created by c. ippolito december 2005 updated dec 2005 chapter 9 cellular respiration pages 220 - 236
TRANSCRIPT
Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration
Pages 220 - 236Pages 220 - 236
Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005
Chapter 9 Section 1Chapter 9 Section 1Chemical PathwaysChemical Pathways
Pages 221-225Pages 221-225What is cellular respiration?What is cellular respiration?
What happens during the process of What happens during the process of glycolysis?glycolysis?
What are the two main types of fermentation?What are the two main types of fermentation?
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Chemical Energy and FoodChemical Energy and Food FoodFood
Building blocks to grow and reproduceBuilding blocks to grow and reproduce EnergyEnergy
calorie calorie Energy measurementEnergy measurement Energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1Energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1°C°C
CalorieCalorie Measurement on food productsMeasurement on food products 1,000 calories or a kilocalorie1,000 calories or a kilocalorie
SugarSugar 1 gram has 3811 calories or 3.8 Calories1 gram has 3811 calories or 3.8 Calories
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Pathway used to release energy from sugarPathway used to release energy from sugarCan occur without oxygen (OCan occur without oxygen (O22) – ) – ANAEROBICANAEROBIC
Can occur with oxygen (OCan occur with oxygen (O22) – ) – AEROBICAEROBIC
Always begins with Always begins with GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSISGlycolysis – glucose splittingGlycolysis – glucose splitting
Breaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules Forms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Overview of Cellular RespirationOverview of Cellular Respiration
Process that releases energy by breaking Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Symbol EquationSymbol Equation6O6O22 + C + C66HH1212OO66 -> 6CO -> 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + O + ENERGYENERGY
Word EquationWord Equationoxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water + oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water +
ENERGYENERGY
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
GlycolysisGlycolysis
GlycolysisGlycolysis – glucose splitting – glucose splittingBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid moleculesForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules2 ATP used to start process2 ATP used to start processReleases Releases HIGH ENERGYHIGH ENERGY molecules molecules
4 ATP so “net gain” is only 2 ATP4 ATP so “net gain” is only 2 ATP2 NADH (a “cousin” of NADPH)2 NADH (a “cousin” of NADPH)
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
FermentationFermentation
Releases energy from food in the absence Releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen (of oxygen (anaerobic respirationanaerobic respiration))
TWO TYPESTWO TYPESAlcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
forms alcohol and carbon dioxideforms alcohol and carbon dioxide
Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentationforms lactic acidforms lactic acid
Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005
HomeworkHomework
Section Assessment 9-1Section Assessment 9-1
Complete questions 1 through 6 Complete questions 1 through 6 on looseleafon looseleaf
Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005
Chapter 9 Section 2Chapter 9 Section 2The Krebs Cycle and Electron The Krebs Cycle and Electron
TransportTransportPages 226-232Pages 226-232
What happens during Krebs Cycle?What happens during Krebs Cycle?
How are high-energy electrons used by How are high-energy electrons used by the electron transport chain?the electron transport chain?
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
GlycolysisGlycolysis only releases 10% of the only releases 10% of the energy in a molecule of glucoseenergy in a molecule of glucoseRespirationRespiration – “breathing” is necessary to – “breathing” is necessary to
release the remaining energyrelease the remaining energyCellular RespirationCellular Respiration – uses oxygen by adding – uses oxygen by adding
two pathways to glycolysistwo pathways to glycolysisKrebs CycleKrebs Cycle – occurs in matrix of mitochondria – occurs in matrix of mitochondriaElectron TransportElectron Transport – occurs in cristae (inner – occurs in cristae (inner
membrane) of mitochondriamembrane) of mitochondria
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
Nobel Prize 1953 – Hans KrebsNobel Prize 1953 – Hans Krebsa.k.a Citric Acid Cyclea.k.a Citric Acid Cycle
breaks down pyruvic acidbreaks down pyruvic acid releasing carbon dioxidereleasing carbon dioxide forming 2 ATPforming 2 ATP releasing high-energy electronsreleasing high-energy electrons
carried by NADH and FADHcarried by NADH and FADH22
occurs inoccurs in matrixmatrix of mitochondria of mitochondria
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Electron TransportElectron Transport uses energy from uses energy from
high energy high energy electrons to make electrons to make ATPATP HH+ + carried by NADcarried by NAD++
and FADand FAD++ forced forced from matrix to from matrix to intermembrane intermembrane spacespace
HH+ + escapes through escapes through ATP synthase ATP synthase forming ATPforming ATP
HH+ + rejoins electrons rejoins electrons and Oand O22 to form water to form water
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Energy TotalsEnergy Totals2 ATP to start glycolysis2 ATP to start glycolysis
GlycolysisGlycolysis6 ATP6 ATP
Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid6 ATP6 ATP
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle2 ATP2 ATP
Electron TransportElectron Transport22 ATP22 ATP
Total: 36 ATP Total: 36 ATP
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Energy and ExerciseEnergy and Exercise
Quick Energy – “Fight or Flight”Quick Energy – “Fight or Flight” 90 second supply of ATP to muscle cells90 second supply of ATP to muscle cells needs no Oneeds no O22 – fermentation – fermentation produces lactic acid – oxygen debtproduces lactic acid – oxygen debt if not removed causes crampsif not removed causes cramps
Long Term EnergyLong Term Energy more than 90 seconds supply of ATPmore than 90 seconds supply of ATP uses Ouses O22 – aerobic respiration – aerobic respiration after 20 minutes stored glycogen from liver used upafter 20 minutes stored glycogen from liver used up start to metabolize fats for energystart to metabolize fats for energy
Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005
Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005
HomeworkHomework
Section Assessment 9-2 page 232Section Assessment 9-2 page 232
Complete questions 1 through 5 Complete questions 1 through 5 on loose leafon loose leaf