cranial nerves exam. [purpose] to learn how to examine the functions of the 12 pairs of cranial...

Cranial Nerves Exam

[Purpose]

1048711 To learn how to examine the functions of the 12 pairs

of cranial nerves

1048711 To understand the functions of the 12 pairs of cranial

nerves

12 pairs of cranial nerves

Functions of cranial nerves

bull 1048711 Some of these nerves bring information from

bull the sense organs to the brain

bull 1048711 Others control muscles

bull 1048711 Others are connected to glands or internal

bull organs such as the heart and lungs

The innervation areas of the cranial nerves

[Experimental method amp procedure]

bull 1048711 CN I Olfactory smellbull 1048711 1 Ask the subject if heshe has a subjective olfactorybull problembull 1048711 2 Check for rash deformity of nosebull 1048711 3 One nostril is occluded while the subject sniffs anbull unknown substance Test one nostril with soap cigarettebull and toothpaste ask the subject to point to the correct namebull on the paperbull 1048711 4 Test the other nostril repeat step 3

CN II Optic vision

bull 1048711 There are three main aspects to this nerve visual

bull acuity visual fields and fundi opticus

bull 1048711 1 Examine visual acuity

bull 1048711 2 Examine visual fields

bull 1048711 3 Look into the fundi

CN III IV VI Oculomotor TrochlearAbducens

bull 1048711 CN III Oculomotorbull 1048711 Eyelid and eyeball movementbull 1048711 CN IV Trochlearbull 1048711 Innervates superior obliquebull 1048711 Turns eye downward and laterallybull 1048711 CN VI Abducensbull 1048711 Turns eye laterallybull 1048711 Cranial Nerves III IV and VI supply the muscles ofbull eye movement and are tested as a unit

bull 1048711 1 Appearance of eyes

bull 1048711 2 Eyeball movement

bull 1048711 3 Look at pupils

bull 1048711 4 Test pupillary light reaction

bull 1048711 5 Pupillary reaction to convergence and

bull accommodation reflex

CN V Trigeminal

bull 1048711 Functionsbull 1048711 Chewingbull 1048711 Face amp mouth touch amp painbull 1048711 1 Facial sensationbull 1) Use sterile sharp item on forehead cheek and

jawbull 2) If abnormal then test temperature [water-

heatedcooledbull tuning fork] light touch [cotton]

bull 1048711 2 Motor Subject opens mouth clenches teeth

bull 1) Palpate temporal masseter muscles as they clench

bull 2) Subject opens mouth assess the symmetry of the

bull mouth

bull 1048711 3 Corneal reflex patient looks up and awaybull 1) Touch cotton wool to the sclera on the other sidebull 2) Look for blink in both eyes ask if subject can

sense itbull 3) Repeat on the other side

bull 1048711 4 Test jaw jerkbull 1) Examiner places finger on tip of jawbull 2) Grip patellar hammer halfway up shaft and tap

examinerrsquosbull finger lightlybull 3) Usually nothing happens or just a slight closure

CN VII Facial

bull 1048711 Functions controls most facial expressions

bull secretion of tears amp saliva taste

bull 1048711 1 Muscles of facial expression

bull 1048711 2 Check the sense of taste

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

bull 1048711 Functions hearing equilibrium sensation

bull 1048711 Auditory acuity

bull 1048711 1 Rinne test

bull 1048711 2 Weber test

bull 1048711 Vestibular function

CN IX X Glossopharyngeal Vagus

bull 1048711 CN IX Glossopharyngealbull 1048711 tastebull 1048711 senses carotid blood pressurebull 1048711 CN X Vagusbull 1048711 senses aortic blood pressurebull 1048711 slows heart ratebull 1048711 stimulates digestive organsbull 1048711 taste


bull 1048711 Some useful tests for detection of deficiencies in motorbull function of the palate pharynx and larynx are described

belowbull Sensory function needs to be checked if one suspects

cranialbull neuropathy or a brain stem lesionbull 1 Palatal Elevationbull 2 Gag reflex (afferent IX efferent X)bull 3 Sensory functionbull 4 Voice Qualitybull 5 Taste test see CN VII

CN XI Accessory

bull 1048711Functions

bull 1048711 Controls trapezius amp sternocleidomastoid

bull 1048711 Controls swallowing movements

SternocleidomastoidTrapezius muscle

CN XI Accessory

bull 1048711 1 Sternocleidomastoidbull Press a hand against the patients jaw and have the patientbull rotate the head against resistance Pressing against the

rightbull jaw tests the left sternocleidomastoid and vice versabull 1048711 2 Trapeziusbull Have the patient shrug shoulders against resistance and

assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal

bull Function controls tongue movements

bull 1048711 1 Listen to articulation

bull 1048711 2 Inspect tongue in mouth for wasting fasciculations

bull 1048711 3 Protrude tongue deviates to affected side

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[Purpose]

1048711 To learn how to examine the functions of the 12 pairs

of cranial nerves

1048711 To understand the functions of the 12 pairs of cranial

nerves











CN II Optic vision














CN V Trigeminal







bull mouth





CN VII Facial

















CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN II Optic vision














CN V Trigeminal







bull mouth





CN VII Facial

















CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN V Trigeminal







bull mouth





CN VII Facial

















CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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bull mouth





CN VII Facial

















CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN VII Facial

















CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN XI Accessory





CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN XI Accessory



assessbull weakness

CN XII Hypoglossal





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CN XII Hypoglossal





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cranial nerves exam. [purpose] to learn how to examine the functions of the 12 pairs of cranial...

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