cricos no. 00213j factors influencing perceived risk by french and australian cyclists and drivers...
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CRICOS No. 00213J
Factors influencing perceived risk by French and Australian cyclists and drivers
Nadine Chaurand, Wanda Griffin, Narelle Haworth & Patricia Delhomme
Presentation to International Conference of Applied Psychology, Paris, July 2014
Background
• Governments promoting cycling for health and transport• High level of perceived risk is a barrier to cycling in traffic• Discrepancies in perceived risk may contribute to
dangers in interactions between cyclists and drivers• Cycling is more common in France than Australia,
particularly among women• Does this reflect cross-cultural differences in perceived
risk?
CRICOS No. 00213J
Perceived control/
responsibility
Type of vehicle operated
Type of interacting
vehiclePast violations
Type of situation
Level of experience
PerceivedRisk
Perceived skill
Gender
Online surveys
• Cyclist and driver surveys in Paris (Chaurand and
Delhomme, 2013) • Translated into English, adapted for LHS driving• Single survey in Brisbane, Australia• Inclusion criteria
– Driver’s licence– “Cyclist” if rode (for transport) more than once a week – “Driver” if rode (to work) once a week or less
• Measured experience, frequency of committing violations, perceived skill
Perceived risk in six situations involving road rule violation
1. Failing to yield when required to at a cross intersection
2. Tailgating a vehicle that has to stop suddenly
3. Going through a red light
4. Failing to indicate when turning into a driveway
5. Crossing into the opposite lane when turning (swerving)
6. Not checking traffic when turning left (FR) / right (AUS) at an intersection
• 3 responsibility configurations– Another rider/car driver– Opposite vehicle type– “you”
Participant characteristics
France Australia
Cyclist N=336 N=444
Female 29%^ 32%
Mean age 45 45
Riding frequency 5.5 days/week 4-6 times/week
Driver N=92 N=151
Female 30%^ 63%
Mean age 43 48
Driving frequency 4-6 times/week 4-6 times/week
CRICOS No. 00213J
Perceived control/
responsibility
Type of vehicle operated
Type of interacting
vehiclePast violations
Type of situation
Level of experience
PerceivedRisk
Perceived skill
Gender
French-Australian similarities
• Tailgating was most risky and not signalling was least risky
• Drivers in both studies recorded higher perceived risk than cyclists
• In French study, perceived incompetence affected risk ratings, but in Australian study it was also affected by perceived control
Risk ratings by user type and interacting vehicle type
Car Bike0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
France Cyclist
Driver
Car Bike0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
AustraliaCyclist
Driver
Effect of responsibility for violation
You Another0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
AustraliaCyclist
Driver
You Another0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
FranceCyclist
Driver
Gender differences
Cyclist Driver0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Australia
FemaleMale
Cyclist Driver0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
France
FemaleMale
Summary of French-Australian comparisons
• French cyclists and drivers had lower perceived risk than Australians– most evident in lowest ratings by French cyclists in
interactions with bikes
• Most of the factors affecting perceived risk were similar across countries– higher perceived risk for females overall in Australia,
but only for cyclists in France– perceived risk decreased with weekly time in Australia
but not France
Study limitations
• Risk ratings given sitting at computer, not in real interaction
• Potential for social desirability in reporting violations
• Cyclists rode a lot and findings may not generalise to less regular riders
• Some comparisons between Australia and France complicated by different sample mixes
General conclusions
• Perceived risk is affected by a range of situational and psychosocial factors
• Being responsible for current violation doesn’t lead to lower perceived risk (nor does past history of the violation)
• Extent of increased risk perceived by females is not cycling-specific but may be more important for cycling
• Lower levels of cycling in Australia than France are reflected in higher risk ratings
CRICOS No. 00213J
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