UNIT ONE Creating a Nation

“HISTORY IS A GUIDE TO NAVIGATION IN PERILOUS TIMES. HISTORY IS WHO WE ARE AND WHY WE ARE THE WAY WE ARE.”

Q1:ANALYZE THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF EUROPEAN SETTLER IN MESOAMERICA.

Earliest Americans Folsom Discoveries

George McJunkin, New Mexico J.D. Figgins What is a civilization?

Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica The Olmec and Maya

Anthropologists think first people to build civilization in America were Olmec Olmec culture emerged between 1500 and 1200 BC

near Veracruz Mexico Olmec culture lasted until 300 B.C. and ideas

spread throughout Mesoamerica influencing many different peoples

Around A.D. 200 Teotihuacan influence spread, Mayan culture emerged in Yucatan peninsula and expanded into control and southern Mexico

The Toltec and the Aztec Despite frequent were the Mayan people thrived

until 900s A.D. when their cities were abandoned for no reason in Yucatan

Mayan cities in highlands of what is today Guatemala flourished for several more centuries until 1500s

Meantime people known as Toltec began building city called Tula

A.D. 1200, Tula fell to northern invaders known as Chichimec, one group was known as the Mexica

Q2: ANALYZE THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURES OF NORTH AMERICA BEFORE EUROPEAN SETTLERS.

North American Cultures Hohokam

AD 300 in south central Arizona Elaborate canals Grew large crops of corn, beans, squash Decorative pottery

Ended around 1300’s Anasazi

AD 700 and 800 850 to 1100 Chaco Canyon Pueblo Bonito AD 1130

Adena and Hopewell 1000 BC to AD 200 Adena 100 BC to 400 AD Hopewell

Mississippian Cahokia

Q3:DIFFERENTIATE THE NATIVE AMERICAN BY REGION AT THE TIME OF THE EUROPEAN’S ARRIVAL.

North American Native Americans By Region Eastern Woodlands

Major Names Algonquian Iroquoian

Slash and burn Longhouses Wigwams Government

Southeast Choctaw , Creek, Natchez and

Chickasaw Lived in towns Hunted deer, bear, wildfowl, and

alligators War town and Peace town

Southwest Zuni, Hopi, and Pueblo Corn, Squash, Beans Kachina cult 1500s Apache and Navajo

came to region Central Plains Pacific Coast

Neotkas, Chinook, Salish, Tlingit, Haida, Kwakiutls

Range spanned southeaster Alaska to Washington state

Housing and food

Far North

Q4: DESCRIBE THE VIKING AND SPANISH EXPLORATION OF NORTH AMERICA, DISCUSSING THE IMPACT OF EUROPEANS ON NATIVE AMERICANS.

European Exploration Reasons for Exploring First European on American soil

A.D. 1001 Leif Ericsson Spain sends Columbus West

Ptolemy’s Geography Bartolommeo Dias First Voyage

Mistaken Location Later Voyages Spain Claims America

Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas

Other Explorers Juan Ponce de Leon Ferdinand Magellan Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizzaro Francisco Vasquez de Cornado

Q5: EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH SETTLEMENTS, CRITIQUING THE SUCCESS OF THE PLYMOUTH AND JAMESTOWN COLONIES

French Empire in America France Explores America

Giovanni de Verrazano Jacques Cartier

New France is Founded Life in New France

New France Expands Exploring the Mississippi River Settling Louisiana Rivalry with Spain

English Colonies in America England Takes Interest in America

Reformation Divides Europe Reformation Changes England Economic Changes in England

England Returns to America Gilbert and Raleigh Lost Colony of Roanoke Jamestown is Founded

Early troubles Tobacco Saves Colonies First Assembly Head rights Lure settlers

Plymouth Colony 1620, November-Cape Cod

Puritans Separatists Wampanoag

Q6: DIFFERENTIATE THE STRUCTURES OF THE NEW ENGLAND, MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES.

Thirteen Colonies New England

Colonies Farming Society Triangular Trade

Middle Colonies Colonies Farming Society

Southern Colonies Colonies Farming Society

Land Crisis Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion

Q8: DEFINE MERCANTILISM, EXPLAINING THE IMPACT OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS ON THE AMERICAN ECONOMY.

Mercantilism Reasons for Mercantilism Pro and Con Navigation Acts 1660 Staple Act 1663

Problems with Enforcement Dominion of New England Challenging Puritan Church

Q9: DESCRIBE HOW THE IDEAS OF THE GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT FURTHER INCREASED AMERICAN DISSENT WITH ENGLAND.

Glorious Revolution James II vs. Parliament

Catholic heir and coming of William and Mary William and Mary crowned

English Bill of Rights

Enlightenment John Locke

Two Treatises of Government Essay on Human Understanding

Jean Jacques Rousseau Social Contract

Baron de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws

Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield

Legacy

Q10: EXPLAIN HOW THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR BECAME A CATALYST FOR THE EVENTS THAT LED TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

French and Indian War Turbulent Relationship

Proclamation Act 1763 Toleration Act of 1763 Custom Duties Exports Sugar Act 1764 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act 1765

Reaction to British Taxation Sons of Liberty Stamp Act Congress Declaration of Rights and Grievances Townshend Acts 1767

• Boston Massacre• Gaspee Affair• Committees of Correspondence• Tea Acts• Boston Tea Party• Coercive Acts• First Continental Congress• Second Continental Congress• Lexington and Concord and Minute

Men• Declaration of Independence

Firing A Musket

Northern Campaign Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Boston Battle of New York

Southern Campaign Battle of Charlestown Battle of Savannah Battle of Kings Mountain Battle of Cowpens Battle of York Town

Ending of War Treaty of Paris 1783

Q11:EXPLAIN THE AMERICAN MILITARY STRATEGIES DURING THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN CAMPAIGNS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

Q12: IDENTIFY ANY THEMES FOUND IN THE NEW STATE CONSTITUTIONS, COMPARING THEM TO THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

The Young Nation New State Constitutions

Republican Ideas Spread Revolution Changes Society Weak Central Government

Articles of Confederation Pros vs. Cons

Shays Rebellion

Q13: ANALYZE THE PROBLEMS WITH THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, EXPLAINING HOW THE PROBLEMS WERE RESOLVED IN THE CONSTITUTION.

Pre-Constitutional Convention Annapolis Convention

Goals of Constitutional Convention James Madison

Debate and Compromise

Q14: CRITIQUE THE ARGUMENTS IN THE FIGHT FOR THE CONSTITUTION.

Federalists Proponents of Constitution Leaders Ideology

Anti-Federalists Opponents of Constitution Leaders Ideology

Battle States