor mortis b. algor mortis d. post-mortem rigidityd. post-mortem rigidity

41. Post mortem lividity or livor mortes is a very good 41. Post mortem lividity or livor mortes is a very good basis for determining the basis for determining the

a. time of deatha. time of death

b. relative position of the assailantb. relative position of the assailant

c. position maintained by the body after death c. position maintained by the body after death

d. cause of death d. cause of death

42. The following are muscle changes after death 42. The following are muscle changes after death except:except:

a. primary flascidity a. primary flascidity c. rigor mortis c. rigor mortis

b. secondary flascidity b. secondary flascidity d. post-mortem lividity d. post-mortem lividity

43. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of the body, 43. Rigor mortis is the stiffening of the body, which is always to occur in case of death. which is always to occur in case of death. What is that condition characterized by What is that condition characterized by spontaneous stiffening of certain group of spontaneous stiffening of certain group of muscles.muscles.

a. heat stiffeninga. heat stiffening c. cold stiffening c. cold stiffening

b. livor mortisb. livor mortis d. cadaveric spasmd. cadaveric spasm

44. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the 44. Pulverization of the body into ashes with the use of intense fire___use of intense fire___

a. charring a. charring c. exhumation c. exhumation

b. cremation b. cremation d. baking d. baking

45. A muscular change characterized by the softness 45. A muscular change characterized by the softness of the muscles and no longer responds to of the muscles and no longer responds to mechanical or electrical stimulus due to dissolution mechanical or electrical stimulus due to dissolution of protein.of protein.

a. Primary flacciditya. Primary flaccidity

b. Post mortem rigidityb. Post mortem rigidity

c. stage of secondary flaccidityc. stage of secondary flaccidity

d. Putrefactiond. Putrefaction

e. decompositione. decomposition

46. Moggots are seen in dead bodies 46. Moggots are seen in dead bodies particularly in warm countries within how particularly in warm countries within how many days from death.many days from death.

aa . l day. l day c. 3 days c. 3 days

b. 2 days b. 2 days d. 4 days d. 4 days

47. Livor mortis or post mortem lividity is 47. Livor mortis or post mortem lividity is completed in how many hours after death?completed in how many hours after death?

a. 24 hours a. 24 hours c. 36 hours c. 36 hours

b. 12 hours b. 12 hours d. 48 hours d. 48 hours

48. Period of time wherein human bone will not 48. Period of time wherein human bone will not exhibit change according to Alphonse exhibit change according to Alphonse Bertillon.Bertillon.

a. 10 years a. 10 years c. 30 yearsc. 30 years

b. 20 years b. 20 years d. 40 yearsd. 40 years

49. Average time of decomposition for tropical 49. Average time of decomposition for tropical countries such as Philippines –countries such as Philippines –

a. 12 – 24 hours a. 12 – 24 hours c. 36 – 48 hours c. 36 – 48 hours

b. 24 – 48 hours b. 24 – 48 hours d. 48 – 72 hours d. 48 – 72 hours

50. A wound which resembles the shape or 50. A wound which resembles the shape or object of the instrument which caused it.object of the instrument which caused it.

a. defense wounda. defense wound

b. self inflicted woundb. self inflicted wound

c. patterned woundc. patterned wound

d. mutilated wound d. mutilated wound

51. Wound produced by a butcher’s knife.51. Wound produced by a butcher’s knife.

a. punctured wound a. punctured wound c. lacerated wound c. lacerated wound

b. hack wound b. hack wound d. incised wound d. incised wound

52. It is a formation of a soft freoble brownish 52. It is a formation of a soft freoble brownish white greasy substance in the soft tissues white greasy substance in the soft tissues after death.after death.

a. Mummification a. Mummification c. Putrefaction c. Putrefaction

b. saponification b. saponification d. decomposition d. decomposition

53. Average time for the stomach to empty its 53. Average time for the stomach to empty its contents contents

a. 2 – 3 hours a. 2 – 3 hours c. 4 – 5 hours c. 4 – 5 hours

b. 3 – 4 hours b. 3 – 4 hours d. 5 – 6 hours d. 5 – 6 hours

54. A person who is considered dead if no rate 54. A person who is considered dead if no rate of fall of body temperature is about of fall of body temperature is about

a. 10 - 15°Fa. 10 - 15°F c. 15– 20°Fc. 15– 20°F

b. 20 – 25° Fb. 20 – 25° F d. 25 – 30° Fd. 25 – 30° F

55. Period of time wherein the body would b e 55. Period of time wherein the body would b e completely skeletonized under normal completely skeletonized under normal conditions in tropical countries conditions in tropical countries

a. 1 montha. 1 month c. 6 monthsc. 6 months

b. 3 months b. 3 months d. 12 months d. 12 months

56. As a general rule, if there is no heart action 56. As a general rule, if there is no heart action for a period of ___death is regarded as for a period of ___death is regarded as certain.certain.

a. 5 minutes a. 5 minutes c. 7 minutesc. 7 minutes

b. 6 minutes b. 6 minutes d. 8 minutes d. 8 minutes

57. Stages in blood changes where blood goes 57. Stages in blood changes where blood goes to the dependent portion of the body but not to the dependent portion of the body but not yet solidify.yet solidify.

a. livor mortisa. livor mortis c. hypostatic lividityc. hypostatic lividity

b. diffusion lividityb. diffusion lividity d. cadaveric spasmd. cadaveric spasm

58. An adult has only ____bones 58. An adult has only ____bones

a. 200 a. 200 b. 202b. 202 c. 204 c. 204 d. 206d. 206

59. The following are indication of gunshot 59. The following are indication of gunshot wound of entrance.wound of entrance.

a. that the size is smaller than the exita. that the size is smaller than the exit

b. that the edge is invertedb. that the edge is inverted

c. that the shape is round or oval c. that the shape is round or oval

d. that the edge is evertedd. that the edge is everted

e. a, b, and c onlye. a, b, and c only

60. Vital reaction is/are present on the following 60. Vital reaction is/are present on the following EXCEPT:EXCEPT:

a. Ante Mortem injuries a. Ante Mortem injuries c. Stab wound over the c. Stab wound over the body body

b. fist blow over the body d. Post mortem injuriesb. fist blow over the body d. Post mortem injuries

61. It is a physical injury wherein the victim is ill – treat 61. It is a physical injury wherein the victim is ill – treat or incapacitated for work or require medical or incapacitated for work or require medical attendance for a period of one to 9 days.attendance for a period of one to 9 days.

a. slight physicala. slight physical

b. less serious physical injuryb. less serious physical injury

c. serious physical injury c. serious physical injury

d. mutilationd. mutilation

62. Stab wound is produced by62. Stab wound is produced by

a. sharp edges and sharp pointed instrument a. sharp edges and sharp pointed instrument

b. sharp edged instrumentb. sharp edged instrument

c. blunt instrument c. blunt instrument

d. Sharp pointed instrumentd. Sharp pointed instrument

sharp edge instrument = incised woundsharp edge instrument = incised wound

blunt = lacerated woundblunt = lacerated wound

rough object = abrasionrough object = abrasion

sharp pointed = punctured woundsharp pointed = punctured wound

63. Solution of the natural continuity of any 63. Solution of the natural continuity of any tissue of the living body is called tissue of the living body is called a. fracture a. fracture c. wound c. wound b. dislocation b. dislocation d. contusion d. contusion

64. Points to be considered in reporting of 64. Points to be considered in reporting of wound wound a. character of wounda. character of woundb. location of woundb. location of woundc. number of wound c. number of wound d. measurement of woundd. measurement of wounde. all of the above e. all of the above

65. A wound which is the result of instinctive 65. A wound which is the result of instinctive reaction of self protection is what special reaction of self protection is what special type of wound.type of wound.

a. defensea. defense c. offensive c. offensive

b. self inflicted wound b. self inflicted wound d. Patternedd. Patterned

66. When the head is free and mobile, a blow 66. When the head is free and mobile, a blow on the back of the head may produce on the back of the head may produce laceration in the front part of the brain. This laceration in the front part of the brain. This is what type of inury.is what type of inury.

a. direct or coup injury a. direct or coup injury c. remote c. remote

b. contre-coup injuryb. contre-coup injury d. coup-contre-d. coup-contre-coup injury coup injury

Coup injury = the wound/injury is found in the site of Coup injury = the wound/injury is found in the site of application of force.application of force.

Contre coup = opposite the siteContre coup = opposite the site

Coup-contre coup = on the site and opposite site.Coup-contre coup = on the site and opposite site.

Locus minoris = not on the site nor opposite but on Locus minoris = not on the site nor opposite but on the weak part of the body.the weak part of the body.

Extensive injury = great destruction or scatered Extensive injury = great destruction or scatered wound/injurywound/injury

66. wound which inflicted in the body which is 66. wound which inflicted in the body which is so serious that it will endanger one’s lifeso serious that it will endanger one’s life

a. non-mortal wounda. non-mortal wound c. trauma c. trauma

b. mortal wound b. mortal wound d. coup injury d. coup injury

67. In gunshot wounds, when there is evident 67. In gunshot wounds, when there is evident burning of tissues and blackening of the burning of tissues and blackening of the skin, it may be ascertained that it is a near skin, it may be ascertained that it is a near contact fire meaning that the distance of the contact fire meaning that the distance of the body to the gun is approximately.body to the gun is approximately.

a. 6 inches a. 6 inches c. 18 inches c. 18 inches

b. 12 inches b. 12 inches d. 24 inches d. 24 inches

68. A physical injury which is found at the site 68. A physical injury which is found at the site and also at the opposite of the application of and also at the opposite of the application of force force

a. extensive injurya. extensive injury c. contre-coup injury c. contre-coup injury

b. coup injury b. coup injury d. coup-contre coup d. coup-contre coup injury injury

69. When the person was stabbed by an ice-69. When the person was stabbed by an ice-pick, what wound would be exhibited.pick, what wound would be exhibited.

a. punctured wound a. punctured wound c. lacerated wound c. lacerated wound b. hack wound b. hack wound d. incised wound d. incised wound

70. DNA is found in all nucleats cells of the 70. DNA is found in all nucleats cells of the body, it is regarded as the fingerprint of life. body, it is regarded as the fingerprint of life. What does it stands for.What does it stands for.a. Deonatural acidea. Deonatural acideb. deoxyribonucleic acidb. deoxyribonucleic acidc. dynamic natural antibodyc. dynamic natural antibodyd. deocxyribonuclic acidd. deocxyribonuclic acid

71. An injury or disease which survived for a prolonged 71. An injury or disease which survived for a prolonged interval which allowed the development of interval which allowed the development of complications which becomes the cause of death.complications which becomes the cause of death.

a.a. Proximate cause of death or secondary cause of Proximate cause of death or secondary cause of death death

b.b. Immediate or primary cause of death Immediate or primary cause of death

c.c. Cardio-respiratory arrestCardio-respiratory arrest

d.d. Nocturnal death Nocturnal death

72. Their presence in the cadaver would indicate that 72. Their presence in the cadaver would indicate that death has occurred more than 24 hours hence are death has occurred more than 24 hours hence are useful to approximate the time of death.useful to approximate the time of death.

a. flies b. earthworms a. flies b. earthworms c. bees d. butterflies c. bees d. butterflies

73. A complete study of a dead body, undertaken 73. A complete study of a dead body, undertaken by a trained physician.by a trained physician.

a. Autopsy a. Autopsy c. medical examination c. medical examination

b. embalming b. embalming d. post-mortem d. post-mortem examination examination

74. In the determination of the sex of the skeleton, the 74. In the determination of the sex of the skeleton, the following bones must be studied, except.following bones must be studied, except.

a. sacrum a. sacrum c. sternumc. sternum

b. skull b. skull d. none of these d. none of these

75. What test determines cessation of 75. What test determines cessation of respiration?respiration?

a. Winslow’s testa. Winslow’s test c. Diaphanus testc. Diaphanus test

b. magnus test b. magnus test d. none of thesed. none of these

76. Legal medicine is that branch of medicine 76. Legal medicine is that branch of medicine which deals with the application of medical which deals with the application of medical knowledge to the purpose of _____.knowledge to the purpose of _____.a. law and justicea. law and justiceb. determination of cause of deathb. determination of cause of deathc. identifying the victim c. identifying the victim d. none of these d. none of these

77. Medical jurisprudence is that branch of _____which 77. Medical jurisprudence is that branch of _____which deals with the regulation and organization of deals with the regulation and organization of medical profession.medical profession.a. law a. law c. justice c. justice b. medicine b. medicine d. jurisprudence d. jurisprudence

78. The following are methods of approximating the 78. The following are methods of approximating the height of a person, except.height of a person, except.a. two times the length from the vertex of the skull a. two times the length from the vertex of the skull to the coccyx.to the coccyx.b. Two times the length of one arm plus 12 inches b. Two times the length of one arm plus 12 inches for the clavicle and 1.5 inches for the sternumfor the clavicle and 1.5 inches for the sternumc. The distance between the tips of the middle c. The distance between the tips of the middle fingers of both hands with the arms extended fingers of both hands with the arms extended laterally.laterally.d. None of thesed. None of these

79. Refers to the stiffening of the muscles due to the 79. Refers to the stiffening of the muscles due to the sohdification the body is exposed to freezing sohdification the body is exposed to freezing temperature.temperature.

a. cold stiffening a. cold stiffening c. froze stiffening c. froze stiffening

b. iced stiffening b. iced stiffening d. none of thesed. none of these

80. The following are important of cadaveric lividity, 80. The following are important of cadaveric lividity, EXCEPT.EXCEPT.

a. sign of death a. sign of death

b. determines whether the position of the body has b. determines whether the position of the body has been changed been changed

c. may indicate the cause of deathc. may indicate the cause of death

d. none of these d. none of these

81. EXCEPT one, the following are characteristics of 81. EXCEPT one, the following are characteristics of cadaveric spasm cadaveric spasm

a. a natural phenomena which occur after death a. a natural phenomena which occur after death

b. appears immediately after death b. appears immediately after death

c. involves only a group of muscles c. involves only a group of muscles

d. all of these d. all of these

82.Is a form of ligature strangulation in which the force 82.Is a form of ligature strangulation in which the force applied to the neck is derived from the gravitational applied to the neck is derived from the gravitational drag of the weight of the body? drag of the weight of the body?

a. hanging a. hanging c. lynching c. lynching

b. strangulation by ligature b. strangulation by ligature d. none of these d. none of these

83. Smothering means ________83. Smothering means ________

a. blockage of the external air-passagesa. blockage of the external air-passages

b. blockage of the upper airwaysb. blockage of the upper airways

c. deprivation of oxygen c. deprivation of oxygen

d. none of thesed. none of these

84. ______is associated with the failure of the arterial 84. ______is associated with the failure of the arterial blood to become normally saturated with oxygen.blood to become normally saturated with oxygen.

a. Anoxic deatha. Anoxic death

b. anemic anoxic deathb. anemic anoxic death

c. stagnant anoxic death c. stagnant anoxic death

d. none of these d. none of these

85. It is produced by compression of the neck 85. It is produced by compression of the neck by means of a ligature which is tightened by by means of a ligature which is tightened by a force other than the weight of the body.a force other than the weight of the body.

a. strangulation by ligature a. strangulation by ligature c. throttling c. throttling

b. hanging b. hanging d. gagging d. gagging

86. This is a form of asphyxial death whereby 86. This is a form of asphyxial death whereby the constrict force applied in the neck is the the constrict force applied in the neck is the hand.hand.

a. Throttling a. Throttling c. mugging c. mugging

b. gaggingb. gagging d. none of these d. none of these

87. According to Phopel, there are five level of 87. According to Phopel, there are five level of stiffening of the joints. What level is that where stiffening of the joints. What level is that where some stiffening allows relaxed repetitive movement some stiffening allows relaxed repetitive movement of the hands?of the hands?

a. level IV a. level IV c. level IIIc. level III

b. level II b. level II d. level Id. level I

88. Is the stiffening of certain group of muscles 88. Is the stiffening of certain group of muscles occurring at the moment of death, usually occurring at the moment of death, usually associated with violent death due to extreme associated with violent death due to extreme nervous tension, or even fatigue?nervous tension, or even fatigue?

a.a. heat stiffening heat stiffening c. cadaveric spasmc. cadaveric spasm

b. Rigor mortis b. Rigor mortis d. cold stiffening d. cold stiffening

89. What is the other name for cells clump?89. What is the other name for cells clump?

a. overlapping a. overlapping c. clumpingc. clumping

b. agglutinate b. agglutinate d. constipation d. constipation

90. What kinds of skin is dry, and dead, peeled 90. What kinds of skin is dry, and dead, peeled away from the surface skin?away from the surface skin?

a. slight skin a. slight skin c. incipient ridgec. incipient ridge

b. burned skin b. burned skin d. scarf skin d. scarf skin

91. Rigor mortis is very important in determining the 91. Rigor mortis is very important in determining the approximate time of death for it starts at about 2 approximate time of death for it starts at about 2 to 6 hrs and completes at ______?to 6 hrs and completes at ______?

a. 36 hrs a. 36 hrs b. 24 hrsb. 24 hrs

c. 12 hrs c. 12 hrs d. 48 hrsd. 48 hrs

92. In which instance can you get more evidence of 92. In which instance can you get more evidence of poisoning?poisoning?

a. When the victim survivea. When the victim survive

b. When the victim diedb. When the victim died

c. When the suspect was arrestedc. When the suspect was arrested

d. When the victim is aware of the poisoning d. When the victim is aware of the poisoning

93. When there is poisoning?93. When there is poisoning?

a. When the substance was introduced to the a. When the substance was introduced to the body.body.

b. When the poison combined with the food.b. When the poison combined with the food.

c. When the substance is absorbed by the body c. When the substance is absorbed by the body and act chemically.and act chemically.

d. When the substance is introduced to the body d. When the substance is introduced to the body and absorbs.and absorbs.

94. Is a pathological classification of death which is 94. Is a pathological classification of death which is characterized by increasing dypsnea.characterized by increasing dypsnea.

a. Comaa. Coma c. Syncopec. Syncope

b. Asphyxia b. Asphyxia d. Somaticd. Somatic

95. What causes the pink color of blood and 95. What causes the pink color of blood and tissue of a gunshot wound of entry?tissue of a gunshot wound of entry?

a. Carbon monoxidea. Carbon monoxide c. carbon dioxidec. carbon dioxide

b. cellulose nitriteb. cellulose nitrite d. Hydrogen disulfided. Hydrogen disulfide

96. It is a type of virginity in which a woman has 96. It is a type of virginity in which a woman has awareness and had sexual indulgence but awareness and had sexual indulgence but the hymen is considered in tactthe hymen is considered in tact

a. Virgo Intactaa. Virgo Intacta c. Moral Virginityc. Moral Virginity

b. Demi Virginb. Demi Virgin d. Physical Virginityd. Physical Virginity

97. Which of the following is a potential 97. Which of the following is a potential biological agent?biological agent?

a. Viagraa. Viagra c. Antraxc. Antrax

b. Hydrogenb. Hydrogen d. Smallpox d. Smallpox