Creating Relevance and Reuse withTargeted Semantics

Michael C. DacontaMetadata Program ManagerNovember 16, 2004

2Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Welcome & IntroductionMichael C. Daconta

Author/co-author of 10 Technical books C, C++, Java, XML, Semantic Web

XML experience: First XML project: 1996 Wrote XML Courses: 1998 Lead for the DOD/IC Core Taxonomy Chief Architect of the DIA’s Virtual

Knowledge Base Inventor of the Fannie Mae Electronic

Mortgage Standard http://www.daconta.net

High Five! XML has won!

3Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

The Department of Homeland Security

The “Mother of all Integrations”CIO Office and CIO Council leading the

charge… Lee Holcomb, Steve Cooper Martin Smith, Ryan Cast, Lee Smith,

Sean Thrash … many others!

The Information Sharing Imperative!Metadata Center of Excellence

Expose, Standardize and Federate DHS Metadata Working Group

Presidential Orders EO 13356 and HSPD 11

We will aggressively execute this mission!

The Train has left the station! Are you on board?

4Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

An “Aggressive” AgendaModeling and the State of Things

Evolution and Revolution

Entity-based XML

XML Profile of FEA DRM

The Three R’s of Semantics

Targeted Semantics

Semantic Bootstrapping

DHS CIO Efforts

Other Efforts

The Challenge

A lot to cover so …Hang On!

5Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Modeling and the State of Things… The “Messy Reality Scale” affects

how you view modeling.My View: There are stable subsets of reality that can be

effectively modeled. We all use internal “maps”. Maps are not supposed to be reality, just

effective.

And … the need is great!

And … Hardware is still improving: GPS, cell-phones and voice recognition will

ratchet up the requirements for “real-time relevance!”

64 Bit Computing

So …

SubjectiveUnpredictable

XML is necessary but not sufficient!

ObjectiveStable

6Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Data Evolution Timeline

Age of Programs

Age of Proprietary

Data

Age of OpenData

Age of Open

Metadata

Age of SemanticModels

Program-Data

GIGO/minis/micros www / Netscape Web services OWL

Text, Office DocsDatabases

(proprietary schema)

HTML,XML

(open schema)

Namespaces,Taxonomies,

RDF

Ontologies&

Inference

1945 -1970 2000 - 20031994 - 20001970 - 1994 2003 -

ProceduralProgramming

Object-OrientedProgramming

Model-DrivenProgramming

“Data is lesslessimportant

than code”

“Data is asasimportantas code”

“Data is moremoreimportant

than code”

7Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Entity Based XMLLessons Learned:

Separate entities from transactions

Lesson: Use RDF data model to design your XML schemas.

Examples:

DDMS

Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM)

8Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Entity-Based XML(2) Biometrics Automated Toolset

Army Fielded System (i.e. Centcom)

Functions

Biometrics: Fingerprints, Iris, Facial Recognition

GUID

“Dossiers”XML Driven. Below is “entities.xml”

<ENTITIES> <ENTITY name="Person" tablename="PersonalData" XMLBaseName="FORMS" representativeFields="LNAME;FNAME;MNAME;SVCIDNO;ALERT"> <RELATIONSHIP withentity="Account" relationshipname="Related Account" tablename="Pers_Acct_Junct" entity1="Person" entity1key="PERS_GUID" entity2="Account" entity2key="ACCT_GUID"></RELATIONSHIP>…</ENTITY><!-- other entities Account, Facility, Equipment, Location, etc. … -->…</ENTITIES>

9Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

FEA DRM Structure

10Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Revised DRM Structure

Subject Context Security ContextService Context

Information Access

Data Element Description Resource Description

Subject Area

Association

Query ClassAssociation

Resource Class

AssociationData Property

Data Class

Unique Identifiers

Association

Security Class

AssociationSubject ClassAssociation

Input/OutputService Class

Who What When Where Why

Context

Information Exchange

Exchange PayloadAssociation

Exchange Class

Sharing

Description

Structured

Semi-Structured

Unstructured

11Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

XML Profile of the DRM

Subject Context Security ContextService Context

Information Access

Data Element Description Resource Description

Who What When Where Why

Context

Information ExchangeSharing

DescriptionStructured

Semi-Structured

Unstructured

XML Topic Map (XTM) Web ServiceEntry (UDDI)

IC InformationSecurity Marking

“Document” XMLSchema

FederatedQuery & RSS

DublinCore/DDMS

XML SchemaTypes

XLINK

XLINK/XPointer

XLINK

12Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

The Road to Revolution Done with Graphics Fidelity … shifting to Data Fidelity

Smart Data Continuum

“Smart” = Application Independent, Contextual and enables Inference

Relevance

Reuse

© Microsoft

13Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Revolution (2): Copernican Shift

Apps

Data

We had it all wrong…In the beginning…

Put the “smarts” in the data… watch what happens…

Apps

Apps

Apps

14Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Three R’s of SemanticsRelevance

The intersection of what the user wants and what is available.

Reuse

The repurposing of the smallest semantic chunk of content.

Relation

First-class Associations between things.

© 2003 Stanford Medical Informatics

15Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Relevance: Right Information to the Right Person at the Right Time

User Context&

Requirements

RelevanceContent

& Services

- 5W Search Axes- Taxonomy- Query- Visualization- Question/Answer- Profiles- Feedback Loop

- Entity/Associations- Class/Property- Class/Instance- Predicate/Inferences- System and Domain Metamodels

- Structured- Semi-Structured- Unstructured- Web-Services- RSS

Bottom Line: You have to model what you mean by “Right”

16Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Personal Observations on RelevanceMissing the Mark

Traveling to Las Cruces, New Mexico

Off by one in a known email address

What should have happened

Relevance should enable “What is best for me…”

Context should enable “What I mean versus What I say…” Tucson

Arizona

DenverColorado

AlbuquerqueNew Mexico

Las CrucesNew Mexico

Literal path

Optimal path

17Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Solution Set: XML

Taxonomy

Wordnet

Entity Extraction

Multiple Search Axes: Time, Geography, People, Subject…

3R’s: Reuse Problem: Reusable, Modular

ContentSemantic Chunks

Doctrine, Video, EntitiesDigital production

Workflow / Transactions

Linchpin Granularity

<topic id="topic"><title>Some topic</title><body><p><person>Joe Smith</person> is …</p></body></topic>

people

18Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

3R’s: Relation

Standard Associations Example: PartOf versus SubclassOf

Car

Sports Car SedanSUV

Corvette Mustang

Car

Engine Wheel

Transmission Carburetor

19Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Targeted Semantics Precedent:

general natural language recognition is far-off, domain-specific is here today (e.g. airline reservations)

Focus: 5W Search Axes: Who, What, When, Where, Why Entities, Associations, Events Community of Interest modeling

Go with the Stable Subset Precedent: Programming Language Features Stick with Standards

Sequence is Important Semantic Bootstrapping

20Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Semantic Bootstrapping

Shared Identity(Naming & Addressing)

Shared Metamodels(Domain & System)

Shared Business Logic(Services & Rules)

Shared Transactions(Containers & Context)

Targeted Semantics(Definitions & Scope)

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Current DHS Efforts Introduction to Metadata

Flash

DHS Taxonomy

Enterprise Metadata Registry

DHS Metadata Working Group

Core XML Schema Types

Standards Adoption Process

DHS Data Strategy

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Semantic Web Centralhttp://www.semwebcentral.org

DARPA sponsored

Tools!

Tutorials!

Resources!

23Michael C. Daconta November 16, 2004

Your Challenge

Get Positive! The only security is action!

Get Involved! Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SiCOP)

http://www.web-services.gov

Get Going!After the Semantic Web is the Pragmatic Web

Syntax

Pragmatics

Semantics