creatine& rugby : effect on body composition
TRANSCRIPT
Creatine & Rugby : Effect on Body Composition
FAT MASS LEAN TISSUE MASS
CREATINE: 0,1 g/kg CRE + 0,7 g/kg CHO x 8 wksPLACEBO: 0,8 g/kg CHO x 8 wks
Team A Team B
Winter Break ‐ Intervention
Creatine No Intervention
Different TrendsDic vs Nov
Dic vs Nov
β‐Alanina
Beta alanina è un efficace tampone di idrogenioni aumentanto il contenuto di carnosina muscolare
4-6 g/d di beta-alanine possono influenzare : Esercizio Acuto
Riduce Fatica Aumenta la potenza Aumenta capacità di resistenza
Allenamento Incrementa Forza Incrementa Massa Magra Incrementa il Volume d’ Allenamento
Hill et al., Stout et al., Hoffman et al., Van Thienen et al.
75
Controllo della risposta infiammatoria‐ Dolore‐ rimodellamento
tissutale‐ riparo e
recupero
Sistema di supporto multiorgano ‐ cardio/vasoportettivo‐ cervello/umore‐ neuroprotezione‐ muscolo scheletrico/
ortopedia
Effetto anabolico‐ Mantenimento PKB‐
mTOR
Anticatabolico‐ Modulazione
proteolitica
Metabolismo/Wellness‐ Sensibilità
insulinemica ‐ Composizione
corporea
EPA/DHA (OLIO DI PESCE)
OMEGA-3 (APPLICAZIONE NELLO SPORT)
Ω‐3 & INTERACTIONS WITH THE ADIPOSE ORGAN
CAFFEINE
PlaceboGanoderma and
CordycepsSupplementationDHPP
«We Can Conclude that 3 Mounths of Gannodermaand Cordyceps Supplementation may protectendurance athletes from nonfunctional effects of overreaching/overtraining ….»
82
SUCCO DI BARBABIETOLAMECCANISMO DI AZIONE
Jones AM. Sports Med. 2014 May;44 Suppl 1:S35-45
83
Tempo di esaurimento esercizio massimale
84Cholewa JM et al. . Amino Acids. 2014 Aug;46(8):1785-93.
BETAINE
Subjects● Soccer top team of the Italian Soccer Serie A
Methods● Seasonal observations● D‐ROMs Test (plasma)● OXY Adsorbent Test (plasma)● T/C Ratio (plasma and saliva)
Results● No correlation between TAC and d‐ROMs● Correlation between T/C data both in plasma and saliva ● Correlation between T/C data both in plasma and saliva
with d‐ROMsConclusion
● d‐ROMs is the best marker for oxidative stress● Saliva can be used as an alternative non invasive method
to evaluate hormonal levels.
A B C
Figure 1. [A] Oxy and dROMs test data in plasma; [B] T/C ratio in plasma; [C] T/C ratio in saliva
A B C
Figure 2: in saliva [A] T/C Jul vs Oct; [B] T/C Jul vs Jan; [C] T/C Jul vs Apr
A B C
Accepted for a poster presentation at the upcoming international conference for the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) to be held on June 23th – 25th 2010 in Las Vegas, NV (USA).
Accepted for a poster presentation at the upcoming international conference for the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) to be held on June 23th – 25th 2010 in Las Vegas, NV (USA).
81,0132,0
348,0
176,0
16/7 24/10 29/1 22/4
7,9 6,9
13,1 11,5
16/7 24/10 29/1 22/4
10,3
19,126,6
15,3
16/7 24/10 29/1 22/4
33,5 47,1
117,8
55
16/7 24/10 29/1 22/4
TESTOSTER
ONE
CORT
ISOLO
T/C
IgA
Salivary test Analysis
Relationship between Testosterone and Magnesium
antioxidant capacity and the control of oxidative stress
Inadequate intracellular magnesium may reduce the mitochondrial efficiency and increase the production of ROS
The activity of anabolic hormones, where T plays a central role, is influenced by mineral status (magnesium), along with caloric and protein intake
The systemic inflammation, which negatively influences magnesium and T and is in turn down regulated by these 2 factors.
Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Endocrinology. Volume 2014, Article ID 525249, 9 pages
The change in magnesium levels inside the biological serum concentration range could lead to an enhancement of the Bio‐T.
Relationship between Testosterone and Zinc
Zinc enhances human chorionic gonadotropin‐induced production of cAMP and consequently testosterone in rat testes. Nishi Y, Hatano S, Aihara K et al (1984) Effect of zinc ion on human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated in vitro production of cAMP and testosterone by rat testis. Pediatr Res 18:232
Zinc may increase the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone in the periphery tissue. Bermudez JA, Perex‐Pasten E, Villalpando S et al (1986) Low plasma zinc and androgen in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Androl 16(2):151
Zinc interferes with the metabolism of testosterone by decreasing its hepatic clearance and reducing hepatic 5 alpha‐reductaseactivities.Grumbach MM, Coute FA (1992) Disorders of sex in differentiation. In: Wilson JD, Foster WD (eds) Williams textbook of endocrinology, 8th edn. WB Saunders Co, Philadelphia, p 853
Investigazione dell’efficienza di L. rhamnosus in combinazione con L. paracase• dosaggio 2x109CFU/die x 4 weeks • Variazioni immunitarie e forte aumento livelli plasmatici antiossidanti, • Limite: il gruppo di controllo non ha consumato nessun integratore ( no effetto placebo)
Martarelli, D., Verdenelli, M. C., Scuri, et al. 2011
Athletes and all those exposed to oxidative stress may benefit from the ability of these probiotics to increase antioxidant levels and neutralize the effects of reactive oxygen species
Probiotici
Shuler, Franklin D., et al. "Sports Health Benefits of Vitamin D." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach - (2012)
VITAMINA D E BENEFICI NELLO SPORT
Multiple musculoskeletal benefits with increases of:
- Muscle protein syntesis,- ATP concentration, - strength, - jump height, - jump velocity, - Jump power, - exercise capacity, - physical performance
Additionally increased levels of vitamin D decrease muscle protein degeneration and reverse myalgias
Objective and Subjects● To examine the vitamin D shortage and BMC
variations in Italian Serie A elite male soccer playeResults
● 25(OH)D3 significantly decreased from autumn to winter (P<0.001) while no differences were registered in other seasons comparisons (P>0.05).
● Significance reduction (p<0.05) of BMC between autumn and winterConclusion
● Necessity of supplementation at least during the winter to maintain adequate 25(OH)D3 levels in elite soccer players
● Trying to personalize the treatment
A B C
Accepted for a poster presentation at the upcoming international conference for the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) to be held on June 23th – 25th 2010 in Las Vegas, NV (USA).
Accepted for a poster presentation at the upcoming international conference for the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) to be held on June 23th – 25th 2010 in Las Vegas, NV (USA).
• A repeated‐measures design was implemented in which 46 elite professional European athletes were block randomized based on their basal 25[OH]D concentration into two treatment groups.
• Athletes received either 35,000 or 70,000 IUIwkj1 vitamin D3 for 12 wk, and 42 athletes completed the trial.
• Blood samples were collected for 18 wk to monitor the response to supplementation and withdrawal from supplementation.
SPORT INJURIES
Shindle MK et al.Vitamin D Status in a Professional American Football Team. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) 2011 Annual Meeting. 2011 Jul, San Diego. Abstract 46.
30,3 20,4
0
10
20
30
40
25(O
H) D
(ng/mL)
White Black
30,3%
50,6%
19,1%
0%
50%
100%
Normal (>32 ng/ml)
Insufficiency (20‐31,9ng/mL)
Deficient (<20 ng/mL)
24,719,9
0
10
20
30
40
50
25(O
H)D (n
g/mL)
○ Not Injured ● Injured
Soggetti E Metodi• 89 giocatori (58 di colore) • Età 25,0 ± 2,6 anni (21‐32)• Valutazione pre‐stagionale
Bassi Livelli di Vitamina D sembrano predisporre all’infortunio
Vitamina D: Predisposizione InfortunioOssa, Tendini e Legamenti
VItD3 4000 – 5000 UI/die
“Without vitamin D, the ability of the cell to respond adequately to pathologic and physiologic signals is impaired”Heaney, R.P. Vitamin D in health and disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008, 3, 1535–1541.
• Vitamin D is established as a major factor in preventing stress factors and optimizing bone health, both of which are of great importance to the athlete
• Rates of Vitamin D insufficiency in athletes vary among studies, but most researchers agree that athletes should be evaluated regarding vitamin D status and given intake recommendations to maintain optimal 25(OH)D levels >40 ng/mL.
• Not only does Vitamin D assist in growth and maintenance of the bone, but it also aids in regulation of electrolyte metabolism, protein synthesis, gene expression, and immune function
Nutrients 2013, 5, 1856‐1868;
TAKE HOME MESSAGE
102
• La Nutrizione dello Sport ha avuto nel Tempo varie «Tendenze / Evoluzioni» passando da Diete Iperglucidiche e povere in Proteine e Grassi a Diete Iperlipidiche e/o Iperproteiche
• Grande attenzione andrà posta all’Idratazione seguendo anche in criteri di personalizzazione e giusto equilibrio tra zuccheri e Sali minerali durante l’attività escludendo totalmente bevande contenti alcol prima ma anche dopo l’esercizio
• Non esiste la Dieta che fa vincere una Gara ma si deve «tendere» sempre di più ad una «Personalizzazione» dello Schema Nutrizionale basandosi su vari aspetti dal Gusto , alla Stagionalità dell’alimento ma soprattutto adattando lo Schema al Trainig / Competizione in atto
• L’utilizzo dei Supplementi e dei Nutraceutici è utile ma deve essere basato su una attenta valutazione dell’obiettivo da raggiungere (Valutazione antropometrica ematochimica e/o ormonale dell’atleta) e basato su evidenze scientifiche
Dr. Mario Angelini – Clinica Chirurgica Università di Pisa ‐ 1936