Created by: Created by: Lisa SydeskiLisa Sydeski

Thomas Jefferson High SchoolThomas Jefferson High SchoolPittsburgh, PAPittsburgh, PA

Roman Catholic Church—influential, extravagant, and worldlySome people felt church straying from spiritual roots Concerns crystallized into the Protestant Reformation

• Financial corruption, abuse of power, immorality

• People’s respect for priests, monks, popes weakened

• Heavy taxation also caused discontent

Dissatisfaction• Pope Leo X approved

sale of indulgences

• Needed money for St. Peter’s Basilica

• Indulgences, pardons reduced a soul’s time in purgatory

Financing Basilica• Catholics believed

dead went to purgatory, worked off sins committed

• Sale of indulgences widely criticized

• Government separate from the church

Working Off Sins

• From Bohemia, Jan Hus preached against immorality and worldliness of Catholic Church

• Excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII; later arrested, tried for heresy and burned at stake

• These influential theologians openly criticized church

• Beginnings of discussions that eventually led to reform

Jan Hus

• Two men stepped forward to challenge the church

• Englishman believed church should give up earthly possessions

• His views unpopular with church officials

• Was removed from teaching position

John Wycliffe

(1484-1531) – Independent of LutherZurich – SwitzerlandRCC – built on superstition & human traditionChristian Life rested in ScripturesAttacked indulgences, monasticism, celibacyReduced sacraments from 7 to 2Lord’s Supper – a memorial, no changeRejected the Papal office

Started in Switzerland

England = Puritans

Scotland = Presbyterians

Holland = Dutch Reform

France = Huguenots

Germany = Reform Church

Lawyer France

Institutes of Christian Religion (1536)

Influence by Luther

More radical than Luther

“God, by a sudden conversion, subdued and brought my mind to a teachable frame?

T – Total depravity

U – Unconditional election

L – Limited atonement

I – Irresistible grace

P – Perseverance of the saints

Predestination – absolute omnipotence of GodElect – salvation not by choice – pre-decided by GodGeneva – Switzerland - “city of the saints”Not a theology of fatalism“but an energizing dynamic force”Regulative Principle – unless in scriptures cannot be done

Protestant hard-work ethicLeisure time = sinHard work to keep one’s self from sinPleasing to God

19041904 - Max Weber - Max Weber

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of CapitalismCapitalism

Worldly success, wealth = sign of election?Worldly success, wealth = sign of election?Calvinism most dynamic force in the 16th 17th Centuries

John Knox (1505?-1572)Scotland – PresbyterianHenry VIII – (1491-1547)English Reformation

BB – brotherhood of believers

AA – adult baptism

SS - separation of Church and State

II – in the world but not of it

NN – nonviolent resistance