Topic:Creation Of Pakistan

Presented By:Muhammad Arslan

BsCs-2nd Sem

Pakistan Movement: The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan 

was a political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India.

The movement progressed within India alongside the Indian independence movement, but the Pakistan Movement sought to establish a new nation-state that protected the religious identity and political interests of Muslims in South Asia.

Two nation theory:

The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement, and the partition of India in 1947.

The ideology that religion is the main factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims was used by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He called it 'the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan'.

Role of Quaid-E-Azam Jinnah, whose true political career started from when he joined

Muslim League in 1913,became politically a well known figure by the episode of Lakhnow Pact (1916) when he was coined as an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity but the events ensuing gave a new shape to the drama of politics in India.

The slogan of Hindu-Muslim unity proved short lived. The failure of khilafat Movement and the Nehru Report classified the Muslims minds from the illusion of Hindu-Muslim unity.

But Jinnah who interposed his person by the dint of his initiative and courage. He become successful in defending the Muslim cause so gallantly that evil design of Hindus could not achieve them objectives.

His Fourteen Points (1929) saved the Muslims from the octopus of the Congress.

Ideology of Pakistan and Iqbal:

Iqbal was strictly against nationalism. He considered all the Muslims to be a part of One Ummah. For him, a Muslim in any part of the world was part of a brotherly relation. He considered nationalism to be a coffin for the Muslim Umma.

Thus, highlighting the limitations and disadvantages of nationalism, Iqbal gave the philosphy of a "Millat-e-Islamia" and this philosphy became the basis of Pakistan's ideology.

Pathway to Pakistan 23 March Resolution : The idea of a separate homeland for the Muslims of

subcontinent took shape through a process of evolution. It started with the realization of the fact that the Muslims of south Asia are quite different from the Hindus and their future in a democratic India would be at stake 23rd March is observed as Pakistan Day every year.

The Muslim League held its annual session at Minto Park in Lahore, Punjab, that lasted from 22 March till 24 March 1940.

During this event, the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other Founding Fathers narrated the events regarding the differences between Hindus and Muslims, and moved the historical resolution that cemented the formation of a nation-state in South Asia as Pakistan, even though it did not actually mention Pakistan at all.

cont….

Aims and objects of creation of Pakistan:

Setting up for a free islamic country The main objective of creation of Pakistan was to

establish a free islamic society having its own identity and government, practicing its own social principles and religion and inviting the muslim world.

Establishment of Islamic democracy: Establishment of Islamic democracy islam has given

an ideal concept off democracy which is distinctively different from the western concept.

In Islam democratic system everyone is equal and no one enjoys a privileged position on the basis of his social status. One of the main objectives of the freedom movement was that the Muslims of the sub-continent wanted a country where the ideal system of Islamic democracy could be installed.

Cont…

Islam has given an ideal concept off democracy which is distinctively different from the western concept. In Islam democratic system everyone is equal and no one enjoys a privileged position on the basis of his social status.

One of the main objectives of the freedom movement was that the Muslims of the sub-continent wanted a country where the ideal system of Islamic democracy could be installed

Protection of Muslim culture and civilization: The Muslims were always a separate nation because

of their distinctive cultural values and patterns. They were easily distinguishable from other nations on

the basis of their social behaviours. The Muslim culture, civilization and literature were the

living and proud symbols of the Muslims identity as a separate and distinct nation. Although the Muslims lived with Hindus and other nations for centuries, yet they proudly main tend their separate image.

Cont

1.Hindus are the people who follow the practices and beliefs of Hinduism while Muslims are those that follow Islam.

2.Hindus believe in many gods while Muslims believe in only one God, Allah.

3.Hindus don’t eat cows while Muslims don’t eat pigs.

4.Hindus believe in rebirth or reincarnation while Muslims believe in the separation of the soul and body after death.

5.Muslims observe many religious practices like the namaz, roza, and shahadah.

Protection of Urdu language : This situation provoked the Muslims to come out in

order to protect the importance of the Urdu language.

The opposition by the Hindus towards the Urdu language made it clear to the Muslims of the region that Hindus were not ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the Muslims.

Hindus began to demand that Hindi should be made an official language in place of Urdu, and they started a movement in Banaras in which they demanded the replacement of Urdu with Hindi.

Establishment of a balanced economic system: The economic condition of the Muslims, before

partition was deplorable. The Muslims were not in a position to enter in the business and trade because of biased policy of government.

After the war of Independence of 1857, the British Government had banned Muslims entry into government service.

The Muslims also lagged behind in the field of education, the Hindus on the other hand had advanced in modern knowledge and were in a better position.

Protection of Muslim image and identity: In the United India the Muslims were dominated by

the Hindus in every social field. The Muslims were not in a position to compete with

the Hindus because of their backwardness in education and politics.

The Hindus had adopted a prejudicial attitude which blocked all channels to prosperity and progress for the Muslims.

The national image and identity of the was in great jeopardy because of the Hindu hatred and antagonism

Conclusion:

Indeed, even as late as June 1946, whatever the political forces and conditions at work the alternative path of united India was more likely and more imminent choice, and it was Jinnah alone who made the crucial decisions that led Muslim India directly to Pakistan within a year that transferred the possibility of an independent Muslim homeland into actuality. Thus Jinnah’s person was crucial and actual in the making of Pakistan.

The whole world acknowledged that had there been no Jinnah there would have been no Pakistan. And the nation rightfully acclaimed him Quaid-i-Azam- The Great Leader.

As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the subcontinent's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of the Subcontinent where there was a Muslim majority.