Creative Communication Creative Communication using computer aided using computer aided

presentationspresentations

Norman ScholfieldQueens UniversityBelfastUK

• make clear scientific communications• show how audiences can be guided through a

presentation • use graphics and animations to efficiently transfer

information to a large audience• know the facilities provided by computer based

visual presentations and how to exploit them

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ObjectivesObjectives

At the end of this lecture you should be able to:

Scientific communicationScientific communication

• Clear and precise descriptions

• Not easy - difficult for English speakers too

• Scientific English not normal English

• Scientific words - similar in all languages

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ConclusionThe succession of

transabdominal sex identification interpretation is needs :

- professional skilled and acknowledge .

- size and feature of sample

- breeding season

- transducer resolution Next slide

The success of sex identification using trans-abdominal ultrasound depends on:

- professional skill and knowledge

- sample size and type

- breeding season

- transducer resolution

Methods in presenting informationMethods in presenting information

Language and textEasy to construct a presentation

GraphicsEasy to understand complex ideasEasier to present if language skills poorEasier to follow if words inaudible

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Decide on the messageDecide on the message

What message should the viewer to take away?Should be remembered the next day at least.Your are advertising your work

Focus the presentation around thisDo not try to present too much material

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How to present the informationHow to present the information

Assume that your viewer is lazy

Ideas easier to convey through graphicsHelps if language poor

Text should be used to fortify the graphics, summarise data and explain basic concepts

Everything you say should be supported by visualshelps in language barrier

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What information to presentWhat information to present

Information to audience• Main message (long term memory)• Information validating (supporting) main message

(short term memory)

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Sequence of presentationSequence of presentation

• Title, who you are and affiliation (institute address)

• Introduction (short and clear) leading to:Aims and objectives

• Methods (enough to understand results)

• Results (convince the audience they are valid)

• Discussion (precise and relevant link to current knowledge)

• Conclusions (link to objectives)Next slide

The talkThe talk• International English

• Speak loudly and clearly

• Everything you say must be supported by the visuals• Helps you• Keeps the audience focused

• While speaking you are:• helping to guide the audience• expanding and clarifying details• controlling the focus of the audience

You are the boss!If you loose the audience you are no longer the boss

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Advantages of computer aided presentations Advantages of computer aided presentations (PowerPoint)(PowerPoint)

• Static information (no advantage over slides)

• Appearance of items in sequence (movement alerts visual system)

• Construct graphics

• Embedding graphs, images, videos

• Creating animations to illustrate sequences of events or ideas

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Mode of presentationMode of presentation

• Use your presentation as a cue

Never read out

from prepared paper notes or

from the displayed slide• Operate computer yourself (you have complete

control)• May use mouse as pointer (if big)• Keep slides simple and limit information• Limit to 6-15 slides for 10 min (depends on

information in each slide)• Use steady pace (rushing is for the nervous)

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Testing the presentationTesting the presentation

• Ask another person to assess your presentation• find someone who is nasty

• Rehearse the presentation• have real audience• use the actual presentation room and computer if

possible• check timing• gives you confidence• do not try to memorise it

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Constructing the presentationConstructing the presentation

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Results

Difference of c reatine kinase

level

Mean differenc

e

p- value

After exercise – Beforeexercise

637.(Differenc

e 1)

033.

Effect of vitamin E Supplementation :

After exercise – Befor eexercise

250.(Differenc

e 2)

056.

Difference 2 – Differen 1ce

- 387 057.Next slide

Bacteriologic culturesBacteriologic cultures

1 g1 g of fecal material of fecal material

RVRV broth broth

Incubate 42 0c 24 hrs

RVRV broth broth

Incubate 42 0c 24 hrs

XLD XLD BPLSBPLS IncubateIncubatedd 37 37 oocc IIncubate 37 ncubate 37 ooc 24 c 24 hrshrs

24 24 hrshrs

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RVRV brothbroth RVRV brothbroth

TextText

Maintain a basic font style and size throughout

Have short phrases with:subtitles,

• bullets or 1. numbers

Avoid long sentences

Text - clearly seen from back of room-use a font size of 20-36 point

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This is not clear textThis is not clear text

This is moderately clear

But this is clearerBut this is clearer But not when smallBut not when small

Blue clear here

But this is harder to see

Text stylesText styles

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This is not clear textThis is not clear textThis is clear Shadow lost hereShadow lost hereBut this colour combination is difficult to

readbut red works here

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• Beware of a graded background

• It can start off clear

•But then provide poor clarity at the other extreme

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•Beware of a medium intensity or bright backgrounds

•Because neither light

•or dark coloured text stand out

•The background should be subtle

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Font styles

This is Arial which is good down to small sizes

This is times roman which is less clear small or large

Avoid gimmick fontsof any type

Tahoma, Sans serif, Franklin Gothic are also good

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Font styles

To highlight key words or titles use:

• Bold

• Italics

• or larger fonts for titles

• or a colour to highlight (but not to the distraction of other text)

• Avoid underlining and

•CAPITALS WHICH MAKES TEXT HARDER TO SCAN READ

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And avoid textures to the background

Which make the clearest of fonts confusing to read

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Microsoft templates mostly rubbish

Reduces amount of space

Less flexibility

May cause visual confusion

Make your own - keep simple

Templates

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Template can be used for corporate identity

Include titles

Template ensures consistent

background

font style and size

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Templates

GraphicsGraphicsfrom internet

Definition usually poorValidity suspect

from booksDepends on scannerLabelling usually too smallToo much detailStatic

Therefore construct your ownSimple line drawings showing only relevant detailsWell labelledCareful use of color Save memory

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Histamine

H2R

AchR(M)

AchR(M)

Vagal axonsParasymp

Parietal cell

Prostaglandin

Gastrin

Ent

ero-

chro

maf

fin

cell

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Regulation of acid secretion

Too much info here

Problems of using static textProblems of using static text

Viewer's attention will wonder to other items

Need a pointer to high-light current item

Only the pointer provides visual stimulation

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Using motionUsing motion

Fly in from side

Zoom in

or fly in from bottomor wipe in from the side

or use a gimmick - but only once

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Constructing more complex animationsConstructing more complex animations

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Constructing more complex animationsConstructing more complex animations

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In the same way that text can "wipe in"same for graphics

Progesterone

Oestrogen

The menstrual cycle

Levels

in

b

lood

0 7 14 21 28 days

Ovulation

Very slow appearance canbe used to talk through

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Summation

Action potential

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Musclemembrane potential

Muscle

tension

20 msec

Summation of contraction in skeletal muscle

Motion pathsMotion paths

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To move an object over screen

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Muscle tension

Why no labelling here?

K+

Gastric Lumen

Plasma side

H2O +H+

H2CO3

HCO3-

+

CO2

Cl-

Parietal cell

Anion exchange pump

Proton pump

AT

P

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Changing the appearance of objectsChanging the appearance of objects

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This is a gimmick - do not use

Histamine

H2R

AchR(M)

AchR(M)

Vagal axonsParasymp

Parietal cell

Prostaglandin (inhibits)

Gastrin (stimulates)

Ent

ero-

chro

maf

fin

cell

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H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

Video clipsMake sure that the video driver is present

Use to highlight important points

Unity

Use neutral or soft colors

Try different shades of same color

Otherwise create visual confusion

Use of colourUse of colour

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Material&Methods

98 cows

Treatment group57 cows

The second group26 cows

The first group31 cows

Control group

41 cows

Material & methodsMaterial & methods

Total cows(98)

Anti-depressant

treated (57)

Sham injected

cows (41)

Prozac (31)

Seroxat (26)

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The body condition score chart from Edmoson et al. J Dairy Sci 1989;72:68-78.

Detection of antibody Detection of antibody titer to titer to

Burkholderia Burkholderia pseudomalleipseudomallei infection infection in the Asian elephants in the Asian elephants ((Elephas maximusElephas maximus) in ) in Lampang Province by Lampang Province by

Indirect Indirect Hemagglutination test Hemagglutination test

(IHA)(IHA)

Detection of antibody Detection of antibody titer to titer to

Burkholderia Burkholderia pseudomalleipseudomallei infection infection in the Asian elephants in the Asian elephants ((Elephas maximusElephas maximus) in ) in Lampang Province by Lampang Province by

Indirect Indirect Hemagglutination test Hemagglutination test

(IHA)(IHA)Roschong Boonyarittichaikij* Pussorn

Kumjun* Warut Wongkalasin** Chuleeporn Saksangawong*** Tulyawat

Suttiphaet** Sitthidej Mahasawangkul**** Taweepoke Angkawanich**** Sarun

Chansittivej****Elephant and wildlife clinic, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Chiang Mai University

Color (greens and yellows)

Screen resolution

Video drivers

A picture may not embed into presentation file (only a link)

- check the projected images

What you see on your computer may not be seen by the audience

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Objective of the study

To compare of bacterial culture of

S. pyogenes, S. aureus, M. bovis, and

N. gonorrhoeae between horses with normal

conjunctiva and horses with conjunctivitis

Objectives

To compare bacterial cultures of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, M. bovis and N. gonorrhoeae from horses with and without conjunctivitis

Primary culture

Sample

Pure culture

REFERENCES 1. นี�โลบล เนี��องตั�นี. บรรณาธิ�การ. ชี�วเคมี� 1 . พิ�มพิ�คร��งที่�� 5 .กร�งเที่พิ: บางกอกบล�อก, 2542. analysis of changes in serum creatine kinase .J Appl Physiol .1988; 65: 2598 2. ศิ�ร�วรรณ สุ�ธิที่จิ�ตัตั�. วตามีน อาหาร ผลิตภั�ณฑ์�เสรมีอาหาร ยา เคร��องส�าอาง. เชี�ยงใหม# : คณะเภสุ�ที่ศิาสุตัร� มหาว�ที่ยาล�ยเชี�ยงใหม#, 2545. 3. Apple F.S., Rhodes M., Enzymatic estimation of skeletal muscle damage by 4. Aguillo A., TAuler P., Gimeno I., et al. Changes in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme during prolonged submaximal exercise. Biofactor. 2000; 11: 27-30. 5. Baskin S.I., Selem H. Oxidant, antioxidants, and free radical .1st ed. U.S.A. : Taylor & Francis, 1997. 6. Chiaradia E., Avellini L., Rueca F., et al. Physical exercise, oxidant stress and

Muscle damage in racehorses. Comparative Biochemistry and physiology part B. 1998; 119 : 833- 836. 7. Despopoulos A., Silbernagl S. Color atlas of physiology. 5th ed. New York : Thieme verleg , 2001. 8. Harper H.A. Review of physiological chemistry. 1st ed. Canada: large medical publications, 1973. 9. Helghim I., Hetland O., Nilsson S., et al. The effect of vitamin E on serum enzyme levels following heavy exercise. Eur J appl Physiol. 1999; 40: 283. 10. Jakeman P., Maxwell S. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle function after eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993; 67: 426.

• Organise information to be presented

• Use scientific English

• Control/guide the audience using

text/graphics

sequenced appearance of information

speech

• Simple graphical presentations most efficient

• Powerpoint also used to

construct graphics,

animations

timing presentation

Summary

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• Examples taken from previous years

• But experienced and famous researchers often make similar errors

Post script

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This PowerPoint presentation will be

available for your use

The end

Question time ????

How are you going to deliver the message?How are you going to deliver the message?

The central theme is the message and evidence supporting the message

Outline your objectives at the start.

Describe the problem and show how you will solve it.

Main body of poster

Conclusion with reference to objectives