CRCT Review

CRCT Review7th Grade Social StudiesSmall group with total control.No citizen participation.

OligarchyWhat word comes to your mind when you see this?

DemocracyUnitary, Confederation, or Federal???

China's Air PollutionReligion of Jewish people???

What type of economy?

The central government has complete and total control.

Command Parliamentary or Presidential???

Executive----Legislative branches are connected.Unitary, Confederation, or Federal???

GandhiFastest growing religion in the world???

Tariff, Quota, or Embargo???No trading between countries.A tax on imported goods.A limit on the amount of goods that can be imported.tariffembargoquotaOne leader with total control.No citizen participation.

AutocraticTiananmen SquareWhat type of economy?

TraditionalParliamentary or Presidential???

Executive and Legislative branches are separate.EJWhat type of economy?

MarketWho is this person? What country did he govern?

Nelson Mandela DesertificationUnitary, Confederation, or Federal???

What is the main indicator for how a countrys economy is doing?GDP(Gross Domestic Product)

Yangtze River PollutionDeveloping or Developed country?Country #1Country #2Country #3Total GDP$1.446 trillion$344.7 billion$1.758 trillionper capita GDP$41,500$7,600$15,300Population below povertyline9.4%35%51.3%Life expectancy81.48 years68.74 years76.66 yearsLiteracy rate99%99%86%Africa

How are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam similar?

All have a holy book.All began in the Middle East.All are monotheistic (one god).African Education IssuesWho were used in the New Worldas slaves and laborers during colonial times?

Africans-known as the Atlantic Slave TradeSouthwest Asia (Middle East)

213456Southwest Asia (Middle East)Iraq, under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, invaded Kuwait in 1990. This led to the United States intervening with military Operation Desert Storm. What was the name of this conflict?Persian Gulf War

1234567AfricaThe HolocaustWarning: Contains Graphic ContentWho holds the power inUnitary Government

Confederation Government

Federal GovernmentCentral LeadersLocal GovernmentShared by Levels of GovernmentWhat is capital?What is its relationship to GDP?

factories

machinery

technologyRebuilding Japan after WWIISouth and East Asia

1234567Which country has the highest standard of living?Which country has the lowest standard of living?CountryLife Expectancy(years)Infant Mortality Rate(percent)Literacy Rate(percent)Israel79896Saudi Arabia683663Iran702879Iraq676358IsraelIraqRank these from 1-3 in terms of citizen participation with 1 being the least citizen participation and 3 being the most participation.

____________ Autocracy

___________ Democracy

____________ Oligarchy

132What is human capital?What is its relationship to GDP?

Education and TrainingGanges River A person who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise???

Entrepreneur The person.

Entrepreneurship Their business.

Africa

Mao Zedong

Africa Historical Understandings

Question 1:What was the main goal of the Pan-African movement?

To get Africans to think of themselves as one people and to work together.Pan-African Movement

There are approximately 3,000 ethnic groups located On the continent of AfricaQuestion 2Which group of people did some European powers use to be their enforcers?

Local chiefs

Question 3What was Nelson Mandelas attitude toward the people who had been responsible for the old government of South Africa?

He felt that all races needed to work together in the new government.

Question 4What decision did F W de Klerk eventually make about the countrys apartheid laws?

He recommended that the laws be repealed.

Question 5Why did Europeans first take an interest in the African continent?

Because of the slave trade

Africa

Question 6What is the name for a system of acquiring (taking over) colonies in order to provide raw materials for a stronger country?

Imperialism

Imperialism in Africa

Question 7What was the name of Nelson Mandelas political party?

The ANC African National Congress

Question 8The use of African people to help European officials administer a colony was known as what form of government?

Indirect RuleQuestion 9What conflicts broke out in Nigeria after independence was declared?

Religious conflict between the Christians in the southern part of Nigeria and the Muslims in the Northern partConflict after IndependenceMuslims in the north

Christians in the south

Question 10What is the definition of assimilation?

Giving up ones customs and adopting those of another cultureAssimilationAssimilation means to take on the cultural traits of another cultural group.

Changing your culture to fit in with another much like a chameleon changes his color to fit into a new surrounding.

Question 11Why was Kenya criticized after independence even though it was led by Africans?

The government was controlled by only one party known as the KNAU.

Question 12Why did many of the boundaries of the new African states created after World War II cause problems?

The boundaries split tribes and kinship groupsPartitioning of AfricaUnder Colonial Rule

Question 13Who was the first black president of South Africa?

Nelson MandelaMember of the Tembu Xhosa Tribe

Question 14When Great Britain took over South Africa and the Dutch settlers moved farther north, which African group fought that expansion?

Zulus

Question 15Which organization was formed to work for equality in the country of South Africa?

The ANC African National Congress

Question 16Which European nation first colonized South Africa?

The Netherlands Also known as the Nederlands andHolland

The Dutch peopleQuestion 17What is the apartheid system?

A system of laws that segregated the races

These laws were repealed in 1994.Question 18What percent of the population of South Africa was black when the country achieved independence?

70%

Question 19About how long after Mandela was imprisoned did he become president?

About 30 years

Question 20Which two South African leaders worked together to end Apartheid?

Nelson Mandela and F W deKlerk

South, Southeast, and East Asia

Standard:SS7G10 The student will discuss environmental issues across Southern and Eastern Asia.a.Describe the causes and effects of pollution on the Yangtze and Ganges Rivers. b.Describe the causes and effects of air pollution and flooding in India and China.SS7G11 The student will explain the impact of location, climate, physical characteristics, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution on Southern and Eastern Asia.a.Describe the impact climate and location has on population distribution in Southern and Eastern Asia.b.Describe how the mountain, desert, and water features of Southern and Eastern Asia have affected the population in terms of where people live, the types of work they do, and how they travel.MountainsHimalayas (Mt. Everest) Mount Fuji-JapanWhat other landforms do these mountains help to make?

HimalayasMt. Everest

Varied climate regions--ranging from tropical and wet, to humid, to dry desert conditions. Many natural hazards--monsoons, typhoons, volcanoes, and earthquakesInfluence of water--Rivers, seas, and ocean currents: How do they influence agriculture, trade, and transportation?

Important bodies of waterSouth China Sea, Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Ganges River, Indus River, Pacific Ocean, Yangtze River, Mekong River, Yellow River (Huang He), Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan.Yellow River

Monsoon--a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds that influences large climate regionsTyphoon--a destructive tropical storm occurring in the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, similar to a hurricane

Economic Characteristics Varied economies in the region ranging from subsistence/commercial agriculture to high-tech industrial manufacturingActive participation in global marketsMany newly industrialized countries--South Korea, Taiwan, SingaporeJapan is the economic leader of the areaChina is in a transition period--from a centrally planned economy to more of a tradition free market economyAgricultural advancements and technology are enabling greater food production-- Green RevolutionEnvironmental degradationdeforestationfishing is importantMany countries are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) which was set up with the USmain crops are rice and tropical crops such as bananasCultural CharacteristicsAreas of extremely dense and sparse populationsevere contrast between rural and urban areasserious religious conflicts--primarily between Hindus and Muslims

deep respect for ancestorsReligious diversity--Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism, Shinto, Confucianism are the major religions

India has a strict caste system--(similar to a class structure) once born into a caste it is next to impossible to move out of that caste

Cultural heritageSilksBatikwood and ivory carvingideograms--unique alphabetsjewelsImportant cities--Tokyo, Japan; Beijing, China; New Delhi, India

Prominent Religions of Southern and Eastern AsiaHinduismOne of the oldest religions in the worldPracticed most widely in India3rd largest religion in the worldDeveloped in India, its origins are based upon the religion practiced by the Aryans (invaded the country from the north around 1500 BC).Rituals and hymns known as Vedas, of The Books of Knowledge led to the development of the religion known as HinduismHinduism is polytheistic, meaning they worship many godsHindus believe that all of these gods are part of a supreme spirit named BrahmanBelieve that all living things have souls (including animals)Some animals, like the cow, are considered especially sacredMany Hindus are vegetarians, meaning they eat no meat

Believe in reincarnation- the idea that the soul does not die with the body, but enters the body of another being, either a person or an animal.The type of life a person leads determines what his next life will be likeA soul is reincarnated over and over again, until the life it lives is good enough to bring it to be united with Brahman.Karma, is the belief that ones actions determine ones fate.

Caste SystemAnother important part of Hinduism is the caste systemA caste system is the belief that social class is hereditary (inherited), and does not change throughout a persons life.The only way to move to a higher caste was to be born into one in the next life.Four Main CastesPriests and wise men, or Brahmans, are the highestWarriors and rulers, called the KshtriyasMerchants, traders, and small farmers, VaisyasThe Sudras, or peasants and field workers, are lastThe untouchables, or pariahs, who do work no one else would do, belong to the fifth casteBuddhismBegan in India4th largest religion in the world6% of the worlds population today is BuddhistSiddhartha Guatama a rich young man founded the religion about 500 B.C.Believe in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold PathSiddhartha GautamaFounded the religion about 500 B.C.Lived a life of luxury, but was concerned about the poverty and suffering he saw in the worldLeft his family and became a monk for a number of years, hoping that he would learn why people had to sufferAfter years of wandering, he understood what needed to be doneHe felt that people could find peace if they rejected greed and desireHe agreed with the Hindu belief of reincarnation and karma but did not accept the caste system or the need for priestsHe became known as Buddha, or The Enlightened One by his followersFour Noble TruthsBuddha taught that there were Four Noble Truths in lifeLife always brought painSuffering and sorrow were usually caused by greed and the desire for material things.By giving up these greedy desires, a person could end his suffering and reach Nirvana- Nirvana means a state of perfect peaceTo achieve Nirvana, a person needed to follow the Middle Way

The Middle WayThe Middle Way was accomplished by following what Buddha called the Eightfold Path (8 rules for conduct)Try to recognize the truthTry to avoid evil actions and bad peopleDo not say things that hurt othersRespect other people and their belongingsChoose a job that does no harm to othersDo not think evil thoughtsAvoid excitement or angerWork at meditation, thinking carefully about what matters in life

IslamSecond largest religion in the world.Began in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century AD with teachings of the prophet ________________. MuhammadIslam came to India in the 1500s AD when Muslim armies swept into the countryEstablished the Mogul Empire that ruled India for almost 200 yearsMuslim conquerors treated the Hindus as conquered people and introduced Islam as a new religion.______Pillars of IslamBelieve there is only _______god and ___________ is his messenger________ five times a day facing the direction of MeccaCharity to the poorFasting during the holy month of ____________.Pilgrimage to __________ at least once in a persons lifetime

Muslims believe in only one god, this religion is a _______________religionA religion that believes in more than one god is called a __________________ religionTheir holy book is called a __________

ShintoThe earliest religion of Japan was ShintoismShintoism believe in kami, divine spirits that Shinto followers believe live in natureThese spirits are believed to live in beautiful places, animals, and especially as a persons ancestorPlaces such as mountains and rivers are considered as sacred because they are thought to be the homes of these kamiThose who practice Shintoism offer prayers and perform rituals to honor and please the kami or spirits they feel are specialShinto religion does not stress life after deathThe worship of nature has also led the Japanese to create small, beautiful gardens, and areas of quiet and reflectionShintoism was once the state religion of JapanConfucianismConfucius was one of the most important scholars in Chinese historyBelieved that the key to peace and social order was for people to behave with good character and virtueGolden Rule of Behavior- what you do not like when done unto yourself, do not unto others.He believed a good ruler was one who treated his people fairly and was kind to them.Confucius was not a religious prophet or even a religious leaderConfucianism is thought of as a philosophy or ethical system based on good deeds and morality rather than religion.Five Basic RelationshipsBelieved that there were five basic relationships among men:Ruler and subjectFather and sonHusband and wifeOlder brother and younger brotherFriend and friendHe believed if each relationship were based on kindness, there would be peace and harmony in the country.Your turn!

Which of these religions is considered one of the oldest in the world?What is the Hindu belief in reincarnation?What Buddhist teaching shows its followers the correct way to live their lives?What is the name of the Muslim holy book?In which country was Shintoism founded?What is Confucius Golden Rule?

Analyzing economic systemsTraditional EconomyCommand EconomyMarket Economy

TSW Compare how traditional, command, and market economies answer the economic questions, such as:_______ to produce?

________ to produce?

For __________ to produce?

Traditional EconomyTradition means something that has been __________ ________ in a culture from one generation to another.Most economic decisions are based on c_________ and h________ (hence the word traditional).People mainly produce goods for their own f__________ and neighborhoods.People b___________ or swap goods.

In a traditional economyEverything operates on a small, r_____ basis.

In a traditional economyConsumers and producers make the decisions about w____ to produce and _____ to produce it.

It becomes a p________ if people begin to w_____ and n____ products that cant be made or traded locally.

Command EconomyCentralized g____________ directed c_________ed economyA central governmental planning group makes most of the economic decisions. They decideWhich g_______ and s______ will be produced.The p_______ that will be charged for the goods and services.W________ to be paid to the workers.What j______ the workers will doH___ and w________ the goods will be produced.

Command EconomyA small ________ of people decide.

This small group c___________s the economy.

Command EconomyHow are d_____________ made?Government P_____________

What p_________ can occur in a c_________ economy?People must secure g______________ permission to start a new business.

Market EconomyI______________ make the decisions about what to produce and what to buy.Other names for a m_________ economy are.CapitalismFree enterpriseLaissez-faire (french phrase for allows them to do as they please)Market EconomyWho makes the decisions in a market economy?I________________

Market EconomyWho takes the financial r______ in starting a new business in a market economy?I________________ business people

Mixed EconomiesAlmost all modern economies in the world today have characteristics of all three types of e______________ systems. In other words, they are a m___________ of economies.

Mixed EconomiesWhy are most modern economies referred to as mixed economies?Most countries have aspects of all three economic types at work in their economies.Why do most economies in the world operate between a market economy and a command economy?Most countries have found they need a mixture of control to be successful and protect consumers.Voluntary TradeSS7E2 The student will explain how voluntary trade benefits _________ and _______ in Africa.Voluntary trade occurs when _____ _______in a transaction see that they are going to ___________ from the exchange.

It is the key to a __________ economy.What is voluntary trade?

Encourages ______________.Leads to more _________ __________.Produces higher ________.

Voluntary trade.Countries _____________ in producing those goods and services they can produce most efficiently.

______________ in products a country makes best and that are in demand in the world market creates a way to _____ _______ to buy items that cannot be produced locally.SpecializationU______ produces high quality ________.

K_______ is building high quality ______plants.

If they plan and work together, these two countries can benefit from ___________ trade.

N___________ specializes in exporting much needed ______ to the U.S. and other industrial nations.SpecializationSpecialization in minerals in SA has led to extremely unequal ____________ of the wealth in the country.

Concentration in producing high quality cotton in Kenya has caused a decrease in the production of _______. Kenya must import ________ for its people.Specialization can have a downside.

South Africa is rich in _______, _________, and ____________. SA specializes in developing this mineral wealth that is valuable to other countries. SpecializationAnything that slows down or prevents one country from __________________ goods with another.

Trade Barriers are

Some trade barriers are put in place

To _________________ local industries from lower priced goods made in other countries.

Due to _______________ ____________ between countries. Trade is stopped until the political issues are settled.

Trade BarriersT_____ Q____E_______THREE TYPES OF TRADE BARRIERSA tariff is a ____ placed on _________ goods to make the imported item more expensive than a locally produced product.

TariffS

A l________ or specific number set for products that can be imported in a given amount of time.I______ l_______ mean that more people will buy local products.A quota is

_____ places quotas on how much ___ each member nation can produce for the world market in order to keep prices where they want them to be.

N_______, a member of _____, exports __% of the oil imported by the U.S.OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

An e________ is when one country stops trade with another country in order to i_________ a country and cause problems with that countrys e___________.

In 1963, the U. S. (along with some other countries) placed an e______ against South Africa because Americans did not agree with r_______ injustices that occurred in SA under A_____________.EmbargoA__________ was a set of laws passed in South Africa to regulate where black people l______, went to s________, s_________, and w________.U. S. Embargo against South Africa

The U. S., and some other countries, lifted the e________ against South Africa when the A___________ laws were voted down in 1992.

After 30+ years, American companies were now free to trade with South A_____________ companies again.

Embargo

In order for countries to buy and sell with each other, they must have a system to exchange currency.The _____ f______ is a type of currency being used in w_____ and c________ Africa to conduct trade between countries.CURRENCY EXCHANGE

While many countries in Africa have used trade barriers to p________ their own industries, others have developed trade a_______________ to make trade among nations in their region more o____ and mutually s______________.

For example: K_________ t___________ mills manufacturing fabrics from U_______s high quality _______.TRADE ASSOCIATIONSAre You Ready for the CRCT???